CN113977200A - Guide rail processing method and special boring bar - Google Patents
Guide rail processing method and special boring bar Download PDFInfo
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- CN113977200A CN113977200A CN202111305694.6A CN202111305694A CN113977200A CN 113977200 A CN113977200 A CN 113977200A CN 202111305694 A CN202111305694 A CN 202111305694A CN 113977200 A CN113977200 A CN 113977200A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
- B23P15/00—Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23B—TURNING; BORING
- B23B29/00—Holders for non-rotary cutting tools; Boring bars or boring heads; Accessories for tool holders
- B23B29/02—Boring bars
- B23B29/022—Boring bars with vibration reducing means
Abstract
The invention provides a guide rail processing method and a special boring bar, which comprises the following steps: roughly machining a workpiece and reserving a first machining allowance; carrying out first heat treatment and first time effect treatment on the roughly machined workpiece; one end of the first semi-finish machining workpiece, which is close to the push plate, and the piston hole are reserved with a second machining allowance; carrying out second heat treatment and second aging treatment; one end of the second semi-finish machining workpiece, which is close to the push plate, and the piston hole are reserved with a third machining allowance; carrying out third heat treatment and third aging treatment; pressing two sides of the workpiece and processing the bottom surface; fixing the processed bottom surface on the equal-height blocks, and finely processing the bottom surfaces of the guide rail slideway and the push plate; processing the top of the piston hole; positioning by taking the bottom surface and the side surface after finish machining as references, and finely boring a piston hole; and (5) cleaning and deburring and then checking. The method ensures the drawing size requirement and the form and position tolerance of a product by controlling the machining thermal deformation, controlling the deformation of a workpiece caused by external force intervention and controlling the vibration generated in the machining through a special boring bar.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of workpiece processing, in particular to a guide rail processing method and a special boring bar.
Background
In recent years, with the continuous update of new products and new designs, the number of special-shaped parts is increased, the processing requirements are also increased, the processing difficulty is increased, and the traditional processing technology is difficult to keep up with the requirements of the design technology of the new products. Therefore, the conventional and bold innovation is needed to be broken through, and new processing technical means are continuously updated to meet the requirements of new products and new designs. The conventional processing method has the following difficulties.
The thin and long guide rail parts with thin walls are machined, the integral walls are thin, the guide rail parts are very easy to deform and bend in the machining process, and the requirements of the final machining size and the tolerance of the model position are easily influenced.
The thin-wall guide rail part is deformed by heat, the whole wall of the thin-wall guide rail part is thin, and the thin-wall guide rail part is very easy to deform and difficult to control once affected by high temperature.
The vibration deformation is easy to cause the deformation and bending of the parts under the condition of heavy cutting or vibration in the process of machining the guide rail parts, and the final dimensional accuracy and the form and position tolerance accuracy are directly influenced.
The machining of the long and thin guide rail part has the characteristics of large proportion of length to width and height, poor rigidity and easy influence of clamping force and self gravity.
The present application is directed to a process that solves the above problems.
Patent document CN106282502B discloses a processing technique of a micro guide rail, which can improve the wear resistance of the guide rail and does not cause brittle fracture. The method comprises the following steps: (1) spheroidizing degradation of round steel, wherein the round steel is bearing steel; (2) the acid washing process comprises the following steps: performing acid washing on the product obtained in the step (1) to remove an oxide layer on the surface of the product; (3) and a drawing forming step, wherein the micro guide rail is drilled after the drawing forming step.
The thin-wall part is machined in the prior art in a local quenching mode of the induction coil, the operation mode is inconvenient, the cost is high, the machining precision is not high, and the problem of existing machining deformation cannot be accurately solved.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a guide rail machining method and a special boring bar.
