CN113960613A - Four-quadrant laser signal detection device - Google Patents

Four-quadrant laser signal detection device Download PDF

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Publication number
CN113960613A
CN113960613A CN202111018567.8A CN202111018567A CN113960613A CN 113960613 A CN113960613 A CN 113960613A CN 202111018567 A CN202111018567 A CN 202111018567A CN 113960613 A CN113960613 A CN 113960613A
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quadrant
pin photodiode
circuit
detection device
stage
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Inventor
赵婷婷
孟凡强
吴长安
曹帅帅
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Hebei Hanguang Heavy Industry Ltd
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Hebei Hanguang Heavy Industry Ltd
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S17/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of electromagnetic waves other than radio waves, e.g. lidar systems
    • G01S17/02—Systems using the reflection of electromagnetic waves other than radio waves
    • G01S17/06—Systems determining position data of a target
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S17/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of electromagnetic waves other than radio waves, e.g. lidar systems
    • G01S17/66—Tracking systems using electromagnetic waves other than radio waves
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
    • G01S7/48—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S17/00
    • G01S7/483—Details of pulse systems
    • G01S7/486—Receivers
    • G01S7/4861—Circuits for detection, sampling, integration or read-out
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
    • G01S7/48—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S17/00
    • G01S7/483—Details of pulse systems
    • G01S7/486—Receivers
    • G01S7/489—Gain of receiver varied automatically during pulse-recurrence period
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
    • G01S7/48—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S17/00
    • G01S7/491—Details of non-pulse systems
    • G01S7/4912—Receivers
    • G01S7/4913—Circuits for detection, sampling, integration or read-out
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
    • G01S7/48—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S17/00
    • G01S7/491—Details of non-pulse systems
    • G01S7/4912—Receivers
    • G01S7/4918—Controlling received signal intensity, gain or exposure of sensor

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
  • Remote Sensing (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Optical Radar Systems And Details Thereof (AREA)

Abstract

The four-quadrant laser signal detection device of this disclosure includes: the four-quadrant PIN photodiode, a bias voltage filter circuit, a primary trans-resistance amplifying circuit and a secondary variable gain amplifying circuit; the four-quadrant PIN photodiode is used for converting a laser echo signal reflected by a measured target into a photocurrent signal; the output end of the bias voltage circuit is connected with the input end of the four-quadrant PIN photodiode and is used for adjusting the responsivity of the four-quadrant PIN photodiode; the primary transimpedance amplification circuit and the secondary variable gain amplification circuit form a total amplification circuit which is connected to the output end of the four-quadrant PIN photodiode. The detection device can obtain a larger dynamic range by adjusting the PIN photodiode bias voltage and the gain of the second-stage amplification circuit, can improve the effective tracking distance, is beneficial to early capture of a target, and can reduce the blind area distance.

