CN113959934B - Bearing bush cavitation resistance test device and test method - Google Patents
Bearing bush cavitation resistance test device and test method Download PDFInfo
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- CN113959934B CN113959934B CN202111232195.9A CN202111232195A CN113959934B CN 113959934 B CN113959934 B CN 113959934B CN 202111232195 A CN202111232195 A CN 202111232195A CN 113959934 B CN113959934 B CN 113959934B
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Abstract
The invention relates to a bearing bush cavitation resistance test device and a test method. The test device comprises a supporting bearing seat, a connecting rod assembly, an eccentric shaft, a hydraulic system, an lubricating oil system, a core platform and a rack; the eccentric shaft is arranged on the core platform through a supporting bearing seat; the connecting rod big end of the connecting rod assembly is provided with a bearing bush mounting hole for mounting a bearing bush to be tested, the bearing bush mounting hole is sleeved on the eccentric shaft, and the connecting rod small end of the connecting rod assembly is connected with a piston rod of the hydraulic system through a fork piece; the lubricating oil system supplies oil to the bearing bushes supporting the bearing pedestal and the large end of the connecting rod; one end of the eccentric shaft is connected with a motor, the motor drives the eccentric shaft to rotate, and the eccentric shaft drives the connecting rod assembly and a piston rod in the hydraulic system to move, so that the tested bearing bush generates cavitation; the supporting bearing seat and the hydraulic system are fixed on the core platform; the core platform and the motor are fixed on the rack. The invention also provides a test method. The invention can quantitatively or qualitatively detect and analyze the cavitation erosion resistance of the bearing bush surface material.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of bearing bush detection tools, in particular to a bearing bush cavitation resistance test device and method.
Background
In the running process of the diesel engine, the bearing bush bears a periodically-changed dynamic load, and under the action of alternating load and lubricating oil, the materialized microbubbles in the fluid are extremely easy to gather and become large under the condition of being instantaneously lower than gasification pressure, and are instantaneously and severely exploded during high-pressure recovery, so that cavitation is formed on the working surface of the bearing bush. Cavitation can deform and fatigue the bearing bush surface material, and finally the bearing bush surface material is peeled off from the surface to form pits and pits, so that the bearing bush is invalid. Cavitation is one of the main forms of causing the failure of the bearing bush of the diesel engine, and therefore, the quantitative characterization and comparison analysis of cavitation resistance of the bearing bush surface material are particularly important.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a device and a method for testing cavitation erosion resistance of a bearing bush, which are used for quantitatively or qualitatively detecting and analyzing the cavitation erosion resistance of a bearing bush surface material.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
the cavitation resistance test device for the bearing bush comprises a supporting bearing seat, a connecting rod assembly, an eccentric shaft, a hydraulic system, an lubricating oil system, a core platform and a rack;
the eccentric shaft is supported and installed on the core platform through the supporting bearing seat;
the connecting rod big end of the connecting rod assembly is provided with a bearing bush mounting hole for mounting a bearing bush to be tested and sleeved on the eccentric shaft through the bearing bush mounting hole, and the connecting rod small end of the connecting rod assembly is connected with a piston rod in the hydraulic system through a fork-shaped piece;
the bearing support and the large connecting rod head are also connected with an oil system, and oil is supplied to the bearing bushes in the bearing support and the large connecting rod head and the bearing bushes to be tested through the oil system;
one end of the eccentric shaft is connected with a motor through a coupler, the motor drives the eccentric shaft to rotate, the eccentric shaft drives a connecting rod assembly to move, and the connecting rod assembly drives a piston rod in a hydraulic system to move, so that cavitation is generated on the surface of a tested bearing bush;
the supporting bearing seat and a hydraulic cylinder of the hydraulic system are fixed on the core platform;
the core platform and the motor are fixed on the rack.
Preferably, the support bearing seat is provided with a support bearing bush mounting hole, the inner wall of the support bearing bush mounting hole is provided with a first annular oil groove along the annular direction, and the eccentric shaft is mounted in the support bearing bush mounting hole through the support bearing bush;
the bearing support is characterized in that a first lubricating oil inlet channel is further arranged in the bearing support, a first oil inlet of the bearing support is connected with the lubricating oil system, an oil outlet of the bearing support is communicated with the first annular oil groove, lubricating oil in the lubricating oil system flows into the first lubricating oil inlet channel from the first oil inlet and then flows into the first annular oil groove, and an oil film is formed on the surface of the bearing bush.
Preferably, a second annular oil groove is formed in the inner wall of the tested bearing bush mounting hole along the annular direction;
the connecting rod big head is internally provided with a second lubricating oil inlet channel, a second oil inlet of the connecting rod big head is connected with the lubricating oil system, an oil outlet of the connecting rod big head is communicated with the second annular oil groove, lubricating oil in the lubricating oil system flows into the second lubricating oil inlet channel from the second oil inlet and then flows into the second annular oil groove, and an oil film is formed on the surface of the tested bearing bush;
the connecting rod small end is provided with a mounting hole, the connecting rod small end is connected with the fork-shaped piece through the mounting hole and the connecting pin, and a bushing is further arranged between the mounting hole and the connecting pin.
Preferably, the eccentric shafts comprise a first eccentric shaft and a second eccentric shaft which are connected through an intermediate transmission shaft, and one end of the first eccentric shaft is connected with the motor through a coupling, so that the first eccentric shaft and the second eccentric shaft realize synchronous rotation.
Preferably, the first eccentric shaft comprises a connecting shaft section, a first supporting shaft section, a first eccentric shaft section, a second supporting shaft section and a first middle connecting shaft section which are connected in sequence, and the second eccentric shaft comprises a second middle connecting shaft section, a third supporting shaft section, a second eccentric shaft section, a fourth supporting shaft section and a thrust shaft section which are connected in sequence;
the connecting shaft section is connected with the motor through a coupler, the first supporting shaft section, the second supporting shaft section, the third supporting shaft section and the fourth supporting shaft section are matched with the four supporting bearing seats through four bearing bushes respectively, the first eccentric shaft section and the second eccentric shaft section are matched with the connecting rod big ends of two connecting rod assemblies through two bearing bushes to be tested respectively, and the first intermediate connecting shaft section and the second intermediate connecting shaft section are connected together through an intermediate transmission shaft.
