CN113961623A - Rainfall characteristic index statistical method based on short-duration data - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention provides a rainfall characteristic index statistical method based on short-duration data, which comprises the following steps: collecting and calculating precipitation data of each rainfall station in the flow field, and simultaneously determining the control area of each rainfall station; calculating the rainfall intensity of each rainfall record according to the beginning and ending time of each rainfall excerpted data of each rainfall station in a preset month and the rainfall; screening rainfall records of a single rainfall station according to different rainfall intensity standards, accumulating the rainfall of all the rainfall records reaching specific rainfall intensity, and multiplying the rainfall records by the control area of the rainfall station to obtain a first total rainfall amount reaching the specific rainfall intensity corresponding to the single rainfall station; and superposing the total rainfall amount reaching the specific rainfall intensity corresponding to each rainfall station in the river basin to obtain a second total rainfall amount reaching the specific rainfall intensity corresponding to the river basin. The method has the advantages of simple steps, clear concept, simple and convenient calculation and easy operation, and is an effective tool for researching rainfall change characteristics of the drainage basin.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of hydrological weather, in particular to a rainfall characteristic index statistical method based on short-duration data.
Background
The rainfall change characteristic research is an important field of climate change research and is also an important means for analyzing the change reasons of runoff, flood and sediment in a drainage basin. For areas mainly based on the super-percolation runoff, the changes of runoff, flood and silt in the drainage basin are simultaneously influenced by rainfall and rainfall intensity, and comprehensive rainfall indexes capable of reflecting the rainfall and the rainfall intensity simultaneously are needed to identify the change characteristics and the change trend of rainfall. On the other hand, the reliable short-duration rainfall data observed by the current water conservancy department is generally published in the hydrological statistics yearbook and appears in the form of a rainfall extraction table. The precipitation extraction data only record flood season data generally, and are mainly concentrated in 6-9 months, wherein the data of 7-8 months are basically complete. The precipitation extraction data generally comprises three parts of starting time, stopping time and precipitation, wherein the minimum precision of the starting time and the stopping time is 1min, the minimum precision of the precipitation is 0.1mm, and the recorded time interval is different from 1min to 24 h. At present, rainfall change research is carried out on the basis of data extracted from rainfall, which takes hours as a scale, and the observation precision of partial rainfall is lost.
Aiming at the situations, the rainfall and the rainfall duration of each rainfall record are counted one by one on the basis of the short-duration rainfall extraction data, the observation time precision (the maximum precision is 1min) is fully utilized, and a comprehensive rainfall characteristic index capable of reflecting the rainfall intensity and the rainfall change situation of the drainage basin at the same time is constructed. The method has the advantages of simple steps, clear concept, simple and convenient calculation and easy operation, is an effective tool for researching rainfall change characteristics of the drainage basin, and particularly has positive significance for researching rainfall change in the area with the super-seepage as a main area.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a rainfall characteristic index statistical method based on short-duration data, which is used for screening the single rainfall total amount of each rainfall station reaching specific rainfall intensity in a short-duration month according to the result of rainfall station measurement so as to obtain the total rainfall amount reaching the specific rainfall amount in a basin.
The invention provides a rainfall characteristic index statistical method based on short-duration data, which comprises the following steps:
step 1, collecting and calculating precipitation data of each rainfall station in a flow domain, and simultaneously determining the control area of each rainfall station;
step 2, calculating the rainfall intensity of each rainfall record according to the beginning and ending time of each rainfall excerpted data of each rainfall station in a preset month and the rainfall;
and 4, overlapping the total rainfall amount reaching the specific rainfall intensity corresponding to each rainfall station in the river basin to obtain a second total rainfall amount reaching the specific rainfall intensity corresponding to the river basin.
In a possible implementation manner, step 4, overlapping the total rainfall amounts reaching the specific rainfall intensity corresponding to each rainfall station in the drainage basin to obtain a second total rainfall amount reaching the specific rainfall intensity corresponding to the drainage basin, including:
calculating a second total rainfall amount corresponding to the drainage basin reaching a specific rainfall intensity according to the following formula:
in the formula: wrA second total rainfall amount corresponding to the drainage basin and reaching a specific rainfall intensity (r mm per minute) or more, wherein the unit is billionth of cubic meters; j is the jth rainfall station with the intensity more than r millimeters per minute in the drainage basin; m is the total number of the rainfall stations reaching the strength of more than r millimeters per minute in the drainage basin; n is the total rainfall record number of the rainfall station corresponding to the intensity of more than r millimeters per minute;
recording corresponding rainfall capacity in millimeter for the ith rainfall with the rainfall intensity of more than r millimeter per minute in the preset month flow domain; a is the control area of the corresponding rainfall station, and the unit is square kilometer,
and the j-th rainfall station is expressed to reach a first rainfall total amount corresponding to the intensity of more than r millimeters per minute in the preset month.
