CN113978238A - 一种变速器及其运行方法 - Google Patents
一种变速器及其运行方法 Download PDFInfo
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- B60K6/36—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the transmission gearings
- B60K6/365—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the transmission gearings with the gears having orbital motion
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种变速器及其运行方法,变速器包括第一动力输入轴,用于接收来自第一动力源的动力;第二动力输入轴,用于接收来自第二动力源的动力;输出轴,用于将动力输出至车轮,并且所述输出轴能够分别或者同时接收来自第一动力源、第二动力源的动力;双离合器,设置在所述第二动力输入轴上,并且在所述第二动力输入轴与所述输出轴之间存在至少两个挡位。本发明使得发动机可长时间在高效区运行;通过采用双离合器的离合器结构,换挡过程中通过离合器滑摩控制,可实现换挡过程中无动力中断,提升驾驶体验;采用双离合器模块结构,可缩短轴向尺寸;用三根轴空套形式实现两档的布置,能够缩短轴向尺寸,方便变速器在车辆上的布置。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于车辆技术领域,具体来说涉及一种变速器及其运行方法。
背景技术
变速器属于车辆上的重要部件。由于车辆动力源的动力特性与车辆的负载特性并不能完全地匹配,因此需要在动力源和车轮之间设置变速器。除此之外,变速器还可以提供空挡和倒挡,以在动力源工作时也能够切断动力源与车轮之间的动力连接。
对于传统的内燃机而言,已经发展出了以手动变速器、行星齿轮式自动变速器、双离合器变速器以及无级变速器等类型为典型代表的多种变速器。适用于燃油动力车辆的变速器更多的是关注与内燃机特性的匹配,因此挡位数较多。近年来,混合动力车辆的兴起,对于车辆变速器的设计提出了新的要求。混合动力车辆具有至少两个动力源,且根据两个动力源传递路径的不同,存在不同的变速器形式。
发明人已知的一种方案是采用双电机的混合动力变速器,结构上有用单离合器实现发动机端单档和驱动电机端单档的混合动力架构及离合器加同步器实现发动机端两档和驱动电机端单档的混合动力架构,但前者运行模式单一,适用不同运行工况能力差,发动机无法长时间运行在高效区,后者发动机驱动模式下换挡存在动力中断,影响驾驶体验。
发明内容
结合发明人在该领域的研究和实际经验,为了至少在一定程度上解决上述问题,在此提出以下改进的技术方案。
一种变速器,包括:
第一动力输入轴,用于接收来自第一动力源的动力;
第二动力输入轴,用于接收来自第二动力源的动力;
输出轴,用于将动力输出至车轮,并且所述输出轴能够分别或者同时接收来自第一动力源、第二动力源的动力;
还包括:
双离合器,设置在所述第二动力输入轴上,并且在所述第二动力输入轴与所述输出轴之间存在至少两个挡位。
作为本发明的一个改进,在所述第二动力输入轴上空套有两根轴,在这两根轴上分别设置有一挡主动齿轮和二挡主动齿轮,一挡主动齿轮和二挡主动齿轮各自能够与双离合器中的一个连接,从而能够分别通过双离合器与第二动力输入轴一体旋转。
作为本发明的一个改进,所述第一动力源是牵引电机;所述第二动力源是内燃机。
作为本发明的一个改进,所述变速器还包括:
第一中间轴,设置在所述第一动力输入轴与所述输出轴之间;
