CN113953778B - Precision machining method for large-scale framework welding structure combined square box - Google Patents
Precision machining method for large-scale framework welding structure combined square box Download PDFInfo
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- CN113953778B CN113953778B CN202111397084.3A CN202111397084A CN113953778B CN 113953778 B CN113953778 B CN 113953778B CN 202111397084 A CN202111397084 A CN 202111397084A CN 113953778 B CN113953778 B CN 113953778B
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of manufacturing of welded structures and combined square boxes, and discloses a precision machining method for a large-scale framework welded structure combined square box, wherein the large-scale framework welded structure combined square box is formed by combining and splicing two sub-boxes, each sub-box is formed by splicing and combining a front plate, a rear plate, a top plate, a bottom plate and two side plates into a box structure, and a vertical plate is arranged in the box structure; the precision machining method comprises the following steps: controlling the material state of parts, controlling the size allowance of the parts before welding the sub-box body, coordinating the machining standard after welding the sub-box body, machining the sub-box body and assembling two sub-box bodies. According to the precision machining method for the large-scale framework welding structure combined square box, provided by the invention, through analyzing the product structure and the forming mode, corresponding measures are provided from the aspects of reference design, allowance coordination, process flow and the like, the problems of high allowance coordination difficulty and difficulty in controlling the product precision are solved, and the product quality is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of manufacturing of welding structures and combined square boxes, in particular to a precision machining method for a combined square box of a large-scale framework welding structure.
Background
The combined square box based on the framework welding structure is an important part of a model product, mainly provides an installation structure of an optical instrument and a single machine, has stable functions and precision during working, and has the functions of positioning, installing and bearing various loads and the like with other platforms. Due to the large overall dimension and the complex internal structure of the square box, a combined forming mode of welding, machining and assembling is generally adopted. The product has high requirements on form and position tolerance and assembly precision, and due to factors such as product welding deformation, processing scheme design, allowance design of parts, coordination of welded benchmarks, equipment selection and the like, the form and position tolerance of the product is difficult to control, and the assembly of the two box bodies has the problem of incompatibility.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a precision machining method for a combined square box of a large-scale framework welding structure, which solves the technical problems that in the prior art, the coordination difficulty of parts is high, the dimensional precision is difficult to guarantee, and the product cannot meet the assembly and use requirements.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides a precision machining method for a large-scale framework welding structure combined square box, wherein the large-scale framework welding structure combined square box is formed by combining and splicing two sub-box bodies, each sub-box body is formed by splicing and combining a front plate, a rear plate, a top plate, a bottom plate and two side plates into a box body structure, and a vertical plate is arranged in the box body structure;
the precision machining method comprises the following steps:
controlling the state of the part materials, wherein the blank thickness allowance of the bottom plate, the top plate and the two side plates is more than or equal to 5mm, the blank thickness allowance of the vertical plate is more than or equal to 3mm, the blank states of the bottom plate, the top plate and the two side plates are in an annealing state or annealing treatment is carried out after rough machining, the peripheries of the blanks of the bottom plate, the top plate and the two side plates are cut by water, and the allowance is more than or equal to 15 mm;
controlling the size allowance of the parts before the sub-box body is welded:
2mm allowance is reserved on the peripheral mounting surface, the bottom surface and the butt joint surface of the bottom plate, 2mm allowance is reserved on the boss mounting surfaces on the outer sides of the two side plates, 2mm allowance is reserved on the boss mounting surface of the top plate, and 2mm allowance is reserved on the outer side surfaces of the front plate and the rear plate;
the mounting surface of the boss of the vertical plate is reserved with 2mm allowance, the single side of the mounting hole with the diameter of more than or equal to phi 20mm, which is formed on the vertical plate, is reserved with 2mm allowance, and the mounting hole with the diameter of less than phi 20mm is not processed;
the positioning size of a vertical plate mounting groove arranged in the box body structure is controlled according to +/-0.1 mm, and the fit clearance between the vertical plate mounting groove and the vertical plate is controlled according to (+0.05, + 0.15);
