CN113976815A - Spherical sand for casting and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Spherical sand for casting and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN113976815A CN113976815A CN202111157722.4A CN202111157722A CN113976815A CN 113976815 A CN113976815 A CN 113976815A CN 202111157722 A CN202111157722 A CN 202111157722A CN 113976815 A CN113976815 A CN 113976815A
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- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 64
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 64
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 10
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 87
- BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[Ca+2] BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000000292 calcium oxide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Inorganic materials [Ca]=O ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229910001570 bauxite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 37
- KKCBUQHMOMHUOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[Na+].[Na+] KKCBUQHMOMHUOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 28
- 229910001948 sodium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 28
- 235000008733 Citrus aurantifolia Nutrition 0.000 claims description 25
- 235000011941 Tilia x europaea Nutrition 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000004571 lime Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000010891 electric arc Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 235000012255 calcium oxide Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 238000007873 sieving Methods 0.000 description 3
- UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron oxide Chemical compound [Fe]=O UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003795 desorption Methods 0.000 description 1
- KZHJGOXRZJKJNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O KZHJGOXRZJKJNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium oxide Inorganic materials [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[Mg+2] AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052863 mullite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005453 pelletization Methods 0.000 description 1
- CHWRSCGUEQEHOH-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[K+].[K+] CHWRSCGUEQEHOH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001950 potassium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004062 sedimentation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22C—FOUNDRY MOULDING
- B22C1/00—Compositions of refractory mould or core materials; Grain structures thereof; Chemical or physical features in the formation or manufacture of moulds
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2/00—Processes or devices for granulating materials, e.g. fertilisers in general; Rendering particulate materials free flowing in general, e.g. making them hydrophobic
- B01J2/02—Processes or devices for granulating materials, e.g. fertilisers in general; Rendering particulate materials free flowing in general, e.g. making them hydrophobic by dividing the liquid material into drops, e.g. by spraying, and solidifying the drops
- B01J2/04—Processes or devices for granulating materials, e.g. fertilisers in general; Rendering particulate materials free flowing in general, e.g. making them hydrophobic by dividing the liquid material into drops, e.g. by spraying, and solidifying the drops in a gaseous medium
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22C—FOUNDRY MOULDING
- B22C5/00—Machines or devices specially designed for dressing or handling the mould material so far as specially adapted for that purpose
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22C—FOUNDRY MOULDING
- B22C5/00—Machines or devices specially designed for dressing or handling the mould material so far as specially adapted for that purpose
- B22C5/06—Machines or devices specially designed for dressing or handling the mould material so far as specially adapted for that purpose by sieving or magnetic separating
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mold Materials And Core Materials (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of spherical sand for casting, and discloses spherical sand for casting and a preparation method thereof. The spherical sand for casting comprises 60 to 75 weight parts of alumina, 15 to 30 weight parts of silica, 0.5 to 8.5 weight parts of calcium oxide and 2 to 10 weight parts of impurities; the sphericity of the spherical sand for casting is more than or equal to 0.9, the surface porosity is less than or equal to 2 percent, and the casting hardness is more than or equal to 75. The spherical sand for casting provided by the invention has the advantages of good sphericity, large casting hardness and low surface porosity, and can effectively ensure the smoothness and dimensional accuracy of a casting when used in casting.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of spherical sand for casting, in particular to spherical sand for casting and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The spherical sand for casting is generally prepared by blowing, pelletizing and screening a light-burned and dewatered bauxite ore into an electric arc furnace in a molten state. The spherical sand for casting prepared by the method has the advantages of uneven granularity and sphericity, high surface porosity, small casting hardness and poor wear resistance, and can not effectively ensure the smoothness and the dimensional accuracy of a casting when used in casting.
Therefore, it is desired to provide a spherical sand for casting having a good sphericity, a low surface porosity and a large mold hardness, and a method for producing the same.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems of uneven granularity and sphericity, high surface porosity, small casting hardness, poor wear resistance and the like of the spherical sand for casting in the prior art, and provides the spherical sand for casting and a preparation method thereof.
In order to achieve the above object, a first aspect of the present invention provides spherical foundry sand comprising 60 to 75 parts by weight of alumina, 15 to 30 parts by weight of silica, 0.5 to 8.5 parts by weight of calcia, and 2 to 10 parts by weight of impurities; the sphericity of the spherical sand for casting is more than or equal to 0.9, the surface porosity is less than or equal to 2%, and the casting hardness is more than or equal to 75N.
The invention provides a preparation method of spherical sand for casting, which comprises the following steps: mixing bauxite powder, white lime and sodium oxide, then carrying out electric arc melting and blowing, and then screening to obtain the spherical sand for casting; wherein the mass ratio of the bauxite powder to the white lime to the sodium oxide is 100: 1-3: 3-7.