Preferably, the hydraulic system comprises two hydraulic cylinders, wherein a piston rod in one hydraulic cylinder is connected with a small connecting rod end of one connecting rod assembly through a fork-shaped piece, and a piston rod in the other hydraulic cylinder is connected with a small connecting rod end of the other connecting rod assembly through the other fork-shaped piece;
one end of an upper oil cylinder and one end of a lower oil cylinder of the hydraulic cylinder are sequentially connected with a first one-way valve, a first pump group and a hydraulic oil tank through oil pipes respectively, and the other end of the upper oil cylinder and the other end of the lower oil cylinder are sequentially connected with an overflow valve and the hydraulic oil tank through the oil pipes respectively, so that the circulating flow of oil is realized.
Preferably, the lubricating oil system comprises a lubricating oil tank, a second pump group, a filter, a one-way valve and a flowmeter which are connected in sequence through oil pipes;
the flowmeter is connected with a plurality of regulating valves through oil pipes, the regulating valves are connected in parallel, and the regulating valves are respectively connected with a plurality of pressure gauges through the oil pipes;
one part of the pressure gauges are connected with a first oil inlet of the first lubricating oil inlet channel through an oil pipe, and the other part of the pressure gauges are connected with a second oil inlet of the second lubricating oil inlet channel through an oil pipe;
the oil pipe connected with the second oil inlet through the pressure gauge is also provided with a miniature gas metering pump;
after sequentially flowing through a second pump group, a filter, a one-way valve and a flowmeter, the lubricating oil in the lubricating oil tank flows into a plurality of pressure gauges through a plurality of regulating valves respectively, the lubricating oil flowing through one part of the pressure gauges directly flows into a first oil inlet, flows into a first annular oil groove through a first lubricating oil inlet channel, forms an oil film on the surface of a bearing bush, flows into a micro gas metering pump, forms bubbles in the lubricating oil through the micro gas metering pump, flows into a second oil inlet, flows into a second annular oil groove through a second lubricating oil inlet channel, forms an oil film on the surface of a tested bearing bush, the bubbles promote cavitation on the surface of the tested bearing bush, and then overflows into a box body through gaps between the bearing bush and the tested bearing bush and an eccentric shaft, and flows back into the lubricating oil tank from an oil outlet hole at the bottom of the box body.
Preferably, the core platform is provided with a through hole, the fork-shaped piece is clamped at the upper end of the through hole, a piston rod in the hydraulic system passes through the through hole from bottom to top and is connected with the fork-shaped piece, and the core platform comprises two parts;
the fork-shaped piece is of a U-shaped structure, a small connecting rod end of the connecting rod assembly is clamped between two side walls of the fork-shaped piece, assembly holes are formed in the two side walls, the two assembly holes are assembled and fixed with the mounting holes through connecting pins, and a through hole is formed in the bottom of the fork-shaped piece and used for fixing a piston rod;
the bottom of the box body is provided with two irregular through holes, the edges of inner holes of the two irregular through holes are respectively matched with the peripheries of the two core platforms in a sealing mode, and the supporting bearing seat, the connecting rod assembly and the eccentric shaft are all arranged in the box body, so that lubricating oil flowing out of the bearing bush, the bearing bush to be tested and the eccentric shaft flows in the box body, and flows back into the lubricating oil tank through the oil outlet hole at the bottom of the box body.
Preferably, an oil groove structure is formed on the inner side wall of the tested bearing bush in a circumferential direction, and an oil inlet hole is further formed in the oil groove structure so as to promote cavitation.
In the actual test process, the oil inlet hole and oil groove structures of the tested bearing bush can be optimized by the light and heavy cavitation of the test.
The invention also provides a method for testing the cavitation erosion resistance of the bearing bush by using the bearing bush cavitation erosion resistance testing device, which comprises the following steps:
1) Cleaning greasy dirt and sundries on the surface of the tested bearing bush, drying and weighing;
2) Installing the tested bearing bush into the large end of the connecting rod of the connecting assembly, and adjusting the gap between the tested bearing bush and the shaft diameter of the eccentric shaft to ensure that the gap is between 0.06 and 0.133mm, so that manual jigger is smooth;
3) Starting an oil system and a hydraulic system, setting oil pressure, setting a pressure value of an overflow valve in the hydraulic system, and supplying oil to bearing bushes in a supporting bearing seat and a large end of a connecting rod by the oil system;
4) Starting a motor, setting the rotating speed of the motor to be the same as that of a diesel engine, and driving an eccentric shaft to rotate through the motor, wherein the eccentric shaft drives a connecting rod assembly and a piston rod in a hydraulic system to move in sequence, so that a tested bearing bush generates cavitation;
5) And after the test is finished, sequentially closing the motor, the hydraulic system and the lubricating oil system, taking out the tested bearing bush, cleaning, drying and weighing.
Cavitation on the bearing shell of a diesel engine is generally divided into two types, namely wave cavitation and flow cavitation. The reason for the fluctuation cavitation is that the shaft diameter has a fierce centripetal movement area, the lubricating oil can not be timely supplemented, the lubricating oil clearance is increased, the instant low pressure is caused, the bubbles mixed in the lubricating oil or the bubbles formed by the precipitation of the internal gas are broken under the action of the shaft diameter extrusion or the pulsating oil pressure, and the high pressure is released to impact the surface of the bearing bush. When the lubricating oil flows through the oil groove and the oil hole, instantaneous low pressure is generated due to mutation of the cross section of the flow passage to form bubbles, and the bubbles are broken after being extruded to impact the surface of the bearing bush.
According to the test method of the bearing bush cavitation resistance test device, on the basis of fluctuating cavitation conditions, quantitative air is injected into the oil pipe through the miniature gas metering pump, so that tiny bubbles are mixed in lubricating oil in an oil duct, cavitation generation conditions are increased, and meanwhile, the oil groove structure is arranged on the tested bearing bush, so that the generation of flow cavitation is further promoted.
