CN113968021A - 4D printing thermal driving deformable material - Google Patents
4D printing thermal driving deformable material Download PDFInfo
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- CN113968021A CN113968021A CN202111218840.1A CN202111218840A CN113968021A CN 113968021 A CN113968021 A CN 113968021A CN 202111218840 A CN202111218840 A CN 202111218840A CN 113968021 A CN113968021 A CN 113968021A
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- layer structure
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- top layer
- bottom layer
- deformable material
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- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 49
- 238000007639 printing Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 47
- 239000004626 polylactic acid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229920000747 poly(lactic acid) Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010146 3D printing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003446 memory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000638 stimulation Effects 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
- B29C64/10—Processes of additive manufacturing
- B29C64/106—Processes of additive manufacturing using only liquids or viscous materials, e.g. depositing a continuous bead of viscous material
- B29C64/118—Processes of additive manufacturing using only liquids or viscous materials, e.g. depositing a continuous bead of viscous material using filamentary material being melted, e.g. fused deposition modelling [FDM]
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B33/00—Layered products characterised by particular properties or particular surface features, e.g. particular surface coatings; Layered products designed for particular purposes not covered by another single class
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
- B29K2067/00—Use of polyesters or derivatives thereof, as moulding material
- B29K2067/04—Polyesters derived from hydroxycarboxylic acids
- B29K2067/046—PLA, i.e. polylactic acid or polylactide
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a 4D printing thermal driving deformable material which is formed by adopting a polylactic acid wire as a printing material and printing the polylactic acid wire by utilizing a desktop-level fused deposition modeling 3D printer; comprises a bottom layer structure and a top layer structure which are connected in a laminated way; the bottom layer structure and the top layer structure are formed by stacking a plurality of printing layers; each printing layer is formed by filling and laying a plurality of mutually parallel linear paths. According to the 4D printing thermal driving deformable material, the thicknesses and linear path angles of the bottom layer structure and the top layer structure are changed, and four deformation modes can be realized when the material is heated in a constant-temperature water tank at the temperature higher than 60 ℃, so that the deformation of the whole 4D printing material under the driving of a thermal field is accurately controlled.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of deformable materials, in particular to a 4D printing thermal driving deformable material.
Background
4D printing refers to objects manufactured by using intelligent materials as raw materials and using a 3D printing technology, and the shape of the objects can change along with the passage of time or under external stimulation (illumination, electromagnetism, temperature, humidity and the like). By predefining the structure or arrangement of the printing material, the printing material can be deformed into a target shape. The two characteristics of the 4D printing, namely the deformability and the programmability, enable people to print objects with simple shapes in production, and enable the objects to be deformed into complex target shapes in a preset external environment, so that the manufacturing and transportation processes are greatly simplified, and the printing ink has a wide application prospect in the fields of aerospace, medical treatment, buildings, robots, military affairs and the like.
However, the existing 4D printing usually needs a multi-material system, a complicated material preparation process and an expensive 3D printing machine to implement, and at the same time, if the relation between an effective printing process and a target shape is not established, the application of the 4D printing in the related industries is greatly limited.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention provides a 4D printing thermal driving deformable material, which only needs to use a single printing material, a double-layer structure is printed by a desktop-level Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM)3D printer, and four deformation modes can be realized during heating by changing the thickness of each layer and the printing path angle thereof, so that the deformable material is deformed into a complex shape with different strain and curvature.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides a 4D printing thermal driving deformable material which is formed by adopting a polylactic acid wire as a printing material and printing the polylactic acid wire by utilizing a desktop-level fused deposition modeling 3D printer; comprises a bottom layer structure and a top layer structure which are connected in a laminated way; the bottom layer structure and the top layer structure are rectangular; the bottom layer structure and the top layer structure are respectively formed by stacking a plurality of printing layers; each printing layer is formed by filling and laying a plurality of mutually parallel linear paths; the thickness of the bottom layer structure is a first preset value; the thickness of the top layer structure is a second preset value; the included angle between the linear path of the bottom layer structure and the long edge of the bottom layer structure is the same and is a first preset included angle; the included angle between the linear path of the top layer structure and the long edge of the top layer structure is the same and is a second preset included angle.
Preferably, the height of the print layer is 0.1 mm.
