CN113970603A - Biomarkers for distinguishing alcohol death from post-mortem alcohol filling - Google Patents
Biomarkers for distinguishing alcohol death from post-mortem alcohol filling Download PDFInfo
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- CN113970603A CN113970603A CN202010724391.7A CN202010724391A CN113970603A CN 113970603 A CN113970603 A CN 113970603A CN 202010724391 A CN202010724391 A CN 202010724391A CN 113970603 A CN113970603 A CN 113970603A
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- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 88
- 239000000090 biomarker Substances 0.000 title abstract description 10
- 239000008280 blood Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 70
- 210000004369 blood Anatomy 0.000 claims abstract description 70
- 230000035622 drinking Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 239000003550 marker Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- KIWBPDUYBMNFTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl hydrogen sulfate Chemical compound CCOS(O)(=O)=O KIWBPDUYBMNFTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 55
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 21
- 238000001294 liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000012224 working solution Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000006228 supernatant Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- HQVFCQRVQFYGRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N formic acid;hydrate Chemical compound O.OC=O HQVFCQRVQFYGRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004480 active ingredient Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 claims 1
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- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims 1
- BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N methanoic acid Natural products OC=O BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 241000283973 Oryctolagus cuniculus Species 0.000 description 11
- OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(3-methoxyphenyl)aniline Chemical compound COC1=CC=CC(C=2C=CC(N)=CC=2)=C1 OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 208000007848 Alcoholism Diseases 0.000 description 6
- 201000007930 alcohol dependence Diseases 0.000 description 6
- 235000019253 formic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 238000003304 gavage Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000011555 rabbit model Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 4
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000002496 gastric effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 231100000636 lethal dose Toxicity 0.000 description 3
- 210000002784 stomach Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- IKHGUXGNUITLKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetaldehyde Chemical compound CC=O IKHGUXGNUITLKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241000700159 Rattus Species 0.000 description 2
- 108090001033 Sulfotransferases Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 102000004896 Sulfotransferases Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 238000010171 animal model Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004895 liquid chromatography mass spectrometry Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002207 metabolite Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011587 new zealand white rabbit Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002574 poison Substances 0.000 description 2
- 231100000614 poison Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 231100000167 toxic agent Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- 239000003440 toxic substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- IJPCXCDDMAUNSI-ULAWRXDQSA-N (4r,5s,6r,7r)-4,5,6,7,8-pentahydroxyoctan-3-one Chemical compound CCC(=O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)CO IJPCXCDDMAUNSI-ULAWRXDQSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 206010001605 Alcohol poisoning Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000011887 Necropsy Methods 0.000 description 1
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 230000006399 behavior Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 1
- -1 ethyl glucuronate Chemical compound 0.000 description 1
- 229940097042 glucuronate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000037353 metabolic pathway Effects 0.000 description 1
- VUZPPFZMUPKLLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane;hydrate Chemical compound C.O VUZPPFZMUPKLLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000035772 mutation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000021590 normal diet Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000011017 operating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000000056 organ Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000010355 oscillation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004783 oxidative metabolism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000010412 perfusion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002504 physiological saline solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 206010036067 polydipsia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011782 vitamin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940088594 vitamin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229930003231 vitamin Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 235000013343 vitamin Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000003722 vitamin derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000031143 xenobiotic glucuronidation Effects 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N30/00—Investigating or analysing materials by separation into components using adsorption, absorption or similar phenomena or using ion-exchange, e.g. chromatography or field flow fractionation
- G01N30/02—Column chromatography
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of judicial identification, and particularly relates to a biomarker for distinguishing death after drinking from post-mortem alcohol filling and application thereof. The invention also comprises a corresponding detection and distinguishing method. The invention provides a marker for distinguishing alcohol death from post-mortem alcohol filling by using EtS in blood. The method is simple, rapid and effective in detection, is applicable to common judicial appraisal laboratories, and can accurately distinguish the death due to drinking and the post-mortem wine filling conditions.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of judicial identification. More particularly, it relates to the use of ethyl sulfate (EtS) in blood as a biomarker for distinguishing pre-prandial alcohol consumption from post-mortem alcohol consumption.