In a possible implementation manner, before collecting and calculating precipitation data of each rainfall station in the flow domain, step 1 further includes:
determining the current position of each rainfall station, constructing a historical weather model in a control area corresponding to the control area of each rainfall station according to the weather change condition of a preset month in a historical year, and simulating the rainfall distribution of the control area according to the historical weather model;
constructing regional terrain of a control region corresponding to each rainfall station, and carrying out terrain type division on the regional terrain;
carrying out region matching on the rainfall distribution and the divided terrain results one by one, and determining an independent rainfall measurement region and a dependent rainfall measurement region in each control region;
acquiring a distribution mode according to the regional attribute of the dependent rainfall measurement region, and distributing corresponding auxiliary rainfall stations according to the distribution mode, wherein the auxiliary rainfall stations are used for monitoring and recording the rainfall of the corresponding dependent rainfall measurement region;
the auxiliary area is in the control area, and the number of the auxiliary rainfall stations is at least one.
In a possible implementation manner, step 4, after obtaining a second total rainfall amount corresponding to the drainage basin reaching a specific rainfall intensity, further includes: and performing correction adjustment on the second total rainfall, which comprises the following steps:
marking a first rainfall station which is initially set;
acquiring a control area corresponding to the first rainfall station and taking the control area as an initial area Aj；
Acquiring monitoring information of each first rainfall station reaching a specific rainfall intensity in a preset month, wherein the monitoring information comprises: a first time point when the specific rainfall is reached, a second time set of continuous rainfall before the specific rainfall is reached, and a third time set of continuous rainfall after the specific rainfall is reached;
acquiring intra-domain weather change information of a sky area of the size corresponding to the initial area of each first rainfall station from a weather observation database corresponding to the preset month, and constructing a weather change model corresponding to a time period according to the intra-domain weather change information, wherein the intra-domain weather change information is related to cloud coverage area, cloud thickness and cloud moving speed;
according to the weather change model, the weather change layers corresponding to the specific rainfall intensity related to the first rainfall station at different time points are divided and output, and are placed in an overlapping mode to obtain a stability maintaining area and a residual area of the first rainfall station, wherein the areas of the stability maintaining area and the residual area form corresponding initial areas;
meanwhile, according to overlapped color results after overlapping, performing region division on the remaining region to obtain a plurality of sub-regions, calling and monitoring the rainfall of the corresponding sub-regions based on the fact that a second rainfall station is arranged in the sub-regions in advance, and obtaining the optimized rainfall corresponding to the initial area by combining the rainfall of the stable region monitored by the corresponding first rainfall station;
based on the optimized rainfall, the second total rainfall is corrected and adjusted to obtain a third total rainfall, the third total rainfall is compared with the second total rainfall, and if the absolute value of the difference value of the third total rainfall and the second total rainfall is within a preset difference value range, rainfall data monitored by the first rainfall station is continuously used for estimating the total rainfall;
otherwise, estimating the total rainfall of the rainfall data monitored by the first rainfall station and the second rainfall station;
in a possible implementation manner, obtaining an optimized rainfall corresponding to an initial area includes:
wherein, YjRepresenting the optimized rainfall of the original corresponding jth initial area; g represents the total number of the sub-areas of the area corresponding to the jth initial area, a second rainfall station is started in each sub-area, and the total number of the second rainfall stations is also G; fg1,iIndicating that the recorded rainfall corresponding to the g1 th second rainfall station when the recorded area corresponding to the j initial area reaches the ith rainfall with the rainfall intensity of more than r millimeters per minute; sg1,iRepresenting the area of the corresponding g1 th sub-area when the recorded area corresponding to the jth initial area reaches the ith rainfall with the rainfall intensity of more than r millimeters per minute; fj,iRecording rainfall measured by a corresponding first rainfall station when the area corresponding to the jth initial area reaches the ith rainfall with the rainfall intensity of more than r millimeters per minute; sj,iRepresenting the area of the corresponding stable region when the recorded corresponding region of the jth initial area reaches the ith rainfall with the rainfall intensity of more than r millimeters per minute; deltag1,iPresentation noteRecording effective measurement coefficients corresponding to the rainfall station when the corresponding area of the jth initial area reaches the ith rainfall with the rainfall intensity of more than r millimeters per minute, wherein the value range is (0.8, 1); deltaj,iThe effective measurement coefficient of the corresponding rainfall station is represented when the recorded corresponding area of the jth initial area reaches the ith rainfall with the rainfall intensity of more than r millimeters per minute, and the value range is (0.8, 1);
wherein when is deltag1,iWhen the content is equal to 0, the content,
when deltaj,iWhen the content is equal to 0, the content,
in one possible implementation manner, performing a correction adjustment on the second total rainfall amount based on the optimized rainfall amount to obtain a third total rainfall amount includes:
wherein, WsIs the third total amount of rainfall present,
the ratio of the area corresponding to the jth initial area to the second rainfall station when the ith area reaches the rainfall with the rainfall intensity of more than r millimeters per minute; when in use
When the ratio of (a) is greater than or equal to 1/2, a takes the value of 1; when in use
When the ratio of (a) is less than 1/2, a is 2.
