CN113958442A - 与风电场配套的抽水蓄能系统 - Google Patents

与风电场配套的抽水蓄能系统 Download PDF

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CN113958442A
CN113958442A CN202111246794.6A CN202111246794A CN113958442A CN 113958442 A CN113958442 A CN 113958442A CN 202111246794 A CN202111246794 A CN 202111246794A CN 113958442 A CN113958442 A CN 113958442A
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wind
reservoir
water
storage tank
pumped
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刘海波
陈昕
喻飞
张鹏
曹龙
张旭
陈冲
刘凯
甘乐
金乾
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Changjiang Institute of Survey Planning Design and Research Co Ltd
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03B—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS
    • F03B13/00—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates
    • F03B13/06—Stations or aggregates of water-storage type, e.g. comprising a turbine and a pump
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03B—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS
    • F03B11/00—Parts or details not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the preceding groups, e.g. wear-protection couplings, between turbine and generator
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D80/00—Details, components or accessories not provided for in groups F03D1/00 - F03D17/00
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D9/00—Adaptations of wind motors for special use; Combinations of wind motors with apparatus driven thereby; Wind motors specially adapted for installation in particular locations
    • F03D9/008—Adaptations of wind motors for special use; Combinations of wind motors with apparatus driven thereby; Wind motors specially adapted for installation in particular locations the wind motor being combined with water energy converters, e.g. a water turbine
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D9/00—Adaptations of wind motors for special use; Combinations of wind motors with apparatus driven thereby; Wind motors specially adapted for installation in particular locations
    • F03D9/20—Wind motors characterised by the driven apparatus
    • F03D9/25—Wind motors characterised by the driven apparatus the apparatus being an electrical generator
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D9/00—Adaptations of wind motors for special use; Combinations of wind motors with apparatus driven thereby; Wind motors specially adapted for installation in particular locations
    • F03D9/20—Wind motors characterised by the driven apparatus
    • F03D9/25—Wind motors characterised by the driven apparatus the apparatus being an electrical generator
    • F03D9/255—Wind motors characterised by the driven apparatus the apparatus being an electrical generator connected to electrical distribution networks; Arrangements therefor
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J15/00—Systems for storing electric energy
    • H02J15/003—Systems for storing electric energy in the form of hydraulic energy
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/20—Hydro energy
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    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/16—Mechanical energy storage, e.g. flywheels or pressurised fluids
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    • Y02E70/30—Systems combining energy storage with energy generation of non-fossil origin
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种与风电场配套的抽水蓄能系统，该抽水蓄能系统，包括多台风力发电机组，至少有一台风力发电机组内部设有储水罐和与储水罐连通的蓄水池；储水罐和蓄水池共同构成了微抽蓄上水库，微抽蓄上水库通过输水管与山下微抽蓄下水库相连；微抽蓄发电电动机组与风力发电机组通过集电线路与升压站相连。采用山上风机塔筒内设置储水罐及风机基础内设置蓄水池，作为为上水库，山下天然河流或水池为下水库的布置型式，充分利用水流高差实现抽水蓄能的发电和储能，不仅实现了可再生能源的就地储能服务，而且综合开发成本较低、对水源和地形的要求低，适用于风力资源丰富但需要储能电站辅助消纳的山区风电场。

