CN113957353A - High-manganese high-toughness steel applicable at 4.2K temperature and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
High-manganese high-toughness steel applicable at 4.2K temperature and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses high manganese type high-toughness steel applicable at a temperature of 4.2K and a preparation method thereof, and belongs to the technical field of steel materials. The high-toughness steel comprises the following chemical components in percentage by weight: c: 0.40-0.68%, Si: 0.18 to 0.54%, Mn: 17.8-24.6%, Al: 0-5.1%, Cr: 0 to 5.4%, 0 to 0.52% of Cu, V: 0 to 0.27%, Nb: 0-0.24%, P is less than or equal to 0.030%, S is less than or equal to 0.020%, and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurities; the preparation method comprises the following steps: after the ingot casting is processed by smelting, casting and homogenizing, the high manganese type high toughness steel is prepared by rolling, cooling and heat treatment. Compared with the traditional austenitic stainless steel in the field of extremely low temperature, the steel has excellent extremely low temperature impact toughness, adopts cheap Mn element to stabilize austenite, replaces noble metals such as Ni, Cr, Mo and the like, obtains a single-phase austenite structure, greatly reduces the alloy cost, and has wide application prospect in the fields of superconducting magnets of nuclear fusion reactors, liquid hydrogen/liquid oxygen rocket engine low-temperature propellant storage and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of steel materials, and particularly relates to high-manganese high-toughness steel applicable at a temperature of 4.2K and a preparation method thereof.
Background
With the development of aerospace industry in China, the development and development of a heavy carrier rocket power system become a necessary choice for developing manned lunar landing and large-scale space detection and application in China, and urgent needs are brought to the research and development of a high-thrust liquid hydrogen/liquid oxygen rocket engine; on the other hand, when the aircraft is performing long-distance flight missions, the liquid hydrogen/liquid oxygen low-temperature propellant is considered to be one of the most economical and efficient chemical propellants for rail entering and rail changing. However, compared with the conventional propellant, the low-temperature propellant has the characteristic of low boiling point, the boiling point of liquid hydrogen is 20.4K, the boiling point of liquid oxygen is 90K, and the low-temperature propellant needs to be stored in a material resistant to extremely low temperature; in addition, space is disturbed by a complex thermal environment, which places extremely stringent requirements on the storage materials for the cryogenic propellants.
Meanwhile, in the field of clean energy, the main fuel of controllable nuclear fusion is hydrogen isotope, can be obtained from seawater, has the characteristics of abundant reserves and high efficiency, and is expected to become an effective way for solving the problem of human energy shortage. However, a nuclear fusion device, superconducting tokamak (commonly called as "artificial sun"), generates huge current when working, and in order to reduce the adverse effect of current heating on a nuclear fusion system, a low-temperature superconducting technology becomes a necessary choice for developing controllable nuclear fusion. The central superconducting magnet of the superconducting Tokamak device needs to be placed in a 4.2K environment to realize superconducting characteristics, the extreme service environment and the safety of a nuclear fusion device put almost harsh requirements on a structural material wrapping the superconducting magnet, and the superconducting Tokamak device needs to have excellent performances such as no magnetism and high toughness.