In one possible implementation, the dimensionally stable region is inclusive of an independent rainfall measurement region, and the dependent rainfall measurement region is inclusive of a remaining region;
the second rainfall stations are obtained by screening in auxiliary rainfall stations arranged in the corresponding controlled area, and the number of the auxiliary rainfall stations is larger than that of the corresponding second rainfall stations.
In a possible implementation manner, before calculating the rainfall intensity of each rainfall record, the method further includes:
determining the rainfall time period of each rainfall station according to the starting time and the ending time of each rainfall excerpted data of each rainfall station in a preset month, and simultaneously acquiring weather data corresponding to each rainfall time period;
calculating a first matching degree P1 between the rainfall time length of the rainfall time period corresponding to the rainfall station and the estimated rainfall time length corresponding to the weather data according to the following formula;
wherein F1 represents the total rainfall time period in the preset month measured by the same rainfall station; p1f1A rainfall period representing the f1 th rainfall period measured at the same rainfall station; p2f1Indicating an estimated rainfall duration determined based on weather data when measuring the rainfall duration of the f1 th rainfall time period of the same rainfall station;
calculating a second matching degree P2 between the rainfall capacity of the rainfall time period corresponding to the rainfall station and the estimated rainfall capacity corresponding to the weather data according to the following formula;
wherein F1 represents the total rainfall time period in the preset month measured by the same rainfall station; y is1f1Represents the rainfall of the f1 th rainfall period measured by the same rainfall station; y is2f1Represents an estimated rainfall determined based on weather data when measuring the rainfall at the same rainfall station at the f1 th rainfall period; df1Representing weather-based numbersCorrecting parameters according to weather, wherein the value range is (0.1, 0.2);
when the first matching degree P1 is greater than the corresponding first preset matching degree and the second matching degree P2 is greater than the corresponding second preset matching degree, judging that the corresponding rainfall station is qualified, and controlling the qualified rainfall station to continue rainfall measurement;
otherwise, collecting the operation information of the unqualified rainfall station in a preset month, and analyzing the unqualified type of the unqualified rainfall station;
when the unqualified type is irrelevant to equipment upgrading, alarming and reminding are carried out, meanwhile, a standby rainfall station is started to carry out measurement work, meanwhile, a corresponding operation information is reversely analyzed based on a historical estimation model of the unqualified rainfall station, and the estimated rainfall of the unqualified rainfall station is estimated to replace a rainfall record in unqualified operation;
and when the unqualified type is related to equipment upgrading, upgrading the corresponding unqualified type of the corresponding unqualified rainfall station.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the rainfall amount excerpted data with short duration is fully utilized, the rainfall amount and the rainfall duration of each rainfall record are counted one by one, the observation time precision is utilized to the maximum extent, and the comprehensive rainfall characteristic index capable of reflecting the rainfall intensity and the rainfall amount change condition of the drainage basin is constructed. The method has the advantages of simple steps, clear concept, simple and convenient calculation and easy operation, is an effective tool for researching rainfall change characteristics of the drainage basin, and particularly has positive significance for researching rainfall change in the area with the super-seepage as a main area.
2. According to the invention, the accurate rainfall of the sub-area set in the control area corresponding to each first rainfall station is obtained, the optimized rainfall of all the sub-areas in the control area is further determined according to the accurate rainfall, the rainfall of the control area under different weather conditions at the same time point is conveniently and accurately obtained, the total rainfall of the control area is further accurately obtained, finally, the second total rainfall is corrected and adjusted, the third total rainfall is effectively obtained, the subsequent effective comparison of the rainfall is convenient, the reasonable division of labor is carried out for the area size of the control area, and the measurement accuracy is further ensured.
3. The rainfall station is comprehensively determined whether corresponding rainfall stations have problems or not through the rainfall duration and the rainfall, wherein the rainfall stations are comprehensively determined through comparison of the calculated matching degree and the preset matching degree, the accuracy of the recorded rainfall in the initial process is guaranteed, the unqualified rainfall stations are regulated and processed in relevant unqualified types, the normal operation of the unqualified rainfall stations is guaranteed, the validity of measured data is further guaranteed, and an effective data basis is provided for the total rainfall of the basin obtained after the specific rainfall is achieved subsequently.
Additional features and advantages of the invention will be set forth in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention. The objectives and other advantages of the invention will be realized and attained by the structure particularly pointed out in the written description and claims hereof as well as the appended drawings.
The technical solution of the present invention is further described in detail by the accompanying drawings and embodiments.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the principles of the invention and not to limit the invention. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method for rainfall feature index statistics based on short-duration data according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating an initial division result of a control area according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating the result of the Steady region and the residual region in the embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, and it will be understood that they are described herein for the purpose of illustration and explanation and not limitation.
The invention provides a rainfall characteristic index statistical method based on short-duration data, as shown in figure 1, comprising the following steps:
step 1, collecting and calculating precipitation data of each rainfall station in a flow domain, and simultaneously determining the control area of each rainfall station;
step 2, calculating the rainfall intensity of each rainfall record according to the beginning and ending time of each rainfall excerpted data of each rainfall station in a preset month and the rainfall;
and 4, overlapping the total rainfall amount reaching the specific rainfall intensity corresponding to each rainfall station in the river basin to obtain a second total rainfall amount reaching the specific rainfall intensity corresponding to the river basin.
