CN113953100A

CN113953100A - Heat-reducing temperature control method and device for large-scale supergravity centrifugal machine

Info

Publication number: CN113953100A
Application number: CN202010741918.7A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 楼韧; 楼寿林; 王雨瑶; 许锦辉; 姚泽龙; 冯再南
Original assignee: Hangzhou Linda Chemical Technology Engineering Co ltd
Current assignee: Hangzhou Linda Chemical Technology Engineering Co ltd
Priority date: 2020-07-21
Filing date: 2020-07-21
Publication date: 2022-01-21

Abstract

The invention discloses a high-efficiency energy-saving heat-reducing temperature-controlling method of a large-scale hypergravity centrifugal machine, which adopts low-density gas in a centrifugal machine cabin to greatly reduce wind resistance power generated in a centrifugal simulation test, simultaneously utilizes a circulator or self-circulation of pressure difference generated by centrifugal force of the centrifugal machine cabin outside the centrifugal machine cabin to effectively reduce the temperature through water-cooling heat exchange and/or refrigerant heat exchange, and then returns the temperature to the centrifugal machine to form a set of gas cooling circulation system outside the centrifugal machine cabin, thereby solving the contradiction between the structural safety and reliability of the large-scale hypergravity centrifugal machine and the requirement of high heat exchange capacity of the cabin design, and meeting the good effects of energy saving, safety, high efficiency and environmental protection when the test working temperature of the newly-built large-capacity hypergravity centrifugal machine reaches the national standard range. The invention also discloses a high-efficiency energy-saving heat-reducing temperature control device of the large-scale hypergravity centrifugal machine.

Description

Heat-reducing temperature control method and device for large-scale supergravity centrifugal machine

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of centrifuge equipment, in particular to a high-capacity hypergravity simulation test centrifuge, which relates to industrial applications such as hypergravity separation, mass transfer and reaction strengthening technologies, new material development and the like of simulation tests in national geotechnical, civil, aerospace and ocean engineering projects and petrochemical engineering, in particular to a steady-state acceleration simulation test equipment centrifuge, and relates to the problems of reducing wind resistance power and well controlling temperature in a centrifuge simulation test device.

Background

The technology of the hypergravity centrifugal machine is developed in the seventies of the last century, China successively cooperates with foreign countries to track, innovate and combine, and a plurality of large and medium-sized centrifugal machine simulation test devices are built for operation, and at present, more than 200 large and medium-sized devices are built for operation at home and abroad.

With the increase of the capacity of the centrifugal machine, the huge centrifugal machines generate strong resistance and heat when running at high speed in the cavity of the centrifugal machine, and in order to ensure the safe operation of equipment and the correctness of tests, research departments of various countries specially research the temperature control system technology of the hypergravity centrifugal machine, simultaneously perform CFD flow field simulation calculation on the hypergravity centrifugal machine and perform air cooling and liquid cooling practical tests by utilizing the existing unit and design and manufacture simulation device, a series of achievements are obtained, and a foundation is laid for a higher-capacity hypergravity project.

Along with the improvement of centrifugal acceleration and volume weight of the supergravity centrifugal machine, the wind resistance power generated in the test is greatly increased, for example, the wind resistance power N is considered by the institute of engineering and physics in China_w＝ρc(1-α)²ω³Psi/2 (where rho is air density and omega is basket rotation speed) (Zheng Xiang, equipment environment engineering, 17 vol. No.3, 2020 and 3 months), which is basically consistent with the opinion wind resistance power of various research units at home and abroad. Because the test is required to be carried out at 4-40 ℃ basically at room temperature, the existing heat transfer cooling method for removing the wind resistance power of the centrifugal machine set at home and abroad to solve the problem of the over-temperature of the centrifugal machine is an air cooling method, a cabin wall water cooling method and a vacuum pumping method, and the heat generated by the high-speed rotation of a rotating arm of the centrifugal machine, namely the wind resistance power NW and the indoor air can be seen in a front-leading formulaThe density rho is increased proportionally, experimental research shows that the cabin pressure is reduced by vacuumizing, the high-speed mechanical thermal resistance power can be reduced by 90% from normal pressure to 10KPa and the diameter of 9M, but from the view of the heat balance of the machine room, the heat Q of the machine room is V multiplied by rho multiplied by C_PX Δ T, i.e. the isobaric heat capacity C of the same gas at a constant machine chamber volume V_P(J/kg. k) does not vary much in the room temperature range, and under such conditions, the random cell gas density ρ (kg/M)³) The temperature rise delta T of the machine room is increased inevitably, the heat transfer capacity is reduced greatly due to rarefied air, meanwhile, the area of liquid-cooled indirect heat exchange is designed to be too small in the centrifugal machine room, because the centrifugal machine room is under a high-speed supergravity acceleration experiment, firstly, the centrifugal machine room must be ensured to be reasonable in structure and enough, the strength is safe and reliable, the wall surface is required to be flat and smooth for reducing the wind resistance power, and the wall serving as a heat exchange plate needs to be thick enough, so that if the centrifugal machine room is 100M per unit²The volume is only 10-20M²The heat exchange area is far lower than the specific cold surface of a heat exchanger of a common refrigeration system, so heat cannot be removed, and another problem can be caused after vacuumizing. Another problem is that the bearings of the centrifuge in high vacuum leak oil, the sealing around the centrifuge chamber becomes difficult, and in addition, the sealing of the chamber in high vacuum is difficult, and once the liquid cooling is damaged by leakage, it is difficult to repair the chamber, and the equipment cost increases, so that the strength of the centrifuge chamber is ensured first, for example, a 395M capacity³At a low pressure of 5KPa, the pressure in the centrifugal cabin is only 19.5NM at the standard state temperature pressure³Air, it is difficult to meet the requirement of strong heat transfer capacity.