The invention provides a guide rail machining method, which comprises the following steps:
step S1, roughly machining the workpiece and reserving a first machining allowance;
step S2, carrying out first heat treatment and first time effect treatment on the roughly machined workpiece;
step S3, performing first semi-finish machining on one end, close to the push plate, of the workpiece and the piston hole, and reserving a second machining allowance;
step S4, performing a second heat treatment and a second aging treatment;
step S5, performing second semi-finishing on one end of the workpiece close to the push plate and the piston hole and reserving a third machining allowance;
step S6, carrying out third heat treatment and third aging treatment;
step S7, pressing the two sides of the workpiece and processing the bottom surface;
step S8, fixing the processed bottom surface on an equal-height block, and finely processing a guide rail slide way and the bottom surface of the push plate;
step S9, processing the top of the piston;
step S10, positioning by taking the bottom surface and the side surface after finish machining as references, and finely boring the piston hole;
and step S11, cleaning and checking after deburring.
Preferably, in step S1, the first allowance is set to be one side of 5 mm.
Preferably, in step S2, the straightness of the workpiece after the first heat treatment is 1mm or less.
Preferably, in step S3, the first cutting depth of the first semi-finishing of the workpiece near one end of the push plate is less than or equal to 0.5mm, the first cutting speed is less than or equal to 600mm/min, the first spindle rotation speed is set to 800r/min, and the first cutting heat is less than or equal to 300 ℃;
when the piston hole is subjected to first semi-finish machining, the second cutting depth is less than or equal to 0.5mm, the second cutting speed is less than or equal to 200mm/min, the rotating speed of a second main shaft is set to be 500r/min, and the second cutting heat is less than or equal to 300 ℃;
and the second machining allowance is set to be unilateral larger than or equal to 2 mm.
Preferably, in step S5, the workpiece is subjected to second semi-finishing with a third cutting depth of 0.5mm or less when approaching one end of the push plate, a third cutting speed of 400mm/min or less, a third spindle rotation speed of 600r/min and a third cutting heat of 200 ℃ or less;
when the piston hole is subjected to second semi-finish machining, the fourth cutting depth is less than or equal to 0.5mm, the fourth cutting speed is less than or equal to 100mm/min, the rotating speed of a fourth main shaft is set to be 350r/min, and the fourth cutting heat is less than or equal to 200 ℃;
and the third machining allowance is set to be a single side larger than or equal to 0.5 mm.
Preferably, in step S7, the bottom surface is machined by setting a fifth cutting depth of 0.2mm or less, a fifth cutting speed of 300mm/min or less, a fifth spindle rotation speed of 500r/min, and a fifth cutting heat of 200 ℃ or less.
Preferably, in step S8, the sixth cutting depth is set to 0.2mm or less, the sixth cutting speed is set to 200mm/min or less, the sixth spindle rotation speed is set to 500r/min, and the sixth cutting heat is set to 200 ℃ or less.
Preferably, in step S9, the seventh cutting depth is set to 0.2mm or less, the seventh cutting speed is set to 200mm/min or less, the seventh spindle rotation speed is set to 500r/min, and the seventh cutting heat is set to 200 ℃ or less.
Preferably, in step S10, the eighth cutting depth is set to 0.2mm or less, the eighth cutting speed is set to 80mm/min or less, the eighth spindle rotation speed is set to 800r/min, and the eighth cutting heat is set to 200 ℃ or less at the time of fine boring.
Preferably, the special boring bar of the guide rail processing method comprises the following steps: the tool bar comprises a tool bar body, a damping ejector rod, a spring, a tool apron and a tool bit;
a cavity is arranged in the cutter bar body, and the damping ejector rod is arranged in the cavity;
one end of the cutter bar body is provided with the cutter holder through a fastening screw, and the spring is arranged between the damping ejector rod and the cutter holder;
the tool apron is provided with the tool bit.
Preferably, the bottom surface flatness is 0.1mm or less.
Preferably, when the length of the piston hole is less than or equal to 1300mm, the wall thickness of the piston hole is set to a tolerance of 3mm +/-0.1 mm.
Preferably, when the length of the piston hole is less than or equal to 1300mm, the straightness of the piston hole is less than or equal to 0.1mm, and the surface roughness of the piston hole is set to 1.6.
