CN1139792C - Torque measuring method and sensor - Google Patents
Torque measuring method and sensor Download PDFInfo
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- CN1139792C CN1139792C CNB011256087A CN01125608A CN1139792C CN 1139792 C CN1139792 C CN 1139792C CN B011256087 A CNB011256087 A CN B011256087A CN 01125608 A CN01125608 A CN 01125608A CN 1139792 C CN1139792 C CN 1139792C
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- 239000010453 quartz Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000036316 preload Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- -1 electrode Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000012774 insulation material Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000012431 wafers Nutrition 0.000 description 10
- 238000010008 shearing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a new torque measuring method and a sensor, which belongs to the fields of a testing technique and a piezoelectric quartz sensor. The present invention uses a piezoelectric crystal as a measuring element, and the new method adopts a cutting piezoelectric quartz crystal with a 'torsion effect'. When the surface of the piezoelectric quartz crystal is subjected to torsion action, bound charges are produced on four planes vertical to a twisted surface; electrodes a, b, c, d are distributed on four surfaces of a quartz body producing the bound charges; electrodes a, c are connected in parallel; the electrodes b, d are connected with a testing circuit via conducting wires after connected in parallel; the torque value can be accurately measured. The new sensor is composed of an upper cover casing, a piezoelectric crystal, the electrodes, conducting wires, an output line joint, etc. The new torque measuring method and the sensor have the advantages of simple operation, high precision, low cost and measuring range enlargement.
Description
Technical field the invention belongs to measuring technology and piezoelectric quartz sensor field.
Torque measuring method commonly used in the background technology engineering all is " power is taken advantage of the arm of force " method, and in the measurement, arm of force R is changeless, and arm of force R and shearing force F multiply each other and obtain moment of torsion Mt, and moment of torsion and shearing force F are linear.If want to measure shearing force F, adopt the sensor of piezoelectric quartz crystal as torque measurement, a lot of YO ° of cut type quartz wafers must be arranged, being distributed on R is on the circumference of radius, is placed with electrode plates between upper and lower two wafers, shown in accompanying drawing 1, accompanying drawing 2.The required wafer of torque sensor is often up to 12～24, and evenly stressed for making each sheet, the height of wafer and the flatness of upper and lower surface of contact, roughness require quite strict, the sensor construction complexity, and the technological requirement height, debugging difficulty is big, the cost height.
Summary of the invention the objective of the invention is to overcome traditional measurement method test trouble, complicated, shortcoming that precision is not high, invents a kind of new measuring method and new sensor and makes that measuring operation is easy, cost is low, precision improves, and measurement range enlarges.
The present invention adopts technical scheme to be: a kind of torque measuring method, and adopt piezoelectric crystal as measuring sensor, it is characterized in that:
1) adopts rectangle piezoelectric quartz crystal with " torsional effect " cut type, cloth top electrode a, c and induction electrode b, d on four faces of piezoelectric quartz crystal 2 generation bound charges, wherein, electrode a, c directly contact with piezoelectric quartz crystal, and be filled with dielectric 7 insulation material layers between induction electrode b, d and the piezoelectric quartz crystal, as shown in Figure 3.
2) make piezoelectric quartz crystal be subjected to torsional interaction, this moment is with electrode a, when the generation of c surface in contact just (is being born) electric charge, electrode a, c are last just will to have (bearing) bound charge to produce, and induction electrode b, d are owing to just also producing (bearing) bound charge through the intermediate dielectric polarization conversion;
3) with electrode a and c parallel connection, after induction electrode b and the d parallel connection, be linked into respectively in the test circuit through lead 3, through charge amplifier 10, the quantity of electric charge is converted to voltage, by digital voltmeter 11 reading of data,, can measure torque by output terminal 6 outputs.
4) adopt " not having centering " formula method to measure, when promptly measuring, the centre of gyration of moment of torsion needn't be consistent with the center of survey sensor, perhaps fix certain distance, during measurement, the piezoelectric quartz crystal with this cloth top electrode is clamped between upper and lower two flat boards 9,8, as shown in Figure 4 earlier.To descend dull and stereotyped 8 to fix, on upper flat plate 9, apply moment of torsion Mt (as Drilling Operations), just can directly measure the size of torque value according to " torsional effect " that piezoelectric quartz crystal had.Can be with being intended to arbitrfary point boring on the surface of the work, the moment that produces moves by the plane and is transformed on the piezoelectric quartz sensor, position of action point is irrelevant in the plane with moment, even a lot of holes of drilling on big plane, the measurement of also can working continuously exactly of this method realizes not having the measurement of centering porous drilling torque.