第二中间轴,设置在所述第二动力输入轴与所述输出轴之间。
作为本发明的一个改进,在所述第一中间轴上设置有第一中间轴主动齿轮和第一中间轴从动齿轮,分别与第一动力输入轴上的齿轮以及差速器输入齿轮啮合。
作为本发明的一个改进,所述第一中间轴主动齿轮与差速器输入齿轮构成车辆的主减速器。
作为本发明的一个改进,第一动力输入轴上的齿轮与第一中间轴从动齿轮组成的齿轮副在轴向上比第一中间轴主动齿轮与差速器输入齿轮更加远离第一动力源。
作为本发明的一个改进,第二动力输入轴的远离所述第一动力源的一端设置有齿轮,该齿轮能够通过齿轮传动来带动发电机工作。
作为本发明的一个改进,在所述第二中间轴上固定设置有与一挡主动齿轮常啮合的一挡从动齿轮、与二挡主动齿轮常啮合连接的二挡从动齿轮以及与差速器输入齿轮啮合的齿轮。
本发明还提出一种用于运行变速器的方法,按照下述方法来运行所述变速器:
当只有第一动力输入轴接收动力时,使来自第一动力输入轴的动力传递至差速器;
当只有第二动力输入轴接收动力时,使来自第二动力输入轴的动力通过一挡或者二挡来传递动力以驱动车辆行驶;并且根据内燃机的经济曲线来控制第二动力输入轴是否带动发电机工作;
当同时存在来自第一动力源和第二动力源的动力时,使来自第二动力输入轴的动力通过一挡或者二挡来传递动力以驱动车辆行驶,同时使第一动力源驱动车辆行驶。
在本发明中,如同本领域惯常使用的描述那样,齿轮与轴“固定连接”或者说“固定连接”、“固设”、“固定设置”指的是齿轮例如通过花键连接等可拆卸的方式或者直接通过焊接等不可拆卸的方式连接到轴上,从而达到这样的传动连接:轴和齿轮的转动角速度相同。换言之,在变速器的正常运行过程中,轴旋转一定会带动齿轮旋转,齿轮旋转也一定会带动轴旋转;即,在轴和齿轮之间不存在相对转动,二者一体旋转。
与“固定连接”相对应的连接方式是齿轮“空套”在轴上。一般来说,齿轮通过轴承元件可相对于轴旋转地支承在轴上,从而使得当轴旋转的时候,齿轮可以不随之以相同的速度旋转,因此也就无法传递动力;或者当齿轮旋转时,也无法带动轴旋转来传递动力。此外,一根轴也可以空套在另一根轴上,例如通过在二者之间设置轴承从而实现二者之间的空套。
“空套”在轴上的齿轮一般与“选择性接合元件”配合使用。顾名思义,“选择性接合元件”能够使齿轮与轴之间选择性的接合。当齿轮与轴接合时,其工作状态如同齿轮“固定连接”到轴上的工作状态那样;当齿轮与轴未接合时,其工作状态如同齿轮“空套”在轴上的工作状态那样。在变速器的工作过程中,通过控制选择性接合元件来改变相应的齿轮与相应的轴之间的连接关系,从而实现传动关系的建立或取消。
“常啮合”是指这样一种连接关系:在变速器工作期间,两个或更多个齿轮之间总是处于啮合状态。
根据以上描述以及下文将要结合附图进行的描述,可以知晓本发明具备以下优点:
①为发动机设有两个档位,适用不同工况能力强,发动机可长时间在高效区运行;
②通过采用双离合器的离合器结构,换挡过程中通过离合器滑摩控制,可实现换挡过程中无动力中断,提升驾驶体验;
③采用双离合器模块结构,可缩短轴向尺寸;
④使用三根轴空套形式实现两档的布置,能够缩短轴向尺寸,方便变速器在车辆上的布置;
⑤使用空套轴形式实现内燃机与发电电机的无断开直驱;
⑥内燃机以双离合器形式的两挡结构加电动机单档布置结构实现多种模式的混合动力变速。
附图说明
参考附图描述本发明的示例性实施例,其中:
图1示出了本发明的变速器及其上下游传动部件的结构示意图。
具体实施方式
以下结合附图对本发明的具体实施方式进行说明。
参见图1,其示出了本发明的变速器的结构示意图。本发明的变速器应用于混合动力车辆,该混合动力车辆具有两个动力源,分别是牵引电机1和内燃机4。内燃机4可以是汽油发动机,在内燃机4之后可以设置有扭转减振器。