Preferably, when the length of the guide rail slideway is less than or equal to 2450mm, the parallelism of the guide rail slideway relative to the piston hole is less than or equal to 0.1 mm.
Preferably, when the length of the push plate is less than or equal to 1200mm, the flatness of the bottom of the push plate is less than or equal to 0.1 mm.
Preferably, a small hole is arranged in the piston hole, and when the length of the piston hole is smaller than or equal to 1300mm, the coaxiality of the small hole and the piston hole is smaller than or equal to 0.03 mm.
Preferably, the cutter bar body and the damping ejector rod are made of different materials, and the damping ejector rod is made of hard alloy.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the method ensures the drawing size requirement and the form and position tolerance of a product by controlling the machining thermal deformation, controlling the deformation of a workpiece caused by external force intervention and controlling the vibration generated in the machining through a special boring bar.
Drawings
Other features, objects and advantages of the invention will become more apparent upon reading of the detailed description of non-limiting embodiments with reference to the following drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a special boring bar;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a guide rail structure;
shown in the figure:
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to specific examples. The following examples will assist those skilled in the art in further understanding the invention, but are not intended to limit the invention in any way. It should be noted that it would be obvious to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications can be made without departing from the spirit of the invention. All falling within the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 2, a method for processing a guide rail includes the following steps: step S1, roughly machining the workpiece and reserving a first machining allowance; step S2, carrying out first heat treatment and first time effect treatment on the roughly machined workpiece; step S3, reserving a second machining allowance for one end of the first semi-finish machining workpiece close to the push plate 10 and the piston hole 9; step S4, performing a second heat treatment and a second aging treatment; step S5, reserving a third machining allowance for one end of the second semi-finish machining workpiece close to the push plate 10 and the piston hole 9; step S6, carrying out third heat treatment and third aging treatment; step S7, pressing both sides of the workpiece and machining the bottom surface 8; step S8, fixing the processed bottom surface 8 on the equal-height blocks, and finishing the bottom surfaces of the guide rail slideway 7 and the push plate 10; step S9, processing the top of the piston; step S10, positioning by taking the bottom surface 8 and the side surface after finish machining as references, and finely boring the piston hole 9; and step S11, cleaning and checking after deburring.
In step S1, the first machining allowance is set to one side of 5 mm. In step S2, the workpiece has undergone the first heat treatment and has a straightness of 1mm or less. In step S3, when the first semi-finishing workpiece is close to one end of the push plate 10, the first cutting depth is less than or equal to 0.5mm, the first cutting speed is less than or equal to 600mm/min, the rotating speed of the first main shaft is set to be 800r/min, and the first cutting heat is less than or equal to 300 ℃; when the piston hole 9 is subjected to first semi-finish machining, the second cutting depth is less than or equal to 0.5mm, the second cutting speed is less than or equal to 200mm/min, the rotating speed of a second main shaft is set to be 500r/min, and the second cutting heat is less than or equal to 300 ℃; the second machining allowance is set to be unilateral larger than or equal to 2 mm. In step S5, when the second semi-finishing workpiece is close to one end of the push plate 10, the third cutting depth is less than or equal to 0.5mm, the third cutting speed is less than or equal to 400mm/min, the rotating speed of a third main shaft is set to be 600r/min, and the third cutting heat is less than or equal to 200 ℃; when the piston hole 9 is subjected to second semi-finish machining, the fourth cutting depth is less than or equal to 0.5mm, the fourth cutting speed is less than or equal to 100mm/min, the rotating speed of a fourth main shaft is set to be 350r/min, and the fourth cutting heat is less than or equal to 200 ℃; the third machining allowance is set to be a single side larger than or equal to 0.5 mm. In step S7, the bottom surface 8 is machined at a fifth cutting depth of 0.2mm or less, a fifth cutting speed of 300mm/min or less, a fifth spindle speed of 500r/min, and a fifth cutting heat of 200 ℃ or less. In step S8, the sixth cutting depth is set to 0.2mm or less, the sixth cutting speed is set to 200mm/min or less, the sixth spindle rotation speed is set to 500r/min, and the sixth cutting heat is set to 200 ℃ or less. In step S9, a seventh cutting depth is set to 0.2mm or less, a seventh cutting speed is set to 200mm/min or less, a seventh spindle rotation speed is set to 500r/min, and a seventh cutting heat is set to 200 ℃ or less. In step S10, the eighth cutting depth is set to 0.2mm or less, the eighth cutting speed is set to 80mm/min or less, the eighth spindle rotation speed is set to 800r/min, and the eighth cutting heat is set to 200 ℃ or less during finish boring.