A kind of torque measurement sensor is by loam cake, housing, piezoelectric crystal, electrode, lead, compositions such as out splice going splice, it is characterized in that, piezoelectric quartz crystal 2 with torsional effect cut type amplexiforms in the inner chamber boss of housing 1 in the heart, on perpendicular four faces in piezoelectric quartz crystal and boss plane four electrodes are arranged, electrode a wherein, c directly is attached on the plane of crystal, and induction electrode b, be filled with dielectric 7 insulation courses between d and the piezoelectric quartz crystal, induction electrode b and d parallel connection, after electrode a and the c parallel connection, by lead 3 outside output terminal 6 lead bodies, insulation locating ring 4, amplexiform on the internal chamber wall of housing 1, loam cake 5 uses laser bonding on housing 1 after the preload pressurization, as accompanying drawing 5, shown in 6.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows and simplified measuring system, especially sensor is reduced technological requirement, reduced the quantity of required piezoelectric quartz wafer, only need a rectangle quartz crystal; Good manufacturability has reduced cost, is easy to adjust, and the efficient height, the measuring accuracy height has overcome and has utilized multi-disc YO ° of cut type wafer combination to survey the shortcoming and defect of moment of torsion.
Appended drawings 1 is the structure diagram of traditional sensors, wherein: 1-housing, 2-piezoelectric quartz wafer, 3,4-pole piece, 5-output line, Mt-moment of torsion.Accompanying drawing 2 is wafer arrangement figure of traditional sensors, wherein: 1-housing, 2-piezoelectric quartz wafer, R-arm of force, F-shearing force.
Accompanying drawing 5 is that sensor master cut-open view, accompanying drawing 6 are sensors A-A cut-open views, wherein: 1-housing, 2-piezoelectric quartz crystal, 3-lead, 4-insulation locating ring, 5-loam cake, 6-output terminal, 7-dielectric, a, c-electrode, b, d-induction electrode.
Accompanying drawing 7 is to adopt a plurality of sensor torque measurement synoptic diagram, wherein: 1-drill bit, 2-pressing plate, 3-workpiece, 4-cushion block, 5-sensor, 6-pre-tightening apparatus, 7-adjustment bolt, 8-bolt.
Embodiment describes enforcement of the present invention in detail below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, and the torsional effect of piezoelectric quartz crystal is that the present inventor at first finds and through theoretical and experiment confirm.Use the torsional effect of quartz crystal, do not have centring type and measure the method for moment of torsion and sensor measurement principle as shown in Figure 3, Figure 4.In Fig. 4, do the time spent (centre of gyration of moment of torsion is not necessarily consistent with the center of sensor) when the upper flat plate 9 of sensor is subjected to a moment of torsion Mt, the upper and lower surface that is clipped in the rectangle piezoelectric quartz crystal 2 with torsional effect cut type between upper and lower two flat boards 9,8 is subjected to the effect of torsional moment simultaneously.So-called " torsional effect " cut type is meant when torsional interaction during at this piezoelectric quartz wafer, can be produced bound charge, the electric charge homophase that the apparent surface produces with turning round the surface on perpendicular four planes.And the moment of torsion that is applied and the bound charge of generation are linear.Because this kind cut type crystal has torsional effect, so bound charge all occurring on the crystal with on mutually perpendicular four surfaces, plane, torsional moment place, wherein electrode a, c are because of directly contacting with crystal, so electric charge symbol and crystal bound charge on the pole plate are identical, are assumed to " just ".Between electrode b, d and plane of crystal, add one deck insulation glue-line 7, make bound charge that induction electrode b, d produce also for just.Electrode a and c parallel connection are after induction b and the d parallel connection, through lead 3 outputs, as shown in Figure 3.When torsional interaction was on upper and lower two flat boards, no matter whether the moment of torsion center was consistent with center sensor.Can utilize piezoelectric quartz crystal this torsional effect, accurately measure torque value.If when tested plane is big, and hole count is more,, then can below workpiece, place 3～4 torque measurement sensors of the same type as shown in Figure 7 as the chemical reaction still etc.During measurement, earlier sensor 5 is contained in the pre-tightening apparatus 6,, adjusts bolt 7, make to be added with on the sensor 5 to preload if adopt a plurality of sensors sensor should be evenly arranged in the pre-tightening apparatus.Then measured workpiece 3 is placed on above the cushion block 4 on the preloading device; With pressing plate 2, bolt 8 fixes workpiece, just can be to measuring perpendicular to the drilling torque of any point boring on the sensor workpiece table top on the workpiece, and needn't consider whether the drilling center is concentric with sensor, realize " not having centering " porous drilling measurement of working continuously, this sensor also can be used in real-time observing and controlling and the supervisory system.