Wherein the precision of the electro-optical analytical balance is 0.1mg. When the stress condition of the actual diesel engine bearing bush is calculated, the load can be converted to the pressure set value of the overflow valve, so that the unit area stress of the tested bearing bush is consistent with that of the actual diesel engine bearing bush, and the stress working condition of the diesel engine bearing bush can be accurately simulated.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1) According to the bearing bush cavitation resistance test device, the connecting rod assembly, the eccentric shaft, the hydraulic system, the lubricating oil system and the motor are arranged, the motor drives the eccentric shaft to rotate, the eccentric shaft drives the connecting rod assembly to move, the connecting rod assembly drives the piston rod in the hydraulic system to move, the stress condition of the surface of the tested bearing bush can be changed in the up-and-down movement process of the piston rod, so that the lubricating oil film on the surface of the tested bearing bush can be changed in pressure, the cavitation resistance of the surface of the tested bearing bush is realized, the bearing bush cavitation resistance is tested, the bearing block is supported by the supporting bearing block, the smooth performance of the test is ensured, and after the test is finished, the tested bearing bush is taken down, the shape change and the measured mass loss rate are observed, so that the cavitation resistance of the tested bearing bush is judged. The cavitation resistance of the bearing bush surface material is quantitatively or qualitatively detected and analyzed.
2) Through setting up first eccentric shaft and second eccentric shaft, install a bush of being tested respectively on two eccentric shafts to make two eccentric shafts realize synchronous rotation, thereby realized the synchronous test of a plurality of bushes of being tested, shortened test time promptly, still accessible a plurality of test results get the mean value, improved the accuracy of test result.
3) According to the test method of the bearing bush cavitation resistance test device, the cavitation occurrence condition of a diesel engine is simulated through the test machine, the cavitation phenomenon is generated on the bearing bush, the morphology change image and the quality loss rate after cavitation are obtained, the cavitation condition of the bearing bush test piece can be comprehensively evaluated through morphology observation condition and the quality loss rate, so that the cavitation resistance of the bearing bush material and the rationality of the bearing bush structure are judged, and the test method has the advantages of accurate test result, high reliability, high contrast and the like.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration of the structure of the present invention (the oil system and hydraulic system other than the hydraulic cylinder and piston rod are not shown);
FIG. 2 is a top view of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view taken along line A-A of FIG. 2;
FIG. 4 is a partial enlarged view at B-B in FIG. 3;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the structure of a support bearing housing;
FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view taken along line C-C of FIG. 5;
FIG. 7 is a schematic structural view of a connecting rod assembly;
FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view taken along line D-D of FIG. 7;
FIG. 9 is a schematic view of the structure of the first eccentric shaft;
FIG. 10 is a schematic view of the structure of the second eccentric shaft;
FIG. 11 is a schematic view of the structure of the intermediate drive shaft;
FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram of a hydraulic system;
FIG. 13 is a schematic diagram of the configuration of the oil system (dashed lines indicate components associated with the oil system);
FIG. 14 is a schematic view of the fork-type member;
FIG. 15 is a cross-sectional view taken along E-E in FIG. 14;
FIG. 16 is a schematic view of the structure of a bearing shell tested in the example;
fig. 17 is a left side view of fig. 16.
The device comprises a 1-supporting bearing seat, a 101-supporting bearing bush mounting hole, a 102-first annular oil groove, a 103-first lubricating oil inlet channel and a 104-first oil inlet; 2-connecting rod components, 201-connecting rod big ends, 202-connecting rod small ends, 203-bearing bush mounting holes, 204-second annular oil grooves, 205-second lubricating oil inlet channels, 206-second oil inlets and 207-mounting holes; 3-eccentric shaft, 301-first eccentric shaft, 302-second eccentric shaft, 303-connecting shaft section, 304-first supporting shaft section, 305-first eccentric shaft section, 306-second supporting shaft section, 307-first intermediate connecting shaft section, 308-second intermediate connecting shaft section, 309-third supporting shaft section, 310-second eccentric shaft section, 311-fourth supporting shaft section, 312-thrust shaft section; 4-hydraulic system, 401-piston rod, 402-hydraulic cylinder, 403-first check valve, 404-first pump group, 405-hydraulic oil tank, 406-overflow valve; the system comprises a 5-lubricating oil system, a 501-lubricating oil tank, a 502-second pump set, a 503-filter, a 504-one-way valve, a 505-flowmeter, a 506-regulating valve, a 507-manometer and a 508-miniature gas metering pump; 6-a core platform; 7-a rack; 8-bearing bushes; 9-fork-shaped piece, 901-connecting pin, 902-through hole; 10-a tested bearing bush, 1001-an oil groove structure and 1002-an oil inlet; 11-a coupling; 12-an electric motor; 13-an intermediate drive shaft; 14-box body, 1401-oil outlet.
Detailed Description
Further advantages and effects of the present invention will become readily apparent to those skilled in the art from the disclosure herein, by referring to the accompanying drawings and the preferred embodiments. The invention may be practiced or carried out in other embodiments that depart from the specific details, and the details of the present description may be modified or varied from the spirit and scope of the present invention. It should be understood that the preferred embodiments are presented by way of illustration only and not by way of limitation.