As shown in fig. 1, a special boring bar includes: the tool comprises a tool bar body 1, a damping ejector rod 2, a spring 3, a tool apron 4 and a tool bit 5; set up the cavity in the cutter arbor body 1, installation shock attenuation ejector pin 2 in the cavity, cutter holder 4 is installed through fastening screw 6 to 1 one end of cutter arbor body, sets up spring 3 between shock attenuation ejector pin 2 and the cutter holder 4, installs tool bit 5 on the cutter holder 4.
The processing method and the special boring bar in the embodiment can be also expanded to be used for extra thin-wall parts and long and thin hole parts.
Example 2
Example 2 is a preferred example of example 1.
As shown in fig. 2, a method for processing a guide rail includes the following steps:
and step S1, cutting most of allowance during rough machining, and roughly machining all parts to leave a first machining allowance of 5mm on one side.
Step S2, and then the first heat treatment is performed.
And step S3, ensuring that the integral straightness of the guide rail is less than or equal to 1mm after the first heat treatment.
And step S4, performing first time effect treatment to ensure that the material structure of the workpiece is uniform.
Step S5, the first cutting depth is less than or equal to 0.5mm at the end where the first semi-finishing guide rail push plate 10 is located, the first cutting speed is less than or equal to 600mm/min, the rotating speed of the first main shaft is set to be 800r/min, and the first cutting heat is less than or equal to 300 ℃. The pressing mode adopts a fixed one-to-one pressing plate, so that the workpiece is not influenced by external force. And in the first half of fine machining, the second machining allowance of all machining parts is set to be unilateral larger than or equal to 2 mm.
And in the step S6, when the phi 90 and the phi 40 piston holes 9 are processed in the first semi-finishing mode, the processing parameters adopt that the second cutting depth is less than or equal to 0.5mm, the second cutting speed is less than or equal to 200mm/min, the rotating speed of a second main shaft is set to be 500r/min, and the second cutting heat is less than or equal to 300 ℃. Similarly, the second machining allowance is set to be one side more than or equal to 2 mm.
And step S7, performing second heat treatment and second aging treatment to eliminate machining stress and thermal deformation.
Step S8, performing secondary semi-finishing on all parts to be machined at one end of the guide rail push plate 10, wherein the third cutting depth is required to be less than or equal to 0.5mm, the third cutting speed is required to be less than or equal to 400mm/min, the rotating speed of a third main shaft is set to be 600r/min, and the third cutting heat is required to be less than or equal to 200 ℃. And reserving a third machining allowance to set the single side to be more than or equal to 0.5 mm.
And S9, performing secondary semi-finishing on the phi 90 and the phi 40 piston hole 9, wherein the fourth cutting depth adopted as the machining parameters is less than or equal to 0.5mm, the fourth cutting speed is less than or equal to 100mm/min, the rotating speed of a fourth main shaft is set to be 350r/min, and the fourth cutting heat is less than or equal to 200 ℃. And a third machining allowance is set to be a single side larger than or equal to 0.5 mm.
And step S10, carrying out third heat treatment and third aging treatment to eliminate machining stress and thermal deformation.
Step S11, processing the bottom surface 8 of the guide rail to the size of the drawing by adopting a fastening mode of the pressing plates on the two sides, setting the fifth cutting depth to be less than or equal to 0.2mm, setting the fifth cutting speed to be less than or equal to 300mm/min, setting the rotating speed of a fifth main shaft to be 500r/min, and setting the fifth cutting heat to be less than or equal to 200 ℃.