Claims (2)
1. a torque measuring method adopts piezoelectric crystal as measuring sensor, it is characterized in that:
1) adopts rectangle piezoelectric quartz crystal with " torsional effect " cut type, cloth top electrode [a], [c] and induction electrode [b], [d] on four faces of piezoelectric quartz crystal [2] generation bound charge, wherein electrode [a], [c] directly contact with piezoelectric quartz crystal, and are filled with dielectric [7] insulation material layer between induction electrode [b], [d] and the piezoelectric quartz crystal;
2) make piezoelectric quartz crystal be subjected to torsional interaction, this moment is with electrode [a], when [c] surface in contact just will produce (bearing) electric charge, just will have (bearing) bound charge to produce on electrode [a], [c], and induction electrode [b], [d] are owing to just also producing (bearing) bound charge through the intermediate dielectric polarization conversion;
3), after induction electrode [b] and [d] parallel connection, meet the people respectively in test circuit through lead [3] with electrode [a] and [c] parallel connection, through charge amplifier [10], the quantity of electric charge is converted to voltage, by digital voltmeter [11] reading of data, by output terminal [6] output, can measure torque;
4) adopt " not having centering " formula method to measure, when promptly measuring, the centre of gyration of moment of torsion needn't be consistent with the center of survey sensor, perhaps fixes certain distance; During measurement, piezoelectric quartz crystal with this cloth top electrode is clamped between upper and lower two flat boards [9], [8] earlier, to play flat board [8] fixing, on upper flat plate [9], apply moment of torsion, just can directly measure the size of torque value according to " torsional effect " that piezoelectric quartz crystal had; Can be with being intended to arbitrfary point boring on the surface of the work, the moment that produces moves by the plane and is transformed on the piezoelectric quartz sensor, position of action point is irrelevant in the plane with moment, even a lot of holes of drilling on big plane, the measurement of also can working continuously exactly of this method realizes not having the measurement of centering porous drilling torque.
2. torque measurement sensor, its sensor is by loam cake, housing, piezoelectric crystal, electrode, lead, compositions such as out splice going splice, it is characterized in that, piezoelectric quartz crystal [2] with torsional effect cut type amplexiforms in the inner chamber boss of housing [1] in the heart, on perpendicular four faces in piezoelectric quartz crystal and boss plane four electrodes are arranged, electrode [a] wherein, [c] directly is attached on the plane of crystal, and induction electrode [b], be filled with dielectric [7] insulation course between [d] and the piezoelectric quartz crystal, electrode [a] and [c] parallel connection, after induction electrode [b] and [d] parallel connection, by lead [3] outside output terminal [6] lead body, insulation locating ring [4], amplexiform on the internal chamber wall of housing [1], loam cake [5] uses laser bonding on housing [1] after the preload pressurization.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNB011256087A CN1139792C (en) | 2001-08-10 | 2001-08-10 | Torque measuring method and sensor |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNB011256087A CN1139792C (en) | 2001-08-10 | 2001-08-10 | Torque measuring method and sensor |
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| CN1401978A CN1401978A (en) | 2003-03-12 |
| CN1139792C true CN1139792C (en) | 2004-02-25 |
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| CNB011256087A Expired - Fee Related CN1139792C (en) | 2001-08-10 | 2001-08-10 | Torque measuring method and sensor |
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Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN105203242A (en) * | 2014-06-15 | 2015-12-30 | 吴燕珊 | Torque measuring device |
| CN108469326B (en) * | 2018-02-28 | 2020-08-25 | 北京电子工程总体研究所 | Micro-force spiral measuring device and system |
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- 2001-08-10 CN CNB011256087A patent/CN1139792C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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