the positioning sizes of 4 groups of process holes coaxially arranged on the vertical plate, the front plate and the rear plate are controlled according to +/-0.02 mm, the aperture tolerance zone is controlled according to 0.05mm, the hole site tolerance is controlled according to +/-0.02 mm, and the two groups of process holes at opposite angles are used for laser welding positioning;
coordinating the machining standard after the sub-box body is welded:
inserting a mandrel into a group of process holes according to a fit clearance of 0.05-0.15 mm, and keeping the length of more than or equal to 100mm at two ends of the mandrel for alignment;
processing by adopting a large vertical-horizontal conversion processing center or a five-axis processing center;
positioning the top surface of the sub-box body, using symmetrical four-point support to align the centers of two horizontal process holes on the vertical plate, the front plate or the rear plate, and adjusting the bottom support to ensure that the centers of the four process holes are positioned on a horizontal plane;
aligning the outer circle side surfaces of two ends of the mandrel, and ensuring the sub-box to be horizontal in the length direction through a rotary workbench;
aligning the center positions of four process holes on the vertical plate, the front plate or the rear plate, determining an X-axis coordinate zero point and a Z-axis coordinate zero point, and determining a Y-axis coordinate zero point on the surface of the vertical plate;
establishing a coordinate system based on the X-axis coordinate zero point, the Y-axis coordinate zero point and the Z-axis coordinate zero point, and processing the box body outer contour by a carving tool for 0.2mm deep to determine the actual processing allowance of each surface;
processing the sub-box body:
roughly processing the bottom surface, the two side surfaces, the front end surface and the rear end surface, and controlling the remained allowance to be less than or equal to 0.5 mm;
turning over, roughly machining the top surface, and controlling the remained allowance to be less than or equal to 0.5 mm;
turning over, positioning the top surface, finely processing two side surfaces of the sub-box body, a non-butt end surface and mounting holes on the surface of the non-butt end surface, and controlling the parallelism of the two side surfaces to be less than or equal to 0.05 mm;
finely processing the bottom surface of the sub-box body and the butt joint surface of the box body, and ensuring that the flatness of the bottom surface is less than or equal to 0.03mm, the flatness of the butt joint surface is less than or equal to 0.02mm, and the verticality between the butt joint surface and the bottom surface is less than or equal to 0.04 mm;
finely machining a mounting hole in the bottom surface of the sub-box body, and finely machining a sealing groove, a positioning pin hole and a connecting hole in the butt joint surface;
re-clamping, positioning the bottom surface of the sub-box body, finely machining the top surface, and machining each cover plate mounting hole to ensure that the flatness is less than or equal to 0.03mm and the parallelism between the top surface and the bottom surface is less than or equal to 0.05 mm;
processing a boss mounting surface and a hole of the vertical plate;
assembling two sub-box assemblies:
cleaning burrs of the sub-box body and removing excess materials;
vertically butting the two sub-boxes, installing positioning pins on a butting surface, and connecting bolts at four opposite angles of the butting surface;
horizontally hoisting the two sub-boxes, placing the two sub-boxes on a platform, re-fastening the four bolts at the opposite corners, and symmetrically fastening other connecting bolts at each position;
and installing each cover plate on the top plate.
One or more technical solutions provided in the embodiments of the present application have at least the following technical effects or advantages:
according to the precision machining method for the large-scale framework welding structure combined square box, provided by the embodiment of the application, the coordination difficulty and deformation of the product are reduced and the machining quality of the product is ensured by controlling the state and allowance of the parts before welding, reasonably designing the process flow and process allowance after welding, coordinating the machining reference, controlling the process precision and the like. The invention has obvious effect and reasonable and reliable process method, and solves the technical problem of precision machining of the combined box products with the framework welding structure.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments are briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present application, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings based on these drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a large-scale framework welding structure combined square box provided by an embodiment of the invention;
fig. 2 is a left side view of the large-sized welded skeleton structure combination square box of fig. 1.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be described clearly and completely with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present application, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by a person of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments in the present application without making any creative effort belong to the protection scope of the present application.