In this embodiment, the preset months may refer to months 7 and 8, and the thieson polygon method may be used for calculation in determining the control area of each rainfall station.
In this embodiment, the rainfall characteristic index is to determine the total rainfall at a certain rainfall intensity, and determine the total rainfall of the whole drainage basin by determining the single rainfall of the single rainfall station.
The beneficial effects of the above technical scheme are: the rainfall amount excerpted data with short duration is fully utilized, the rainfall amount and the rainfall duration of each rainfall record are counted one by one, the observation time precision is utilized to the maximum extent, and the comprehensive rainfall characteristic index capable of reflecting the rainfall intensity and the rainfall amount change condition of the drainage basin is constructed. The method has the advantages of simple steps, clear concept, simple and convenient calculation and easy operation, is an effective tool for researching rainfall change characteristics of the drainage basin, and particularly has positive significance for researching rainfall change in the area with the super-seepage as a main area.
The invention provides a rainfall characteristic index statistical method based on short-duration data, and a step 4 of superposing the total rainfall amounts reaching specific rainfall intensity corresponding to all rainfall stations in a river basin to obtain a second total rainfall amount reaching specific rainfall intensity corresponding to the river basin comprises the following steps:
calculating a second total rainfall amount corresponding to the drainage basin reaching a specific rainfall intensity according to the following formula:
in the formula: wrA second total rainfall amount corresponding to the drainage basin and reaching a specific rainfall intensity (r mm per minute) or more, wherein the unit is billionth of cubic meters; j is the jth rainfall station with the intensity more than r millimeters per minute in the drainage basin; m is the total number of the rainfall stations reaching the strength of more than r millimeters per minute in the drainage basin; n is the total rainfall record number of the rainfall station corresponding to the intensity of more than r millimeters per minute;
recording corresponding rainfall capacity in millimeter for the ith rainfall with the rainfall intensity of more than r millimeter per minute in the preset month flow domain; a is the control area of the corresponding rainfall station, and the unit is square kilometer,
and the j-th rainfall station is expressed to reach a first rainfall total amount corresponding to the intensity of more than r millimeters per minute in the preset month.
The beneficial effects of the above technical scheme are: by counting the rainfall amount and the rainfall duration of each rainfall record one by one, the observation time precision is utilized to the maximum extent, and a comprehensive rainfall characteristic index capable of reflecting the rainfall intensity and the rainfall change condition of the drainage basin is constructed.
The invention provides a rainfall characteristic index statistical method based on short-duration data, which comprises the following steps of 1, before collecting and calculating rainfall extract data of each rainfall station in a flow domain, the method further comprises the following steps:
determining the current position of each rainfall station, constructing a historical weather model in a control area corresponding to the control area of each rainfall station according to the weather change condition of a preset month in a historical year, and simulating the rainfall distribution of the control area according to the historical weather model;
constructing regional terrain of a control region corresponding to each rainfall station, and carrying out terrain type division on the regional terrain;
carrying out region matching on the rainfall distribution and the divided terrain results one by one, and determining an independent rainfall measurement region and a dependent rainfall measurement region in each control region;
acquiring a distribution mode according to the regional attribute of the dependent rainfall measurement region, and distributing corresponding auxiliary rainfall stations according to the distribution mode, wherein the auxiliary rainfall stations are used for monitoring and recording the rainfall of the corresponding dependent rainfall measurement region;
the auxiliary area is in the control area, and the number of the auxiliary rainfall stations is at least one.
As shown in fig. 2, for example, the area a represents a control area corresponding to the rainfall station 1, and the historical weather model is obtained (for example, the historical weather model corresponding to the control area is obtained from the weather data between 2000 and 2021), so as to simulate the rainfall distribution of the control area in a preset month, and the rainfall distribution can be estimated according to the estimated rainfall in the history of 7 to 8 months, so as to obtain a distribution composed of different rainfall, and since the different areas have different terrains and may have mountains, plains and the like, an independent rainfall measurement area (i.e., an effective measurement area corresponding to the rainfall station) is obtained by performing area-to-area matching between the rainfall distribution and the corresponding area, for example, the sub-areas a1, a2, a3 and a4 in the area a are areas of normal rainfall, and the remaining areas a5 and a6 are areas of abnormal rainfall, c is an effective measuring area, wherein c is an independent rainfall measuring area, and a1-a6 is a non-independent rainfall measuring area.
The beneficial effects of the above technical scheme are: the control area corresponding to the original control area of the rainfall station is divided according to the weather model to obtain different measurement areas, an effective accurate basis can be provided for follow-up rainfall measurement, the accuracy of follow-up rainfall measurement is guaranteed, a data basis is provided for short-time measurement, and the accurate acquisition of the total rainfall of the drainage basin is improved.