For a long time, 304 type and 316L type stainless steel, JK2LB, titanium-based alloy, aluminum-based alloy and the like are generally used as structural materials applied to the extreme temperature (4.2K), but the materials need to add a large amount of noble metals such as Ni, Cr and the like to obtain stable ultralow temperature performance, so the cost is high; meanwhile, the material has high sensitivity to welding hot cracks and is easy to separate out brittle sigma phase. Therefore, development of novel low-temperature steel used in the extremely low-temperature field is urgently needed, a key preparation technology of the novel low-temperature steel is mastered, key raw materials and process support are provided for storage of aerospace low-temperature propellants, nuclear fusion reactor superconducting magnets and other extremely low-temperature environments in China, and the development of aerospace and energy industry is assisted.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems of high cost and insufficient performance of the existing material for the extremely low temperature (4.2K), the invention provides a design of high-manganese high-toughness steel applied to the temperature of 4.2K and a preparation method thereof. The high manganese type high-toughness steel adopts the component design of Fe-Mn-C-Al/Cr/Cu system, and the elements of Al or Cr and Cu with certain content are added to adjust the stacking fault energy of the steel, thereby enhancing the stability of austenite and improving the impact toughness at extremely low temperature. Meanwhile, the equiaxial single-phase austenite structure with uniform structure is obtained by combining the controlled cooling and controlled rolling process and the subsequent heat treatment process, and the requirement on high toughness of the structural material in the extremely low temperature environment is met.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a high manganese type high-toughness steel suitable for a temperature of 4.2K comprises the following chemical components in percentage by weight: 0.40-0.68% of C, 0.18-0.54% of Si, 17.8-24.6% of Mn, 0-5.1% of Al, 0-5.4% of Cr, 0-0.52% of Cu, 0-0.27% of V, 0-0.24% of Nb, less than or equal to 0.030% of P, less than or equal to 0.020% of S, and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurities.
The high-manganese high-toughness steel is 11-35 mm in thickness, the structure is 100% of austenite grains, specifically equiaxed austenite grains, and the Charpy V-notch impact absorption power at the temperature of 4.2K is 135.5-206.5J.
The preparation method of the high manganese type high-toughness steel applicable at the temperature of 4.2K comprises the following specific steps:
step 1, casting:
smelting according to the component proportion of the high manganese type high-toughness steel suitable for the temperature of 4.2K, and pouring the obtained molten steel into an iron/copper mold to obtain a square thin cast ingot;
step 2, heating:
re-heating the square thin ingot to perform homogenization treatment;
step 3, rolling:
controlling rolling of the heated thin ingot, wherein the initial rolling temperature is 1000-1150 ℃, and the final rolling temperature is 820-1050 ℃ to obtain a hot rolled steel;
step 4, heat treatment:
cooling the hot rolled steel to room temperature, and then carrying out high-temperature heat treatment to obtain heat-treated steel;
and 5, cooling:
and putting the heat-treated steel in a water tank for quenching, and cooling to room temperature to obtain the high-manganese high-toughness steel applicable to the temperature of 4.2K.
In the step 1, a vacuum induction furnace is adopted for smelting, and the smelting temperature is 1650 ℃.
In the step 1, the thickness of the square thin ingot is 45-75 mm.
In the step 2, the heating temperature is 1100-1200 ℃, and the homogenization heat preservation time is 2-3 h.
In the step 3, the rolling total reduction rate is 52-82%.
In the step 3, the thickness of the hot rolled steel is 11-35 mm.
In the step 4, the cooling starting temperature of the steel after hot rolling is 820-980 ℃.
In the step 4, the cooling speed of the steel after hot rolling is 19-40 ℃/s.
In the step 4, high-temperature heat treatment is carried out in a resistance furnace, wherein the heat treatment temperature is 1000-1200 ℃, and the heat treatment time is 30-120 min.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the high-manganese high-toughness steel prepared by the method has excellent ultralow-temperature toughness, and the impact energy of a Charpy V-notch impact test sample can reach 123.9-206.5J;
2. compared with the traditional austenitic stainless steel applied to the temperature of 4.2K, the Fe-Mn-C-Si composition design is adopted, and the cheap Mn element is adopted to stabilize the austenite, so that the addition of noble metals such as Ni, Mo and Cr is avoided, and the alloy cost is greatly reduced;
3. the preparation method has wide process window and low requirement on the control precision of equipment, can meet the production conditions of different steel mills, and can achieve excellent ultralow-temperature toughness through simple hot rolling, heat treatment and quenching.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is an optical microstructure of high manganese type high toughness steel applied at 4.2K temperature prepared in example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is an optical microstructure of high manganese type high toughness steel applied at 4.2K temperature prepared in example 2 of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is an optical microstructure of high manganese high toughness steel applied at 4.2K temperature prepared in example 3 of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is an optical microstructure of the high manganese type high toughness steel of the present invention prepared in example 5 applied at a temperature of 4.2K.