It should be noted that the illustrations provided in the following embodiments merely illustrate the basic concept of the present invention by way of illustration, and only the components related to the present invention are shown in the drawings and are not drawn according to the number, shape and size of the components in actual implementation, and the form, number and proportion of the components in actual implementation may be arbitrarily changed, and the layout of the components may be more complicated.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1 to 17, a bearing cavitation resistance test device comprises a support bearing seat 1, a connecting rod assembly 2, an eccentric shaft 3, a hydraulic system 4, an lubricating oil system 5, a core platform 6 and a rack 7;
the eccentric shaft 3 is supported and installed on the core platform 6 through the supporting bearing seat 1;
the large connecting rod end 201 of the connecting rod assembly 2 is provided with a bearing bush mounting hole 203 for mounting the bearing bush 10 to be tested, and is sleeved on the eccentric shaft 3 through the bearing bush mounting hole 203, and the small connecting rod end 202 of the connecting rod assembly 2 is connected with a piston rod 401 in the hydraulic system 4 through a fork-shaped piece 9;
the supporting bearing seat 1 and the connecting rod big head 201 are also connected with an oil system 5, and oil is supplied to the bearing bushes in the supporting bearing seat 1 and the connecting rod big head 201 and the bearing bushes to be tested through the oil system 5;
one end of the eccentric shaft 3 is connected with a motor 12 through a coupler 11, the motor 12 drives the eccentric shaft 3 to rotate, the eccentric shaft 3 drives a connecting rod assembly 2 to move, and the connecting rod assembly 2 drives a piston rod 401 in a hydraulic system 4 to move, so that cavitation is generated on the surface of a tested bearing bush;
the supporting bearing seat 1 and the hydraulic cylinder 402 of the hydraulic system 4 are fixed on the core platform 6;
the core platform 6 and the motor 12 are fixed on the gantry 7.
Through setting up link assembly, the eccentric shaft, hydraulic system, lubricating oil system and motor, the motor drives the eccentric shaft and rotates, the eccentric shaft drives link assembly motion, link assembly drives piston rod in the hydraulic system and moves, the piston rod up-and-down motion in-process, the atress condition on tested axle bush surface can change, make the lubricating oil film on tested axle bush surface produce pressure variation, thereby make the axle bush surface that is tested produce cavitation phenomenon, the test of axle bush cavitation resistance ability has been realized, and support for the eccentric shaft through supporting the bearing frame, the smooth going on of test has been guaranteed, after the end, take off the axle bush that is tested, observe topography variation and measurement mass loss rate, judge the cavitation resistance ability of the axle bush that is tested. The cavitation resistance of the bearing bush surface material is quantitatively or qualitatively detected and analyzed.
In this embodiment, the pneumatic cylinder of hydraulic system passes through the bolt fastening on the core platform, and uses the sealing washer to seal at the contact surface, prevents the oil leak. The supporting bearing seat is fixed on the core platform through bolts and positioned through pins and pin holes. The core platform is fixed on the bench through bolts, and a sealing ring is arranged on the contact surface to prevent oil leakage. The coupling is a two-half coupling. The motor is fixed on the bench through bolts.
The support bearing seat 1 is provided with a support bearing bush mounting hole 101, the inner wall of the support bearing bush mounting hole 101 is provided with a first annular oil groove 102 along the annular direction, and the eccentric shaft 3 is mounted in the support bearing bush mounting hole 101 through the support bearing bush 8;
the support bearing seat 1 is also internally provided with a first lubricating oil inlet passage 103, a first oil inlet 104 of the support bearing seat is connected with the lubricating oil system 5, an oil outlet is connected with the first annular oil groove 102, and lubricating oil in the lubricating oil system 5 flows into the first lubricating oil inlet passage 103 from the first oil inlet 104 and then flows into the first annular oil groove 102, so that an oil film is formed on the surface of the bearing bush 8.
By arranging the support bearing seat, enough support is provided for the eccentric shaft, and the support bearing seat is fixed on the core platform, so that the rotating stability of the eccentric shaft is ensured. Meanwhile, the lubricating oil system is arranged to supply lubricating oil to the bearing bush, so that the bearing bush is protected, and the service life of the bearing bush is prolonged.
In this embodiment, the support bearing block includes an upper portion and a lower portion, where the upper portion and the lower portion are fixed together by bolts, and then are fixed on the core platform by bolts.
The inner wall of the bearing bush mounting hole 203 to be tested is provided with a second annular oil groove 204 along the annular direction;
a second lubricating oil inlet channel 205 is further arranged in the connecting rod big head 201, a second oil inlet 206 of the connecting rod big head is connected with the lubricating oil system 5, an oil outlet is communicated with the second annular oil groove 204, lubricating oil in the lubricating oil system 5 flows into the second lubricating oil inlet channel 205 from the second oil inlet 206 and then flows into the second annular oil groove 204, and an oil film is formed on the surface of the tested bearing bush 10;
the connecting rod small end 202 is provided with a mounting hole 207, the connecting rod small end 202 is connected with the fork-shaped piece 9 through the mounting hole 207 and the connecting pin 901, and a bushing is arranged between the mounting hole 207 and the connecting pin 901.
The eccentric shaft 3 comprises a first eccentric shaft 301 and a second eccentric shaft 302 which are connected through an intermediate transmission shaft 13, and one end of the first eccentric shaft 301 is connected with the motor 12 through a coupler 11, so that the first eccentric shaft 301 and the second eccentric shaft 302 realize synchronous rotation.
In this embodiment, the intermediate transmission shaft 13 adopts a two-half structure, and is fixedly connected together through bolts, and two ends of the intermediate transmission shaft 13 are provided with identical connecting ports 1301 for respectively installing the first eccentric shaft 301 and the second eccentric shaft 302.
The first eccentric shaft 301 comprises a connecting shaft section 303, a first supporting shaft section 304, a first eccentric shaft section 305, a second supporting shaft section 306 and a first intermediate connecting shaft section 307 which are connected in sequence, and the second eccentric shaft 302 comprises a second intermediate connecting shaft section 308, a third supporting shaft section 309, a second eccentric shaft section 310, a fourth supporting shaft section 311 and a thrust shaft section 312 which are connected in sequence;
the connecting shaft section 303 is connected with the motor 12 through the coupler 11, the first supporting shaft section 304, the second supporting shaft section 306, the third supporting shaft section 309 and the fourth supporting shaft section 311 are respectively matched with the four supporting bearing seats 1 through the four bearing bushes 8, the first eccentric shaft section 305 and the second eccentric shaft section 310 are respectively matched with the connecting rod big heads 201 of the two connecting rod assemblies 2 through the two bearing bushes 10 to be tested, and the first intermediate connecting shaft section 307 and the second intermediate connecting shaft section 308 are connected together through the intermediate transmission shaft 13.