The invention provides a rainfall characteristic index statistical method based on short-duration data, and the method comprises the following steps of 4, after obtaining a second rainfall total amount corresponding to a drainage basin and reaching specific rainfall intensity: and performing correction adjustment on the second total rainfall, which comprises the following steps:
marking a first rainfall station which is initially set;
acquiring a control area corresponding to the first rainfall station and taking the control area as an initial area Aj；
Acquiring monitoring information of each first rainfall station reaching a specific rainfall intensity in a preset month, wherein the monitoring information comprises: a first time point when the specific rainfall is reached, a second time set of continuous rainfall before the specific rainfall is reached, and a third time set of continuous rainfall after the specific rainfall is reached;
acquiring intra-domain weather change information of a sky area of the size corresponding to the initial area of each first rainfall station from a weather observation database corresponding to the preset month, and constructing a weather change model corresponding to a time period according to the intra-domain weather change information, wherein the intra-domain weather change information is related to cloud coverage area, cloud thickness and cloud moving speed;
according to the weather change model, the weather change layers corresponding to the specific rainfall intensity related to the first rainfall station at different time points are divided and output, and are placed in an overlapping mode to obtain a stability maintaining area and a residual area of the first rainfall station, wherein the areas of the stability maintaining area and the residual area form corresponding initial areas;
meanwhile, according to overlapped color results after overlapping, performing region division on the remaining region to obtain a plurality of sub-regions, calling and monitoring the rainfall of the corresponding sub-regions based on the fact that a second rainfall station is arranged in the sub-regions in advance, and obtaining the optimized rainfall corresponding to the initial area by combining the rainfall of the stable region monitored by the corresponding first rainfall station;
based on the optimized rainfall, the second total rainfall is corrected and adjusted to obtain a third total rainfall, the third total rainfall is compared with the second total rainfall, and if the absolute value of the difference value of the third total rainfall and the second total rainfall is within a preset difference value range, rainfall data monitored by the first rainfall station is continuously used for estimating the total rainfall;
otherwise, estimating the total rainfall of the rainfall data monitored by the first rainfall station and the second rainfall station;
preferably, the dimensionally stable region includes an independent rainfall measurement region, and the dependent rainfall measurement region includes a remaining region;
the second rainfall stations are obtained by screening in auxiliary rainfall stations arranged in the corresponding controlled area, and the number of the auxiliary rainfall stations is larger than that of the corresponding second rainfall stations.
In this embodiment, the first rain station is the initial default rain station in each control area.
In this embodiment, the monitoring information of the specific raininess is to obtain a time period under the characteristic index.
In this embodiment, as shown in fig. 3, 1, 2, and 3 may be regarded as different weather change layers, and the cloud states in the weather regions corresponding to the control regions are different, so that the cloud state block diagrams set in different segments in the weather regions are represented by thick and thin filling lines, and since the initial setting of the first rainfall station is determined according to a certain existing reference technique, the stable region and the remaining region of the first rainfall station may be obtained by combining the overlapping placement results, the corresponding d1 region in the diagram may be regarded as the stable region, and d2 is the remaining region.
In this embodiment, the determination of the rainfall stations in the remaining area d1 is based on and selected from rainfall stations preset in non-independent rainfall measurement areas.
The beneficial effects of the above technical scheme are: the weather change model is constructed by acquiring the detection information and the weather information of specific rainfall intensity, the overlapping mode of layers is carried out after the separation, the stable region and the residual region are acquired, the rainfall corresponding to the initial area is optimized by calling the preset second rainfall station, and then the optimization of the total amount of the second rainfall is realized, and the accuracy of the rainfall is ensured to be acquired under the characteristic index.
The invention provides a rainfall characteristic index statistical method based on short-duration data, which is used for acquiring optimized rainfall corresponding to an initial area and comprises the following steps:
wherein, YjRepresenting the optimized rainfall of the original corresponding jth initial area; g represents the total number of the sub-areas of the area corresponding to the jth initial area, a second rainfall station is started in each sub-area, and the total number of the second rainfall stations is also G; fg1,iIndicating that the recorded rainfall corresponding to the g1 th second rainfall station when the recorded area corresponding to the j initial area reaches the ith rainfall with the rainfall intensity of more than r millimeters per minute; sg1,iRepresenting the area of the corresponding g1 th sub-area when the recorded area corresponding to the jth initial area reaches the ith rainfall with the rainfall intensity of more than r millimeters per minute; fj,iRecording rainfall measured by a corresponding first rainfall station when the area corresponding to the jth initial area reaches the ith rainfall with the rainfall intensity of more than r millimeters per minute; sj,iRepresenting the area of the corresponding stable region when the recorded corresponding region of the jth initial area reaches the ith rainfall with the rainfall intensity of more than r millimeters per minute; deltag1,iThe effective measurement coefficient of the corresponding rainfall station is represented when the recorded corresponding area of the jth initial area reaches the ith rainfall with the rainfall intensity of more than r millimeters per minute, and the value range is (0.8, 1); deltaj,iThe effective measurement coefficient of the corresponding rainfall station is represented when the recorded corresponding area of the jth initial area reaches the ith rainfall with the rainfall intensity of more than r millimeters per minute, and the value range is (0.8, 1);
wherein when is deltag1,iWhen the content is equal to 0, the content,
when deltaj,iWhen the content is equal to 0, the content,
in one possible implementation manner, performing a correction adjustment on the second total rainfall amount based on the optimized rainfall amount to obtain a third total rainfall amount includes:
wherein, WsIs the third total amount of rainfall present,
the ratio of the area corresponding to the jth initial area to the second rainfall station when the ith area reaches the rainfall with the rainfall intensity of more than r millimeters per minute; when in use
When the ratio of (a) is greater than or equal to 1/2, a takes the value of 1; when in use
When the ratio of (a) is less than 1/2, a is 2.
