CN113972693A - Power distribution network island dynamic division method - Google Patents

Power distribution network island dynamic division method Download PDF

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Publication number
CN113972693A
CN113972693A CN202111345977.3A CN202111345977A CN113972693A CN 113972693 A CN113972693 A CN 113972693A CN 202111345977 A CN202111345977 A CN 202111345977A CN 113972693 A CN113972693 A CN 113972693A
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distribution network
power distribution
island
power
node
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史伟
陈虹
杨晓林
戴黎明
戚星宇
陆芸
王数
承昊新
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State Grid Corp of China SGCC
State Grid Jiangsu Electric Power Co Ltd
Changzhou Power Supply Co of State Grid Jiangsu Electric Power Co Ltd
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State Grid Corp of China SGCC
State Grid Jiangsu Electric Power Co Ltd
Changzhou Power Supply Co of State Grid Jiangsu Electric Power Co Ltd
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/38—Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
    • H02J3/388—Islanding, i.e. disconnection of local power supply from the network
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/007—Arrangements for selectively connecting the load or loads to one or several among a plurality of power lines or power sources
    • H02J3/0073—Arrangements for selectively connecting the load or loads to one or several among a plurality of power lines or power sources for providing alternative feeding paths between load and source when the main path fails, e.g. transformers, busbars
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/38—Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
    • H02J3/381—Dispersed generators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2300/00—Systems for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by decentralized, dispersed, or local generation
    • H02J2300/20—The dispersed energy generation being of renewable origin

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Supply And Distribution Of Alternating Current (AREA)

Abstract

The invention provides a dynamic power distribution network island dividing method, which comprises the following steps: constructing an islanding model, wherein the islanding model comprises an objective function and constraint conditions, the objective function takes the maximum total load of the power distribution network for power restoration as a target, and the constraint conditions comprise system operation constraints of the power distribution network and distributed power output constraints considering time sequence characteristics; solving the island division model to realize island dynamic division of the power distribution network. The invention can optimize the island division mode in real time, and enhances the elasticity of the power distribution network system, so that the power distribution network has larger total recovery load electric energy and higher renewable energy utilization efficiency.