Background
Ethanol, commonly known as alcohol, is the most serious substance in abuse worldwide, and many illegal criminal behaviors are related to drinking. The accuracy of the Blood Alcohol Concentration (BAC) measurement directly affects the responsibility identification, insurance claim settlement and crime assessment of the case related to drinking. In forensic cases, criminal suspects sometimes happen to disguise victims as cases of real death by alcohol drinking death by filling the bodies with alcohol.
Post-mortem poison redistribution refers to the process of variation of the concentration of a poison within the cadaver, particularly in the blood. Like many chemicals, post-mortem redistribution of ethanol occurs and the ethanol in the post-mortem stomach diffuses into adjacent organs such as the heart, directly affecting the true level of BAC measured using heart blood. It is reported in the literature that ethanol with the concentration of 0.132 +/-0.096 mg/g can be detected in the blood of dead rats after the dead rats are subjected to intragastric ethanol (the concentration is 15 percent and is 3.33mL/kg) and stored for 48 hours at the temperature of 5 ℃. For the case of filling alcohol after death, the wine filling amount is usually larger, the detected concentration of the alcohol diffused to the corpse blood from the stomach is usually higher than the lethal concentration, so that serious interference is brought to the judgment of real cause of death by a forensic doctor, the accuracy of a judicial identification result is directly influenced, and the misjudgment that a party dies from excessive drinking is easily obtained.
To date, there has been no report on the use of this marker as a marker for distinguishing between alcohol death and post-mortem alcohol.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems of the deficiency and the deficiency of the existing marker for distinguishing the death after drinking and the post-mortem alcohol filling, and provides an effective distinguishing marker. In particular to a biomarker for distinguishing death after drinking and post-mortem alcohol filling.
In particular, the invention provides that ethyl sulfate (EtS) in blood can be used as a biomarker for distinguishing death due to alcohol consumption and post-mortem alcohol filling.
The research of the invention shows that after drinking, most of ethanol entering a human body is subjected to oxidative metabolism to generate acetaldehyde and acetic acid, and finally decomposed into carbon dioxide and water, and a small part of ethanol is subjected to phase II metabolism to generate non-oxidative metabolites of the ethanol, including ethyl glucuronate (EtG), ethyl sulfate (EtS) and the like. These metabolites are characteristic metabolites of ethanol, and have high specificity and sensitivity. EtS has a short detection time limit in blood, is suitable as a biomarker for drinking in a short period of time, and has a low mutation probability in a human body of a Sulfotransferase (SULT) gene that produces EtS, and a polymorphism in a non-oxidative metabolic pathway has little influence on the result of EtS. In addition, the earlier research of the invention finds that the stability of EtS in cadaver blood is higher, and the situation of increase or degradation does not occur. The present invention has been completed based on the above-mentioned studies.
The invention provides a marker for distinguishing death after drinking and post-mortem alcohol filling, and the active component of the marker contains ethyl sulfate.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the marker is ethyl sulfate in a cadaveric blood sample.
Correspondingly, the invention provides a method for distinguishing death due to drinking and post-mortem alcohol filling, which comprises the step of detecting the content of ethyl sulfate in blood.
Preferably, the method for distinguishing the death due to drinking from the post-mortem alcohol filling comprises the following steps:
obtaining a cadaver blood sample;
and detecting the content of the ethyl sulfate in the blood sample.
Preferably, the obtaining of a cadaver blood sample refers to drawing a blood sample from a cadaver heart.
Preferably, the time for obtaining the cadaver blood sample is based on death time, and preferably, the heart blood sample can be obtained. Typically, blood samples can be taken within one week of death. For example, heart blood was taken at time points of 10min, 4h, 10h, 24 or 34 h.
Typically, the blood sample is drawn at no less than 200 μ L.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the blood sample is drawn in an amount of not less than 20. mu.L.
Preferably, the method further comprises the step of pretreating the blood sample before detecting the content of the ethyl sulfate;
the pretreatment sequentially comprises the following steps:
(a) mixing whole blood with methanol and IS working solution according to the mixing ratio of 1: (3-6): (0.08-0.2);
(b) centrifuging and taking a supernatant;
(c) drying the supernatant, adding 0.05-0.2% formic acid water solution, dissolving, and centrifuging;
(d) and taking the supernatant for detecting the content of the ethyl sulfate.
In the present invention, the ratio is a volume ratio, not specifically indicated.
