CN113964849A - Self-adaptive inertia VSG control method for micro-grid inverter - Google Patents
Self-adaptive inertia VSG control method for micro-grid inverter Download PDFInfo
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- CN113964849A CN113964849A CN202111209426.4A CN202111209426A CN113964849A CN 113964849 A CN113964849 A CN 113964849A CN 202111209426 A CN202111209426 A CN 202111209426A CN 113964849 A CN113964849 A CN 113964849A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/24—Arrangements for preventing or reducing oscillations of power in networks
- H02J3/241—The oscillation concerning frequency
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/38—Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
- H02J3/388—Islanding, i.e. disconnection of local power supply from the network
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/38—Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
- H02J3/40—Synchronising a generator for connection to a network or to another generator
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- Control Of Eletrric Generators (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a microgrid inverter self-adaptive inertia VSG control method, which comprises the following steps: acquiring the offset of the angular speed and the change rate of the angular speed of the virtual synchronous generator in an oscillation period; comparing the offset of the angular velocity with a first threshold value to obtain a first comparison result; comparing the change rate of the angular velocity with a second threshold value to obtain a second comparison result; and acquiring the virtual inertia of the virtual synchronous generator according to the first comparison result and the second comparison result. The frequency and voltage regulation is realized by adding inertia and damping links in the droop control link of the virtual synchronous generator, and the system stability is improved, so that the VSG virtual inertia is regulated in real time through the system running state when the VSG isolated island operation is disturbed, and the stability of the frequency of the microgrid system is further kept.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of virtual synchronous generator control, in particular to a microgrid inverter self-adaptive inertia VSG control method.
Background
The microgrid consists of a distributed power supply, an energy storage device, a control device, a load and the like, and can operate in an island mode and a grid-connected mode. When the micro-grid system is in grid-connected operation, the stability of the frequency and the voltage of the micro-grid system is mainly supported by a large power grid; in island operation, the system frequency and voltage stability are completely maintained by itself.
The distributed power supply is widely connected with the inverter and has no inertia and damping characteristics, so that the disturbance resistance is weak. A Virtual Synchronous Generator (VSG) control strategy is a control mode provided based on stator and rotor equations of a Synchronous Generator, simulates the excellent frequency and voltage regulation characteristics of the Synchronous Generator, and adds inertia and damping in a droop controller to realize frequency and voltage regulation so as to improve the stability of a system. However, the existing VSG control strategy adopts a fixed and unchangeable virtual inertia value, so that the VSG control system has a problem in considering both rapidity and stability.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of this, the embodiment of the invention provides a method for controlling a self-adaptive inertia VSG of a microgrid inverter, so as to solve the problems in the prior art.
The embodiment of the invention provides a self-adaptive inertia VSG control method for a microgrid inverter, which comprises the following steps:
acquiring the offset of the angular speed and the change rate of the angular speed of the virtual synchronous generator in an oscillation period;
comparing the offset of the angular velocity with a first threshold value to obtain a first comparison result;
comparing the change rate of the angular velocity with a second threshold value to obtain a second comparison result;
acquiring the virtual inertia of the virtual synchronous generator according to the first comparison result and the second comparison result;
and determining a control strategy of the virtual synchronous generator according to the virtual inertia.
Optionally, after obtaining the virtual inertia of the virtual synchronous generator according to the first comparison result and the second comparison result, the method further includes:
calculating and processing the virtual inertia by adopting an exponential average index algorithm to obtain a smooth instruction;
the virtual synchronous generator is driven by the smooth command.
Optionally, the method further comprises: and filtering the output current and the output voltage.
Optionally, the calculating the virtual inertia by using an exponential average index algorithm to obtain the smoothing instruction includes:
and (4) calculating the difference between the real-time virtual inertia and the virtual inertia at the previous moment, and summing the difference and the virtual inertia at the previous moment after weighted calculation to obtain the smooth virtual inertia.
Alternatively, if the period of the exponential averaging indicator algorithm is N, the weighting factor q is 2/(N + 1).
