CN113953529A - Preparation method for manufacturing aluminum-silicon alloy part by high-strength and high-plasticity additive manufacturing - Google Patents
Preparation method for manufacturing aluminum-silicon alloy part by high-strength and high-plasticity additive manufacturing Download PDFInfo
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- CN113953529A CN113953529A CN202111207392.5A CN202111207392A CN113953529A CN 113953529 A CN113953529 A CN 113953529A CN 202111207392 A CN202111207392 A CN 202111207392A CN 113953529 A CN113953529 A CN 113953529A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/20—Direct sintering or melting
- B22F10/28—Powder bed fusion, e.g. selective laser melting [SLM] or electron beam melting [EBM]
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/60—Treatment of workpieces or articles after build-up
- B22F10/64—Treatment of workpieces or articles after build-up by thermal means
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/60—Treatment of workpieces or articles after build-up
- B22F10/66—Treatment of workpieces or articles after build-up by mechanical means
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/12—Both compacting and sintering
- B22F3/14—Both compacting and sintering simultaneously
- B22F3/15—Hot isostatic pressing
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y40/00—Auxiliary operations or equipment, e.g. for material handling
- B33Y40/10—Pre-treatment
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y70/00—Materials specially adapted for additive manufacturing
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
- C22C21/02—Alloys based on aluminium with silicon as the next major constituent
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F2201/00—Treatment under specific atmosphere
- B22F2201/20—Use of vacuum
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/25—Process efficiency
Abstract
The invention belongs to the advanced manufacturing field of metal materials, and relates to a preparation method for manufacturing an aluminum-silicon alloy part by using a high-strength and high-plasticity additive; the preparation method comprises the steps of carrying out vacuum degassing treatment on aluminum-silicon alloy powder before additive manufacturing, and carrying out hot isostatic pressing treatment on an aluminum-silicon alloy workpiece subjected to additive manufacturing at the temperature of 250-350 ℃. Under the hot isostatic pressing temperature of the invention, raw material powder is processed by adopting an unconventional vacuum degassing process in additive manufacturing before the additive manufacturing is started, and on the premise of closing defects, a granular and strip-shaped structure with staggered Si distribution can be obtained, the structure also has excellent plasticity, and the strength is improved to be more than 30% of that of a traditional T6 heat-treated cast aluminum-silicon alloy part, so that the strength and the plasticity of the aluminum-silicon alloy part are greatly improved at the same time.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of advanced manufacturing of metal materials, and relates to a preparation method for manufacturing an aluminum-silicon alloy part by using a high-strength and high-plasticity additive.
Background
The aluminum-silicon alloy has the advantages of low density, high specific strength, good corrosion resistance and the like, and is widely applied to the advanced fields of aerospace and the like. The demand for structural integration and complication of advanced aircraft parts is increasingly clear, and the performance requirements are higher and higher, which puts extremely high requirements on the processing and manufacturing of parts. The additive manufacturing technology can meet the requirements of manufacturing of complex structures, strict size consistency and quick response manufacturing, can directly form terminal parts, and can effectively solve the problem that cast aluminum-silicon alloy complex parts in the field of aerospace are difficult to machine and form.
Because the aluminum-silicon alloy has high chemical activity, oxygen, moisture in the air and the like are easily adsorbed on the surface of the aluminum-silicon alloy powder, the impurities are easily reacted with Al element at high temperature in the additive manufacturing process to produce oxides, the metallurgical bonding in a workpiece is seriously influenced by the existence of the oxides, the oxides are easily used as crack sources, and the performance of the workpiece is seriously influenced. In addition, the internal structure of the aluminum-silicon alloy manufactured part manufactured by the additive manufacturing method is a coarse reticular eutectic structure, the defects of internal micro pores and the like which cannot be thoroughly eliminated and are randomly distributed exist in the structure, and the eutectic Si crystal boundary and the defects are easy to become the weak points of the formation and the propagation of the primary crack source; in addition, the internal accumulated thermal stress of the aluminum-silicon alloy part can cause that the part has extremely low plasticity and poor comprehensive mechanical property. Therefore, each process stage of additive manufacturing needs to be redesigned to strengthen the performance of the part, which is of great significance for further promoting the engineering application of the aluminum-silicon alloy part manufactured by additive manufacturing in the aerospace field.
Disclosure of Invention
The purpose of the invention is: the preparation method for manufacturing the aluminum-silicon alloy part by the high-strength and high-plasticity additive is provided, so that the strength and the plasticity of the aluminum-silicon alloy part are greatly improved, and compared with the traditional T6 heat treatment-state cast aluminum-silicon alloy part, the strength is improved by more than 30%, and the plasticity is improved by more than 200%.
In order to solve the technical problem, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
the preparation method comprises the steps of carrying out vacuum degassing treatment on aluminum-silicon alloy powder before additive manufacturing, and carrying out hot isostatic pressing treatment on the aluminum-silicon alloy part manufactured by additive manufacturing at the temperature of 250-350 ℃.
Comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: vacuum degassing treatment: placing aluminum-silicon alloy powder to be subjected to additive manufacturing in an environment with the temperature of 200-400 ℃ and the vacuum degree of less than 67Pa, preserving heat and pressure for 2-4 h, and air cooling;
step two: additive manufacturing: aluminum-silicon alloy parts with the density higher than 99.90 percent are manufactured by material increase of aluminum-silicon alloy powder after vacuum degassing treatment;
step three: hot isostatic pressing treatment: and (3) insulating the aluminum-silicon alloy workpiece for 2-4 h at the temperature of 270-330 ℃ and the pressure of 100-150 MPa, and cooling along with the furnace.
The additive manufacturing aluminum-silicon alloy part has the Si content of 4.5-13% by mass.
In the first step, the aluminum-silicon alloy powder is heated along with the furnace, and the heating rate is 5-10 ℃/min.
In the third step, the aluminum-silicon alloy part is heated along with the furnace, and the heating rate is 5-15 ℃/min.
And in the third step, the aluminum-silicon alloy part is cooled to below 80 ℃ in a hot isostatic pressing furnace, exhausted, taken out of the furnace and cooled in air.
The Si processed in the third step is changed from a reticular eutectic structure into a granular and strip-shaped staggered form, and compared with the traditional T6 heat-treated cast aluminum-silicon alloy part, the strength is improved by more than 30%, and the plasticity is improved by more than 200%.
Preferably, the process parameters in the second step are as follows: the thickness of the powder spreading layer is 30 mu m, the laser power is 300-500W, the scanning speed is 1000-1300 mm/s, and the scanning interval is 0.10-0.15 mm.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention develops a great deal of and targeted research work aiming at the preparation process of the aluminum-silicon alloy product manufactured by the additive manufacturing. After the aluminum-silicon alloy part manufactured by additive manufacturing is treated by the method, the method has the following beneficial effects:
the heat treatment system of the invention is based on the following steps: 1. the additive manufacturing part inevitably has hole defects, so that the mechanical property of the part is influenced, which is particularly obvious in aluminum alloy, and the defects are closed by adopting hot isostatic pressing; 2. the common hot isostatic pressing system of the aluminum-silicon alloy is 450-550 ℃, and under the system, the inside of the structure consists of uniformly distributed round Si particles, so that the plasticity is greatly improved, but the strength is reduced to be less than 80% of that of the traditional T6 heat treatment state aluminum-silicon alloy part. Based on the above, the hot isostatic pressing temperature is creatively designed to be 250-350 ℃, and on the premise that the defects can be closed, a granular and strip-shaped structure with staggered Si distribution can be obtained, the structure also has excellent plasticity, and the strength is improved to be more than 30% of that of the traditional T6 heat-treated cast aluminum-silicon alloy part;
secondly, because hot isostatic pressing uses a temperature far lower than that of the conventional process, the effect of closed defects is not ideal, and therefore the method adopts a vacuum degassing process which is not conventional in additive manufacturing to treat raw material powder before the additive manufacturing is started. Vacuum degassing aluminum-silicon alloy powder, and physically adsorbing H on the surface of the powder2O、O2、N2The exhaust of gases such as the gases and the gases in the hollow powder greatly reduces the generation of Al caused by the reaction of impurity elements such as H, O and the like and Al element in the additive manufacturing process2O3The quantity of the oxides is reduced, and the performance weak points in the aluminum-silicon alloy part are reduced radically; make the warpMost of defects of the finished piece subjected to the hot isostatic pressing treatment are even completely eliminated, and the requirements of high strength and high plasticity are met.
In a word, the aluminum-silicon alloy part prepared by the method of the invention has higher strength and plasticity and plays an irreplaceable role in model development.
Drawings
FIG. 1 shows the appearance of AlSi10Mg alloy powder in the embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a metallographic structure of an AlSi10Mg Al-Si alloy laser selective melting forming workpiece in an embodiment of the invention;
fig. 3 shows the metallographic structure of a cast aluminum-silicon alloy part in a traditional T6 heat treatment state.
Detailed Description
In the drawings and the following description, well-known structures and techniques are not shown to avoid unnecessarily obscuring the present invention.
Example 1: the method for preparing the AlSi10Mg alloy product comprises the following steps:
1. preparing an AlSi10Mg alloy powder raw material by adopting an air atomization method, (the appearance and the appearance of the powder are shown in figure 1), and the chemical components are as follows: si: 9.7-10.5%, Mg: 0.35-0.45%, O: 0.08 to 0.11%, Fe: < 0.4%, Al: and (4) the balance. The particle size is 10-63 μm, and the sphericity is more than 90%.
2. Processing the AlSi10Mg alloy powder by adopting a vacuum degassing method, wherein the parameters are selected as follows: temperature: keeping the temperature and the pressure at 350 ℃ and 13.3Pa for 2 h.
