CN113960296A - Testing device and testing method for anti-freezing effect of asphalt pavement - Google Patents
Testing device and testing method for anti-freezing effect of asphalt pavement Download PDFInfo
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- CN113960296A CN113960296A CN202111226766.8A CN202111226766A CN113960296A CN 113960296 A CN113960296 A CN 113960296A CN 202111226766 A CN202111226766 A CN 202111226766A CN 113960296 A CN113960296 A CN 113960296A
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- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 143
- 239000010426 asphalt Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 50
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 47
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 80
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims abstract description 73
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 230000002528 anti-freeze Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 40
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 35
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 claims description 28
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000007798 antifreeze agent Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000003822 epoxy resin Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920000742 Cotton Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000003556 assay Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 abstract description 8
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 abstract 3
- 150000001804 chlorine Chemical class 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000005185 salting out Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 22
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 15
- FGIUAXJPYTZDNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium nitrate Chemical compound [K+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O FGIUAXJPYTZDNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 239000012086 standard solution Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000004323 potassium nitrate Substances 0.000 description 6
- 235000010333 potassium nitrate Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 239000001509 sodium citrate Substances 0.000 description 4
- HRXKRNGNAMMEHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-K trisodium citrate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]C(=O)CC(O)(CC([O-])=O)C([O-])=O HRXKRNGNAMMEHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 4
- 229940038773 trisodium citrate Drugs 0.000 description 4
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229920001817 Agar Polymers 0.000 description 2
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000008272 agar Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- ZOMNIUBKTOKEHS-UHFFFAOYSA-L dimercury dichloride Chemical class Cl[Hg][Hg]Cl ZOMNIUBKTOKEHS-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052681 coesite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052906 cristobalite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052682 stishovite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010257 thawing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052905 tridymite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011800 void material Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/42—Road-making materials
Abstract
The invention discloses a test device and a test method for the anti-freezing effect of an asphalt pavement, and belongs to the technical field of the anti-freezing capacity of asphalt mixtures. The test device comprises a track test piece, a water containing device and a rain device; the water containing device is provided with a first accommodating cavity for accommodating a rutting test piece, and the rutting test piece comprises components including an antifreezing agent containing NaCl; the rain-spray device is located water containing device top in the test process, and the rain-spray device holds the chamber including the second that is used for splendid attire solution, and a plurality of through-holes have been seted up to the bottom of rain-spray device, makes solution continuously drench in water containing device during the experiment, calculates antifreeze loss according to the quality of the soluble chlorine salt of dissolving, combines the relation of soluble chlorine salting-out volume and time again, estimates the effective freeze proof time of the bituminous paving of simulation. The device is simple in structure, the test method is easy to operate, and the anti-freezing effect of the asphalt pavement under the actual rainfall condition can be accurately deduced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of the freezing resistance of an asphalt mixture, in particular to a test device and a test method for the freezing resistance effect of an asphalt pavement.
Background
The asphalt pavement has two damage forms at low temperature, one is freeze-thaw damage under the condition of water, the void ratio of the asphalt mixture is changed under the action of freeze thawing, the adhesiveness of asphalt and aggregate is reduced, and the strength and the stability of the asphalt pavement are reduced; the other is shrinkage cracking.
The research on the frost resistance of the asphalt mixture plays an important role in road construction, maintenance and the like, but the research on the frost resistance of the asphalt pavement is usually carried out in the prior art, and a method for simply and quantitatively researching the duration of the frost resistance effect is not available.
In view of this, the invention is particularly proposed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a test device for the anti-freezing effect of an asphalt pavement, which is simple in structure and can be used for deducing the anti-freezing effect of the asphalt pavement under the actual rainfall condition.
The second purpose of the invention is to provide a method for testing the anti-freezing effect of the asphalt pavement by adopting the testing device, which is easy to operate and can accurately and quantitatively deduce the anti-freezing effect of the asphalt pavement under the actual rainfall condition.
The application can be realized as follows:
in a first aspect, the application provides a test device for the anti-freezing effect of an asphalt pavement, which comprises a track test piece, a water containing device and a rain device matched with the water containing device;
the water containing device is provided with a first accommodating cavity for placing a track test piece simulating an asphalt pavement, and the track test piece comprises components of an antifreezing agent containing NaCl;
the rain device is used for being located water containing device top in the testing process, and the rain device has a second containing cavity for containing the solution of simulation rainwater, and a plurality of through holes are opened at the bottom of the rain device to make the solution in the rain device drench to rut test piece surface and accumulate in the water containing device.