Through setting up first eccentric shaft and second eccentric shaft, install a bush of being tested respectively on two eccentric shafts to make two eccentric shafts realize synchronous rotation, thereby realized the synchronous test of a plurality of bushes of being tested, shortened test time promptly, still accessible a plurality of test results get the mean value, improved the accuracy of test result.
The hydraulic system 4 comprises two hydraulic cylinders 402, wherein a piston rod 401 in one hydraulic cylinder 402 is connected with the small connecting rod end 202 of one connecting rod assembly 2 through one fork-shaped piece 9, and a piston rod 401 in the other hydraulic cylinder 402 is connected with the small connecting rod end 202 of the other connecting rod assembly 2 through the other fork-shaped piece 9;
one end of an upper oil cylinder and one end of a lower oil cylinder of the hydraulic cylinder 402 are sequentially connected with a first one-way valve 403, a first pump group 404 and a hydraulic oil tank 405 through oil pipes respectively, and the other end of the upper oil cylinder and the lower oil cylinder are sequentially connected with an overflow valve 406 and the hydraulic oil tank 405 through oil pipes respectively, so that the circulating flow of oil is realized.
The lubricating oil system 5 comprises a lubricating oil tank 501, a second pump set 502, a filter 503, a check valve 504 and a flowmeter 505 which are connected in sequence through oil pipes;
the flowmeter 505 is connected with a plurality of regulating valves 506 through oil pipes, the regulating valves 506 are connected in parallel, and the regulating valves 506 are respectively connected with a plurality of pressure gauges 507 through oil pipes;
one part of pressure gauge 507 is connected with the first oil inlet 104 of the first lubricating oil inlet duct 103 through an oil pipe, and the other part of pressure gauge 507 is connected with the second oil inlet 206 of the second lubricating oil inlet duct 205 through an oil pipe;
the oil pipe of the pressure gauge 507 connected with the second oil inlet 206 is also provided with a miniature gas metering pump 508;
after the lubricating oil in the lubricating oil tank 501 sequentially flows through the second pump group 502, the filter 503, the check valve 504 and the flowmeter 505, the lubricating oil flows into the pressure gauges 507 through the regulating valves 506, the lubricating oil flowing through one part of the pressure gauges 507 directly flows into the first oil inlet 104, flows into the first annular oil groove 102 through the first lubricating oil inlet channel 103, forms an oil film on the surface of the bearing bush 8, flows into the micro gas metering pump 508 through the other part of the pressure gauges 507, forms bubbles in the lubricating oil through the micro gas metering pump 508, flows into the second oil inlet 206, flows into the second annular oil groove 204 through the second lubricating oil inlet channel 205, forms an oil film on the surface of the tested bearing bush 10, the bubbles promote cavitation on the surface of the tested bearing bush 10, and then the lubricating oil overflows into the box 14 through gaps between the bearing bush 8 and the tested bearing bush 10 and the eccentric shaft 3, and flows back into the lubricating oil tank 501 from the oil outlet 1401 at the bottom of the box 14.
The micro gas metering pump is arranged on the oil inlet pipe of the lubricating oil system of the tested bearing bush, so that bubbles in lubricating oil are increased, and when the lubricating oil with the bubbles flows into the surface of the tested bearing bush, the cavitation phenomenon of the surface of the tested bearing bush can be promoted, and the test efficiency is improved.
The core platform 6 is provided with a through hole along the axis direction, the fork-shaped piece 9 is clamped at the upper end of the through hole, and a piston rod 401 in the hydraulic system 4 passes through the through hole from bottom to top and is connected with the fork-shaped piece 9;
the core platforms 6 comprise two, the two supporting bearing seats 1 on the first eccentric shaft 301 are fixed on one core platform 6, and the two supporting bearing seats 1 on the second eccentric shaft 302 are fixed on the other core platform 6;
the fork-shaped piece 9 is of a U-shaped structure, the small connecting rod end 202 of the connecting rod assembly 2 is clamped between two side walls of the fork-shaped piece 9, the two side walls are provided with assembly holes, the two assembly holes are assembled and fixed with the mounting holes 207 through connecting pins 901, and the bottom of the fork-shaped piece 9 is provided with a through hole 902 for fixing the piston rod 401;
the bottom of the box body 14 is provided with two irregular through holes, the inner hole edges of the two irregular through holes are respectively matched with the peripheries of the two core platforms 6 in a sealing mode, the supporting bearing seat 1, the connecting rod assembly 2 and the eccentric shaft 3 are arranged in the box body 14, so that lubricating oil flowing out of the supporting bearing seat 1, the connecting rod assembly 2 and the eccentric shaft 3 flows in the box body 14, and then flows back into the lubricating oil tank 501 through an oil outlet 1401 at the bottom of the box body 14.
In this embodiment, the through hole 903 provided at the bottom of the fork 9 is an internally threaded through hole, and the piston rod 401 is screwed in the through hole 903. The motor is arranged outside the box body 14, and the box body is also hinged with a box cover, so that the box cover can be closed when no test is performed, and the cleaning of the supporting bearing seat, the connecting rod assembly and the eccentric shaft is ensured. The box body is fixed on the rack through bolts, and the contact surface is provided with a sealing ring.
An oil groove structure 1001 is formed on the inner side wall of the tested bearing bush 10 in a circumferential direction, and an oil inlet hole 1002 is further formed in the oil groove structure 1001 so as to promote cavitation.
In the actual test process, the oil inlet hole and oil groove structures of the tested bearing bush can be optimized by the light and heavy cavitation of the test.
By arranging the oil groove structure on the tested bearing bush, cavitation is promoted, and the cavitation test time is shortened.