Detailed Description
In the following examples, the melting was carried out in a vacuum induction furnace and the rolling was carried out on a 450mm two-roll reversible hot rolling experimental mill.
Examples 1 to 8
The high manganese type high toughness steel suitable for the temperature of 4.2K of the embodiment comprises the following chemical components by weight percent: c: 0.40-0.68%, Si: 0.18 to 0.54%, Mn: 17.8-24.6%, Al: 0-5.1%, Cr: 0 to 5.4%, 0 to 0.52% of Cu, V: 0 to 0.27%, Nb: 0-0.24%, P: less than or equal to 0.030 percent, S: less than or equal to 0.016 percent, and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurities. Specific chemical compositions are shown in table 1.
The preparation method of the high manganese type high-toughness steel applicable at the temperature of 4.2K comprises the following steps:
step 1, casting:
smelting at 1650 ℃ according to the component proportion of the high manganese type high-toughness steel applicable at the temperature of 4.2K, and pouring the obtained molten steel into an iron mold to obtain a square thin cast ingot with the thickness of 50-74 mm;
step 2, heating:
re-heating the square thin ingot to 1200 ℃, and preserving heat for 2 h;
step 3, rolling:
carrying out controlled rolling on the heated thin ingot in a complete recrystallization zone, wherein the process data such as the initial rolling temperature, the final rolling temperature, the total reduction and the like are shown in table 2, so as to obtain hot rolled steel, wherein the thickness of the hot rolled steel is 11-25 mm, and the specific thickness is shown in table 3;
and 4, cooling:
the hot rolled steel is cooled by water at room temperature, the starting cooling temperature, the cooling speed, the final cooling temperature and the heat treatment process data are shown in table 2, the high manganese type high-toughness steel applicable to the temperature of 4.2K is obtained, and the mechanical property data are shown in table 4. Wherein, an optical microstructure of the high manganese type high toughness steel applied to the temperature of 4.2K prepared in example 1 is shown in fig. 1, an optical microstructure of the high manganese type high toughness steel applied to the temperature of 4.2K prepared in example 2 is shown in fig. 2, an optical microstructure of the high manganese type high toughness steel applied to the temperature of 4.2K prepared in example 3 is shown in fig. 3, and an optical microstructure of the high manganese type high toughness steel applied to the temperature of 4.2K prepared in example 5 is shown in fig. 4.
The prepared high-manganese high-toughness steel suitable for the temperature of 4.2K is used as a high-manganese medium plate for an LNG storage tank.
Comparative example 4-1
The difference from example 4 is that the high manganese steel is prepared by taking 0.35% of C in the steel chemical composition and adopting the same subsequent process, and the performance data is shown in table 4 by detection, the toughness is greatly reduced, and the combination of the optical microstructure image display and analysis shows that the austenite of the high manganese steel designed by the composition is unstable, the martensite phase transformation occurs, and the toughness is obviously reduced.
Comparative examples 4 to 2
The difference from example 4 is that 15 Mn is added to the steel chemical composition, the same subsequent process is used to produce high manganese steel, the performance data is shown in table 4 by detection, the toughness is greatly reduced, and the optical microstructure map shows and analyzes that the high manganese steel designed by the composition is unstable in austenite, and also undergoes martensite phase transformation, resulting in significant reduction in toughness.