In an alternative embodiment, the rut test piece contains 3 to 7 wt% of an antifreeze agent.
In an alternative embodiment, the rut test piece also contains 3 to 6 wt% of stones, the balance being primarily asphalt.
In an alternative embodiment, the antifreeze agent contains 60 to 70 wt% NaCl.
In an alternative embodiment, the deluge device comprises a side wall and a bottom wall, the side wall and the bottom wall enclose to form a second accommodating cavity, and the through holes are opened in the bottom wall.
In an alternative embodiment, the plurality of through holes are distributed in an array at the bottom wall.
In alternative embodiments, the array comprises a rectangular array or a circular array.
In an alternative embodiment, the aperture of each through hole is 20-50 mm.
In an alternative embodiment, the test device further comprises a blocking member for partially blocking each of the through holes so that the solution in the deluge device drips in a click through the through holes into the water containing device.
In an alternative embodiment, the occluding member is a sponge or cotton.
In an alternative embodiment, the number of the water containing devices is 1-5, and the number of the rain water devices is the same as that of the water containing devices.
In an alternative embodiment, the number of water holding devices is 2-4.
In an alternative embodiment, the water containing means and the deluge means are made of a material which does not contain chlorine.
In an alternative embodiment, the material is a resin, preferably an epoxy resin.
In a second aspect, the application provides a method for testing the anti-freezing effect of an asphalt pavement, which comprises the following steps: with the test device according to any one of the preceding embodiments, during the test, the solution in the deluge device is continuously drenched into the water containing device to dissolve NaCl contained in the rut test piece; and calculating the loss amount of the antifreezing agent of the rut test piece according to the mass of the dissolved NaCl, and estimating the effective freezing time of the simulated asphalt pavement by combining the relation between the precipitation amount of the NaCl and the time.
In an alternative embodiment, the flow rate of the solution from the deluge device during the test is 1-5L/h, preferably 2-3L/h, more preferably 2.5L/h.
In an alternative embodiment, the test period is 3 to 7 days, preferably 5 days.
In an alternative embodiment, the following formula estimates the freeze resistance effect of an asphalt pavement:
salt analysis yield MNaCl×VMixed solution×cMixed solution；
The anti-freezing agent has a mass of VRut test piece×w1×ρRut test piece；
Percent (%) salt precipitation (salt analysis amount/w)2) Anti-freezing agent quality;
duration of salt deposition (day) t × [ w ]2V (salt assay yield/anti-freezing agent quality)]；
The effective time (year) of salt precipitation is the salt precipitation duration/(P/30);
wherein, P represents the annual precipitation of the area to be measured; c represents the amount concentration of the substance, ρ represents the density, w1Represents the mass percentage of the antifreeze in the rut test piece, w2Representing the mass percent of NaCl in the antifreeze, and t is the test days.
The beneficial effect of this application includes:
in the test process, the solution in the deluge device is continuously sprinkled on the surface of the rut test piece in the water containing device to dissolve NaCl contained in the rut test piece; and calculating the loss amount of the antifreezing agent of the rut test piece according to the mass of the dissolved NaCl, and then combining the relation between the precipitation amount of the NaCl and the time to estimate the effective antifreezing time of the simulated asphalt pavement.
The test device is simple in structure and strong in test method operability, and can simulate the actual outdoor rainfall condition through an indoor rain-drop simulation test, so that the anti-freezing effect of the asphalt pavement under the actual rainfall condition is deduced and calculated, the actual condition is better met, and the quantitative measurement of the duration time of the anti-freezing effect of the asphalt pavement is realized.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments will be briefly described below, it should be understood that the following drawings only illustrate some embodiments of the present invention and therefore should not be considered as limiting the scope, and for those skilled in the art, other related drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without inventive efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a test device according to the present application;
FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating the operation of the test in the application example of the present application;
FIG. 3 is a graph of chloride ion concentration versus potential standard according to an example of application of the present application.