Preferably, the first preset included angle and the second preset included angle are the same or different in size.
Preferably, the print density of the linear path of the print layer is 100%.
Due to the adoption of the technical scheme, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
only a single printing material and a desktop-level fused deposition modeling 3D printer are used, and the deformation of the whole 4D printing material under the drive of a thermal field can be controlled by controlling the structural parameters of the printed double-layer structure, such as the thickness of each layer and the printing path angle. The method has four deformation modes, guides the cloud picture according to the preset design, can accurately predict the deformation shape of the 4D printing material under the condition of knowing the temperature of an external thermal field and the structural parameters of each layer, and can reversely deduce the required structural parameters of the initial 4D printing material according to the parameters of strain, curvature and the like of the required deformation shape.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a 4D printed thermally actuated deformable material according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a bottom layer structure according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a top layer structure according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 to 7 show four modification modes of the embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following description of the preferred embodiments of the present invention will be provided in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, which are set forth in the accompanying drawings of fig. 1-7, and will make the functions and features of the invention better understood.
Referring to fig. 1 to 7, a 4D printing thermally-driven deformable material according to an embodiment of the present invention is formed by using a polylactic acid (PLA) wire as a printing material and printing the printing material by using a desktop-level fused deposition modeling 3D printer; comprises a bottom layer structure 1 and a top layer structure 2 which are connected in a laminated way; the bottom layer structure 1 and the top layer structure 2 are rectangular; the bottom layer structure 1 and the top layer structure 2 are respectively formed by stacking a plurality of printing layers 3; each printing layer 3 is formed by filling and laying a plurality of mutually parallel linear paths; the thickness of the substructure 1 is at a first preset value t 1; the thickness of the top layer structure 2 is a second preset value t 2; the linear path of the bottom layer structure 1 has the same included angle with the long side of the bottom layer structure 1 and is a first preset included angle theta1(ii) a The linear path of the top layer structure 2 has the same included angle with the long side of the top layer structure 2 and is a second preset included angle theta2。
The height of the print layer 3 was 0.1 mm. The number of print layers 3 comprised by the base structure 1 and the top structure 2 depends on the respective thickness.
First preset included angle theta1And a second predetermined angle theta2Are the same or different in size.
The print density of the linear path of the print layer 3 was 100%.
After the 4D printing thermally-driven deformable material of this embodiment is printed, it may be heated in a constant-temperature hot water bath device (heating temperature higher than 60 degrees celsius). Under the drive of an external thermal field, the printing layer 3 can shrink along the direction of a printing path due to the shape memory effect, so that thermal mismatch is generated between the bottom layer structure 1 and the top layer structure 2, the whole deformable material is driven to deform in a plane or out of a plane, and the original rectangular deformation is changed into a pre-designed complex target shape.
The 4D printing thermal driving deformable material provided by the embodiment of the invention is formed by printing with an FDM printer by taking a PLA wire as a printing material. After a three-dimensional model is built according to the length, the width and the total thickness of a rectangular material, slicing software is used for slicing, and meanwhile, the thickness and the linear path angle of the bottom layer structure 1 and the top layer structure 2 are controlled, so that the shape of the material after being heated and deformed is changed.
The 4D printed thermally actuated deformable material of the present invention has four deformation modes, i.e., in-plane tension and compression deformation of fig. 4, in-plane shear deformation of fig. 5, out-of-plane bending deformation of fig. 6, and out-of-plane torsion deformation of fig. 7.
The ratio of the thicknesses of the bottom layer structure 1 and the top layer structure 2 and the linear path angle thereof required for realizing the four deformation modes are higher than 60 ℃.
Referring to fig. 1 and 4, when the deformation mode is in-plane tension-compression deformation, the deformed material is in the same plane as the original material, and the material is elongated or compressed along the length and width directions. For achieving in-plane tension-compression deformation, i.e. shear strain and three curvature values all equal to 0, of the bottom layer structure 1 and the top layer structure 2The angle of the linear path is required to satisfy theta1＝θ20 ° or 90 °.