Description

Four-quadrant laser signal detection device
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of laser signal detection, and particularly relates to a four-quadrant laser signal detection device.
Background
Laser semi-active detection is the most developed and mature guidance technology with wide application in laser guidance application, and aims at positioning and tracking by utilizing an independent laser irradiator to irradiate a target object and receiving and utilizing an echo signal diffusely reflected by the target. During the flight of the tracker approaching the target object from far to near, the energy change of the reflected echo signal is more than 10%6If the subsequent amplifying circuit adopts a fixed gain mode, when the energy of an echo signal is larger, the output voltage of the rear end reaches the limit output of an operational amplifier chip to cause saturation, so that the detection blind area is increased; when the energy of the echo signal is small, the effective signal can be lost, so that the effective tracking distance is reduced.
In order to obtain a larger dynamic range, reduce the blind area distance and improve the effective tracking distance, a four-quadrant laser detection module is designed by depending on a four-quadrant photodiode and a gain attenuation control thought.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention overcomes one of the defects of the prior art, and provides a four-quadrant laser signal detection device which can obtain a larger dynamic range, reduce the blind area distance, improve the effective tracking distance and be beneficial to early capture of a target.
According to an aspect of the present disclosure, the present invention provides a four-quadrant laser signal detection apparatus, the apparatus including: the four-quadrant PIN photodiode, a bias voltage filter circuit, a primary trans-resistance amplifying circuit and a secondary variable gain amplifying circuit;
the four-quadrant PIN photodiode is used for converting a laser echo signal reflected by a measured target into a photocurrent signal;
the output end of the bias voltage circuit is connected with the input end of the four-quadrant PIN photodiode and is used for adjusting the responsivity of the four-quadrant PIN photodiode;
the primary transimpedance amplification circuit and the secondary variable gain amplification circuit form a total amplification circuit which is connected to the output end of the four-quadrant PIN photodiode.
In one possible implementation, the four-quadrant PIN photodiode is composed of 4 identical silicon PIN photodiodes arranged in 4 quadrants.
In one possible implementation, the magnitude of the current signal is proportional to the light receiving area of each quadrant.
In a possible implementation manner, the first-stage transimpedance amplification circuit converts a photocurrent signal output by the four-quadrant PIN photodiode into a voltage signal, and a transimpedance amplifier is used as an amplification element.
In one possible implementation manner, the two-stage variable gain amplifying circuit is an inverting amplifying circuit, and an operational amplifier is used as an operational element.
In a possible implementation manner, the two-stage variable gain amplification circuit further includes two switching transistors for two-stage gain adjustment of the two-stage inverse amplification circuit.
The four-quadrant laser signal detection device of this disclosure includes: the four-quadrant PIN photodiode, a bias voltage filter circuit, a primary trans-resistance amplifying circuit and a secondary variable gain amplifying circuit; the four-quadrant PIN photodiode is used for converting a laser echo signal reflected by a measured target into a photocurrent signal; the output end of the bias voltage circuit is connected with the input end of the four-quadrant PIN photodiode and is used for adjusting the responsivity of the four-quadrant PIN photodiode; the primary transimpedance amplification circuit and the secondary variable gain amplification circuit form a total amplification circuit which is connected to the output end of the four-quadrant PIN photodiode. The detection device can obtain a larger dynamic range by adjusting the PIN photodiode bias voltage and the gain of the second-stage amplification circuit, can improve the effective tracking distance, is beneficial to early capture of a target, and can reduce the blind area distance.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings are included to provide a further understanding of the technology or prior art of the present application and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification. The drawings expressing the embodiments of the present application are used for explaining the technical solutions of the present application, and should not be construed as limiting the technical solutions of the present application.
FIG. 1 shows a schematic diagram of a four-quadrant laser signal detection apparatus according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
FIG. 2 illustrates a single-quadrant circuit architecture schematic according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention will be provided with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples, so that how to apply the technical means to solve the technical problems and achieve the corresponding technical effects can be fully understood and implemented. The embodiments and the features of the embodiments can be combined without conflict, and the technical solutions formed are all within the scope of the present invention.
Fig. 1 shows a schematic diagram of a four-quadrant laser signal detection apparatus according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
As shown in fig. 1, the apparatus may include: the four-quadrant PIN photodiode, a bias voltage filter circuit, a first-stage trans-resistance amplifying circuit and a second-stage variable gain amplifying circuit.
The four-quadrant PIN photodiode is used for converting a laser echo signal reflected by a measured target into a photocurrent signal.
The four-quadrant PIN photodiode is formed by arranging 4 identical silicon PIN photodiodes according to 4 quadrants. Each quadrant PIN photodiode includes a higher doped P-region, an N-region, and a semiconductor intrinsic I-region. When reverse bias voltage is applied to the PIN photodiode, a depletion region is generated in the PIN photodiode, and when light with energy larger than the forbidden bandwidth of the semiconductor enters the surface of the PIN photodiode, the PIN photodiode generates electron-hole pairs to form photocurrent under the action of an external electric field. When the target light spot generates offset relative to the center of the four-quadrant PIN photodiode, the four quadrants generate different photocurrents due to different light radiation quantities, the offset of the light spot relative to the center of the four-quadrant PIN photodiode can be deduced through deviation processing of the photocurrents, and the offset angle quantity of the azimuth and the pitching is demodulated through an algorithm, so that accurate positioning and tracking are realized.
And the output end of the bias voltage circuit is connected with the input end of the four-quadrant PIN photodiode and is used for adjusting the responsivity of the four-quadrant PIN photodiode.