Description

Power distribution network island dynamic division method
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of power supply and distribution, in particular to a dynamic power distribution network island division method.
Background
The distributed power generation technology enables the power distribution network to achieve more reasonable energy utilization, but the structure of the power distribution network becomes complex. Aiming at a complex power distribution network structure, when a power distribution network is separated from a superior power grid due to the reasons of faults and the like, an island is divided to reasonably control the load in the island to recover power supply. The nodes forming the power distribution network comprise power sources (such as distributed power sources) and user loads, and each divided island comprises one or more nodes.
Some islanding strategies are proposed in the related art, but planning is mostly performed based on data such as fixed loads of user nodes, and time-varying characteristics of the data are not considered. Therefore, the islanding strategy in the related art is difficult to achieve the optimal target of power restoration.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a dynamic power distribution network island division method for solving the technical problems, which can optimize an island division mode in real time, enhance the elasticity of a power distribution network system and enable a power distribution network to have larger total recovery load electric energy and higher renewable energy utilization efficiency.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a dynamic division method for an island of a power distribution network comprises the following steps: constructing an islanding model, wherein the islanding model comprises an objective function and constraint conditions, the objective function takes the maximum total load of the power distribution network for power restoration as a target, and the constraint conditions comprise system operation constraints of the power distribution network and distributed power output constraints considering time sequence characteristics; solving the island division model to realize island dynamic division of the power distribution network.
The constraint conditions further comprise system capacity hot standby constraint and distribution network radial topology constraint considering island number dynamic optimization.
The objective function is:
Figure BDA0003354118110000021
wherein N is a set of all nodes of the power distribution network; t is a set of all island division time periods; w is ai,tA weight coefficient representing a load at the node i during the period t; pi DRepresenting the active power demand of the load at the node i in the period t; r isi,tAs a decision variable, representing the recovery state of the load at node i during time t, ri,tIs 1, the load at node i is restored at this time, ri,tThe value is 0, the load at the node i is not supplied with power again at the moment; t isintRepresenting the duration of each islanding period.
The distributed power output constraints considering the time sequence characteristics comprise controllable distributed power output constraints, uncontrollable distributed power output constraints and energy storage system output constraints.
And solving the island division model through a Gurobi solver.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the target function of the island division model constructed by the invention takes the maximum total load of the power recovery of the power distribution network as a target, and the constraint conditions comprise system operation constraint of the power distribution network and distributed power supply output constraint considering time sequence characteristics, so that the island division mode can be optimized in real time, the elasticity of the power distribution network system is enhanced, and the power distribution network has larger total recovery load electric energy and higher renewable energy utilization efficiency.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a flowchart of a power distribution network island dynamic partitioning method according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1, a method for dynamically dividing an island of a power distribution network according to an embodiment of the present invention includes the following steps:
and S1, constructing an islanding model, wherein the islanding model comprises an objective function and constraint conditions, the objective function takes the maximum total load of the power recovery of the power distribution network as an objective, and the constraint conditions comprise system operation constraints of the power distribution network and distributed power output constraints considering time sequence characteristics.
In an embodiment of the invention, the objective function is:
Figure BDA0003354118110000031
wherein N is a set of all nodes of the power distribution network; t is a set of all island division time periods; w is ai,tA weight coefficient representing a load at the node i during the period t; pi DRepresenting the active power demand of the load at the node i in the period t; r isi,tAs a decision variable, representing the recovery state of the load at node i during time t, ri,tIs 1, the load at node i is restored at this time, ri,tThe value is 0, the load at the node i is not supplied with power again at the moment; t isintRepresenting the duration of each islanding period.
In one embodiment of the invention, system operating constraints of the power distribution network include Disflow power flow constraints applicable to the power distribution network system and magnitude constraints on node voltages and branch power flows in the power distribution network system.
The flow power flow constraint applicable to the power distribution network system is as follows:
Figure BDA0003354118110000032
Figure BDA0003354118110000033
Figure BDA0003354118110000034
Figure BDA0003354118110000035
Figure BDA0003354118110000036
wherein E represents the set of all branches of the power distribution network; u (j) represents the set of all nodes upstream of node j, v (j) represents the set of all nodes downstream of node j, and has u (j) e N, v (j) e N. Pij,tAnd Qij,tRespectively representing the active power flow and the reactive power flow flowing through the branch ij in the period t;
Figure BDA0003354118110000041
and
Figure BDA0003354118110000042
respectively representing the total active power and the total reactive power output by all Distributed Energy Resources (DER) connected at a node j in a period t;
Figure BDA0003354118110000043
representing the reactive power demand of the load at node j during the period t; rijAnd XijRespectively representing the resistance and the reactance of the power distribution network branch ij;
Figure BDA0003354118110000044
represents the square of the voltage magnitude at node i during t;
Figure BDA0003354118110000045
represents the square of the magnitude of the current flowing through branch ij during time t; alpha is alphaij,tAs decision variables, representing the switching state, α, of branch ij during time tij,t1 represents that the branch ij is communicated in the t period; otherwise, the branch is disconnected. M represents a large positive number.
Considering the safe operation of the system during the power supply restoration process, in order to ensure the availability of the restoration scheme, the amplitude constraints on the node voltage and branch power flow in the power distribution network system are as follows:
Figure BDA0003354118110000046
Figure BDA0003354118110000047
Figure BDA0003354118110000048
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure BDA0003354118110000049
and
Figure BDA00033541181100000410
respectively representing the lower limit and the upper limit of the voltage amplitude at the node i in the period t, in the embodiment of the invention