The beneficial effects of the above technical scheme are: the accurate rainfall of the sub-areas set in the corresponding control area of each first rainfall station is obtained, the optimized rainfall of all the sub-areas in the corresponding control area is determined according to the accurate rainfall, the rainfall of the control area under different weather conditions at the same time point is conveniently and accurately obtained, the total rainfall of the control area is accurately obtained, the second total rainfall is corrected and adjusted finally, the third total rainfall is effectively obtained, the subsequent effective comparison of the rainfall is convenient, reasonable labor division is carried out on the area size of the control area, and the measuring accuracy is further guaranteed.
The invention provides a rainfall characteristic index statistical method based on short-duration data, which comprises the following steps before calculating the rainfall intensity of each rainfall record:
determining the rainfall time period of each rainfall station according to the starting time and the ending time of each rainfall excerpted data of each rainfall station in a preset month, and simultaneously acquiring weather data corresponding to each rainfall time period;
calculating a first matching degree P1 between the rainfall time length of the rainfall time period corresponding to the rainfall station and the estimated rainfall time length corresponding to the weather data according to the following formula;
wherein F1 represents the total rainfall time period in the preset month measured by the same rainfall station; p1f1A rainfall period representing the f1 th rainfall period measured at the same rainfall station; p2f1Indicating an estimated rainfall duration determined based on weather data when measuring the rainfall duration of the f1 th rainfall time period of the same rainfall station;
calculating a second matching degree P2 between the rainfall capacity of the rainfall time period corresponding to the rainfall station and the estimated rainfall capacity corresponding to the weather data according to the following formula;
wherein F1 represents the total rainfall time period in the preset month measured by the same rainfall station; y is1f1Represents the rainfall of the f1 th rainfall period measured by the same rainfall station; y is2f1Represents an estimated rainfall determined based on weather data when measuring the rainfall at the same rainfall station at the f1 th rainfall period; df1The weather correction parameters based on the weather data are represented, and the value range is (0.1, 0.2);
when the first matching degree P1 is greater than the corresponding first preset matching degree and the second matching degree P2 is greater than the corresponding second preset matching degree, judging that the corresponding rainfall station is qualified, and controlling the qualified rainfall station to continue rainfall measurement;
otherwise, collecting the operation information of the unqualified rainfall station in a preset month, and analyzing the unqualified type of the unqualified rainfall station;
when the unqualified type is irrelevant to equipment upgrading, alarming and reminding are carried out, meanwhile, a standby rainfall station is started to carry out measurement work, meanwhile, a corresponding operation information is reversely analyzed based on a historical estimation model of the unqualified rainfall station, and the estimated rainfall of the unqualified rainfall station is estimated to replace a rainfall record in unqualified operation;
and when the unqualified type is related to equipment upgrading, upgrading the corresponding unqualified type of the corresponding unqualified rainfall station.
In this embodiment, the estimated rainfall duration is obtained according to the corresponding weather data, and the required duration is obtained by inputting the weather data into the pre-trained duration obtaining model.
In this embodiment, the unqualified type refers to a type of the rainfall station, where the operation parameter is related to software without or without messy codes, or a type of hardware failure and structural damage of the rainfall station itself.
In this embodiment, the reverse analysis means, for example, that the historical estimation model is a normal operation model of the estimated rainfall station under the normal operation condition, and the normal operation model includes various normal parameters and normal rainfall corresponding to the various normal parameters, so according to the parameters corresponding to the unqualified type and the unqualified type, the corresponding inaccurate recorded rainfall under the unqualified condition can be reversely determined, and further, the inaccurate recorded rainfall can be used as replacement information to replace the unqualified information, so as to perform recording.
The beneficial effects of the above technical scheme are: whether the corresponding rainfall station has a problem or not is determined through the two aspects of rainfall duration and rainfall, wherein the rainfall station is determined comprehensively through comparison of the calculated matching degree and the preset matching degree, the accuracy of the rainfall recorded in the initial process is guaranteed, normal operation of the unqualified rainfall station is guaranteed through adjustment processing of relevant unqualified types of the unqualified rainfall station, the validity of measured data is further guaranteed, and an effective data basis is provided for the total rainfall of the drainage basin obtained after the specific rainfall is achieved subsequently.