As shown in FIG. 2, the bias voltage circuit employs an RC filter in which a resistor RRShould satisfy RR≤RFCapacitor CRShould satisfy CR≥CJThe direct current bias voltage with small voltage loss can be obtained through the RC filter, and the alternating current noise signal can be greatly reduced. The bias control signal of the bias voltage circuit is output by the DSP controller, and the bias voltage value of 70V at the maximum and 1V at the minimum can be realized. The bias voltage is adjusted to be high or low, and the responsivity of the four-quadrant diode can be reduced, so that the linear working area of the four-quadrant laser signal detection device is lengthened, the working blind area distance of the module is shortened, and the aim of further improving the tracking precision is fulfilled.
The first-stage transimpedance amplification circuit and the second-stage variable gain amplification circuit form a total amplification circuit which is connected to the output end of the four-quadrant PIN photodiode.
In one example, a first-stage transimpedance amplification circuit converts a photocurrent signal output by the four-quadrant PIN photodiode into a voltage signal, and a transimpedance amplifier is used as an amplification element.
As shown in fig. 2, the one-stage amplification circuit realizes current-to-voltage conversion, and employs a transimpedance amplifier N1 as an amplification element. Wherein the feedback resistor RFThe function of converting input current into output voltage can be realized, and a compensation capacitor C is required to be connected in parallel with the feedback resistor for stabilizing the circuitF。
The compensation capacitance calculation formula is as follows:
Figure BDA0003240887660000041
wherein, CIN＝CJ+CCM，CJJunction capacitance, C, generated for the depletion region of the diodeCMIs the input common-mode capacitance value of the operational amplifier; GBW is the gain-bandwidth product of the operational amplifier; rFIs a feedback resistor.
The bandwidth calculation formula of the trans-impedance amplifier module is as follows:
Figure BDA0003240887660000042
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure BDA0003240887660000043
CJthe GWB is the gain-bandwidth product of the operational amplifier; rFIs a feedback resistor. The bandwidth calculated according to the above formula does not take into account the compensation capacitor CF，CFThe introduction of (2) will cause a reduction in bandwidth, typically CF＜＜CJTherefore, the compensation capacitor C can be calculated according to the above formula in design, and the necessary margin is reservedFThe influence of (c).
The second-stage variable gain amplifying circuit is a reverse amplifying circuit, an operational amplifier is used as an operational element, and the second-stage variable gain amplifying circuit further comprises two switching triodes for adjusting two-stage gain of the second-stage reverse amplifying circuit. As shown in fig. 2, the two-stage variable gain amplifier circuit is an inverting amplifier circuit, and an operational amplifier N2 is used as an amplifier element. Can carry out reverse amplification output forward voltage signal with the negative voltage of transimpedance amplifier circuit output, can also carry out the magnification and switch, guarantee even light energy reinforcing, four-quadrant laser signal detection device's signal output still can be in normal operating condition's linear region to increase tracking distance reduces the blind area distance, improves tracking accuracy.
The first-stage gain attenuation control signal and the second-stage gain attenuation control signal are both output by the DSP controller. The output basis of the gain attenuation control signal is as follows:
the first level of gain attenuation control signal is enabled when the sum of the output voltages of the four quadrant PIN photodiodes exceeds a certain threshold, and the second level of gain attenuation control signal is enabled when the sum of the four quadrant voltages exceeds the threshold again. The switching of the first-stage gain attenuation control signal and the second-stage gain attenuation control signal is realized by four paths of completely identical triode devices K1 and K2, and the switching circuit has the characteristics of low power consumption, high switching speed and low on-resistance. The first-level gain control signal arrives, and the 10-time attenuation effect of the second-level reverse amplification circuit can be realized, namely the attenuation is 20 dB; on the basis of the starting of the first-level gain control, the second-level gain control signal comes, and the 100-time attenuation effect of the second-level reverse amplification circuit, namely 40dB of attenuation, can be realized.
Application example:
the four quadrant PIN photodiode is typically placed at or slightly off the focal plane of the optical system. When echo signals diffusely reflected by a target object irradiate on the four-quadrant PIN photodiode, current signals can be respectively generated on the four-quadrant PIN photodiode, and the magnitude of the current signals is in direct proportion to the light receiving area of the PIN photodiode. For example, when the target object deviates from the optical axis of the optical system, the light receiving areas of the four-quadrant PIN photodiodes are different, the amplitudes of current signals output by the four-quadrant PIN photodiodes are different, and the voltage signals are amplified by the first-stage transimpedance amplification circuit and the second-stage variable gain amplification circuit by the same multiple to obtain voltage signals suitable for processing by a subsequent analog board circuit. As shown in fig. 2, a dashed line frame a is a four-quadrant PIN photodiode, a dashed line frame B is a first-stage transimpedance amplifier circuit, a dashed line frame C is a second-stage variable gain amplifier circuit, and a dashed line frame D is a bias control circuit. The primary transimpedance amplification circuit and the secondary variable gain amplification circuit are sequentially connected to the output end of the four-quadrant PIN photodiode to form a total amplification circuit, the secondary variable gain amplification circuit achieves overall gain attenuation adjustment of the circuit, the gain attenuation range is 10-100, namely 20-40 dB, and bias voltage of the four-quadrant PIN photodiode is adjustable.
The four-quadrant laser signal detection device of this disclosure includes: the four-quadrant PIN photodiode, a bias voltage filter circuit, a primary trans-resistance amplifying circuit and a secondary variable gain amplifying circuit; the four-quadrant PIN photodiode is used for converting a laser echo signal reflected by a measured target into a photocurrent signal; the output end of the bias voltage circuit is connected with the input end of the four-quadrant PIN photodiode and is used for adjusting the responsivity of the four-quadrant PIN photodiode; the primary transimpedance amplification circuit and the secondary variable gain amplification circuit form a total amplification circuit which is connected to the output end of the four-quadrant PIN photodiode. The detection device can obtain a larger dynamic range by adjusting the PIN photodiode bias voltage and the gain of the second-stage amplification circuit, so that the effective tracking distance can be increased, the early capture of a target can be facilitated, and the blind area distance can be reduced.
Although the embodiments of the present invention have been described above, the above descriptions are only for the convenience of understanding the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and details may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.