Through the technical scheme, the invention has the following beneficial technical effects:
1) the spherical sand for casting provided by the invention has the advantages of good sphericity, large casting hardness and low surface porosity, and can effectively ensure the smoothness and dimensional accuracy of a casting when used in casting;
2) according to the preparation method of the spherical sand for casting, provided by the invention, by adding the white lime and the sodium oxide in a specific mass ratio, the high-quality spherical sand for casting is obtained, and meanwhile, the screening rate of the spherical sand for casting is improved;
3) the preparation method of the spherical sand for casting provided by the invention is simple in process and suitable for industrial popularization.
Detailed Description
The endpoints of the ranges and any values disclosed herein are not limited to the precise range or value, and such ranges or values should be understood to encompass values close to those ranges or values. For ranges of values, between the endpoints of each of the ranges and the individual points, and between the individual points may be combined with each other to give one or more new ranges of values, and these ranges of values should be considered as specifically disclosed herein.
The first aspect of the present invention provides spherical sand for foundry, wherein the spherical sand for foundry comprises 60 to 75 parts by weight of alumina, 15 to 30 parts by weight of silica, 0.5 to 8.5 parts by weight of calcium oxide and 2 to 10 parts by weight of impurities; the sphericity of the spherical sand for casting is more than or equal to 0.9, the surface porosity is less than or equal to 2%, and the casting hardness is more than or equal to 75N.
Wherein, in the present invention, the contents of the respective components in the spherical sand for casting are based on 100 parts by weight in total.
In a preferred embodiment, the foundry spherical sand comprises: 66-72 parts by weight of alumina, 20-23 parts by weight of silica, 1-4 parts by weight of calcium oxide and 4-8.5 parts by weight of impurities; further preferably, 68 to 70 parts by weight of alumina, 21 to 22 parts by weight of silica, 1.5 to 2.9 parts by weight of calcium oxide and 7 to 7.5 parts by weight of impurities.
In a preferred embodiment, the sphericity of the foundry ball-shaped sand is from 0.9 to 0.99, preferably from 0.96 to 0.98; the surface porosity is 1-2%, preferably 1.1-1.3%; the mold hardness is 80-90, preferably 87-88.
A second aspect of the present invention provides a method for preparing spherical sand for casting, the method comprising: mixing bauxite powder, white lime and sodium oxide, then carrying out electric arc melting and blowing, and then screening to obtain the spherical sand for casting; wherein the mass ratio of the bauxite powder to the white lime to the sodium oxide is 100: 1-3: 3-7.
The addition of lime to prepare spherical foundry sand is helpful in improving the hardness and wear resistance of the spherical foundry sand, but the addition of lime affects the formation of the glass phase of the spherical foundry sand, resulting in an increase in porosity. The addition of a small amount of sodium oxide can play a role in retaining silicon, so that the porosity of the spherical sand for casting is reduced, the smoothness is improved, but the sodium oxide can also cause unbalance of a mullite phase and a glass phase of the spherical sand for casting, and the strength and the wear resistance of the spherical sand are reduced.
The inventor of the invention researches and discovers that although sodium oxide does not enter the spherical sand for casting, a certain proportion of white lime and sodium oxide are added simultaneously when the spherical sand for casting is prepared, and the white lime and the sodium oxide interact with each other, so that the surface porosity of the spherical sand for casting can be reduced on the premise of improving the hardness, the wear resistance and the sphericity of the spherical sand for casting, and the spherical sand for casting with high quality, which can effectively ensure the smoothness and the dimensional accuracy of a casting when used in casting, can be obtained.
In a preferred embodiment, the method for preparing the bauxite powder comprises crushing and calcining bauxite to obtain the bauxite powder.
In a preferred embodiment, the bauxite comprises 60 to 75 parts by weight of alumina, 15 to 30 parts by weight of silica, 2 to 10 parts by weight of impurities and 5 to 15 parts by weight of a loss on ignition.
Wherein, in the present invention, the contents of the respective components in the bauxite are calculated by 100 parts by weight in total. The loss-on-ignition refers to the substance lost after the bauxite is calcined at 1350 ℃ for 6 hours after being dried at 110 ℃ for 24 hours. The impurities refer to small amounts of iron oxide, titanium oxide, calcium oxide, magnesium oxide, potassium oxide, and sodium oxide originally contained in bauxite. Since the content of sodium oxide is very small, in the present invention, impurities in the spherical sand for casting and the bauxite can be regarded as the same.
In a further preferred embodiment, the bauxite comprises 66 to 72 parts by weight of alumina, 20 to 23 parts by weight of silica, 4 to 8.5 parts by weight of impurities and 8 to 15 parts by weight of loss on ignition.