In this embodiment, the structural design of the tested bearing bush is different from that of a conventional bearing bush, in the design process of the conventional bearing bush, the oil groove is generally formed to avoid a stress area, because in the stress area, the sectional shape of the tail end of the oil groove can change, at the moment, the thickness of an oil film of the stress area is reduced, the pressure of the oil film is increased, due to the viscosity and inertia characteristics of the oil, the oil film can be cut off due to abrupt change of the oil groove, new oil can not be replenished, local instantaneous low pressure can occur at the tail end of the oil groove, when the vaporization pressure is lower than that, microbubbles can be separated out from the oil, the bubbles are extruded and exploded under the action of high pressure, and the impact is caused to the surface of the bearing bush, so that the surface cavitation is formed. In the embodiment, the oil groove with the diameter of phi 7.5 radian and larger change of the section is specially designed in the bottom stress area of 90 degrees of the bearing bush for the bearing bush to be tested, compared with the diameter of phi 65mm of the bearing bush, the oil groove with the diameter of phi 7.5 radian is steeper in tail, the change of the section of the oil groove is obvious, and the cavitation mechanism is met, so that the cavitation phenomenon is easier to generate in the stress area of the bearing bush to be tested. In addition, an oil inlet hole is formed in the 45-degree side of the oil groove structure, so that sufficient oil inlet is ensured, the surface cavitation state can be continuously maintained in the test process, and the oil supply of the bearing bush is ensured to be sufficiently not burnt.
Example 2
The method for testing the cavitation erosion resistance test device of the bearing bush in the embodiment 1 comprises the following steps:
1) Taking two bearing bush test pieces as tested bearing bushes, cleaning greasy dirt and sundries on the surfaces of the tested bearing bushes, putting the bearing bushes into an oven for drying, taking out the tested bearing bushes, and weighing by using an electro-optical analytical balance, wherein the materials of the two bearing bushes can be identical and different;
2) Installing the tested bearing bush into a bearing bush installation hole of a connecting rod big end of the connecting rod assembly, and adjusting a gap between the tested bearing bush and the shaft diameter of the eccentric shaft to enable the gap to be between 0.06 and 0.133mm, so that manual jigger is smooth;
3) Starting an oil lubrication system and a hydraulic system, setting the oil lubrication pressure to be 0.5MPa, converting the 50MPa load of a bearing bush on a diesel engine into a set value of the overflow valve in the hydraulic system by adjusting the overflow valve of the hydraulic system, namely, converting the set value of the overflow valve into 20MPa, and transmitting the load to the bearing bush to be tested to be 50MPa; opening a miniature gas metering pump, starting to flush refined gas into an oil pipe of an lubricating oil system, increasing the amount of microbubbles in lubricating oil supply, and creating conditions for cavitation;
4) Starting a motor, setting the motor rotation speed to be the same as that of a diesel engine, driving an eccentric shaft to rotate through the motor, and sequentially driving a connecting rod assembly and a piston rod in a hydraulic system to move by the eccentric shaft to enable a tested bearing bush to generate cavitation, wherein the motor rotation speed is adjustable in a range of 0-3600 r/min;
5) After the test is finished, the motor, the hydraulic system and the lubricating oil system are sequentially turned off, the tested bearing bush is taken out, cleaned and put into an oven for drying, the bearing bush is taken out after being cooled, and is weighed by an electro-optical analytical balance to obtain the weight after the test, and the change of the surface of the tested bearing bush and the weight before the test are observed for comparison analysis. Therefore, the loss of the bearing bush material caused by cavitation can be quantitatively obtained, and if the bearing bushes are made of different materials, the performance difference of the two materials can be compared and analyzed during the simultaneous test.
Wherein the precision of the electro-optical analytical balance is 0.1mg. When the stress condition of the actual diesel engine bearing bush is calculated, the load can be converted to the pressure set value of the overflow valve, so that the unit area stress of the tested bearing bush is consistent with that of the actual diesel engine bearing bush, and the stress working condition of the diesel engine bearing bush can be accurately simulated.
According to the test method of the bearing bush cavitation resistance test device, the miniature gas metering pump is additionally arranged in front of the lubricating oil inlet of the tested bearing bush, gas is thinned into small bubbles through the miniature gas metering pump, and the small bubbles are brought into the inner hole of the tested bearing bush by the lubricating oil, so that conditions are created for cavitation. And when the eccentric shaft rotates to the bottom area of the tested bearing bush, the connecting rod compression oil cylinder is pushed to generate load, at the moment, the oil film pressure on the surface of the tested bearing bush is increased, the oil film thickness is reduced, the bubbles in the lubricating oil are extruded and exploded under the action of high pressure, the impact is generated on the surface of the tested bearing bush, and the cavitation phenomenon in a diesel engine is simulated. After the test is finished, the shape change of the tested bearing bush after cavitation can be macroscopically observed through photographing, and the mass loss rate of the tested bearing bush in unit area can be obtained through comparing the difference value of the tested weight and the initial weight of the tested bearing bush and combining the size of the tested bearing bush.