Claims (6)

1. A four-quadrant laser signal detection apparatus, the apparatus comprising: the four-quadrant PIN photodiode, a bias voltage filter circuit, a primary trans-resistance amplifying circuit and a secondary variable gain amplifying circuit;
the four-quadrant PIN photodiode is used for converting a laser echo signal reflected by a measured target into a photocurrent signal;
the output end of the bias voltage circuit is connected with the input end of the four-quadrant PIN photodiode and is used for adjusting the responsivity of the four-quadrant PIN photodiode;
the primary transimpedance amplification circuit and the secondary variable gain amplification circuit form a total amplification circuit which is connected to the output end of the four-quadrant PIN photodiode.
2. The four-quadrant laser signal detection device according to claim 1, wherein the four-quadrant PIN photodiode is composed of 4 identical silicon PIN photodiodes arranged in 4 quadrants.
3. The four-quadrant laser signal detection device according to claim 2, wherein the magnitude of the current signal is proportional to the light receiving area of each quadrant.
4. The device for detecting the four-quadrant laser signal according to claim 1, wherein the first-stage transimpedance amplifier circuit converts a photocurrent signal output by the four-quadrant PIN photodiode into a voltage signal, and a transimpedance amplifier is used as an amplifying element.
5. The four-quadrant laser signal detection device according to claim 1, wherein the two-stage variable gain amplifier circuit is an inverting amplifier circuit, and an operational amplifier is used as an operational element.
6. The four-quadrant laser signal detection device according to claim 1, wherein the two-stage variable gain amplifier circuit further comprises two switching transistors for two-stage adjustment of gain of the two-stage inverting amplifier circuit.
CN202111018567.8A 2021-09-01 2021-09-01 Four-quadrant laser signal detection device Pending CN113960613A (en)

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN202111018567.8A CN113960613A (en) 2021-09-01 2021-09-01 Four-quadrant laser signal detection device

Publications (1)

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