Figure BDA00033541181100000411
And
Figure BDA00033541181100000412
can be set to 0.95 and 1.05 per voltage unit, respectively;
Figure BDA00033541181100000413
representing the upper limit of the active power flow through branch ij during time t.
Figure BDA00033541181100000414
Representing the upper limit of the active power flow through branch ij during time t.
In one embodiment of the invention, the distributed power output constraints that take into account timing characteristics include controllable distributed power output constraints, uncontrollable distributed power output constraints and energy storage system output constraints.
The distributed power supply is divided into a controllable distributed power supply and an uncontrollable distributed power supply, and the total output power of the distributed energy at a node can be expressed as follows:
Figure BDA00033541181100000415
Figure BDA00033541181100000416
wherein S isDERA set of nodes connecting the DER for the distribution network,
Figure BDA00033541181100000417
the output active power of the controllable distributed power supply connected with the node i in the period t is shown,
Figure BDA0003354118110000051
the output reactive power of the controllable distributed power supply connected to the node i in the t period is represented;
Figure BDA0003354118110000052
the output active power of the uncontrollable distributed power source connected to the node i in the period t is shown,
Figure BDA0003354118110000053
representing the output reactive power of the uncontrollable distributed power source connected to the node i in the t period;
Figure BDA0003354118110000054
and
Figure BDA0003354118110000055
respectively representing the discharging power and the charging power of the connected energy storage system at the node i in the period t.
In one embodiment of the invention, the controllable distributed power output timing model is as follows:
Figure BDA0003354118110000056
Figure BDA0003354118110000057
Figure BDA0003354118110000058
wherein S isdConnecting a node set of the controllable distributed power supply to the power distribution network; pi dDGminAnd Pi dDGmaxRespectively representing the lower limit and the upper limit of the output active power of the controllable distributed power supply connected with the node i in the t period;
Figure BDA0003354118110000059
and
Figure BDA00033541181100000510
respectively representing the lower limit and the upper limit of the output reactive power of the controllable distributed power supply connected with the node i in the t period;
Figure BDA00033541181100000511
and the upper limit of the change rate of the output active power of the controllable distributed power supply connected at the node i is represented. And the controllable distributed power output time sequence model is used as the controllable distributed power output constraint.
In one embodiment of the invention, the uncontrollable distributed power output timing model is as follows:
Figure BDA00033541181100000512
Figure BDA00033541181100000513
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure BDA00033541181100000514
the predicted value gamma of the output active power of the uncontrollable distributed power supply connected with the node i in the t period is showniRepresenting the maximum power factor angle of the uncontrollable distributed power source connected at node i.
Equations (15) and (16) are respectively upper limit and lower limit constraints of active power and reactive power output by the uncontrollable distributed power supply, the embodiment of the present invention sets the predicted value at the current moment as the upper limit of the active power output by the uncontrollable distributed power supply, and equation (16) also indicates that the power output of the uncontrollable distributed power supply needs to meet the constraint of the self maximum power factor.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the Energy Storage System (ESS) output timing model is as follows:
Figure BDA0003354118110000061
Figure BDA0003354118110000062
Figure BDA0003354118110000063
Figure BDA0003354118110000064
wherein the content of the first and second substances,SEconnecting a node set of the ESS for the power distribution network;
Figure BDA0003354118110000065
and
Figure BDA0003354118110000066
respectively representing the charging state and the discharging state of the ESS at the node i in the period t as a decision variable, if so
Figure BDA0003354118110000067
1, indicating that the ESS connected to node i is charging during time t; otherwise, the charging is not performed; if it is
Figure BDA0003354118110000068
1, indicating that the connected ESS at the node i is discharging in the period t; otherwise, the discharge is not performed; pi dischmaxAnd Pi chmaxRespectively representing the maximum discharging power and the maximum charging power of the ESS connected with the node i; k is a radical ofi,0Initial value, k, representing the State of Charge (SOC) of the ESS connected at node ii minAnd ki maxRespectively representing the lower limit and the upper limit of the SOC of the ESS connected with the node i; crated,iRepresents the rated energy capacity of the connected ESS at node i;
Figure BDA0003354118110000069
and
Figure BDA00033541181100000610
respectively representing the charging efficiency and the discharging efficiency of the connected ESS at the node i. The energy storage system output time sequence model is used as the energy storage system output constraint.
Furthermore, the constraint conditions of the embodiment of the invention can also comprise a system capacity hot standby constraint and a power distribution network radial topology constraint considering island number dynamic optimization.
In order to ensure a certain level of system spare capacity in consideration of the uncertainty of the distributed energy, the total capacity of available distributed energy resources in the power distribution network should be greater than the total load demand in the system. The system capacity hot standby constraints are as follows:
Figure BDA00033541181100000611
wherein mu is the system heat standby rate;
Figure BDA0003354118110000071
represents the upper limit of the output of all distributed power supplies connected at the node i in the period t.
In the process of island division, the power distribution network is required to maintain a radial topological structure. For radial topology modeling, a sufficient requirement to satisfy the radial topology constraint is that connectivity and the number relationship of node-edges need to be satisfied simultaneously. For SCF (Single-command Flow constraints) radial constraints, embodiments of the present invention improve it to present an improved SCF radial constraint:
∑αij,t＝|N|-∑Ark,t ij∈E,k∈SDER,t∈T (22)
Figure BDA0003354118110000072
Figure BDA0003354118110000073
Figure BDA0003354118110000074
|Fij,t|≤αij,tM ij∈E,t∈T (26)
wherein | N | represents the total number of nodes of the power distribution network, Ark,tAn island dominant power node state decision variable Ar of a power point k in a period tk,t1 represents the existence of an island taking the power supply node as a dominant power supply node at the current moment, Fij,tTo representVirtual power flow flowing through the branch ij in the period t; djRepresenting the virtual load demand at non-root node j, may be taken to be 1.