In a most preferred embodiment, the bauxite includes 68 to 70 parts by weight of alumina, 21 to 22 parts by weight of silica, 7 to 7.5 parts by weight of impurities, and 10 to 12 parts by weight of a loss on ignition.
In a preferred embodiment, the operating conditions of the calcination include: the heating rate of calcination is 2-10 ℃/min, preferably 5-7 ℃/min; the calcination temperature is 1000-1600 ℃, preferably 1200-1400 ℃; the calcination time is 4-10h, preferably 6-8 h.
In a preferred embodiment, the bauxite powder has an average particle size of 1 to 10mm, preferably 2 to 4 mm; the average grain diameter of the white lime is 1-10mm, preferably 2-4 mm; the average particle size of the sodium oxide is 1-10mm, preferably 2-4 mm.
In a preferred embodiment, the bauxite powder, the white lime and the sodium oxide are in a mass ratio of 100: 1.5-2.5: 4.5-6.
However, the inventors of the present invention have found, through studies, that when the amounts of lime and sodium oxide added are too large or too small, the sphericity, the sieve yield and the mold hardness of the spherical sand for casting are reduced, and the surface porosity is increased. When the addition amounts of the white lime and the sodium oxide are limited to the above ranges, the prepared spherical sand for casting has the best overall properties.
In a preferred embodiment, the temperature of the arc melting is 2000-.
Among them, in the present invention, by properly controlling the temperature of arc melting, the surface porosity of the spherical sand for casting can be further reduced, and the mechanical strength of the spherical sand for casting can be improved.
In a preferred embodiment, the operating conditions of the blowing include: the flow rate of the air flow is 15-20Nm3/min, preferably 12-16Nm3Min; the temperature of the gas stream is 15 to 25 ℃ and preferably 15 to 18 ℃. In the present invention, the air flow in the blowing is not particularly limited, and is preferably compressed air.
In the invention, the uniformity of the blown particles can be improved by reasonably controlling the operation conditions of blowing, the screening waste is reduced, and the screening rate is improved.
In a preferred embodiment, the present invention does not specifically limit the sieving, and preferably, the sieving is performed using a 20-40 mesh sieve.
In a preferred embodiment, the screening rate of the foundry ball sand is 90 to 99%, preferably 97 to 98%.
The present invention will be described in detail below by way of examples. Among them, the composition of bauxite used in examples and comparative examples is shown in table 1:
TABLE 1
Example 1
1) Crushing bauxite, then placing the crushed bauxite in a calcining furnace, heating the crushed bauxite to 1300 ℃ at the heating rate of 5 ℃/min, and calcining the crushed bauxite for 7 hours at the temperature of 1300 ℃ to obtain bauxite powder with the average grain size of 2.5 mm;
2) mixing the bauxite powder, white lime with the average particle size of 3mm and sodium oxide with the average particle size of 3mm according to the mass ratio of 100: 1.5: 4.5, then charged into an electric arc furnace and melted at 2200 ℃ with a gas flow rate of 15Nm3Blowing compressed air at 15 ℃ for balling in min, and then screening by a 20-40 mesh sieve to obtain the spherical sand for casting.
Example 2
The same as example 1 except that in the step (2), the bauxite powder, the white lime and the sodium oxide are mixed in a mass ratio of 100: 2.5: 6, and mixing.
Example 3
The same as example 1 except that in the step (2), the bauxite powder, the white lime and the sodium oxide are mixed in a mass ratio of 100: 1: 7, and mixing.
Example 4
The same as example 1 except that in the step (2), the bauxite powder, the white lime and the sodium oxide are mixed in a mass ratio of 100: 3: 3, and mixing.
Example 5
The same as in example 1, except that in the melting in the electric arc furnace in the step (2), the gas flow rate was 20Nm3Min, 25 ℃ compressed air.
Comparative example 1
The same as example 1 except that in the step (2), the bauxite powder, the white lime and the sodium oxide are mixed in a mass ratio of 100: 0.5: 2, were mixed.
Comparative example 2
The same as example 1 except that in the step (2), the bauxite powder, the white lime and the sodium oxide are mixed in a mass ratio of 100: 4: 8, and mixing.
Comparative example 3
The same as in example 1, except that no lime was added in step (2).
Comparative example 4
The same as in example 1 except that no sodium oxide was added in step (2).
Comparative example 5
The same as in example 1, except that in the melting in the electric arc furnace in the step (2), the gas flow rate was 5Nm3Min, 30 ℃ compressed air.
Test example 1
The performance of the casting spherical sands prepared in examples 1 to 5 and comparative examples 1 to 5 was measured, and the results are shown in table 2.