Preferably, the IS working solution IS prepared in methanol at a volume ratio of methanol: IS working solution 100: (0.9-3.5). For example, in a preferred embodiment of the present invention, 100. mu.L of methanol contains 2. mu.L of IS working solution. IS working solutions are commercially available and include various types of internal standard working solutions for (LC-MS/MS) detection, also known as mixed working solutions, and the like.
Mixing whole blood with methanol and IS working solution according to the mixing ratio of 1: (3-6): (0.08-0.2). The proportion can be finely adjusted according to actual conditions. For example, 1: 4: 0.1,1: 4: 0.18,1: 4: 0.15,1: 5: 0.2,1: 5: 0.09,1: 5: 0.11, and so on.
In the step (c), if the formic acid solution is used, the supernatant blow-dried substance is not easy to dissolve, and the uniform dissolution can be assisted by adopting modes such as vortex, oscillation and the like.
The formic acid aqueous solution can adopt the concentration of 0.05-0.2%, namely 0.05-0.2 μ L formic acid in 100 μ L solution. Preferably, the formic acid content may be adjusted as appropriate, for example, the concentration of the aqueous formic acid solution used is 0.05%, 0.08%, 0.10%, 0.12%, 0.15%, 0.18%, etc.
Generally, the detection of the content of ethyl sulfate in the blood sample can be performed by means of a conventional technique in the field. In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the content of ethyl sulfate is detected using an LC-MS/MS analysis method.
The LC-MS (liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry) analysis method has high sensitivity and can accurately detect substances in a small amount of samples. In the preferred embodiment of the invention, the LC-MS/MS technology is adopted to detect the content of the ethyl sulfate, so that the sample number is possibly small due to sample sending time, individual difference, case specificity and the like during necropsy, and the LC-MS/MS technology can be better matched with the detection of the content of the ethyl sulfate in the heart blood.
The marker of the invention can be used for distinguishing death due to drinking and post-mortem alcohol filling. Generally, the content of ethyl sulfate in dead blood of alcoholism is much greater than that in post-mortem alcohol-filled cadaver blood.
Preferably, the content of ethyl sulfate in the blood sample is not less than 10 mug/mL, and the patient can be judged to die due to alcoholism.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the amount of blood ethyl sulfate in the rabbit model simulating alcoholism death is >12 μ g/mL.
Specifically, the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
EtS in blood was used to differentiate between pre-prandial drinking and post-mortem alcohol filling experiments: selecting male New Zealand white rabbits, establishing a blank control group, a group with alcohol death and a group with alcohol pouring after death, collecting heart blood at different time points after death (the blank control group and the group with alcohol death) or after alcohol pouring (the group with alcohol pouring after death), measuring the EtS concentration in the blood by using a liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), and observing the influence of different experimental interventions on the concentration of the EtS in the blood.
The results confirmed that: EtS in blood has higher concentration in a rabbit model with death due to alcohol intoxication, and has extremely low concentration in alcohol pouring after death, thereby providing a biomarker for the difference between alcohol drinking death and alcohol pouring after death.
Currently, most cadaveric toxicant tests only collect blood for common toxicant tests, wherein only Blood Alcohol Concentration (BAC) is related to alcohol, and higher than lethal concentration of BAC is usually judged to be alcoholism death by a forensic doctor. For the case of alcohol filling after death, BAC with concentration higher than the lethal concentration cannot reflect the condition of alcoholism of the people concerned, but is easy to cause misjudgment of alcohol drinking and death. According to the invention, alcohol drinking death and post-mortem alcohol filling can be distinguished by detecting the concentration of EtS in blood, so that the accuracy of determining the cause of death of the post-mortem alcohol filling case can be greatly improved.
The invention is verified in corpses, and the EtS concentration in blood is higher in death due to drinking; in post-mortem alcohol, however, the concentration of EtS in the blood is very low.
In addition, the current method for detecting EtS in blood mainly adopts an LC-MS/MS analysis method, and most judicial identification laboratories have instrument conditions and technical capabilities for detecting EtS.
Within the technical scope of the field, the detection of EtS in blood can be realized by various means and experimental methods, and the purpose of distinguishing death due to drinking and post-mortem alcohol filling can be achieved.