Optionally, the obtaining the virtual inertia of the virtual synchronous generator according to the first comparison result and the second comparison result includes:
when the first comparison result shows that the offset of the angular velocity is smaller than a first threshold value, the virtual inertia is a first virtual inertia initial value; the initial value of the first virtual inertia is a constant;
when the first comparison result is that the offset of the angular velocity is greater than or equal to a first threshold value and the second comparison result is that the change rate of the angular velocity is greater than a second threshold value, the virtual inertia is a second virtual inertia initial value; the initial value of the second virtual inertia is a constant;
when the first comparison result shows that the offset of the angular velocity is larger than a first threshold value and the second comparison result shows that the change rate of the angular velocity is smaller than a second threshold value, the virtual inertia is a third virtual inertia; the third virtual inertia is a variable.
Optionally, the first threshold is set according to the angular speed of the virtual synchronous generator in smooth running; the value range of the first threshold is +/-1% -5% of the angular speed of the virtual synchronous generator in stable operation.
Optionally, the second threshold is 0.
Optionally, the first virtual inertia initial value and the second virtual inertia initial value have the same value.
Optionally, the third virtual inertia is composed of a third virtual inertia initial value and an adaptive variable; the adaptive variable is the product of the droop coefficient and the low-pass filter output; the input end of the low-pass filter is connected with a power grid, and the output end of the low-pass filter is connected with the input end of the VSG controller.
The embodiment of the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the embodiment of the invention provides a self-adaptive inertia VSG control method of a microgrid inverter, which is characterized in that an inertia link and a damping link are added in a droop control link of a virtual synchronous generator to realize frequency and voltage regulation and improve the stability of a system, so that when the VSG isolated island operation is disturbed, the VSG virtual inertia is regulated in real time through the operation state of the system, and the stability of the frequency of a microgrid system is further maintained.
Drawings
The features and advantages of the present invention will be more clearly understood by reference to the accompanying drawings, which are illustrative and not to be construed as limiting the invention in any way, and in which:
fig. 1 shows a flowchart of a method for controlling a microgrid inverter adaptive inertia VSG according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 shows a block diagram of a microgrid inverter adaptive inertia VSG control system based on an EMA algorithm in the embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 shows a power angle characteristic of a VSG synchronous generator;
FIG. 4 shows a rotor angular velocity oscillation period curve of a VSG synchronous generator;
fig. 5 shows a simulation model of the microgrid inverter adaptive inertia VSG control system based on the EMA algorithm in the embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The embodiment of the invention provides a microgrid inverter self-adaptive inertia VSG control method, which comprises the following steps of:
in step S10, the amount of deviation of the angular velocity and the rate of change of the angular velocity of the virtual synchronous generator within one oscillation period are acquired.
The microgrid inverter self-adaptive inertia VSG control system is characterized by being mainly composed of a virtual excitation controller, a virtual speed regulator and an electromagnetic equation, wherein L is a filter inductor, C is a filter capacitor, and P iseFor the active power output by the inverter, Q for the reactive power output by the inverter, I0、U0Respectively, the current and voltage of the VSG after passing through the LC filter circuit.
The synchronous generator rotor motion equation is as follows:
in the formula (1), J is virtual inertia, D is damping, and P ism、PeMechanical power and electromagnetic power respectively, omega is VSG angular velocity, omegagAnd delta is the angular velocity of the power grid and the virtual power angle.
Combining the VSG power-angle characteristic curves and the rotor angular velocity oscillation period curves shown in fig. 3 and 4, it can be seen that one oscillation period of the rotor angular velocity is divided into [ t ]1,t2]、[t2,t3]、[t3,t4]、[t4, t5]And 4 intervals, acquiring the angular speed and the angular speed change rate in the oscillation period.
In step S20, the offset of the angular velocity is compared with a first threshold to obtain a first comparison result.
Step S30, the rate of change of the angular velocity is compared with a second threshold value to obtain a second comparison result.