In the formulas (22) to (26), aiming at the problem that the SCF radial topology constraint cannot optimize the number of islands and neglects the island fusion condition, the embodiment of the present invention improves the SCF constraint: defining an island dominant power node state decision variable Ark,tThe method is used for judging whether the power supply node k at the moment t is used as the island leading power supply node; using Ar in the improved node-edge number relation constraint of equation (22)k,tThe sum of replacement nodes-number of edges relation constrains the number of root nodes as fixed values, the number of islands per period can be optimized. In order to ensure the connectivity of the topology, all nodes of the non-island dominant power supply need to meet virtual power flow constraints, the embodiment of the invention adopts a positive number M with a larger value to construct the virtual power flow constraints applicable to the power supply nodes in the formulas (24) and (25), and if the power supply node is the island dominant power supply node, no constraint is performed. The virtual power flow constraints of the non-power source nodes in the equations (24) and (25) and (23) and the equation (26) together form the distribution network radial topology constraint considering island number dynamic optimization of the embodiment of the invention, and the constraint is applicable to all nodes of non-island dominant power sources.
Furthermore, in one embodiment of the present invention, in order to deal with the non-linear part of the trend constraint, namely the variable product term and the variable square term in equation (4), it can be linearized. For the squared variable term, the embodiment of the present invention employs a piecewise line approximation method for processing,
Figure BDA0003354118110000081
the linearization process of (a) is as follows:
Figure BDA0003354118110000082
Figure BDA0003354118110000083
Figure BDA0003354118110000084
Figure BDA0003354118110000085
Figure BDA0003354118110000086
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure BDA0003354118110000087
representing the square term of the active power flow
Figure BDA0003354118110000088
The approximate term of (c);
Figure BDA0003354118110000089
and
Figure BDA00033541181100000810
is an auxiliary variable of the linearization process; a is the number of segment approximate sequences; a is the number of segments of the piecewise approximation, which may be 10 in embodiments of the present invention.
Similarly, the square term of the reactive power flow
Figure BDA00033541181100000812
Approximate term of
Figure BDA00033541181100000813
Can be calculated by a similar process, and is not described in detail herein. For the product term of the voltage-current squared variable, the per-unit value range of the voltage amplitude squared variable in the embodiment of the present invention is narrow ([0.95 ]2,1.052]) The voltage squared variable in equation (4) is approximated with a constant nominal value:
Figure BDA00033541181100000811
wherein, UnsqrRepresenting the nominal value of the squared term of the voltage amplitude, in an embodiment of the invention may be taken to be constant 1.
In summary, equation (4) can be replaced by:
Figure BDA0003354118110000091
and S2, solving the island division model to realize the island dynamic division of the power distribution network.
In one embodiment of the invention, the islanding model may be solved by a Gurobi solver.
According to the dynamic power distribution network island division method provided by the embodiment of the invention, the target function of the established island division model takes the maximum total load of power recovery of the power distribution network as a target, and the constraint conditions comprise system operation constraint of the power distribution network and distributed power supply output constraint considering time sequence characteristics, so that the island division mode can be optimized in real time, the elasticity of the power distribution network system is enhanced, and the power distribution network has larger total recovery load electric energy and higher renewable energy utilization efficiency.
In the description of the present invention, "a plurality" means two or more unless specifically defined otherwise.
In the description herein, references to the description of the term "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "an example," "a specific example," or "some examples," etc., mean that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the terms used above are not necessarily intended to refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples. Furthermore, various embodiments or examples and features of different embodiments or examples described in this specification can be combined and combined by one skilled in the art without contradiction.
Any process or method descriptions in flow charts or otherwise described herein may be understood as representing modules, segments, or portions of code which include one or more executable instructions for implementing specific logical functions or steps of the process, and alternate implementations are included within the scope of the preferred embodiment of the present invention in which functions may be executed out of order from that shown or discussed, including substantially concurrently or in reverse order, depending on the functionality involved, as would be understood by those reasonably skilled in the art of the present invention.
The logic and/or steps represented in the flowcharts or otherwise described herein, e.g., an ordered listing of executable instructions that can be considered to implement logical functions, can be embodied in any computer-readable medium for use by or in connection with an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device, such as a computer-based system, processor-containing system, or other system that can fetch the instructions from the instruction execution system, apparatus, or device and execute the instructions. For the purposes of this description, a "computer-readable medium" can be any means that can contain, store, communicate, propagate, or transport the program for use by or in connection with the instruction execution system, apparatus, or device. More specific examples (a non-exhaustive list) of the computer-readable medium would include the following: an electrical connection (electronic device) having one or more wires, a portable computer diskette (magnetic device), a Random Access Memory (RAM), a read-only memory (ROM), an erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM or flash memory), an optical fiber device, and a portable compact disc read-only memory (CDROM). Additionally, the computer-readable medium could even be paper or another suitable medium upon which the program is printed, as the program can be electronically captured, via for instance optical scanning of the paper or other medium, then compiled, interpreted or otherwise processed in a suitable manner if necessary, and then stored in a computer memory.
It should be understood that portions of the present invention may be implemented in hardware, software, firmware, or a combination thereof. In the above embodiments, the various steps or methods may be implemented in software or firmware stored in memory and executed by a suitable instruction execution system. For example, if implemented in hardware, as in another embodiment, any one or combination of the following techniques, which are known in the art, may be used: a discrete logic circuit having a logic gate circuit for implementing a logic function on a data signal, an application specific integrated circuit having an appropriate combinational logic gate circuit, a Programmable Gate Array (PGA), a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA), or the like.
It will be understood by those skilled in the art that all or part of the steps carried by the method for implementing the above embodiments may be implemented by hardware related to instructions of a program, which may be stored in a computer readable storage medium, and when the program is executed, the program includes one or a combination of the steps of the method embodiments.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it is understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and should not be construed as limiting the present invention, and that variations, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to the above embodiments by those of ordinary skill in the art within the scope of the present invention.