The invention discloses a biomarker for distinguishing death due to drinking and post-mortem alcohol filling, wherein the biomarker is ethyl sulfate (EtS) in blood. EtS is less affected by putrefaction in blood and has stable concentration. Experiments prove that EtS in blood is at high concentration (>12 mu g/mL) in a rabbit model simulating alcoholism death, and the concentration is extremely low (<0.20 mu g/mL) in a rabbit model simulating post-death alcohol filling, and the EtS and the rabbit model have obvious difference, so that a reliable marker is provided for distinguishing drinking death from post-death alcohol filling.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the invention provides EtS in blood as a marker for distinguishing alcohol death from post-mortem alcohol.
2. The detection of the blood EtS is simple, can be finished in a laboratory provided with an LC-MS/MS analyzer, and can realize more accurate concentration detection by using the detection method of LC-MS/MS in the current literature report.
Drawings
FIG. 1: the method flow for distinguishing the death due to drinking and the post-mortem alcohol filling by taking the blood EtS as a detection object.
FIG. 2: LC-MS/MS analysis of the concentration of EtS in blood, P <0.001, compared to the alcohol-killed group.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described with reference to the drawings and the following detailed description, which are not intended to limit the invention in any way. Reagents, methods and apparatus employed are conventional in the art unless otherwise indicated. The description of the embodiments is only intended to serve for understanding the method of the invention and its core idea. It should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, without departing from the principle of the present invention, several improvements and modifications can be made to the present invention, and these improvements and modifications will also fall into the protection scope of the claims of the present invention.
Example 1:
1. laboratory animal
The experiment adopts New Zealand white rabbits and males for establishing a model of alcohol death after drinking and alcohol filling after death, and the weight of the model is 1.9-2.5 kg. And (4) normal diet. The experimental animals were completely randomly grouped.
2. Making a model
Control group: perfusing stomach through gastric perfusion tube with normal saline of the same volume/kg as that of alcohol-drinking death group, and CO after 2h2And (6) killing.
② group died after drinking: intragastric 2LD50Alcohol of concentration (2 LD)5012.6g/kg), cadaver preservation conditions and materials were taken as same as the control group. If the rabbit does not die, CO is added after 2 hours of gastric lavage2And (6) killing.
③ filling the wine after death: rabbit CO2After death, gavage 2LD at different time intervals50The alcohol and the corpse preservation conditions are the same as those of a control group, and heart blood is taken 10min, 4h, 10h, 24h and 34h after gastric lavage.
3. Experiment grouping
Control group (gavage volume/kg physiological saline same as that of wine-filled group, CO after 2h2Sacrifice): 6 cases of rabbits
Group of death after drinking (gavage 2 LD)50After 2h CO2Sacrifice): 6 cases of rabbits
0h after death wine-filling group (CO)2Intragastric lavage 2LD immediately after sacrifice50Alcohol): 6 cases of rabbits
Filling wine group 0.5h after death (CO)2Gavage 2LD 0.5h after sacrifice50Alcohol): 6 cases of rabbits
Wine set filled 1h after death (CO)21h after sacrifice, gavage 2LD50Alcohol): 6 cases of rabbits
Post mortem 2h wine-filling group (CO)22h after sacrifice, gavage 2LD50Alcohol): 6 cases of rabbits
The dead rabbit bodies of each group are stored in an environment at 25 ℃ in a supine position, the normal death group and the death group after drinking wine take the heart blood 10min, 4h, 10h, 24h and 34h after death, the wine filling group after death takes the heart blood 10min, 4h, 10h, 24h and 34h after drinking, and the blood collection amount is at least 200 mu L. The experimental operating method is shown in the attached figure 1.
4. Sample detection
The samples were assayed using the LC-MS/MS analysis method described in the specification of Determination of ethyl glucose and ethyl sulfate in human white blood and vitamin humor by LC-MS/MS and applications to the interpretation of physiological ethanol definitions (Journal of Analytical biology, 2020, accepted), published by Hao Wang et al. mu.L of whole blood, 100. mu.L of methanol (2. mu.L of IS-containing working solution) was added to a 2mL EP tube. Samples were vortexed for 5min and centrifuged (13523g, 10 min). The supernatant was air dried at 60 ℃ and then reconstituted with 50. mu.L of 0.1% formic acid aqueous solution, vortexed for 5min and centrifuged (13523g, 10 min). Transfer 40. mu.L of supernatant to injection vial, and inject 5. mu.L for LC-MS/MS analysis.