从图1中可以看到,本发明的变速器具有两个动力输入端,分别用于连接牵引电机1和内燃机4。牵引电机1具有未图示的定子和转子,并且还具有输出轴,输出轴可以连接到牵引电机1的转子,由此,当牵引电机1通电后,能够在电磁感应的作用下将电能转化为机械能,使得转子旋转,进而带动与其相连的轴旋转。从图1的下半部分可以看出,牵引电机1的输出端连接至变速器的第一动力输入轴2,在该轴上设置有牵引电机主动齿轮9,该牵引电机主动齿轮9与牵引电机从动齿轮10常啮合,而牵引电机从动齿轮10固定设置在第一中间轴3上。在第一中间轴3上与牵引电机从动齿轮10并排设置的是第一中间轴主动齿轮11,该第一中间轴主动齿轮11与差速器输入齿轮12连接,由此来自牵引电机1的动力能够通过两级齿轮传动连接到差速器8,并最终能够驱动车辆行驶。
牵引电机主动齿轮9可以设置成齿轮轴的形式,也可以设置成固定连接在轴上的齿轮的形式,例如通过花键连接、焊接等方式来使得能够与轴一体旋转。
在此,第一中间轴主动齿轮11与差速器输入齿轮12构成车辆的主减速器。也就是说,第一中间轴主动齿轮11又被称为主减速器主动齿轮,而差速器输入齿轮12又被称为主减速器从动齿轮。
作为一种具体的实施方式,如图1所示,牵引电机主动齿轮9与牵引电机从动齿轮10组成的齿轮副在轴向上比第一中间轴主动齿轮11与差速器输入齿轮12更加远离牵引电机1。
在图1中,上半部分示出了内燃机4的动力传递路线。内燃机4的输出端连接至变速器的第二动力输入轴6,在该轴的远端固定设置有发电机主动齿轮18,该发电机主动齿轮18与固定连接在发电机轴上的发电机从动齿轮17常啮合连接,从而内燃机4能够通过发电机主动齿轮18与发电机从动齿轮17带动发电机19工作,从而例如为电池(未示出)充电。
在第二动力输入轴6上,还设置有双离合器5。进一步地,在第二动力输入轴6上,还空套有两根轴,在这两根轴上分别设置有一挡主动齿轮13和二挡主动齿轮15,并且一挡主动齿轮13和二挡主动齿轮15各自与双离合器5中的一个连接,从而能够分别通过双离合器5与第二动力输入轴6一体旋转。
作为一种具体的实施方式,从图1中可以看出,一挡主动齿轮13所在的空心轴设置在二挡主动齿轮15所在的空心轴的径向外侧。进一步地,一挡主动齿轮13在轴向上可以设置在二挡主动齿轮15与双离合器5之间。一挡主动齿轮13和二挡主动齿轮15以及双离合器5可以设置在发电机主动齿轮18与发电机从动齿轮17和内燃机4之间。
在差速器8与第二动力输入轴6之间,还设置有第二中间轴7。在第二中间轴7上,分别固定设置有与一挡主动齿轮13常啮合的一挡从动齿轮14,以及与二挡主动齿轮15常啮合连接的二挡从动齿轮16。此外,在第二中间轴7上还设置有第二中间轴主动齿轮,该第二中间轴主动齿轮同样可以作为主减速器的主动齿轮来与主减速器从动齿轮12啮合,从而驱动差速器8旋转。
由此,能够通过一挡主动齿轮13和一挡从动齿轮14组成的一挡齿轮副以及由二挡主动齿轮15和二挡从动齿轮16组成的二挡齿轮副来实现第二动力输入轴6与第二中间轴7的动力连接;能够通过固连于第二中间轴7上的第二中间轴主动齿轮与差速器输入齿轮12的啮合,实现第二中间轴7与差速器8的动力连接;从而将来自内燃机4的动力传递至差速器8,最终驱动车辆行驶。
以上已经对本发明的变速器的结构进行了说明。下面对本发明的变速器的工作模式进行说明。具体地,本发明的变速器可以具有以下工作模式:
1)纯电动模式
牵引电机1作为第一动力源输入动力,动力传递路线为:牵引电机1→第一动力输入轴2→牵引电机主动齿轮9→牵引电机从动齿轮10→第一中间轴3→第一中间轴主动齿轮11→主减速器从动齿轮12→差速器8。
2)纯内燃机驱动模式
①内燃机4作为第二动力源动力输入的第一挡位,传递路线为:内燃机4→第二动力输入轴6→双离合器5→一挡主动齿轮13→一挡从动齿轮14→第二中间轴7→第二中间轴主动齿轮→差速器输入齿轮12→差速器8。