Claims (5)

1. A dynamic division method for an island of a power distribution network is characterized by comprising the following steps:
constructing an islanding model, wherein the islanding model comprises an objective function and constraint conditions, the objective function takes the maximum total load of the power distribution network for power restoration as a target, and the constraint conditions comprise system operation constraints of the power distribution network and distributed power output constraints considering time sequence characteristics;
solving the island division model to realize island dynamic division of the power distribution network.
2. The method for dynamically dividing an island of a power distribution network according to claim 1, wherein the constraint conditions further comprise a system capacity hot standby constraint and a radial topology constraint of the power distribution network considering dynamic optimization of the island number.
3. The method according to claim 2, wherein the objective function is as follows:
Figure FDA0003354118100000011
wherein N is a set of all nodes of the power distribution network; t is a set of all island division time periods; w is ai,tA weight coefficient representing a load at the node i during the period t; pi DRepresenting the active power demand of the load at the node i in the period t; r isi,tAs a decision variable, representing the recovery state of the load at node i during time t, ri,tIs 1, the load at node i is restored at this time, ri,tThe value is 0, the load at the node i is not supplied with power again at the moment; t isintRepresenting the duration of each islanding period.
4. The method for dynamically dividing power distribution network islands according to claim 3, wherein the distributed power output constraints considering the time sequence characteristics comprise controllable distributed power output constraints, uncontrollable distributed power output constraints and energy storage system output constraints.
5. The method for dynamically dividing the power distribution network island according to any one of claims 1-4, wherein the island division model is solved by a Gurobi solver.
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Citations (5)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN108206540A (en) * 2018-01-24 2018-06-26 天津大学 Consider the active power distribution network isolated island division methods in important load continuous working period
CN108988322A (en) * 2018-06-30 2018-12-11 南京理工大学 The microgrid optimization of operation strategy method of consideration system time variation
CN110350508A (en) * 2019-05-16 2019-10-18 东南大学 Method that is a kind of while considering the active distribution network fault recovery unified model that reconstruct is divided with isolated island
CN111478358A (en) * 2019-11-06 2020-07-31 南瑞集团有限公司 Power distribution network robust recovery decision method considering distributed power supply uncertainty
CN113469750A (en) * 2021-07-21 2021-10-01 华北电力大学 Charging station and power distribution network coordinated planning method and system considering extreme weather

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN108206540A (en) * 2018-01-24 2018-06-26 天津大学 Consider the active power distribution network isolated island division methods in important load continuous working period
CN108988322A (en) * 2018-06-30 2018-12-11 南京理工大学 The microgrid optimization of operation strategy method of consideration system time variation
CN110350508A (en) * 2019-05-16 2019-10-18 东南大学 Method that is a kind of while considering the active distribution network fault recovery unified model that reconstruct is divided with isolated island
CN111478358A (en) * 2019-11-06 2020-07-31 南瑞集团有限公司 Power distribution network robust recovery decision method considering distributed power supply uncertainty
CN113469750A (en) * 2021-07-21 2021-10-01 华北电力大学 Charging station and power distribution network coordinated planning method and system considering extreme weather

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