Step S12, the machined bottom surface 8 is mounted on the equal-height block and fixed, and aligned and pressed with one side surface as a reference. And (3) finely machining the bottom surfaces of the guide rail slideway 7, the push plate 10 and other parts needing to be machined to the drawing size, wherein the machining parameters adopt that the sixth cutting depth is less than or equal to 0.2mm, the sixth cutting speed is less than or equal to 200mm/min, the rotating speed of a sixth main shaft is set to be 500r/min, and the sixth cutting heat is less than or equal to 200 ℃.
And step S13, machining the top of the piston, wherein the machining parameters adopt that the seventh cutting depth is less than or equal to 0.2mm, the seventh cutting speed is less than or equal to 200mm/min, the rotating speed of a seventh main shaft is set to be 500r/min, and the seventh cutting heat is less than or equal to 200 ℃ at the position of 3mm wall thickness of the piston.
And step S14, positioning by taking the finished bottom surface 8 and side surface as reference, and finely boring the phi 90 and phi 40 piston hole 9 to the size of the drawing. The processing parameters adopt that the eighth cutting depth is less than or equal to 0.2mm, the eighth cutting speed is less than or equal to 80mm/min, the rotating speed of an eighth main shaft is set to be 800r/min, and the eighth cutting heat is less than or equal to 200 ℃.
And step S15, cleaning and deburring, and performing upper machine table printing and inspection.
The flatness of the bottom surface 8 is less than or equal to 0.1 mm. When the length of the piston hole 9 is less than or equal to 1300mm, the wall thickness of the piston hole 9 is set to have a tolerance of 3mm +/-0.1 mm. When the length of the piston hole 9 is less than or equal to 1300mm, the straightness of the piston hole 9 is less than or equal to 0.1mm, and the surface roughness of the piston hole 9 is set to 1.6. When the length of the guide rail slideway 7 is less than or equal to 2450mm, the parallelism of the guide rail slideway 7 relative to the piston hole 9 is less than or equal to 0.1 mm. When the length of the push plate 10 is less than or equal to 1200mm, the flatness of the bottom of the push plate 10 is less than or equal to 0.1 mm. The inside of the piston hole 9 is provided with a small hole, and when the length of the piston hole 9 is less than or equal to 1300mm, the coaxiality of the small hole and the piston hole 9 is less than or equal to 0.03 mm.
As shown in fig. 1, a special boring bar includes: the tool bar comprises a tool bar body 1, a damping ejector rod 2, a spring 3, a tool apron 4, a tool bit 5 and a fastening screw 6.
The inside of the cutter bar body 1 is provided with a hard alloy damping ejector rod 2 and a spring 3, the cutter holder 4 is connected with the cutter bar body 1 through a fastening screw 6, and the cutter holder 4 is provided with an interface for installing an adjustable cutter head 5. Because the material proportion of the cutter bar body 1 is different from that of the inner damping ejector rod 2, the characteristic that the vibration frequencies of the cutter bar body 1 and the damping ejector rod 2 are different is utilized to play a damping role.
In the description of the present application, it is to be understood that the terms "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience in describing the present application and simplifying the description, but do not indicate or imply that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed in a specific orientation, and be operated, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present application.
The foregoing description of specific embodiments of the present invention has been presented. It is to be understood that the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments described above, and that various changes or modifications may be made by one skilled in the art within the scope of the appended claims without departing from the spirit of the invention. The embodiments and features of the embodiments of the present application may be combined with each other arbitrarily without conflict.