Icon: 1-a water containing device; 2-a deluge device; 3-rutting test piece; 4-through holes.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below. The examples, in which specific conditions are not specified, were conducted under conventional conditions or conditions recommended by the manufacturer. The reagents or instruments used are not indicated by the manufacturer, and are all conventional products available commercially.
The test device and the test method for the anti-freezing effect of the asphalt pavement provided by the application are specifically explained below.
Referring to fig. 1, the present application provides a device for testing an anti-freezing effect of an asphalt pavement, which includes a track testing piece 3, a water containing device 1, and a rain device 2 for cooperating with the water containing device 1.
Wherein, the water containing device 1 is provided with a first accommodating cavity for placing a track test piece 3 simulating an asphalt pavement. The first receiving chamber may be defined by a side surface and a bottom surface of the water container 1. In some embodiments, the water container 1 may be in a square shape (e.g., a length, a width, and a height of 1m × 1m × 1m) or a cylindrical shape, and in other embodiments, the water container 1 may have other shapes.
The rut test piece 3 includes an antifreeze in its composition, for example, it may contain 3 to 7 wt% of the antifreeze. In reference, the content of the antifreeze in the rut test piece 3 may be specifically 3 wt%, 3.5 wt%, 4 wt%, 4.5 wt%, 5 wt%, 5.5 wt%, 6 w%, 6.5 wt%, 7 wt%, etc., and may be any other value within the range of 3 to 7 wt%. In addition, the rut test piece 3 may also contain 3 to 6 wt% of stones, the balance being mainly asphalt.
The antifreeze contains NaCl, KCl, high molecular substance and SiO2Etc., but the effect of the above substances on the dissolution of NaCl was negligible.
In alternative embodiments, the antifreeze agent comprises 60-70 wt% (e.g., 60 wt%, 62 wt%, 65 wt%, 68 wt%, or 70 wt%, etc.) NaCl. This content ensures that the antifreeze does not dissolve out in advance during the test.
It should be noted that the anti-freezing agent contained in the rut test piece 3 of the present application may be an anti-freezing agent commonly used for asphalt pavement.
The rutting test piece 3 has the same proportion with the asphalt mixture to be tested, and is only smaller in size so as to facilitate experimental study, and in some specific embodiments, the rutting test piece 3 is in a cuboid shape (which may be called a rutting plate or a rutting block), and the length, the width and the height are 0.3 mx 0.05 m). Specifically, the rut test piece 3 can be produced substantially by: proportionally mixing the stone, asphalt and antifreezing agent (not excluding other components), pouring into mould (such as steel plate mould), compacting, cooling, and removing mould.
The rain device 2 is used for being located above the water containing device 1 in the testing process, the rain device 2 is provided with a second containing cavity for containing the solution simulating rainwater, and a plurality of through holes 4 are formed in the bottom wall of the rain device 2, so that the solution in the rain device 2 is sprayed to the surface of the rut testing piece and is accumulated in the water containing device 1.
Preferably, the height of the rutting test piece is greater than the depth of water accumulated in the water containing device.
Similarly, the rain device 2 may be in the shape of a cube, a cylinder, or the like, or may be in other shapes.
In some embodiments, the deluge device 2 comprises a side wall and a bottom wall, which enclose a second receiving chamber, the bottom wall being open to a plurality of through holes 4. During testing, the rut test piece 3 is placed on the bottom surface of the water containing device 1, and preferably faces the through hole 4 area of the rain device 2.
In some embodiments, the plurality of through holes 4 are randomly distributed in the bottom wall of the deluge device 2. In other preferred embodiments, the plurality of through holes 4 are distributed in an array (e.g. rectangular array or circular array) on the bottom wall of the rain gear 2 to uniformly drop on the surface of the rutting test piece 3, so that NaCl contained in each position of the rutting test piece 3 located at the same height can be dissolved at almost the same time.
In alternative embodiments, the aperture of each through-hole 4 may be 20-50 mm. Under this aperture condition, can make the velocity of flow control of solution in the preferred scope, avoid the velocity of flow too big, lead to the process of the experiment to pack into more solution or need frequently add water in the process of the experiment in the second holding chamber of drenching device 2. Meanwhile, the corresponding solution flow velocity under the aperture condition is relatively close to the action speed of actual rainwater on the road surface.