②内燃机4作为第二动力源动力输入的第二挡位,传递路线为:内燃机4→第二动力输入轴6→双离合器5→二挡主动齿轮15→二挡从动齿轮16→第二中间轴7→第二中间轴主动齿轮→差速器输入齿轮12→差速器8。
3)混合动力源驱动模式
①纯电动模式加纯内燃机驱动模式的第一挡位。
②纯电动模式加纯内燃机驱动模式的第二挡位。
4)增程模式
牵引电机1、内燃机4同时输入,传递路线为:牵引电机1→第一动力输入轴2→牵引电机主动齿轮9→牵引电机从动齿轮10→第一中间轴3→第一中间轴主动齿轮11→主减速器从动齿轮12→差速器8,同时内燃机4→第二动力输入轴6→发电机主动齿轮18→发电机从动齿轮17→发电机19,双离合器5的两个离合器均不接合。
5)驻车发电模式
驻车时,内燃机4输入,传递路线为:内燃机4→第二动力输入轴6→发电机主动齿轮18→发电机从动齿轮17→发电机19。
上文描述的仅仅是有关本发明的精神和原理的示例性实施方式。本领域技术人员可以明白,在不背离所述精神和原理的前提下,可以对所描述的示例做出各种变化,这些变化及其各种等同方式均被本发明人所预想到,并落入由本发明的权利要求所限定的范围内。
Claims (10)
1.一种变速器,包括:
第一动力输入轴,用于接收来自第一动力源的动力;
第二动力输入轴,用于接收来自第二动力源的动力;
输出轴,用于将动力输出至车轮,并且所述输出轴能够分别或者同时接收来自第一动力源、第二动力源的动力;
其特征在于,还包括:
双离合器,设置在所述第二动力输入轴上,并且在所述第二动力输入轴与所述输出轴之间存在至少两个挡位。
2.根据权利要求1所述的变速器,其特征在于,
在所述第二动力输入轴上空套有两根轴,在这两根轴上分别设置有一挡主动齿轮和二挡主动齿轮,一挡主动齿轮和二挡主动齿轮各自能够与双离合器中的一个连接,从而能够分别通过双离合器与第二动力输入轴一体旋转。
3.根据权利要求2所述的变速器,其特征在于,
所述第一动力源是牵引电机;所述第二动力源是内燃机。
4.根据权利要求1-3中任一项所述的变速器,其特征在于,所述变速器还包括:
第一中间轴,设置在所述第一动力输入轴与所述输出轴之间;
第二中间轴,设置在所述第二动力输入轴与所述输出轴之间。
5.根据权利要求4所述的变速器,其特征在于,
在所述第一中间轴上设置有第一中间轴主动齿轮和第一中间轴从动齿轮,分别与第一动力输入轴上的齿轮以及差速器输入齿轮啮合。
6.根据权利要求5所述的变速器,其特征在于,
所述第一中间轴主动齿轮与差速器输入齿轮构成车辆的主减速器。
7.根据权利要求5或6所述的变速器,其特征在于,
第一动力输入轴上的齿轮与第一中间轴从动齿轮组成的齿轮副在轴向上比第一中间轴主动齿轮与差速器输入齿轮更加远离第一动力源。
8.根据权利要求1-3中任一项所述的变速器,其特征在于,
第二动力输入轴的远离所述第一动力源的一端设置有齿轮,该齿轮能够通过齿轮传动来带动发电机工作。
9.根据权利要求4所述的变速器,其特征在于,
在所述第二中间轴上固定设置有与一挡主动齿轮常啮合的一挡从动齿轮、与二挡主动齿轮常啮合连接的二挡从动齿轮以及与差速器输入齿轮啮合的齿轮。
10.一种用于运行根据权利要求1-9中任一项所述的变速器的方法,其特征在于,按照下述方法来运行所述变速器:
当只有第一动力输入轴接收动力时,使来自第一动力输入轴的动力传递至差速器;
当只有第二动力输入轴接收动力时,使来自第二动力输入轴的动力通过一挡或者二挡来传递动力以驱动车辆行驶;并选择性地使第二动力输入轴带动发电机工作;
当同时存在来自第一动力源和第二动力源的动力时,使来自第二动力输入轴的动力通过一挡或者二挡来传递动力以驱动车辆行驶,同时使第一动力输入轴驱动车辆行驶。
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