In the cavitation resistance test device for the bearing bush in the embodiment, in the actual working process, a motor drives a first eccentric shaft and a second eccentric shaft to rotate, the diameters of the first eccentric shaft and the second eccentric shaft are about phi 60, the radial clearance between the first eccentric shaft and the second eccentric shaft and the tested bearing bush is between 0.06 mm and 0.133mm, a first eccentric shaft section and a second eccentric shaft section of the first eccentric shaft and the second eccentric shaft drive a connecting rod assembly to move, so that a piston rod in a hydraulic cylinder of a hydraulic system moves, hydraulic oil in a lower oil cylinder of the hydraulic cylinder is compressed when the piston rod moves downwards, the pressure in the lower oil cylinder of the hydraulic cylinder is increased, and when the pressure is greater than a pressure set value of an overflow valve, the hydraulic oil is discharged through the overflow valve, and an upper oil cylinder of the hydraulic cylinder supplements oil through a pump group; when the connecting rod moves upwards, the pressure in the upper oil cylinder of the hydraulic cylinder and the hydraulic oil flow condition are the same as those of the lower cavity. The upper cylinder and the lower cylinder of the hydraulic cylinder are compressed for 1 time respectively when the first eccentric shaft and the second eccentric shaft rotate for 360 degrees, namely, 1 acting force is respectively generated on the upper half part and the lower half part of the tested bearing bush, and the pressure applied to the bearing bush can be accurately controlled by adjusting the outlet pressure of a one-way valve in the hydraulic system. Meanwhile, the lubricating oil in the lubricating oil system is pumped out of the lubricating oil tank through the pump group, filtered through the filter, detected by the flowmeter and the hydraulic gauge, and directly connected with the first oil inlet of the first lubricating oil inlet channel through the oil pipe for the oil supply of the bearing bush in the supporting bearing seat, so that the lubricating oil flows into the first annular oil groove, and for the oil supply of the tested bearing bush in the connecting rod assembly, a miniature gas metering pump is additionally arranged in front of the lubricating oil inlet of the tested bearing bush, gas is thinned into small bubbles through the miniature gas metering pump, and the small bubbles are brought into the inner hole of the tested bearing bush by the lubricating oil, so that conditions are created for cavitation. The lubricating oil with bubbles rotates along with the eccentric shaft, when the eccentric shaft rotates to the bottom area of the tested bearing bush, the oil cylinder of the connecting rod compression hydraulic system is pushed to generate load, at the moment, the oil film pressure on the surface of the tested bearing bush is increased, the oil film thickness is reduced, bubbles in the lubricating oil are extruded and exploded under the action of high pressure, impact is generated on the surface of the tested bearing bush, and the cavitation phenomenon in a diesel engine is simulated.
According to the test method of the bearing bush cavitation resistance test device, the cavitation occurrence condition of a diesel engine is simulated through the test machine, the cavitation phenomenon is generated on the bearing bush, the morphology change image and the quality loss rate after cavitation are obtained, the cavitation condition of the bearing bush test piece can be comprehensively evaluated through the morphology observation condition and the quality loss rate, so that the cavitation resistance of the bearing bush material and the rationality of the bearing bush structure are judged, and the test method has the advantages of accurate test result, high reliability, high contrast and the like.
The above embodiments are merely preferred embodiments for fully explaining the present invention, and the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Equivalent substitutions and modifications will occur to those skilled in the art based on the present invention, and are intended to be within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. The cavitation resistance test device of the bearing bush is characterized by comprising a supporting bearing seat (1), a connecting rod assembly (2), an eccentric shaft (3), a hydraulic system (4), an lubricating oil system (5), a core platform (6) and a bench (7);
the support bearing seat (1) is matched with the eccentric shaft (3);
the connecting rod big end (201) of the connecting rod assembly (2) is connected with the eccentric shaft (3), the connecting rod small end (202) is connected with a piston rod (401) in the hydraulic system (4) through a fork-shaped piece (9), and a bearing bush (10) for being tested is arranged between the connecting rod big end (201) and the eccentric shaft (3);
the support bearing seat (1) and the connecting rod big head (201) are also connected with an oil system (5), and oil is supplied to bearing bushes in the support bearing seat (1) and the connecting rod big head (201) and bearing bushes to be tested through the oil system (5);
one end of the eccentric shaft (3) is connected with a motor (12) through a coupler (11), the motor (12) drives the eccentric shaft (3) to rotate, the eccentric shaft (3) drives a connecting rod assembly (2) to move, and the connecting rod assembly (2) drives a piston rod (401) in a hydraulic system (4) to move, so that cavitation is generated on the surface of a tested bearing bush;
the supporting bearing seat (1) and a hydraulic cylinder (402) of the hydraulic system (4) are fixed on the core platform (6);
the core platform (6) and the motor (12) are fixed on the bench (7);
the support bearing seat (1) is provided with a support bearing bush mounting hole (101), a first annular oil groove (102) is formed in the inner wall of the support bearing bush mounting hole (101) along the circumferential direction, and the support bearing bush mounting hole (101) is matched with the eccentric shaft (3) through a support bearing bush (8);
a first lubricating oil inlet duct (103) is further arranged in the support bearing seat (1), a first oil inlet (104) of the first lubricating oil inlet duct is connected with the lubricating oil system (5), an oil outlet is communicated with the first annular oil groove (102), lubricating oil in the lubricating oil system (5) flows into the first lubricating oil inlet duct (103) from the first oil inlet (104) and then flows into the first annular oil groove (102), and an oil film is formed on the surface of the support bearing bush (8);
a tested bearing bush mounting hole (203) is formed in a connecting rod big end (201) of the connecting rod assembly (2), a second annular oil groove (204) is formed in the inner wall of the tested bearing bush mounting hole (203) along the circumferential direction, and the tested bearing bush mounting hole (203) is matched with the eccentric shaft (3) through a tested bearing bush (10);
a second lubricating oil inlet channel (205) is further arranged in the connecting rod big head (201), a second oil inlet (206) of the connecting rod big head is connected with the lubricating oil system (5), an oil outlet is communicated with the second annular oil groove (204), lubricating oil in the lubricating oil system (5) flows into the second lubricating oil inlet channel (205) from the second oil inlet (206) and then flows into the second annular oil groove (204), and an oil film is formed on the surface of the tested bearing bush (10);
the connecting rod small head (202) is provided with a mounting hole (207), the mounting hole (207) is assembled with the fork-shaped piece (9) through a connecting pin (901), and a bushing is further arranged between the mounting hole (207) and the connecting pin (901);
the lubricating oil system (5) comprises a lubricating oil tank (501), a second pump group (502), a filter (503), a one-way valve (504) and a flowmeter (505) which are connected in sequence through oil pipes;
the flowmeter (505) is connected with a plurality of regulating valves (506) through oil pipes, the regulating valves (506) are connected in parallel, and the regulating valves (506) are respectively connected with a plurality of pressure gauges (507) through oil pipes;
one part of pressure gauge (507) is connected with a first oil inlet (104) of the first lubricating oil inlet channel (103) through an oil pipe, and the other part of pressure gauge (507) is connected with a second oil inlet (206) of the second lubricating oil inlet channel (205) through an oil pipe;
a miniature gas metering pump (508) is further arranged on an oil pipe connected with the second oil inlet (206) by the pressure gauge (507);
after the lubricating oil in the lubricating oil tank (501) sequentially flows through the second pump group (502), the filter (503), the one-way valve (504) and the flowmeter (505), the lubricating oil flows into the pressure gauges (507) through the regulating valves (506), the lubricating oil flowing through a part of the pressure gauges (507) directly flows into the first oil inlet (104), then flows into the first annular oil groove (102) through the first lubricating oil inlet channel (103), an oil film is formed on the surface of the supporting bearing bush (8), the lubricating oil flowing through the other part of the pressure gauges (507) flows into the micro gas metering pump (508), bubbles are formed in the lubricating oil through the micro gas metering pump (508) and then flow into the second oil inlet (206), then flows into the second annular oil groove (204) through the second lubricating oil inlet channel (205), an oil film is formed on the surface of the tested bearing bush (10), the bubbles promote cavitation phenomenon on the surface of the tested bearing bush (10), the lubricating oil overflows into the box body (14) through the gap between the supporting bearing bush (8) and the tested bearing bush (10) and the eccentric shaft (3), and then flows back into the box body (14) from the lubricating oil tank (501).