In the present application, the number of the water holding devices 1 may be, for example and without limitation, 1 to 5, such as 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5, or more, preferably 2 to 4, and more preferably 3. When the number is more than or equal to 2, the parallel test function can be realized, so that the accuracy of the test result is improved. The number of the rain-sprinkling devices 2 is the same as that of the water containing devices 1, namely, one rain-sprinkling device 2 corresponds to one water containing device 1. It should be noted that the number of the rut test pieces 3 placed in each water containing device 1 may be only 1, or may be multiple, such as 2 or 3.
In an alternative embodiment, the test device further comprises a blocking member for partially blocking each through hole 4 so that the solution in the deluge device 2 drips in a click-like manner into the water containing device 1 after flowing out of the through hole 4. The plug may be, for example, sponge or cotton. The click-shaped dripping improves the feasibility of the test.
In a preferred embodiment, the material of the water containing device 1 and the rain device 2 provided by the present application does not contain chlorine, so as to avoid that the chlorine in the material of the devices is dissolved in the solution, and the accuracy of the test result is affected. In reference, the water container 1 and the shower device 2 can be made of resin, such as epoxy resin.
Correspondingly, the application also provides a method for testing the anti-freezing effect of the asphalt pavement, which comprises the following steps: by adopting the test device, the solution in the rain device 2 is continuously sprayed into the water containing device 1 during the test period so as to dissolve NaCl contained in the track test piece 3; and calculating the loss amount of the antifreezing agent of the rut test piece 3 according to the mass of the dissolved NaCl, and estimating the effective freezing resistance time of the simulated asphalt pavement by combining the relation between the precipitation amount of the NaCl and the time.
In an alternative embodiment, the flow rate of the solution in the deluge device 2 flowing out of the through-hole 4 during the test may be 1-5L/h, such as 1L/h, 1.5L/h, 2L/h, 2.5L/h, 3L/h, 3.5L/h, 4L/h, 4.5L/h or 5L/h, etc., preferably 2-3L/h, more preferably 2.5L/h. This velocity of flow matches with the aperture of through-hole 4 to avoid the velocity of flow too big to lead to the test in-process to need to pack into more solution or need frequently add water in the test in-process in the second of deluge device 2 holds the intracavity. In a similar way, the flow velocity is relatively close to the action speed of the actual rainwater on the road surface.
In an alternative embodiment, the test time is 3-7 days, preferably 5 days, and this test time can ensure that the NaCl in the rutting test piece 3 is not completely dissolved, and can further average the dissolved NaCl content per day, thereby improving the accuracy of the test data.
In an alternative embodiment, the following formula estimates the freeze resistance effect of an asphalt pavement:
salt analysis yield MNaCl×VMixed solution×cMixed solution；
The anti-freezing agent has a mass of VRut test piece×w1×ρRut test piece；
Percent (%) salt deposition (amount of salt deposition)/w2) Anti-freezing agent quality;
duration of salt deposition (day) t × [ w ]2V (salt assay yield/anti-freezing agent quality)]；
The effective time (year) of salt precipitation is the salt precipitation duration/(P/30);
wherein, P represents the annual precipitation of the area to be measured; c represents the amount concentration of the substance, ρ represents the density, w1Represents the mass percentage of the antifreeze in the rut test piece, w2Representing the mass percent of NaCl in the antifreeze, and t is the test days. The values of c and rho are directly obtained by an instrument test.
In the case of c, the concentration of the chloride ions dissolved in the mixed solution in the water container 1 can be measured by an electrode method, and specifically, the measurement method can be performed by the following method:
and (3) testing the chloride ion concentration:
putting a chloride ion selection electrode and a reference electrode into a solution at the same time, and reading a potential value V (unit: mv) after the reading is stable;
and secondly, substituting the read potential value into a chloride ion concentration-potential standard curve, and calculating to obtain the corresponding chloride ion concentration.