In addition, for the hypergravity centrifugation simulation and experiment device, the difference with the factory production device is that the production device continuously operates for a long time except for maintenance, and the simulation experiment device such as a ZJU400 centrifugal machine which is built before the early year calculates 8 hours per day according to 250 days of an annual working day, the annual working time is only 2000 hours, and the temperature of the region where the centrifugal machine set is located is about 20 ℃ lower than that of the region in winter and summer due to the difference of the environmental temperature. The large environmental temperature greatly influences the freezing quantity required by the wind resistance power, and the requirement that a plurality of machines operate simultaneously is met according to the calculation of the water temperature of more than 30 ℃ in summer, wherein some centrifuges operate according to normal pressure and some centrifuges operate according to 5 or 10KPa vacuum to calculate the total wind resistance power and are difficult to meet the working temperature requirement of cabin temperature design.

In order to reduce friction resistance, a smooth plane heat exchange surface is required to be selected for a centrifugal cabin, the design requirement on a large-diameter, high-centrifugal acceleration and large-capacity supergravity centrifugal machine is high, and the structural form and the heat exchange area of a liquid cooling heat exchanger in the cabin are greatly limited due to the adoption of the manufacturing difficulty. Obviously, the key to controlling the centrifuge test not to exceed the temperature is to reduce the wind resistance power of a centrifugal test chamber, namely the air wind resistance, and we see that hydrogen is used for reducing the air resistance of a train (phyllisco, railway rolling stock, No. 6, pages 36-37 of 2002) and hydrogen is used for jetting to greatly reduce the wall friction resistance of a supersonic aircraft (Wang Shi, university of northwest, Vol 37, No.3, 6 months of 2019, page 449 and 454) in research documents of reducing the air resistance of trains or airplanes. The wind resistance power Nw is directly proportional to the density of gas in the centrifuge test, so that the heat reduction and temperature control strategy is realized by replacing air with hydrogen. The temperature exceeds the working temperature required by the test, so that the test accuracy is reduced, and under the condition of stable operation of the centrifugal machine, the indoor wind resistance power of the main machine can maximally account for more than 70-90% of the total heat load of the equipment in operation, and is mainly generated by heat generated by friction between air and a rotating arm system and a wall. According to experience, under a general condition, if no temperature reduction measure is adopted, the centrifuge system stably operates for one hour in a limited air range of a main machine room, the temperature in the main machine room can rise to 60-80 ℃, the safety and reliability of equipment are seriously threatened, for example, key elements of a collection testing system and a control system are failed, the accuracy of test result data is influenced by the testing system, and the control system causes the equipment to run out of control, so that the result is unreasonable.

The high-efficiency heat exchanger can be arranged outside the centrifugal cabin, for example, a finned tube heat exchanger, a heat exchanger with a small diameter and a thin-walled tube is adopted, fins are welded outside a base tube, the specific heat transfer coefficient is greatly improved, a refrigerant with safe and environment-friendly high latent heat of vaporization, such as R507A, R717 and R744, is compressed, cooled and condensed by a screw rod refrigerator, and is decompressed to evaporate and absorb the heat of gas sent by the centrifugal cabin in an evaporator tube of the finned tube, so that the temperature is effectively reduced and the temperature is effectively cooled.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to solve the defects of the prior art, and adopts gas with low density, good heat-conducting property and low price to replace air to reduce energy consumption so as to realize a large-scale supergravity centrifuge device which is efficient, energy-saving, safe, reliable, economical and feasible.

In order to overcome the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a high-efficiency energy-saving heat-reducing temperature-controlling method for a large-scale hypergravity centrifugal machine, which adopts low-density gas such as hydrogen to replace the air in the room of the conventional hypergravity centrifugal machine, greatly reduces the wind resistance power generated in a centrifugal test, solves the contradiction between the safe reliability of the structure of the large-scale hypergravity centrifugal machine and the requirement of high heat exchange capacity of a cabin design, and achieves the good effects of energy conservation, safety, high efficiency and environmental protection in the working temperature range of the centrifugal machine test.