Wherein, the sphericity adopts a laser particle sizer to simultaneously measure the laser scattering particle size distribution and the Stokes sedimentation equivalent particle size distribution of the particles, and calculates the sphericity of the particles; the screening rate detection method comprises the following steps: taking 100g of spherical foundry sand obtained by melting in an electric arc furnace, sieving the spherical foundry sand by a sieve with 20-40 meshes, weighing the sieved spherical foundry sand with qualified granularity, and calculating the proportion of the qualified spherical foundry sand; the surface porosity adopts a V-sorb 2800P specific surface area and aperture analyzer to pass through N2Measuring by an adsorption and desorption method; the mold hardness adopts SYS-C type mold hardness tester pair adoption standardAnd (4) carrying out hardness detection on the casting mold formed by the static pressure molding method.
TABLE 2
As can be seen from table 1, in the preparation method of spherical sand for casting provided by the invention, by adding white lime and sodium oxide in a specific mass ratio in the preparation process, not only is high-quality spherical sand for casting obtained, but also the screening rate of the spherical sand for casting is improved, and the method is suitable for industrial popularization.
The preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described above in detail, but the present invention is not limited thereto. Within the scope of the technical idea of the invention, many simple modifications can be made to the technical solution of the invention, including combinations of various technical features in any other suitable way, and these simple modifications and combinations should also be regarded as the disclosure of the invention, and all fall within the scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. Spherical sand for casting, which is characterized by comprising 60 to 75 parts by weight of alumina, 15 to 30 parts by weight of silica, 0.5 to 8.5 parts by weight of calcium oxide and 2 to 10 parts by weight of impurities; the sphericity of the spherical sand for casting is more than or equal to 0.9, the surface porosity is less than or equal to 2%, and the casting hardness is more than or equal to 75N.
2. The foundry spherical sand of claim 1, wherein the foundry spherical sand comprises: 66-72 parts by weight of alumina, 20-23 parts by weight of silica, 1-4 parts by weight of calcium oxide and 4-8.5 parts by weight of impurities; further preferably, 68 to 70 parts by weight of alumina, 21 to 22 parts by weight of silica, 1.5 to 2.9 parts by weight of calcium oxide and 7 to 7.5 parts by weight of impurities.
3. Spherical foundry sand according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the spherical foundry sand has a sphericity of from 0.9 to 0.99, preferably from 0.96 to 0.98; the surface porosity is 1-2%, preferably 1.1-1.3%; the mold hardness is 80-90N, preferably 87-88N.
4. A method for preparing spherical sand for casting, which is characterized by comprising the following steps: mixing bauxite powder, white lime and sodium oxide, then carrying out electric arc melting and blowing, and then screening to obtain the spherical sand for casting; wherein the mass ratio of the bauxite powder to the white lime to the sodium oxide is 100: 1-3: 3-7.
5. The production method according to claim 4, wherein the production method of the bauxite soil powder comprises crushing and calcining bauxite to obtain bauxite powder;
preferably, the bauxite comprises 60 to 75 parts by weight of alumina, 15 to 30 parts by weight of silica, 2 to 10 parts by weight of impurities and 5 to 15 parts by weight of a loss on ignition.
6. The method of claim 5, wherein the operating conditions of the calcining comprise: the heating rate of calcination is 2-10 ℃/min, preferably 5-7 ℃/min; the calcination temperature is 1000-1600 ℃, preferably 1200-1400 ℃; the calcination time is 4-10h, preferably 6-8 h.
7. The production method according to claim 5, wherein the bauxite powder has an average particle diameter of 1 to 10mm, preferably 2 to 4 mm; the average grain diameter of the white lime is 1-10mm, preferably 2-4 mm; the average particle size of the sodium oxide is 1-10mm, preferably 2-4 mm.
8. The production method according to claim 4, wherein the bauxite powder, the white lime and the sodium oxide are mixed in a mass ratio of 100: 1.5-2.5: 4.5-6.
9. The method according to claim 4, wherein the temperature of the arc melting is 2000-2500 ℃, preferably 2100-2200 ℃.
10. According to claimThe production method according to claim 4, wherein the blowing operation conditions include: the flow rate of the air flow is 15-20Nm3/min, preferably 12-16Nm3Min; the temperature of the gas stream is 15 to 25 ℃ and preferably 15 to 18 ℃.
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| CN202111157722.4A CN113976815B (en) | 2021-09-28 | 2021-09-28 | Spherical sand for casting and preparation method thereof |
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2021
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| CN1723094A (en) * | 2002-12-09 | 2006-01-18 | 花王株式会社 | Spherical casting sand and method for making same |
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| CN113976815B (en) | 2024-01-23 |
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