3. 4 gold phase samples (15X 10mm) and 12 tensile samples (phi 12X 71mm) were prepared by laser selective melting molding. Printing by adopting selective laser melting forming equipment, wherein the printing parameters are as follows: the thickness of the powder spreading layer is 0.03mm, the laser power is 400-450W, the scanning speed is 1200-1300 mm/s, and the scanning interval is 0.12 mm.
4. The whole selective laser melting and forming process is carried out under the protection of argon, and the oxygen content in a forming cabin is controlled to be below 1000 ppm.
5. And (3) completing printing, and performing hot isostatic pressing treatment: and putting the workpiece into a hot isostatic pressing furnace, heating the workpiece to 290 ℃ along with the furnace under the pressure of 120MPa, preserving the temperature for 2h, and cooling along with the furnace.
6. The AlSi10Mg alloy part obtained through the steps has closed defects such as internal micro-pores and micro-cracks, the structure is composed of granular and long Si strips distributed in a staggered mode (figure 2), compared with the traditional T6 cast aluminum-silicon alloy part in a heat treatment state (such as circular Si granules shown in figure 3), the strength is improved by 31.4%, the plasticity is improved by 275%, and specific results are shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art can easily conceive various equivalent modifications or substitutions within the technical scope of the present invention, and these modifications or substitutions should be covered within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A preparation method for manufacturing an aluminum-silicon alloy part by high-strength and high-plasticity additive manufacturing is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
the preparation method comprises the steps of carrying out vacuum degassing treatment on aluminum-silicon alloy powder before additive manufacturing, and carrying out hot isostatic pressing treatment on an aluminum-silicon alloy workpiece subjected to additive manufacturing at the temperature of 250-350 ℃.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein: comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: vacuum degassing treatment: placing aluminum-silicon alloy powder to be subjected to additive manufacturing in an environment with the temperature of 200-400 ℃ and the vacuum degree of less than 67Pa, preserving heat and pressure for 2-4 h, and air cooling;
step two: additive manufacturing: aluminum-silicon alloy parts with the density higher than 99.90 percent are manufactured by material increase of aluminum-silicon alloy powder after vacuum degassing treatment;
step three: hot isostatic pressing treatment: and (3) insulating the aluminum-silicon alloy workpiece for 2-4 h at the temperature of 270-330 ℃ and the pressure of 100-150 MPa, and cooling along with the furnace.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein: the additive manufacturing aluminum-silicon alloy part has the Si content of 4.5-13% by mass.
4. The method of claim 2, wherein: in the first step, the aluminum-silicon alloy powder is heated along with the furnace, and the heating rate is 5-10 ℃/min.
5. The method of claim 2, wherein: in the third step, the aluminum-silicon alloy part is heated along with the furnace, and the heating rate is 5-15 ℃/min.
6. The method of claim 2, wherein: and in the third step, the aluminum-silicon alloy part is cooled to below 80 ℃ in a hot isostatic pressing furnace, exhausted, taken out of the furnace and cooled in air.
7. The method of claim 2, wherein: the Si processed in the third step is changed from a reticular eutectic structure into a granular and strip-shaped staggered form, and compared with the traditional T6 heat-treated cast aluminum-silicon alloy part, the strength is improved by more than 30%, and the plasticity is improved by more than 200%.
8. The method of claim 2, wherein: the process parameters in the second step are as follows: the thickness of the powder spreading layer is 30 mu m, the laser power is 300-500W, the scanning speed is 1000-1300 mm/s, and the scanning interval is 0.10-0.15 mm.
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| US20110061494A1 (en) * | 2009-09-14 | 2011-03-17 | United Technologies Corporation | Superplastic forming high strength l12 aluminum alloys |
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| CN110621796A (en) * | 2017-05-12 | 2019-12-27 | 肯联铝业技术中心 | Method for manufacturing aluminum alloy parts |
| CN111922347A (en) * | 2020-07-31 | 2020-11-13 | 飞而康快速制造科技有限责任公司 | Heat treatment method for 3D printing aluminum alloy |
| CN112352061A (en) * | 2018-06-25 | 2021-02-09 | 肯联铝业技术中心 | Method for manufacturing aluminum alloy parts |
| CN112899624A (en) * | 2021-01-19 | 2021-06-04 | 宁波江丰电子材料股份有限公司 | Aluminum-silicon alloy sputtering target material and preparation method and application thereof |
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2021
- 2021-10-15 CN CN202111207392.5A patent/CN113953529B/en active Active
Patent Citations (9)
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| US5344605A (en) * | 1991-11-22 | 1994-09-06 | Sumitomo Electric Industries, Ltd. | Method of degassing and solidifying an aluminum alloy powder |
| JPH06212335A (en) * | 1993-01-13 | 1994-08-02 | Toyota Motor Corp | Aluminum alloy with high strength and high toughness |
| US20110061494A1 (en) * | 2009-09-14 | 2011-03-17 | United Technologies Corporation | Superplastic forming high strength l12 aluminum alloys |
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