It should be noted that all the directional indications in the embodiments of the present application are only used to explain the relative position relationship, the motion situation, and the like between the components in a certain posture, and if the certain posture is changed, the directional indication is changed accordingly.
The following disclosure provides many different embodiments, or examples, for implementing different features of the application. To simplify the disclosure of the present application, specific example components and arrangements are described below. Of course, they are merely examples and are not intended to limit the present application. Moreover, the present application may repeat reference numerals and/or letters in the various examples, which have been repeated for purposes of simplicity and clarity and do not in themselves dictate a relationship between the various embodiments and/or arrangements discussed. In addition, examples of various specific processes and materials are provided herein, but one of ordinary skill in the art may recognize the application of other processes and/or the use of other materials.
The application is described below with reference to specific embodiments in conjunction with the following drawings.
The embodiment of the application provides a precision machining method for a large-scale framework welding structure combined square box, and solves the technical problems that in the prior art, the coordination difficulty of parts is high, the size precision is difficult to guarantee, and the product cannot meet the assembly and use requirements.
For better understanding of the technical solutions, the technical solutions will be described in detail with reference to the drawings and specific embodiments of the specification, and it should be understood that the specific features in the examples and embodiments of the present invention are detailed description of the technical solutions of the present application, and are not restrictive, and the technical features in the examples and embodiments of the present application may be combined with each other without conflict.
Referring to fig. 1 and fig. 2, a method for precisely machining a large-scale framework welded structure combined square box, which is formed by combining and splicing two sub-boxes, namely a first sub-box 10 and a second sub-box 20. The first sub-box 10 is described as an example, the first sub-box 10 is formed by splicing and combining a front plate 1, a rear plate 2, a top plate 3, a bottom plate 4 and two side plates 6 into a box structure, arranging a vertical plate 5 in the box structure, and fixing the plates by laser welding.
In the precision machining of the large-scale framework welding structure combined square box, the product has large size, high requirements on form and position tolerance and difficult control of precision; the product is formed by welding a plurality of parts, the welding allowance is small, and the machining standard difficulty is high after welding; the cabin section is deformed and contracted after being welded, and the size coordination difficulty is high; the two sub-boxes are respectively processed in place and are not subjected to finish machining after assembly. The size control and coordination of a single box body and the matching size control of two sub-box bodies have high requirements.
Therefore, the present embodiment provides a precision machining method, which specifically includes: controlling the material state of parts, controlling the size allowance of the parts before welding the sub-box body, coordinating the machining standard after welding the sub-box body, machining the sub-box body and assembling two sub-box bodies.
As will be specifically explained below.
Controlling the material state of the part, wherein the blank thickness allowance of the bottom plate, the top plate and the two side plates is more than or equal to 5mm and can be set to be 5 mm; the blank thickness allowance of the vertical plate is more than or equal to 3mm and can be set to be 3 mm; and the blank states of the bottom plate, the top plate and the two side plates are annealing states or annealing treatment is carried out after rough machining, wherein the peripheries of the blanks of the bottom plate, the top plate and the two side plates are cut and blanked by water, and the balance is more than or equal to 15mm and can be generally controlled according to 15 mm.
Controlling the size allowance of the parts before the sub-box body is welded:
the bottom plate all leaves 2mm surplus in installation face all around, bottom surface, the butt joint face, 2mm surplus is left in the outside boss installation face of both sides board, 2mm surplus is left in the boss installation face of roof, the front bezel with the outside surface of back plate leaves 2mm surplus.
The mounting surface of the boss of the vertical plate is reserved with 2mm allowance, the single side of the mounting hole with the diameter of more than or equal to phi 20mm, which is formed on the vertical plate, is reserved with 2mm allowance, and the mounting hole with the diameter of less than phi 20mm is not processed;
the positioning size of a vertical plate mounting groove arranged in the box body structure is controlled according to +/-0.1 mm, and the fit clearance between the vertical plate mounting groove and the vertical plate is controlled according to (+0.05 and + 0.15).