The chloride ion concentration-potential standard curve can be drawn in the following way:
main instruments and reagents
PHS-3C ion meter; a PCl-1 type chloride ion selective electrode; reference electrode: 217 type, double-sleeve saturated calomel electrode, outer sleeve filled with 3mol/L potassium nitrate agar;
total ionic strength modulator (TISAB): dissolving potassium nitrate and trisodium citrate in water, wherein the proportion of the potassium nitrate to the trisodium citrate is 80-120 g: 100-140 g: 800-1200mL (preferably 100 g: 120 g: 800-1000 mL);
chlorine standard solution a: 1.00mg/mL, 1.6486g of sodium chloride is accurately weighed, dissolved in a small amount of water in a 1000mL volumetric flask, diluted to a scale mark with water and shaken up;
chlorine standard solution B: measuring 25.00mL of chlorine standard solution A into a 100mL volumetric flask with the concentration of 0.25mg/mL, and shaking up after constant volume;
sodium hydroxide: 10mg/L and superior purity.
② drawing a chloride ion concentration-potential standard curve
Adding 1.00mL, 2.00mL, 4.00mL, 5.00mL and 6.00mL of chlorine standard solution B into a plurality of 100mL beakers, adding 5mL of TISAB solution, adding NaOH and HNO3The pH value of the chlorine standard solution B is adjusted to be about 5 by the solution, the solution is diluted to 20.00mL by distilled water, the potential value of chlorine is measured on an ion meter, and a chlorine ion concentration-potential standard curve is drawn.
Wherein the concentration of NaOH may be, for example but not limited to, 10mg/L, HNO3The solution may be prepared from concentrated hydrochloric acid and concentrated nitric acid in a volume ratio of 1-3:1 (preferably 2: 1).
In conclusion, the testing method provided by the application is simple and strong in operability, and can effectively simulate the actual outdoor rainfall condition through an indoor rainfall simulation test, so that the anti-freezing effect of the asphalt pavement under the actual rainfall condition is deduced and calculated, and the result is matched with the actual condition.
The features and properties of the present invention are described in further detail below with reference to examples.
Example 1
The embodiment provides a test device of bituminous paving freeze proof effect, including sponge, flourishing water installation 1, be used for with flourishing water installation 1 complex drench device 2 and be used for simulating bituminous paving's rut test piece 3.
The water containing device 1 is a cube, and the length, width and height are 1m multiplied by 1 m. The water containing device 1 is provided with a first accommodating cavity formed by the side surface and the bottom surface which are enclosed together.
The rut test piece 3 is a cuboid, and the length, width and height are respectively 0.3m × 0.3m × 0.05 m. The rut test piece 3 contains 5 wt% of antifreeze and 5 wt% of stones, and the balance is mainly asphalt. The antifreeze agent contains 65 wt% of NaCl. The rut test piece 3 described above can be produced substantially by: proportionally mixing cobble, asphalt and antifreezing agent, pouring in steel plate mould, compacting, cooling and removing mould.
The whole rain device 2 is also in a cube shape, the length, the width and the height are respectively 1m multiplied by 1m, and the rain device is used for being placed right above the water containing device 1 in the test process. The deluge device 2 has a second receiving chamber defined by a side wall and a bottom wall. The second containing cavity is used for containing solution to simulate rainwater. The bottom wall of the deluge device 2 is provided with a plurality of through holes 4. A plurality of through-holes 4 are rectangular array distribution in the diapire, and the aperture of every through-hole 4 is 35 mm. Each through hole 4 is partially blocked by a sponge so that the solution in the deluge device 2 drops into the water container 1 in a click shape after flowing out of the through hole 4. During testing, the rut test piece 3 is arranged on the bottom surface of the water containing device 1 and faces the through hole 4 area of the rain device 2, so that the solution in the rain device 2 is sprayed into the water containing device 1 to dissolve NaCl.
The number of the water containing devices 1, the rain devices 2 and the rut test pieces 3 is 1, and one rain device 2 corresponds to one water containing device 1 and one rut test piece 3. The water containing device 1 and the rain device 2 are both made of epoxy resin.
Example 2
The embodiment provides a method for testing the anti-freezing effect of an asphalt pavement, which comprises the following steps:
with the test device provided in example 1, during the test period, the solution in the shower device 2 was continuously sprayed into the water containing device 1 to dissolve NaCl contained in the rut test piece 3; and calculating the loss amount of the antifreezing agent of the rut test piece 3 according to the mass of the dissolved NaCl, and estimating the effective freezing resistance time of the simulated asphalt pavement by combining the relation between the precipitation amount of the NaCl and the time.
In the test process, the flow rate of the solution in the deluge device 2 flowing out of the through hole 4 can be 2.5L/h. The test period was 5 days.