In the present embodiment, as shown in fig. 3, in the interval [ t ]1,t2]Middle, omega>ω0And d ω/dt>0, monotonically increasing omega, wherein the virtual inertia J is increased, the angular velocity change rate is reduced, and the constraint angular velocity omega is increased;
in the interval [ t2,t3]Middle, omega>ω0And d ω/dt<0, ω monotonically decreases, at which time the virtual inertia J should decreaseSlowing the increase of the angular velocity omega;
in the interval [ t3,t4]Middle, omega<ω0D omega/dt is less than 0, omega is monotonically decreased, the virtual inertia J is increased, and the decrease of the angular speed omega is slowed down;
in the interval [ t4,t5]Middle, omega<ω n and d ω/dt>0, ω monotonically increases, and at this time, the virtual inertia J should be decreased, slowing down ω drop.
From the above analysis, it can be seen that the virtual inertia J is not only related to d ω/dt, but also related to the virtual angular velocity ω and the angular velocity ω when the VSG operates smoothly0The difference is related.
It should be noted that step S20 and step S30 are not in sequence.
And step S40, acquiring the virtual inertia of the virtual synchronous generator according to the first comparison result and the second comparison result.
And step S50, determining a control strategy of the virtual synchronous generator according to the virtual inertia.
The P-f droop characteristics can be derived from: pm=Pref+(f-f0) m, wherein m is the sag factor, PrefIs an active power reference value, f is a system frequency, f0Is the initial frequency.
As can be seen from equation (1), if the VSG virtual inertia selection value is too small, then d ω/dt changes rapidly, which is not favorable for system stability; if the virtual inertia in the VSG is too large, the d omega/dt changes slowly, and the dynamic response performance of the system is influenced. And obtaining the relation between the virtual inertia J and the virtual angular velocity omega through the steps S20 and S30 to obtain the virtual inertia adjusting strategy of the virtual synchronous generator.
In this embodiment, a value of virtual inertia of the virtual synchronous generator is related to the first comparison result and the second comparison result, the value of the virtual inertia of the virtual synchronous generator is determined by the offset of the angular velocity and the change rate of the angular velocity, and an inertia and damping link is added in a droop control link of the virtual synchronous generator to realize frequency and voltage regulation and improve system stability, so that when the operation of a VSG island is disturbed, the VSG virtual inertia is regulated in real time according to the operation state of the system, and further, the stability of the frequency of the microgrid system is maintained.
As an optional implementation manner, after step S40, the method further includes:
and calculating the virtual inertia by adopting an exponential average index algorithm to obtain a smooth instruction. Specifically, the difference between the real-time virtual inertia and the previous virtual inertia is calculated through weighting, and then the sum of the difference and the previous virtual inertia is calculated to obtain the smooth virtual inertia. And driving the virtual synchronous generator through the smooth command.
In this embodiment, the virtual inertia obtained in step S40 is processed by using an exponential average index algorithm (EMA).
The smoothing instruction of the self-adaptive inertia is sent by an EMA algorithm, the algorithm has the advantages of easy calculation and realization, and the smoothing instruction can be generated as follows:
Jcom(t)=[(Jcurrent-Jcom(t-1))×q]+Jcom(t-1)
wherein JcomIs a smoothing instruction calculated by EMA, JcurrentIs the virtual inertia measured in real time, which is derived from the frequency in real time. q is a weighting factor. For cycle-based EMA, the weighting factor q may be calculated as q 2/(N +1), where N is the specified number of cycles. In practical applications, N may be specified by a system operator. In general, the larger the value of N, the smoother the resulting instruction. Because the weighting factor is added in the formula, the command sent by the system can overcome the hysteresis defect of response frequency change and improve the rapidity of response.
As an optional implementation, further comprising: and filtering the output current and the output voltage.
In the present embodiment, as shown in fig. 2 and 5, the output voltage current is subjected to filter processing by an LC filter circuit.