Referring to fig. 1 and 5, when the deformation mode is in-plane shear deformation, the deformed material and the initial material are still in the same plane, but the material is not only subjected to side length change, but also subjected to shear deformation. To achieve in-plane shear deformation, i.e. three curvature values of 0 but three strain values of other than 0, the linear path angles of the underlying structure 1 and the overlying structure 2 need to satisfy theta1＝θ2And is not equal to 0 ° or 90 °.
Referring to fig. 1 and 6, when the deformation mode is out-of-plane bending deformation, the deformed material is bent into a saddle-shaped curved surface. To achieve out-of-plane bending deformation, the values of the three strains and the two curvatures except for the curvature are not 0. As the thickness ratio of the bottom layer structure 1 and the top layer structure 2 is different, the conditions to be satisfied by the linear path angle are also different.
Referring to fig. 1 and 7, when the deformation does not belong to the three deformation modes, the deformation is out-of-plane torsion deformation, and the material is twisted into a complex three-dimensional curved surface. When out-of-plane torsional deformation occurs, the three strains and the three curvatures are not 0. When the thickness ratio and the linear path angle of the bottom layer structure 1 and the top layer structure 2 are changed, the strain and curvature values describing deformation are different, so that different deformed complex three-dimensional curved surfaces can be obtained, and accurate shape control is realized.
After the deformable material is printed according to certain structural parameters, the deformation is driven by an external heating field. The external heating field is provided by a constant temperature water tank with a temperature control device, and the heating temperature is higher than 60 ℃. The printed material can be directly placed into a constant-temperature water tank to stand for 3 minutes, and then can be deformed into a preset complex shape.
While the present invention has been described in detail and with reference to the embodiments thereof as illustrated in the accompanying drawings, it will be apparent to one skilled in the art that various changes and modifications can be made therein. Therefore, certain details of the embodiments are not to be interpreted as limiting, and the scope of the invention is to be determined by the appended claims.
Claims (4)
1. A4D printing thermal driving deformable material is characterized in that a polylactic acid wire is used as a printing material and is printed by a desktop-level fused deposition modeling 3D printer; comprises a bottom layer structure and a top layer structure which are connected in a laminated way; the bottom layer structure and the top layer structure are rectangular; the bottom layer structure and the top layer structure are respectively formed by stacking a plurality of printing layers; each printing layer is formed by filling and laying a plurality of mutually parallel linear paths; the thickness of the bottom layer structure is a first preset value; the thickness of the top layer structure is a second preset value; the included angle between the linear path of the bottom layer structure and the long edge of the bottom layer structure is the same and is a first preset included angle; the included angle between the linear path of the top layer structure and the long edge of the top layer structure is the same and is a second preset included angle.
2. The 4D printed thermally actuated deformable material of claim 1, wherein the height of the printed layer is 0.1 mm.
3. The 4D printed thermally actuated deformable material of claim 2, wherein the first and second predetermined included angles are the same or different in magnitude.
4. The 4D printed thermally actuated deformable material of claim 2, wherein the printed density of the linear path of the printed layer is 100%.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202111218840.1A CN113968021A (en) | 2021-10-20 | 2021-10-20 | 4D printing thermal driving deformable material |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202111218840.1A CN113968021A (en) | 2021-10-20 | 2021-10-20 | 4D printing thermal driving deformable material |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN113968021A true CN113968021A (en) | 2022-01-25 |
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Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202111218840.1A Pending CN113968021A (en) | 2021-10-20 | 2021-10-20 | 4D printing thermal driving deformable material |
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| Country | Link |
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| CN (1) | CN113968021A (en) |
Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109968658A (en) * | 2019-01-07 | 2019-07-05 | 浙江大学 | Cross based on temperature-responsive-band double-layer structure 4D Method of printing |
| CN111391306A (en) * | 2020-03-21 | 2020-07-10 | 吉林大学 | 3D printing forming method for converting plane shape into three-dimensional structure |
-
2021
- 2021-10-20 CN CN202111218840.1A patent/CN113968021A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109968658A (en) * | 2019-01-07 | 2019-07-05 | 浙江大学 | Cross based on temperature-responsive-band double-layer structure 4D Method of printing |
| CN111391306A (en) * | 2020-03-21 | 2020-07-10 | 吉林大学 | 3D printing forming method for converting plane shape into three-dimensional structure |
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Application publication date: 20220125 |