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made in the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Thus, if such modifications and variations of the present invention fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention and their equivalents, the present invention is also intended to include such modifications and variations.
Claims (8)
1. A rainfall characteristic index statistical method based on short-duration data is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1, collecting and calculating precipitation data of each rainfall station in a flow domain, and simultaneously determining the control area of each rainfall station;
step 2, calculating the rainfall intensity of each rainfall record according to the beginning and ending time of each rainfall excerpted data of each rainfall station in a preset month and the rainfall;
step 3, screening the rainfall records of the single rainfall station according to different rainfall intensity standards, accumulating the rainfall of all the rainfall records reaching the specific rainfall intensity, and multiplying the rainfall records by the control area of the rainfall station to obtain a first total rainfall amount reaching the specific rainfall intensity corresponding to the single rainfall station;
and 4, overlapping the total rainfall amount reaching the specific rainfall intensity corresponding to each rainfall station in the river basin to obtain a second total rainfall amount reaching the specific rainfall intensity corresponding to the river basin.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the step 4 of superposing the total rainfall amounts reaching the specific rainfall intensity corresponding to the rainfall stations in the drainage basin to obtain a second total rainfall amount reaching the specific rainfall intensity corresponding to the drainage basin comprises:
calculating a second total rainfall amount corresponding to the drainage basin reaching a specific rainfall intensity according to the following formula:
in the formula: wrA second total rainfall amount corresponding to the drainage basin and reaching a specific rainfall intensity (r mm per minute) or more, wherein the unit is billionth of cubic meters; j is the jth rainfall station with the intensity more than r millimeters per minute in the drainage basin; m is the total number of the rainfall stations reaching the strength of more than r millimeters per minute in the drainage basin; n is the total rainfall record number of the rainfall station corresponding to the intensity of more than r millimeters per minute;
recording corresponding rainfall capacity in millimeter for the ith rainfall with the rainfall intensity of more than r millimeter per minute in the preset month flow domain; a is the control area of the corresponding rainfall station, and the unit is square kilometer,
and the j-th rainfall station is expressed to reach a first rainfall total amount corresponding to the intensity of more than r millimeters per minute in the preset month.
3. The method according to claim 1, wherein before collecting and calculating the precipitation amount extract data of each rainfall station in the flow field, the method further comprises:
determining the current position of each rainfall station, constructing a historical weather model in a control area corresponding to the control area of each rainfall station according to the weather change condition of a preset month in a historical year, and simulating the rainfall distribution of the control area according to the historical weather model;
constructing regional terrain of a control region corresponding to each rainfall station, and carrying out terrain type division on the regional terrain;
carrying out region matching on the rainfall distribution and the divided terrain results one by one, and determining an independent rainfall measurement region and a dependent rainfall measurement region in each control region;
acquiring a distribution mode according to the regional attribute of the dependent rainfall measurement region, and distributing corresponding auxiliary rainfall stations according to the distribution mode, wherein the auxiliary rainfall stations are used for monitoring and recording the rainfall of the corresponding dependent rainfall measurement region;
the auxiliary area is in the control area, and the number of the auxiliary rainfall stations is at least one.
4. The short-duration data-based rainfall characteristic index statistical method of claim 3, wherein the step 4, after obtaining the second total amount of rainfall corresponding to the drainage basin reaching the specific rainfall intensity, further comprises: and performing correction adjustment on the second total rainfall, which comprises the following steps:
marking a first rainfall station which is initially set;
acquiring a control area corresponding to the first rainfall station and taking the control area as an initial area Aj；
Acquiring monitoring information of each first rainfall station reaching a specific rainfall intensity in a preset month, wherein the monitoring information comprises: a first time point when the specific rainfall is reached, a second time set of continuous rainfall before the specific rainfall is reached, and a third time set of continuous rainfall after the specific rainfall is reached;
acquiring intra-domain weather change information of a sky area of the size corresponding to the initial area of each first rainfall station from a weather observation database corresponding to the preset month, and constructing a weather change model corresponding to a time period according to the intra-domain weather change information, wherein the intra-domain weather change information is related to cloud coverage area, cloud thickness and cloud moving speed;
according to the weather change model, the weather change layers corresponding to the specific rainfall intensity related to the first rainfall station at different time points are divided and output, and are placed in an overlapping mode to obtain a stability maintaining area and a residual area of the first rainfall station, wherein the areas of the stability maintaining area and the residual area form corresponding initial areas;
meanwhile, according to overlapped color results after overlapping, performing region division on the remaining region to obtain a plurality of sub-regions, calling and monitoring the rainfall of the corresponding sub-regions based on the fact that a second rainfall station is arranged in the sub-regions in advance, and obtaining the optimized rainfall corresponding to the initial area by combining the rainfall of the stable region monitored by the corresponding first rainfall station;
based on the optimized rainfall, the second total rainfall is corrected and adjusted to obtain a third total rainfall, the third total rainfall is compared with the second total rainfall, and if the absolute value of the difference value of the third total rainfall and the second total rainfall is within a preset difference value range, rainfall data monitored by the first rainfall station is continuously used for estimating the total rainfall;
and otherwise, estimating the total rainfall according to the rainfall data monitored by the first rainfall station and the second rainfall station.