Description

与风电场配套的抽水蓄能系统
技术领域
本发明涉及新能源发电技术领域，尤其是涉及一种与风电场配套的抽水蓄能系统。
背景技术
风电等可再生能源发电系统的运行特点是发电量的随机波动特性，这种随机波动既是气候条件等各种外部条件影响的结果，也是电力系统供需关系不稳定的结果。对于电力决策部门而言，一方面，风电的波动特性会对电力系统的安全稳定运行产生负面影响；另一方面，当遇到电力过剩时，风电往往是电力决策部门首先被弃电的对象，从而造成了风电和项目开发企业的收益损失。若想彻底解决可再生能源随机波动给电力系统带来的负面影响，保障可再生能源开发企业的经济利益，就必须选定合适的储能技术与可再生能源发电系统相集成。
截至2020年9月底，我国可再生能源发电装机达到8.37亿千瓦，同比增长9.6％；其中，风电装机2.23亿千瓦。2020年前三季度，全国弃风电量约116亿千瓦时，平均弃风率3.4％，其中新疆为14％，蒙西为9％，甘肃为7.6％。可见，近年来通过加大电网的建设和远距离超高压直流输电等技术，我国风电行业的弃电情况有所缓解，但在部分省份的弃电量仍处于高位。
抽水蓄能电站有着投资成本低，寿命长，规模大、集中式能量储存的优点，是迄今为止部署最多的储能方式，在储能市场占据绝对优势位置。截止2019年底，中国已投运储能项目累计规模32.3GW，其中抽水蓄能电站共计32座，装机容量合计3029万千瓦，占比93.70％。
发明内容
为解决以上问题，本发明提供一种与风电场配套的抽水蓄能系统，利用水流高差实现抽水蓄能的发电和储能。
本发明采用的技术方案是：一种与风电场配套的抽水蓄能系统，包括多台风力发电机组，其特征在于：至少有一台所述风力发电机组内部设有储水罐和与储水罐连通的蓄水池，所述储水罐设置在风力发电机塔筒内部，所述蓄水池设置在风力发电机基础内部；所述储水罐和蓄水池共同构成了微抽蓄上水库，所述微抽蓄上水库通过输水管与山下微抽蓄下水库相连；微抽蓄发电电动机组与风力发电机组通过集电线路与升压站相连。
作为优选，所述储水罐与风力发电机塔筒内壁焊接固定。
作为优选，所述储水罐的一侧设有用于风机机舱维护的升降梯以及电缆通道。
作为优选，所述蓄水池两侧浇灌混凝土用以固定。
作为优选，所述微抽蓄发电电动机组与风力发电机组通过35kV 集电线路与升压站相连。
作为优选，所述微抽蓄发电电动机组设置在地下发电厂房中，包括两台并联设置的可变速机组，一台作为发电机，一台作为电动机。
进一步的，所述发电机采用双馈型异步发电机，所述电动机采用可调速异步电动机。
更进一步的，所述发电机的转子接线端连接到一组背靠背式变流器，定子接线端经机组变压器与电网相连。
更进一步的，所述电动机的转子接线端连接到另一组背靠背式变流器，定子接线端与发电机定子接线端共用一台机组变压器与电网相连。
本发明取得的有益效果是：采用山上风机塔筒内设置储水罐及风机基础内设置蓄水池，作为为上水库，山下天然河流或水池为下水库的布置型式，充分利用水流高差实现抽水蓄能的发电和储能，不仅实现了可再生能源的就地储能服务，而且综合开发成本较低、对水源和地形的要求低，适用于风力资源丰富但需要储能电站辅助消纳的山区风电场。本发明可根据风电场的总装机容量及所需配套建设储能单元规模的要求，灵活地选择若干建造条件较好的风机机位建造成微抽蓄风机型式。
附图说明
图1为本发明的结构示意图；
图2为本发明的一种实施例的结构示意图；
图3为风机塔筒的剖面图；
图4为本发明的电气接线示意图；
附图标记：01、风电断路器；02、风电箱变；03、风电高压断路器；1、风机(风力发电机组)；11、风力发电机塔筒；2、上水库； 21、储水罐；211、储水区域；212、升降梯以及电缆通道区域；3、下水库；4、地下发电厂房；41、水轮机；42、发电机；43、电动机； 44、断路器；45、微抽蓄三圈箱变；46、微抽蓄高压断路器；47、背靠背式变流器；5、集电线路；6、升压站；7、电网。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和具体实施例对本发明作更进一步的说明。
如图1-4所示，本发明的一种与风电场配套的抽水蓄能系统，包括多台风力发电机组1，至少有一台风力发电机组1内部设有储水罐 21和与储水罐21连通的蓄水池，储水罐21设置在风力发电机塔筒11内部，蓄水池设置在风力发电机基础内部；储水罐21和蓄水池共同构成了微抽蓄上水库2，微抽蓄上水库2通过输水管与山下微抽蓄下水库3相连；微抽蓄发电电动机组与风力发电机组1通过集电线路 5与升压站6相连。本发明通过在山上风机塔筒内设置储水罐及风机基础内设置蓄水池，作为为上水库2；利用山下天然河流或水池为下水库3，充分利用水流高差实现抽水蓄能的发电和储能，不仅实现了可再生能源的就地储能服务，而且综合开发成本较低、对水源和地形的要求低，适用于风力资源丰富但需要储能电站辅助消纳的山区风电场。
结合图2所示，根据风电场的总装机容量及所需配套建设储能单元规模的要求，灵活地选择若干建造条件较好的风机机位建造成微抽蓄风机型式。
本发明中，上水库2由两部分组成，其一为风机塔筒在其内部预装不规则尺寸的钢制储水罐21，风机塔筒与钢制储水罐21的固定采用焊接连接，储水罐的一侧预留出风机机舱维护的升降梯以及电缆通道，以便后期风机运维人员进出位于塔筒顶部的机舱以及塔筒顶部发电机与箱变之间高低压电缆的布置；其二为风机基础内部挖掘出一个梯形的蓄水池，该蓄水池与储水罐21连通，在梯形蓄水池左右两侧浇灌混凝土用以固定。山上风机塔筒内部储水罐21与风机基础内部蓄水池共同构成了微抽蓄的上水库2，水流通过输水管与山下微抽蓄下水库3相连。
本发明中，下水库对于水量的要求较低，针对不同的拟建设区域，其水量来源可以有以下两种情况：第一种为利用当地已建水库或天然湖泊、池塘为下水库；第二种为当下水库没有天然水源或水量不足时，需要先挖掘下水库，再引进附近的水源一次充满，并动态补充蒸发水量和渗漏水量。对于缺乏大量水源的山区，由于微抽蓄系统为配套风电场而建设，其储能容量和建造规模并不大，因此无论采用上述两种方法中的哪一种，所需的引水量和挖掘水库的工程量远远低于常规抽水蓄能电站。
结合图4所示，本实施例中，微抽蓄发电电动机组与风力发电机组1通过35kV集电线路与升压站相连。
微抽蓄发电电动机组设置在地下发电厂房4中，包括两台并联设置的可变速机组，一台作为发电机42，一台作为电动机43(水泵)。微抽蓄发电电动机组采用发电和水泵工况的两机式方案，同时在地下厂房4中设置两套输水管，两机式方案具有快速启停和快速切换的特点，比常规抽蓄机组一机式方案更适合于平抑风电场出力短时波动的要求。机组选型方面，为了在较高的水头变幅情况下的抽水蓄能机组的高效运行，同时改善抽水蓄能电站在为风电提供辅助服务时的动态响应，微抽蓄采用可变速机组；相比于固定速抽蓄机组，可变速抽蓄机组在快速平抑风电出力方面的优势对于在电网中消纳不稳定的风电非常重要。
微抽蓄机组(微抽蓄发电电动机组)在低压侧采用单元接线，发电机和电动机经断路器和三圈机组变压器相连，同时利用35kV输电线路供电给背靠背式变流器供电进行微抽蓄机组的励磁控制，然后，微抽蓄的两机式机组再与风力发电机组通过35kV集电线路与升压站相连。上述两机式方案的启停和切换的速度比常规抽蓄电站的单机式方案更迅速，更适合于平抑风电场的短时出力波动。
抽水蓄能可变速发电机采用双馈型异步发电机，双馈发电机组的转子接线端连接到一组背靠背式变流器，变流器采用功率半导体技术控制，双馈机组的定子经机组变压器与电网相连，设计发电工况的功率解耦控制，实现有功功率和无功功率精确调控；同样的，抽水蓄能可变速电动机采用可调速异步电动机，针对水泵工况，设计变速驱动单位采用直接转矩控制技术，从而实现直接控制电机的机械扭矩。上述设计方案更适合于风电场联合运行，首先，可变速机组可有效解决负荷突变所引发的无功功率过剩等系统安全运行隐患，满足电网快速准确进行电网频率调节的要求；其次，使用了可调转速发电电动机组以后可以有效地延伸水轮机和水泵的工作范围，扩大最优效率区域，同时可改善偏离高效率区的水流条件，减轻水力机械振动。
以上显示和描述了本发明的基本原理和主要结构特征。本发明不受上述实例的限制，在不脱离本发明精神和范围的前提下，本发明还会有各种变化和改进，这些变化和改进都落入要求保护的本发明的范围内。本发明要求保护范围由所附的权利要求书及其等效物界定。