After the test is finished, the anti-freezing effect of the asphalt pavement is calculated by the following formula:
salt analysis yield 585 xcMixed solution；
The mass of the anti-freezing agent is 45 multiplied by 5 percent multiplied by rhoRut test piece；
Percent salt precipitation (%) - (585 × ρ)Mixed solution)/(45×5％×ρMixture material×65％)；
The salt precipitation duration (day) is 5/salt precipitation percentage;
the effective time (year) of salt precipitation is the salt precipitation duration/(P/30);
wherein P is the annual precipitation of the area to be measured.
The concentration of the chloride ions dissolved in the solution in the water containing device 1 is measured by an electrode method, and specifically, the measuring method is carried out by the following method:
and (3) testing the chloride ion concentration:
putting a chloride ion selection electrode and a reference electrode into a solution at the same time, and reading a potential value V (unit: mv) after the reading is stable;
and secondly, substituting the read potential value into a chloride ion concentration-potential standard curve, and calculating to obtain the corresponding chloride ion concentration.
The chloride ion concentration-potential standard curve is drawn in the following way:
main instruments and reagents
PHS-3C ion meter; a PCl-1 type chloride ion selective electrode; reference electrode: 217 type, double-sleeve saturated calomel electrode, outer sleeve filled with 3mol/L potassium nitrate agar;
total ionic strength modulator (TISAB): dissolving potassium nitrate and trisodium citrate in water, wherein the proportion of the potassium nitrate to the trisodium citrate is 100 g: 120 g: 800-1000 mL;
chlorine standard solution a: 1.00mg/mL, 1.6486g of sodium chloride is accurately weighed, dissolved in a small amount of water in a 1000mL volumetric flask, diluted to a scale mark with water and shaken up;
chlorine standard solution B: measuring 25.00mL of chlorine standard solution A into a 100mL volumetric flask with the concentration of 0.25mg/mL, and shaking up after constant volume;
sodium hydroxide: 10mg/L and superior purity.
② drawing a chloride ion concentration-potential standard curve
Several 100mL beakers were charged with 1.00mL, 2.00mL, 4.00mL, 5.00mL, and 6.00mL of chlorine standard solution B, 5mL of TISAB solution was added, and 10mg/L NaOH and HNO were added3The pH value of the chlorine standard solution B is adjusted to be about 5 by the solution (2+1), the solution is diluted to be 20.00mL by distilled water, the potential value of chlorine is measured on an ion meter, and a chlorine ion concentration-potential standard curve is drawn.
Application example
By using 3 test apparatuses provided in example 1, a set of rut plates (3 blocks) having antifreeze contents of 3 wt%, 6 wt%, and 9 wt% was prepared, and the three sets of rut plates were placed in the water containers 1 of the 3 test apparatuses, respectively. The test is carried out according to the test method of example 2 (the actual operation chart of the test is shown in fig. 2), and after the test is finished, the content of the chloride ions in the water containing device 1 is measured, so that the loss amount of the anti-freezing agent of the track plate can be known (the standard curve of the chloride ion concentration-potential used in the calculation process is shown in fig. 3). The duration of the anti-freezing effect is researched by analyzing the combination of the test time, the chloride ion content in water (10L of each dripping solution in the water containing device 1 corresponding to the rut plates with the water content of 3 wt%, 6 wt% and 9 wt%, which is collected in the water containing device 1 and flows out of the rain device 2) and the annual precipitation amount in the test road area.
The results are shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1 salt analysis of various antifreeze admixtures
The average annual rainfall of a certain place is about 1500mm, and the rainfall of the certain place is 1200 hours all the year for about 50 days according to the rainfall standard of medium to heavy rain (the rainfall is about 30mm in 24 hours). The test is carried out for 5 days, the total time is 120 hours, the separated mass of the rut plate salt is 8.775g, 12.87g and 18.135g respectively at 3 wt%, 6 wt% and 9 wt%, and the separated mass of the rut plate salt is 4%, 2.93% and 2.76% respectively at 3 wt%, 6 wt% and 9 wt% because the content of the effective component (NaCl) in the antifreeze is 65 wt% in combination with the mass of the antifreeze in the rut plate.