As shown in the attached figure 2, high concentration of EtS (>12 μ g/mL) was detected in blood of alcohol-drinking dead rabbits, and the EtS in the post-mortem alcohol-filling rabbits was at a very low level (<0.20 μ g/mL) with no significant change over time, indicating the effectiveness of EtS in blood as a means of distinguishing alcohol-drinking dead from post-mortem alcohol-filling.
The above description is only for the specific embodiments of the present application, but the scope of the present application is not limited thereto, and any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present disclosure should be covered within the scope of the present application. Therefore, the protection scope of the present application shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.
Claims (9)
1. A marker for distinguishing between alcohol death and post-mortem alcohol, wherein the active ingredient of the marker comprises ethyl sulfate.
2. The marker of claim 1, wherein said marker is ethyl sulfate in a cadaveric blood sample.
3. A method for distinguishing death due to drinking from post-mortem alcohol filling, which is characterized by comprising the following steps of detecting the content of ethyl sulfate in blood:
obtaining a cadaver blood sample;
and detecting the content of the ethyl sulfate in the blood sample.
4. The method of claim 3, wherein the blood sample is a drawn cadaver heart blood sample.
5. The method of claim 3, wherein the time to obtain the cadaver blood sample is from the time of death and the heart blood is taken at a time point of 10min to 48 hours.
6. The method according to claim 3, wherein the method comprises the steps of pre-treating the blood sample before detecting the content of ethyl sulfate;
the pretreatment sequentially comprises the following steps:
(a) mixing whole blood with methanol and IS working solution according to the volume ratio of 1: 3-6: 0.08-0.2;
(b) centrifuging and taking a supernatant;
(c) drying the supernatant, adding 0.05-0.2% formic acid water solution, dissolving, and centrifuging;
(d) and taking the supernatant for detecting the content of the ethyl sulfate.
7. The method according to any one of claims 3 to 6, wherein the detection of the ethyl sulfate content in the blood sample is performed by LC-MS/MS analysis.
8. Use of a marker according to claim 1 or 2 for the preparation of a formulation for detecting alcohol death and post mortem alcohol.
9. The use of claim 8, wherein said test agent tests for ethyl sulfate in a blood sample from a cadaver of a dying person who has drunk alcohol to be significantly higher than the ethyl sulfate in a post-mortem alcohol.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2023179228A1 (en) * | 2022-05-16 | 2023-09-28 | 山西医科大学 | Method for calculating drinking time |
Citations (2)
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2009054784A1 (en) * | 2007-10-23 | 2009-04-30 | Anaxcess Ab | Method for assessing previous ethanol intake |
| CN110658268A (en) * | 2018-06-28 | 2020-01-07 | 复旦大学 | Method for simultaneously detecting multiple ethanol non-oxidized metabolites in blood spots |
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2020
- 2020-07-24 CN CN202010724391.7A patent/CN113970603A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2009054784A1 (en) * | 2007-10-23 | 2009-04-30 | Anaxcess Ab | Method for assessing previous ethanol intake |
| CN110658268A (en) * | 2018-06-28 | 2020-01-07 | 复旦大学 | Method for simultaneously detecting multiple ethanol non-oxidized metabolites in blood spots |
Non-Patent Citations (3)
| Title |
|---|
| HEGE KRABSETH ET AL.: "Assistance of ethyl glucuronide and ethyl sulfate in the interpretation of postmortem ethanol findings", 《INT J LEGAL MED》 * |
| YUMING LIU ET AL.: "Stability of Ethyl Glucuronide, Ethyl Sulfate, Phosphatidylethanols and Fatty Acid Ethyl Esters in Postmortem Human Blood", 《JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL TOXICOLOGY》 * |
| 禹明筠 等: "探究尸体血样中乙醇、乙基葡萄糖醛酸苷和硫酸乙酯的产生", 《中国法医学杂志》 * |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2023179228A1 (en) * | 2022-05-16 | 2023-09-28 | 山西医科大学 | Method for calculating drinking time |
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