The positioning sizes of 4 groups of process holes coaxially arranged on the vertical plate, the front plate and the rear plate are controlled according to +/-0.02 mm, the aperture tolerance zone is controlled according to 0.05mm, the hole site tolerance is controlled according to +/-0.02 mm, and the two groups of process holes at opposite angles are used for laser welding positioning.
Coordinating the machining standard after the sub-box body is welded:
according to the fit clearance of 0.05 mm-0.15 mm, a mandrel is inserted into a group of process holes, and the length of more than or equal to 100mm is reserved at the two ends of the mandrel for alignment.
And a large vertical and horizontal conversion machining center or a five-axis machining center is adopted for machining.
And the top surface of the sub-box body is positioned and supported by four symmetrical points, the centers of two horizontal process holes on the vertical plate, the front plate or the rear plate are aligned, and the bottom support is adjusted to ensure that the centers of the four process holes are positioned on the same horizontal plane.
And (4) aligning the excircle side surfaces at two ends of the mandrel, and ensuring the levelness of the sub-box body in the length direction through a rotary workbench.
And aligning the center positions of the four process holes on the vertical plate, the front plate or the rear plate, determining an X-axis coordinate zero point and a Z-axis coordinate zero point, and determining a Y-axis coordinate zero point on the surface of the vertical plate.
And establishing a coordinate system based on the X-axis coordinate zero point, the Y-axis coordinate zero point and the Z-axis coordinate zero point, and processing the box body outer contour by a carving tool for 0.2mm deep to determine the actual processing allowance of each surface.
Processing the sub-box body:
roughly processing the bottom surface, the two side surfaces, the front end surface and the rear end surface, and controlling the remained allowance to be less than or equal to 0.5 mm;
turning over, roughly processing the top surface, and controlling the remained allowance to be less than or equal to 0.5 mm.
Turning over, positioning the top surface, finely processing two side surfaces of the sub-box body, a non-butt end surface and mounting holes on the surface of the non-butt end surface, and controlling the parallelism of the two side surfaces to be less than or equal to 0.05 mm; and a phi 50 face milling cutter is adopted, the rotating speed S of a main shaft is 600rpm, and the feeding amount F is 200 mm/min.
Finely processing the bottom surface of the sub-box body and the butt joint surface of the box body, and ensuring that the flatness of the bottom surface is less than or equal to 0.03mm, the flatness of the butt joint surface is less than or equal to 0.02mm, and the verticality between the butt joint surface and the bottom surface is less than or equal to 0.04 mm; and a phi 50 face milling cutter is adopted, the rotating speed S of a main shaft is 600rpm, and the feeding amount F is 200 mm/min.
And (4) finely machining a mounting hole on the bottom surface of the sub-box body, and finely machining a sealing groove, a positioning pin hole and a connecting hole on the butt joint surface.
Re-clamping, positioning the bottom surface of the sub-box body, finely machining the top surface, and machining each cover plate mounting hole to ensure that the flatness is less than or equal to 0.03mm and the parallelism between the top surface and the bottom surface is less than or equal to 0.05 mm; and a phi 50 face milling cutter is adopted, the rotating speed S of a main shaft is 600rpm, and the feeding amount F is 200 mm/min.
And machining boss mounting surfaces and holes of the vertical plates.
Assembling two sub-box assemblies:
and (5) cleaning burrs of the subbox body and removing excess.
And vertically butting the two sub-boxes, installing positioning pins on the butting surfaces, and connecting bolts at four opposite angles of the butting surfaces.
And horizontally hoisting the two sub-boxes, placing the two sub-boxes on the platform, re-fastening the bolts at the four opposite corners, and symmetrically fastening other connecting bolts at each position.
And installing each cover plate on the top plate.