If the salt precipitation is linear with time, the salt precipitation in the rut plates of 3 wt%, 6 wt% and 9 wt% can be maintained for 125 days, 170.65 days and 181.16 days respectively, and the anti-freezing agent mixture with the content of 3 wt%, 6 wt% and 9 wt% can be used for 2.5 years, 3.41 years and 3.62 years respectively by combining the days of full-year rainfall in a certain place. According to related experiments, salt precipitation and time are not in a linear relation, but gradually slow down along with the time, and the effective freezing resisting time of the anti-freezing agent can be estimated to reach 5-7 years.
In conclusion, the testing method provided by the application is simple and strong in operability, and can simulate the actual outdoor rainfall condition through an indoor rain-drop simulation test, so that the anti-freezing effect of the asphalt pavement under the actual rainfall condition is deduced and calculated, the actual condition is better met, and the quantitative measurement of the duration time of the anti-freezing effect of the asphalt pavement is realized.
The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes will occur to those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A test device for the anti-freezing effect of an asphalt pavement is characterized by comprising a track test piece, a water containing device and a rain device matched with the water containing device;
the water containing device is provided with a first accommodating cavity for placing a track testing piece simulating an asphalt pavement; the components of the rutting test piece comprise an antifreezing agent containing NaCl;
the rain device is used for being located above the water containing device in the testing process, the rain device is provided with a second containing cavity used for containing a solution simulating rainwater, and a plurality of through holes are formed in the bottom of the rain device, so that the solution in the rain device is sprayed to the surface of the rut testing piece and is accumulated in the water containing device.
2. The test apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the rutting test piece contains 3 to 7 wt% of an antifreeze agent;
preferably, the rutting test piece further comprises 3-6 wt% of stones, and the balance is mainly asphalt;
preferably, the antifreeze agent contains 60-70 wt% of NaCl.
3. The testing device of claim 1, wherein the deluge device comprises a side wall and a bottom wall, the side wall and the bottom wall enclose the second accommodating cavity, and the through holes are distributed on the bottom wall in an array form;
preferably, the array comprises a rectangular array or a circular array.
4. The testing device according to claim 1, wherein the aperture of each of the through holes is 20-50 mm.
5. The testing device of any one of claims 1-4, further comprising a blocking member for partially blocking each of the through holes such that the solution in the deluge device drips as a click into the water receptacle after flowing out of the through holes;
preferably, the obstruction is a sponge or cotton.
6. The test device according to claim 1, wherein the number of the water containing devices is 1-5, and the rain devices are the same as the water containing devices in number and are matched with the water containing devices one by one;
preferably, the number of the water containing devices is 2-4.
7. The test apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the material of the water container and the deluge device does not contain chlorine;
preferably, the material is resin, more preferably epoxy resin.
8. The method for testing the anti-freezing effect of the asphalt pavement is characterized by comprising the following steps of: using the test device according to any one of claims 1 to 7, continuously spraying the solution in the rain-spraying device into the water containing device during the test to dissolve NaCl contained in the rutting test piece; and calculating the loss amount of the antifreezing agent of the rut test piece according to the mass of the dissolved NaCl, and then estimating the effective freezing time of the simulated asphalt pavement by combining the relation between the precipitation amount of the NaCl and the time.
9. The test method according to claim 8, wherein the flow rate of the solution in the deluge device during the test from the through-hole is 1-5L/h, preferably 2-3L/h, more preferably 2.5L/h;
preferably, the test period is 3 to 7 days, preferably 5 days.
10. The test method according to claim 8, wherein the following formula estimates the anti-freezing effect of the asphalt pavement:
salt analysis yield MNaCl×VMixed solution×cMixed solution；
The anti-freezing agent has a mass of VRut test piece×w1×ρRut test piece；
Percent (%) salt precipitation (salt analysis amount/w)2) Anti-freezing agent quality;
duration of salt deposition t × [ w ]2V (salt assay yield/anti-freezing agent quality)]；
The effective time for salt precipitation is the salt precipitation duration/(P/30);
wherein, P represents the annual precipitation of the area to be measured; c represents the amount concentration of the substance, ρ represents the density, w1Represents the mass percentage of the antifreeze in the rut test piece, w2The NaCl represents the mass percent of the NaCl in the antifreeze, t is the test days, the unit of the salt precipitation duration time is day, and the unit of the salt precipitation effective time is year.
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