Claims (10)
1. A guide rail machining method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step S1, roughly machining the workpiece and reserving a first machining allowance;
step S2, carrying out first heat treatment and first time effect treatment on the roughly machined workpiece;
step S3, performing first semi-finish machining on one end, close to the push plate (10), of the workpiece and the piston hole (9) and reserving a second machining allowance;
step S4, performing a second heat treatment and a second aging treatment;
step S5, performing second semi-finishing on one end of the workpiece close to the push plate (10) and the piston hole (9) and reserving a third machining allowance;
step S6, carrying out third heat treatment and third aging treatment;
step S7, pressing two sides of the workpiece and processing a bottom surface (8);
step S8, fixing the processed bottom surface (8) on an equal-height block, and finishing the bottom surfaces of the guide rail slide way (7) and the push plate (10);
step S9, processing the top of the piston;
step S10, positioning by taking the bottom surface (8) and the side surface after finish machining as references, and finely boring the piston hole (9);
and step S11, cleaning and checking after deburring.
2. The guide rail processing method according to claim 1, wherein: in step S1, the first machining allowance is set to one side of 5 mm.
3. The guide rail processing method according to claim 1, wherein: in step S2, the straightness of the workpiece after the first heat treatment is 1mm or less.
4. The guide rail processing method according to claim 1, wherein: in step S3, when the workpiece is subjected to first semi-finishing, the first cutting depth is less than or equal to 0.5mm when the workpiece is close to one end of the push plate (10), the first cutting speed is less than or equal to 600mm/min, the rotating speed of a first main shaft is set to be 800r/min, and the first cutting heat is less than or equal to 300 ℃;
when the piston hole (9) is subjected to first semi-finish machining, the second cutting depth is less than or equal to 0.5mm, the second cutting speed is less than or equal to 200mm/min, the rotating speed of a second main shaft is set to be 500r/min, and the second cutting heat is less than or equal to 300 ℃;
and the second machining allowance is set to be unilateral larger than or equal to 2 mm.
5. The guide rail processing method according to claim 1, wherein: in step S5, when the workpiece is subjected to second semi-finishing, the third cutting depth is less than or equal to 0.5mm when the workpiece is close to one end of the push plate (10), the third cutting speed is less than or equal to 400mm/min, the rotating speed of a third main shaft is set to be 600r/min, and the third cutting heat is less than or equal to 200 ℃;
when the piston hole (9) is subjected to second semi-finish machining, the fourth cutting depth is less than or equal to 0.5mm, the fourth cutting speed is less than or equal to 100mm/min, the rotating speed of a fourth main shaft is set to be 350r/min, and the fourth cutting heat is less than or equal to 200 ℃;
and the third machining allowance is set to be a single side larger than or equal to 0.5 mm.
6. The guide rail processing method according to claim 1, wherein: in step S7, a fifth cutting depth of 0.2mm or less, a fifth cutting speed of 300mm/min or less, a fifth spindle speed of 500r/min, and a fifth cutting heat of 200 ℃ or less are set when the bottom surface (8) is machined.
7. The guide rail processing method according to claim 1, wherein: in step S8, the sixth cutting depth is set to 0.2mm or less, the sixth cutting speed is set to 200mm/min or less, the sixth spindle rotation speed is set to 500r/min, and the sixth cutting heat is set to 200 ℃ or less.
8. The guide rail processing method according to claim 1, wherein: in step S9, a seventh cutting depth is set to 0.2mm or less, a seventh cutting speed is set to 200mm/min or less, a seventh spindle rotation speed is set to 500r/min, and a seventh cutting heat is set to 200 ℃ or less.
9. The guide rail processing method according to claim 1, wherein: in step S10, the eighth cutting depth is set to 0.2mm or less, the eighth cutting speed is set to 80mm/min or less, the eighth spindle rotation speed is set to 800r/min, and the eighth cutting heat is set to 200 ℃ or less during finish boring.
10. The special boring bar for the guide rail processing method of claim 9, comprising: the tool bar comprises a tool bar body (1), a damping ejector rod (2), a spring (3), a tool apron (4) and a tool bit (5);
a cavity is arranged in the cutter bar body (1), and the damping ejector rod (2) is arranged in the cavity;
one end of the cutter bar body (1) is provided with the cutter holder (4) through a fastening screw (6), and the spring (3) is arranged between the damping ejector rod (2) and the cutter holder (4);
the tool apron (4) is provided with the tool bit (5).
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