Table 1 chemical composition by weight (%)
TABLE 2 Hot-rolled plate Hot working Process (%)
TABLE 3 thickness of finished hot rolled steel
| Examples | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | D4-1 | D4-2 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 |
| Thickness of hot rolled steel material mm | 12 | 15 | 12 | 24 | 24 | 24 | 15 | 35 | 11 | 15 |
TABLE 4 mechanical properties of high-manganese high-toughness steels
Claims (10)
1. A high manganese type high-toughness steel applicable at a temperature of 4.2K is characterized by comprising the following chemical components in percentage by weight: 0.40-0.68% of C, 0.18-0.54% of Si, 17.8-24.6% of Mn, 0-5.1% of Al, 0-5.4% of Cr, 0-0.52% of Cu, 0-0.27% of V, 0-0.24% of Nb, less than or equal to 0.030% of P, less than or equal to 0.020% of S, and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurities.
2. The high manganese type high toughness steel suitable for use at 4.2K temperature according to claim 1, wherein said high manganese type high toughness steel has a thickness of 11 to 35mm, a structure of 100% austenite grains, in particular equiaxed austenite grains, and a Charpy V-notch impact absorption energy at 4.2K temperature of 135.5 to 206.5J.
3. The method for preparing high manganese type high toughness steel suitable for use at 4.2K temperature according to claim 1, characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1, casting:
smelting according to the component proportion of the high manganese type high-toughness steel suitable for the temperature of 4.2K, and pouring the obtained molten steel into an iron/copper mold to obtain a square thin cast ingot;
step 2, heating:
re-heating the square thin ingot to perform homogenization treatment;
step 3, rolling:
controlling rolling of the heated thin ingot, wherein the initial rolling temperature is 1000-1150 ℃, and the final rolling temperature is 820-1050 ℃ to obtain a hot rolled steel;
step 4, heat treatment:
cooling the hot rolled steel to room temperature, and then carrying out high-temperature heat treatment to obtain heat-treated steel;
and 5, cooling:
and putting the heat-treated steel in a water tank for quenching, and cooling to room temperature to obtain the high-manganese high-toughness steel applicable to the temperature of 4.2K.
4. The method for preparing high manganese type high toughness steel suitable for use at 4.2K temperature according to claim 1, wherein in step 1, the thickness of the square thin ingot is 45-75 mm.
5. The method for preparing high manganese type high toughness steel suitable for use at 4.2K temperature according to claim 1, wherein in step 2, the heating temperature is 1100-1200 ℃ and the homogenization heat preservation time is 2-3 h.
6. The method for preparing high manganese type high toughness steel suitable for use at 4.2K temperature according to claim 1, wherein in step 3, the total rolling reduction is 52-82%.
7. The method for producing high manganese type high toughness steel suitable for use at 4.2K temperature according to claim 1, wherein in said step 3, the thickness of the hot rolled steel is 11 to 35 mm.
8. The method for preparing high manganese type high toughness steel suitable for use at 4.2K temperature according to claim 1, wherein the cooling start temperature of the steel after hot rolling in step 4 is 820-980 ℃.
9. The method for producing a high manganese type high toughness steel suitable for use at a temperature of 4.2K according to claim 1, wherein in said step 4, the cooling rate of the steel after hot rolling is 19 to 40 ℃/s.
10. The method for preparing high manganese type high toughness steel suitable for use at 4.2K temperature according to claim 1, wherein in step 4, high temperature heat treatment is performed in a resistance furnace, the heat treatment temperature is 1000-1200 ℃, and the heat treatment time is 30-120 min.
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| WO2013100614A1 (en) * | 2011-12-27 | 2013-07-04 | 주식회사 포스코 | Austenitic steel having superior machinability and cryogenic temperature toughness in weld heat affected zones thereof and method for manufacturing same |
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| CN108570541A (en) * | 2018-05-14 | 2018-09-25 | 东北大学 | A kind of high-temperature heat treatment method of the high manganese cut deal of LNG storage tank |
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| CN112281066A (en) * | 2020-10-29 | 2021-01-29 | 东北大学 | High-manganese medium plate for high-yield-strength LNG storage tank and preparation method thereof |
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