Claims (9)

1.一种与风电场配套的抽水蓄能系统，包括多台风力发电机组，其特征在于：至少有一台所述风力发电机组内部设有储水罐和与储水罐连通的蓄水池，所述储水罐设置在风力发电机塔筒内部，所述蓄水池设置在风力发电机基础内部；所述储水罐和蓄水池共同构成了微抽蓄上水库，所述微抽蓄上水库通过输水管与山下微抽蓄下水库相连；微抽蓄发电电动机组与风力发电机组通过集电线路与升压站相连。
2.根据权利要求1所述的与风电场配套的抽水蓄能系统，其特征在于：所述储水罐与风力发电机塔筒内壁焊接固定。
3.根据权利要求1所述的与风电场配套的抽水蓄能系统，其特征在于：所述储水罐的一侧设有用于风机机舱维护的升降梯以及电缆通道。
4.根据权利要求1所述的与风电场配套的抽水蓄能系统，其特征在于：所述蓄水池两侧浇灌混凝土用以固定。
5.根据权利要求1所述的与风电场配套的抽水蓄能系统，其特征在于：所述微抽蓄发电电动机组与风力发电机组通过35kV集电线路与升压站相连。
6.根据权利要求1所述的与风电场配套的抽水蓄能系统，其特征在于：所述微抽蓄发电电动机组设置在地下发电厂房中，包括两台并联设置的可变速机组，一台作为发电机，一台作为电动机。
7.根据权利要求6所述的与风电场配套的抽水蓄能系统，其特征在于：所述发电机采用双馈型异步发电机，所述电动机采用可调速异步电动机。
8.根据权利要求7所述的与风电场配套的抽水蓄能系统，其特征在于：所述发电机的转子接线端连接到一组背靠背式变流器，定子接线端经机组变压器与电网相连。
9.根据权利要求8所述的与风电场配套的抽水蓄能系统，其特征在于：所述电动机的转子接线端连接到另一组背靠背式变流器，定子接线端与发电机定子接线端共用一台机组变压器与电网相连。
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