As an optional embodiment, the obtaining the virtual inertia of the virtual synchronous generator according to the first comparison result and the second comparison result includes:
when the first comparison result shows that the offset of the angular velocity is smaller than a first threshold value, the virtual inertia is a first virtual inertia initial value; the initial value of the first virtual inertia is a constant;
when the first comparison result is that the offset of the angular velocity is greater than or equal to a first threshold value and the second comparison result is that the change rate of the angular velocity is greater than a second threshold value, the virtual inertia is a second virtual inertia initial value; the initial value of the second virtual inertia is a constant;
when the first comparison result shows that the offset of the angular velocity is larger than a first threshold value and the second comparison result shows that the change rate of the angular velocity is smaller than a second threshold value, the virtual inertia is a third virtual inertia; the third virtual inertia is a variable.
In this embodiment, the virtual inertia adjustment policy is as follows: the third virtual inertia is composed of a third virtual inertia initial value and an adaptive variable; the adaptive variable is the product of the droop coefficient and the low-pass filter output; the input end of the low-pass filter is connected with a power grid, and the output end of the low-pass filter is connected with the input end of the VSG controller.
In the formula, J0Is the initial value of the virtual inertia; omegagIs a low pass filter parameter; k is a limiting value of the angular velocity offset, namely a first threshold, represents that the angular velocity offset is within a limiting range, is considered to be normal, and is used as one of the bases for adjusting the virtual inertia. Δ ω represents an angular velocity offset, i.e., an angular velocity from an angular velocity reference value ω in a steady operation state0The difference between them. In a particular embodiment, Δ ω is taken as an absolute value.
If delta omega is less than k, the initial value J of the virtual inertia is taken0(ii) a If delta omega is larger than or equal to k and d omega/dt is smaller than 0, the initial value J of the virtual inertia is taken by the virtual inertia0On the basis of (1) superimposing the amount of the filtering parameter; if Δ ω ≦ k and d ω/dt>0, then the virtual inertia still takes the initial value J0。
In a specific embodiment, a plurality of selectable initial values of virtual inertia may be set correspondingly according to a system operating state, and the plurality of initial values of virtual inertia may have the same value or different values.
Through the VSG dynamic regulation strategy, the frequency and voltage regulation of the microgrid inverter is realized, and the system stability is improved.
As an alternative embodiment, the first threshold is set according to the angular speed of the virtual synchronous generator in smooth operation; the value range of the first threshold is +/-1% -5% of the angular speed of the virtual synchronous generator in stable operation.
In the present embodiment, the first threshold value is 2% of the angular velocity in the steady operation, provided that the angular velocity ω exceeds the angular velocity ω in the steady operation 02%, it is determined that the virtual inertia needs to be adjusted.
As an alternative embodiment, the second threshold is 0.
As an optional implementation manner, the first virtual inertia initial value and the second virtual inertia initial value have the same value.
In this embodiment, the first virtual inertia initial value and the second virtual inertia initial value have the same value, and the VSG control strategy is simplified.
It will be understood by those skilled in the art that all or part of the processes of the methods of the embodiments described above can be implemented by a computer program, which can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium, and when executed, can include the processes of the embodiments of the methods described above. The storage medium may be a magnetic disk, an optical disk, a Read-Only Memory (ROM), a Random Access Memory (RAM), a Flash Memory (Flash Memory), a Hard disk (Hard disk Drive, abbreviated as HDD), a Solid state Drive (Solid-state-sql Drive, SSD), or the like; the storage medium may also comprise a combination of memories of the kind described above.
Although the embodiments of the present invention have been described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, those skilled in the art may make various modifications and variations without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, and such modifications and variations fall within the scope defined by the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. A self-adaptive inertia VSG control method for a microgrid inverter is characterized by comprising the following steps:
acquiring the offset of the angular speed of the virtual synchronous generator in an oscillation period and the change rate of the angular speed;
comparing the offset of the angular velocity with a first threshold value to obtain a first comparison result;
comparing the change rate of the angular velocity with a second threshold value to obtain a second comparison result;
acquiring the virtual inertia of the virtual synchronous generator according to the first comparison result and the second comparison result;
and determining a control strategy of the virtual synchronous generator according to the virtual inertia.