5. The short-duration data-based rainfall characteristic index statistical method of claim 4, wherein obtaining an optimized rainfall corresponding to an initial area comprises:
wherein, YjRepresenting the optimized rainfall of the original corresponding jth initial area; g represents the total number of the sub-areas of the area corresponding to the jth initial area, a second rainfall station is started in each sub-area, and the total number of the second rainfall stations is also G; fg1,iIndicating that the recorded rainfall corresponding to the g1 th second rainfall station when the recorded area corresponding to the j initial area reaches the ith rainfall with the rainfall intensity of more than r millimeters per minute; sg1，iRepresenting the area of the corresponding g1 th sub-area when the recorded area corresponding to the jth initial area reaches the ith rainfall with the rainfall intensity of more than r millimeters per minute; fj，iRecording rainfall measured by a corresponding first rainfall station when the area corresponding to the jth initial area reaches the ith rainfall with the rainfall intensity of more than r millimeters per minute; sj，iRepresenting the area of the corresponding stable region when the recorded corresponding region of the jth initial area reaches the ith rainfall with the rainfall intensity of more than r millimeters per minute; deltag1，iThe effective measurement coefficient of the corresponding rainfall station is represented when the recorded corresponding area of the jth initial area reaches the ith rainfall with the rainfall intensity of more than r millimeters per minute, and the value range is (0.8, 1); deltaj,iThe effective measurement coefficient of the corresponding rainfall station is represented when the recorded corresponding area of the jth initial area reaches the ith rainfall with the rainfall intensity of more than r millimeters per minute, and the value range is (0.8, 1);
wherein when is deltag1,iWhen the content is equal to 0, the content,
when deltaj,iWhen the content is equal to 0, the content,
6. the short-duration-data-based rainfall characteristic index statistical method of claim 5, wherein the modifying and adjusting the second total amount of rainfall based on the optimized rainfall amount to obtain a third total amount of rainfall comprises:
wherein, WsIs the third total amount of rainfall present,
the ratio of the area corresponding to the jth initial area to the second rainfall station when the ith area reaches the rainfall with the rainfall intensity of more than r millimeters per minute; when in use
When the ratio of (a) is greater than or equal to 1/2, a takes the value of 1; when in use
When the ratio of (a) is less than 1/2, a is 2.
7. The short duration data based rainfall feature metric statistical method of claim 4,
the dimensionally stable region is inclusive of an independent rainfall measurement region, and the dependent rainfall measurement region is inclusive of a remaining region;
the second rainfall stations are obtained by screening in auxiliary rainfall stations arranged in the corresponding controlled area, and the number of the auxiliary rainfall stations is larger than that of the corresponding second rainfall stations.
8. The short-duration data-based rainfall feature index statistical method of claim 1, wherein before calculating the rainfall intensity of each rainfall record, further comprising:
determining the rainfall time period of each rainfall station according to the starting time and the ending time of each rainfall excerpted data of each rainfall station in a preset month, and simultaneously acquiring weather data corresponding to each rainfall time period;
calculating a first matching degree P1 between the rainfall time length of the rainfall time period corresponding to the rainfall station and the estimated rainfall time length corresponding to the weather data according to the following formula;
wherein F1 represents the total rainfall time period in the preset month measured by the same rainfall station; p1f1A rainfall period representing the f1 th rainfall period measured at the same rainfall station; p2f1Indicating an estimated rainfall duration determined based on weather data when measuring the rainfall duration of the f1 th rainfall time period of the same rainfall station;
calculating a second matching degree P2 between the rainfall capacity of the rainfall time period corresponding to the rainfall station and the estimated rainfall capacity corresponding to the weather data according to the following formula;
wherein F1 represents the total rainfall time period in the preset month measured by the same rainfall station; y is1f1Represents the rainfall of the f1 th rainfall period measured by the same rainfall station; y is2f1Represents an estimated rainfall determined based on weather data when measuring the rainfall at the same rainfall station at the f1 th rainfall period; df1The weather correction parameters based on the weather data are represented, and the value range is (0.1, 0.2);
when the first matching degree P1 is greater than the corresponding first preset matching degree and the second matching degree P2 is greater than the corresponding second preset matching degree, judging that the corresponding rainfall station is qualified, and controlling the qualified rainfall station to continue rainfall measurement;
otherwise, collecting the operation information of the unqualified rainfall station in a preset month, and analyzing the unqualified type of the unqualified rainfall station;
when the unqualified type is irrelevant to equipment upgrading, alarming and reminding are carried out, meanwhile, a standby rainfall station is started to carry out measurement work, meanwhile, a corresponding operation information is reversely analyzed based on a historical estimation model of the unqualified rainfall station, and the estimated rainfall of the unqualified rainfall station is estimated to replace a rainfall record in unqualified operation;
and when the unqualified type is related to equipment upgrading, upgrading the corresponding unqualified type of the corresponding unqualified rainfall station.
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