One or more technical solutions provided in the embodiments of the present application have at least the following technical effects or advantages:
according to the precision machining method for the large-scale framework welding structure combined square box, provided by the embodiment of the application, the coordination difficulty and deformation of the product are reduced and the machining quality of the product is ensured by controlling the state and allowance of the parts before welding, reasonably designing the process flow and process allowance after welding, coordinating the machining reference, controlling the process precision and the like. The invention has obvious effect and reasonable and reliable process method, and solves the technical problem of precision machining of the combined box products with the framework welding structure.
In this application, unless expressly stated or limited otherwise, the terms "connected," "secured," and the like are to be construed broadly, and for example, "secured" may be a fixed connection, a removable connection, or an integral part; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be directly connected or indirectly connected through intervening media, or they may be connected internally or in any other suitable relationship, unless expressly stated otherwise. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present application can be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art as the case may be.
In the description of the present application, it is to be understood that the terms "center," "longitudinal," "lateral," "length," "width," "thickness," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," "clockwise," "counterclockwise," and the like are used in an orientation or positional relationship indicated in the drawings for convenience in describing the present application and to simplify the description, and are not intended to indicate or imply that the device or element so referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed in a particular orientation, and be operated in a particular orientation, and thus are not to be construed as limiting the present application.
Furthermore, descriptions in this application as to "first," "second," etc. are for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or to implicitly indicate the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one such feature. In addition, technical solutions between various embodiments may be combined with each other, but must be realized by a person skilled in the art, and when the technical solutions are contradictory or cannot be realized, such a combination should not be considered to exist, and is not within the protection scope of the present application.
In the description of the present invention, unless otherwise expressly specified or limited, the first feature "on" or "under" the second feature may comprise the first and second features being in direct contact, or may comprise the first and second features being in contact, not directly, but via another feature in between. Also, the first feature "on," "above" and "over" the second feature may include the first feature being directly above and obliquely above the second feature, or simply indicating that the first feature is at a higher level than the second feature. A first feature being "under," "below," and "beneath" a second feature includes the first feature being directly under and obliquely below the second feature, or simply meaning that the first feature is at a lesser elevation than the second feature.
In the description of the present specification, reference to the description of "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "an example," "a specific example," or "some examples" or the like means that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the present application. In this specification, the schematic representations of the terms used above are not necessarily intended to refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples. Furthermore, various embodiments or examples described in this specification can be combined and combined by those skilled in the art
While the preferred embodiments of the present application have been described, additional variations and modifications in those embodiments may occur to those skilled in the art once they learn of the basic inventive concepts. Therefore, it is intended that the appended claims be interpreted as including preferred embodiments and all alterations and modifications as fall within the scope of the application.
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made in the present application without departing from the spirit and scope of the application. Thus, if such modifications and variations of the present application fall within the scope of the claims of the present application and their equivalents, the present application is intended to include such modifications and variations as well.
Claims (1)
1. The method for precisely machining the large-size framework welding structure combined square box is characterized in that the large-size framework welding structure combined square box is formed by combining and splicing two sub-box bodies, each sub-box body is formed by splicing and combining a front plate, a rear plate, a top plate, a bottom plate and two side plates to form a box body structure, and vertical plates are arranged in the box body structure;
the precision machining method comprises the following steps:
controlling the state of a part material, wherein the blank thickness allowance of the bottom plate, the top plate and the two side plates is more than or equal to 5mm, the blank thickness allowance of the vertical plate is more than or equal to 3mm, the blank states of the bottom plate, the top plate and the two side plates are in an annealing state, the peripheries of the blanks of the bottom plate, the top plate and the two side plates are blanked by adopting water cutting, and the allowance is more than or equal to 15 mm;
controlling the size allowance of the parts before the sub-box body is welded:
2mm allowance is reserved on the peripheral mounting surface, the bottom surface and the butt joint surface of the bottom plate, 2mm allowance is reserved on the boss mounting surfaces on the outer sides of the two side plates, 2mm allowance is reserved on the boss mounting surface of the top plate, and 2mm allowance is reserved on the outer side surfaces of the front plate and the rear plate;
the boss mounting surface of the vertical plate is reserved with 2mm allowance, the single side of the mounting hole which is formed in the vertical plate and is larger than or equal to phi 20mm is reserved with 2mm allowance, and the mounting hole which is smaller than phi 20mm is not processed;
the positioning size of a vertical plate mounting groove arranged in the box body structure is controlled according to +/-0.1 mm, and the fit clearance between the vertical plate mounting groove and the vertical plate is controlled according to (+0.05mm, +0.15 mm);
the positioning sizes of 4 groups of process holes coaxially arranged on the vertical plate, the front plate and the rear plate are controlled according to +/-0.02 mm, the aperture tolerance zone is controlled according to 0.05mm, the hole site tolerance is controlled according to +/-0.02 mm, and the two groups of process holes at opposite angles are used for laser welding positioning;
coordinating the machining standard after the sub-box body is welded:
inserting a mandrel into a group of process holes according to a fit clearance of 0.05-0.15 mm, and keeping the length of more than or equal to 100mm at two ends of the mandrel for alignment;
processing by adopting a large vertical-horizontal conversion processing center or a five-axis processing center;
positioning the top surface of the sub-box body, using symmetrical four-point support to align the centers of two horizontal process holes on the vertical plate, the front plate or the rear plate, and adjusting the bottom support to ensure that the centers of the four process holes are positioned on a horizontal plane;
aligning the outer circle side surfaces of two ends of the mandrel, and ensuring the sub-box to be horizontal in the length direction through a rotary workbench;
centering the center positions of four process holes on the vertical plate, the front plate or the rear plate, determining an X-axis coordinate zero point and a Z-axis coordinate zero point, and determining a Y-axis coordinate zero point on the surface of the vertical plate;
establishing a coordinate system based on the X-axis coordinate zero point, the Y-axis coordinate zero point and the Z-axis coordinate zero point, and processing the box body outer contour by a carving tool for 0.2mm deep to determine the actual processing allowance of each surface;
processing the sub-box body:
roughly processing the bottom surface, two side surfaces, front end surface and rear end surface, and controlling the remained allowance to be less than or equal to 0.5 mm;
turning over, roughly processing the top surface, and controlling the remained allowance to be less than or equal to 0.5 mm;
turning over, positioning the top surface, finely processing two side surfaces of the sub-box body, a non-butt end surface and mounting holes on the surface of the non-butt end surface, and controlling the parallelism of the two side surfaces to be less than or equal to 0.05 mm;
finely processing the bottom surface of the sub-box body and the butt joint surface of the box body, and ensuring that the flatness of the bottom surface is less than or equal to 0.03mm, the flatness of the butt joint surface is less than or equal to 0.02mm, and the verticality between the butt joint surface and the bottom surface is less than or equal to 0.04 mm;
finely machining a mounting hole in the bottom surface of the sub-box body, and finely machining a sealing groove, a positioning pin hole and a connecting hole in the butt joint surface;
re-clamping, positioning the bottom surface of the sub-box body, finely machining the top surface, and machining each cover plate mounting hole to ensure that the flatness is less than or equal to 0.03mm and the parallelism between the top surface and the bottom surface is less than or equal to 0.05 mm;
processing a boss mounting surface and a hole of the vertical plate;
assembling two sub-boxes:
cleaning burrs of the sub-box body and removing excess materials;
vertically butting the two sub-boxes, installing positioning pins on a butting surface, and connecting bolts at four opposite angles of the butting surface;
horizontally hoisting the two sub-boxes, placing the two sub-boxes on a platform, re-fastening the four bolts at the opposite corners, and symmetrically fastening other connecting bolts at each position;
and installing each cover plate on the top plate.
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| CN104148539B (en) * | 2010-09-23 | 2016-02-10 | 形状集团 | The method of the multitube reinforcement rolling and forming for vehicle and roll forming machine |
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| CN112975070A (en) * | 2021-03-10 | 2021-06-18 | 西安超越申泰信息科技有限公司 | Welding processing forming method for full-solid machine box |
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