2. The bearing bush cavitation performance test device according to claim 1, wherein the eccentric shaft (3) comprises a first eccentric shaft (301) and a second eccentric shaft (302), which are connected through an intermediate transmission shaft (13), and one end of the first eccentric shaft (301) is connected with the motor (12) through a coupling (11), so that the first eccentric shaft (301) and the second eccentric shaft (302) realize synchronous rotation.
3. The bearing cavitation performance test apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the first eccentric shaft (301) includes a connecting shaft section (303), a first supporting shaft section (304), a first eccentric shaft section (305), a second supporting shaft section (306) and a first intermediate connecting shaft section (307) which are connected in sequence, and the second eccentric shaft (302) includes a second intermediate connecting shaft section (308), a third supporting shaft section (309), a second eccentric shaft section (310), a fourth supporting shaft section (311) and a thrust shaft section (312) which are connected in sequence;
the connecting shaft section (303) is connected with the motor (12) through the coupler (11), the first supporting shaft section (304), the second supporting shaft section (306), the third supporting shaft section (309) and the fourth supporting shaft section (311) are respectively matched with the four supporting bearing seats (1) through four supporting bearing bushes (8), the first eccentric shaft section (305) and the second eccentric shaft section (310) are respectively matched with the connecting rod big head (201) of the connecting rod assembly (2) through two tested bearing bushes (10), and the first middle connecting shaft section (307) and the second middle connecting shaft section (308) are connected together through the middle transmission shaft (13).
4. A bearing cavitation performance test apparatus according to claim 3, characterised in that the hydraulic system (4) comprises two hydraulic cylinders (402), wherein the piston rod (401) in one hydraulic cylinder (402) is connected to the small connecting rod head (202) of one connecting rod assembly (2) by means of one fork (9), and the piston rod (401) in the other hydraulic cylinder (402) is connected to the small connecting rod head (202) of the other connecting rod assembly (2) by means of the other fork (9);
one end of an upper oil cylinder and one end of a lower oil cylinder of the hydraulic cylinder (402) are sequentially connected with a first one-way valve (403), a first pump group (404) and a hydraulic oil tank (405) through oil pipes respectively, and the other end of the upper oil cylinder and the other end of the lower oil cylinder are sequentially connected with an overflow valve (406) and the hydraulic oil tank (405) through oil pipes respectively, so that the circulating flow of oil is realized.
5. The bearing bush cavitation resistance test device according to claim 1, wherein the core platform (6) is provided with a through hole along the axial direction, the fork-shaped piece (9) is clamped at the upper end of the through hole, and a piston rod (401) in the hydraulic system (4) passes through the through hole from bottom to top and is connected with the fork-shaped piece (9);
the fork-shaped piece (9) is of a U-shaped structure, a small connecting rod end (202) of the connecting rod assembly (2) is clamped between two side walls of the fork-shaped piece (9), assembly holes are formed in the two side walls, the two assembly holes are assembled and fixed with the mounting holes (207) through connecting pins (901), and a through hole (902) is formed in the bottom of the fork-shaped piece (9) and used for fixing a piston rod (401);
the bottom of box body (14) is equipped with two irregular through-holes, and the hole edge of two irregular through-holes respectively with the peripheral sealed cooperation of two core platforms (6), support bearing frame (1), connecting rod subassembly (2) and eccentric shaft (3) all establish in box body (14), make support bearing bush (8), bearing bush (10) being tested and the lubricating oil flow that flows out between eccentric shaft (3) in box body (14), in the oil tank (501) is flowed back to oil outlet (1401) of rethread box body (14) bottom.
6. The bearing bush cavitation resistance test device according to claim 1, wherein an oil groove structure (1001) is formed on the inner side wall of the bearing bush (10) to be tested in a circumferential direction, and an oil inlet hole (1002) is further formed in the oil groove structure (1001) so as to promote cavitation.
7. A test method of a bearing cavitation resistance test apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 6, comprising the steps of:
1) Cleaning greasy dirt and sundries on the surface of the tested bearing bush, drying and weighing;
2) Installing the tested bearing bush into the large end of the connecting rod of the connecting assembly, and adjusting the gap between the tested bearing bush and the shaft diameter of the eccentric shaft to ensure that the gap is between 0.06 and 0.133mm, so that manual jigger is smooth;
3) Starting an oil system and a hydraulic system, setting oil pressure, and setting a pressure value of an overflow valve in the hydraulic system; opening a miniature gas metering pump, starting to flush refined gas into an oil pipe of an lubricating oil system, increasing the amount of microbubbles in lubricating oil supply, and creating conditions for cavitation;
4) Starting a motor, and setting the rotating speed of the motor to be the same as that of a diesel engine;
5) And after the test is finished, sequentially closing the motor, the hydraulic system and the lubricating oil system, taking out the tested bearing bush, cleaning, drying and weighing.
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