2. The microgrid inverter adaptive inertia VSG control method according to claim 1, wherein after obtaining the virtual inertia of the virtual synchronous generator according to the first comparison result and the second comparison result, the method further comprises:
calculating the virtual inertia by adopting an exponential average index algorithm to obtain a smooth instruction;
driving the virtual synchronous generator through the smoothing instruction.
3. The microgrid inverter adaptive inertia VSG control method of claim 2, further comprising: and filtering the output current and the output voltage.
4. The microgrid inverter self-adaptive inertia VSG control method according to claim 2, wherein the step of calculating and processing the virtual inertia by using an exponential average index algorithm to obtain a smoothing instruction comprises the steps of:
and subtracting the real-time virtual inertia from the previous virtual inertia, and performing weighted calculation and summation calculation with the previous virtual inertia to obtain the smooth virtual inertia.
5. The microgrid inverter adaptive inertia VSG control method of claim 4, wherein the period of the exponential average index algorithm is N, and then the weighting factor q is 2/(N + 1).
6. The microgrid inverter adaptive inertia VSG control method of claim 1, wherein the obtaining the virtual inertia of the virtual synchronous generator according to the first comparison result and the second comparison result comprises:
when the first comparison result shows that the offset of the angular velocity is smaller than the first threshold, the virtual inertia is a first virtual inertia initial value; the initial value of the first virtual inertia is a constant;
when the first comparison result is that the offset of the angular velocity is greater than or equal to the first threshold value, and the second comparison result is that the change rate of the angular velocity is greater than the second threshold value, the virtual inertia is a second virtual inertia initial value; the initial value of the second virtual inertia is a constant;
when the first comparison result indicates that the offset of the angular velocity is greater than the first threshold value, and the second comparison result indicates that the change rate of the angular velocity is less than the second threshold value, the virtual inertia is a third virtual inertia; the third virtual inertia is a variable.
7. The microgrid inverter-adaptive inertia VSG control method of claim 1, wherein the first threshold is set according to an angular velocity of the virtual synchronous generator during steady operation; the value range of the first threshold is +/-1% -5% of the angular speed of the virtual synchronous generator in stable operation.
8. The microgrid inverter-adaptive inertia VSG control method of claim 1, wherein the second threshold is 0.
9. The microgrid inverter adaptive inertia VSG control method according to claim 6, wherein a first virtual inertia initial value and the second virtual inertia initial value are the same in value.
10. The microgrid inverter adaptive inertia VSG control method according to claim 6, wherein the third virtual inertia is composed of a third virtual inertia initial value and an adaptive variable; the adaptive variable is the product of the droop coefficient and the output of the low-pass filter; the input end of the low-pass filter is connected with a power grid, and the output end of the low-pass filter is connected with the input end of the VSG controller.
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Cited By (2)
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TWI807813B (en) * | 2022-05-06 | 2023-07-01 | 國立中央大學 | Virtual inertia estimating method and system for virtual synchronous generator |
CN116454910A (en) * | 2023-01-17 | 2023-07-18 | 国网江苏省电力有限公司 | Virtual synchronous machine inertia and primary frequency modulation cooperative self-adaptive control method and system |
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Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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TWI807813B (en) * | 2022-05-06 | 2023-07-01 | 國立中央大學 | Virtual inertia estimating method and system for virtual synchronous generator |
CN116454910A (en) * | 2023-01-17 | 2023-07-18 | 国网江苏省电力有限公司 | Virtual synchronous machine inertia and primary frequency modulation cooperative self-adaptive control method and system |
CN116454910B (en) * | 2023-01-17 | 2024-03-01 | 国网江苏省电力有限公司 | Virtual synchronous machine inertia and primary frequency modulation cooperative self-adaptive control method and system |
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