From the current calculation formula of wind resistance power for calculating the heat generated by the air in the high-speed rotating arm, the hanging basket and the centrifuge and the inner wall of the centrifuge when the high-gravity geotechnical centrifuge operates in domestic and foreign documents, under the operating conditions of machines with the same structure size and the same gravity acceleration, capacity, rotating speed and the like, the linear relation between the wind resistance power and the gas density in the centrifuge chamber is increased, firstly, the molecular weight of hydrogen is 2.016, and the gas density is only 0.089kg/M³The molecular weight of air is not less than 28.96, and the air density is not more than 1.293kg/M³7% of the total weight of the air, hydrogen is the gas with the minimum molecular weight and density, so the wind resistance power of the rotating arm and the hanging basket in the shell is greatly reduced when the hydrogen replaces air to rotate at high speed, and meanwhile, the hydrogen has the other outstanding advantages that the heat conductivity coefficient is 0.1683W/(M.K), which is much higher than the air heat conductivity coefficient of 0.0242W/(M.K), and the hydrogen heat conductivity coefficient is 7 times of that of air, which solves the problem that the air is thin and difficult to transfer heat under vacuum, and the low density of the hydrogen is greatly reducedCentrifuge windage power and calorific capacity, the high heat conductivity of hydrogen improves the heat removal ability of centrifuge inner chamber again by a wide margin, and the two combines, has both reduced the heat that centrifuge produced, has improved heat exchange efficiency again.

A method for reducing heat and controlling temperature of a large-scale hypergravity centrifugal machine is characterized in that wind resistance power generated in a centrifugal simulation test is greatly reduced by adopting low-density gas in a centrifugal machine cabin, the low-density gas is designed by adopting or not adopting an in-cabin cooling mode according to different structures of a double-interlayer cabin wall or a single-layer cabin wall of the centrifugal machine, and is matched with a self-circulation system which utilizes a circulator or centrifugal cabin centrifugal force to generate pressure difference outside the cabin, effectively reduces the temperature through water-cooling heat exchange and/or refrigerant heat exchange, and then returns to the centrifugal machine cabin to form a set of an out-cabin gas cooling circulation system.

The low-density gas is hydrogen or air.

The low-density gas uses air in winter low ambient temperature or low volume tests and hydrogen in summer high ambient temperature or high volume tests. Through the simulation of a PLC or DCS computer, the optimum design is carried out according to the environmental temperature, the conditions, the simulation test capacity and the required refrigerating capacity during the simulation test, so as to determine whether each centrifuge is filled with hydrogen or air, and whether the centrifuge is cooled by an engine room jacket or water cooling outside the engine room or refrigerant heat exchange cooling. When the environmental temperature in winter is less than 10 ℃, the test capacity is small, and the required refrigerating capacity is not large, the air cooling or the refrigerant cooling can be used. When hydrogen is not filled, all the heat exchange systems outside the centrifuge cabin and the original hydrogen cooling circulation system form an air-water cooling system and an air-refrigerant cooling system.

Preferably, the low-density gas in the centrifuge is hydrogen, the volume percentage of the hydrogen is more than 96%, the oxygen is less than 0.2%, and the hydrogen in the supplementary hydrogen is more than 99.9%.

Preferably, the control working temperature of the centrifuge is 4-40 ℃, and the temperature variation is not more than 5 ℃.

In the method for reducing heat and controlling temperature of the large-scale supergravity centrifuge, when the cabin of the centrifuge is a single-layer cabin wall, the low-density gas in the centrifuge cabin is efficiently transferred by the fin heat exchanger with high specific heat exchange area and strong heat transfer coefficient and the cabin outer gas cooling circulation system outside the centrifuge cabin, meanwhile, the device also comprises an air blower for pressure test, an air vacuum test, gas indirect replacement, gas-water cooling heat exchange and/or gas-refrigerant heat exchange, and the on-line monitoring and control of technical parameters of a centrifugal simulation test, according to the environment temperature and centrifugal test capacity conditions of the centrifugal machine simulation test, the gas in the cooling centrifugal machine cabin is optimally selected to be water and/or refrigerant medium, and the good effects of energy conservation, safety, high efficiency and environmental protection are achieved, wherein the working temperature of the centrifugal machine test is in the range of 4-40 ℃.

According to the method for reducing heat and controlling temperature of the large-scale supergravity centrifuge, the centrifuge cabin is an inner wall and outer wall double interlayer, low-density gas is filled in the centrifuge cabin, refrigerant or secondary refrigerant is filled in the inner wall and outer wall double interlayer, the refrigerant or the secondary refrigerant is sent to the centrifuge interlayer by a gas-refrigerant heat exchange system matched with the centrifuge, and the gas temperature in the centrifuge cabin is cooled through the inner wall of the centrifuge cabin or/and the gas entering and exiting the centrifuge cabin is cooled through a gas-water cooling heat exchange system or gas-refrigerant heat exchange outside the centrifuge cabin, or both the gas temperature and the secondary refrigerant are adopted simultaneously.

The heat reducing and temperature controlling device for large supergravity centrifuge includes one or several supergravity centrifuges, which includes one centrifugal cabin with motor chamber to drive the centrifuge to rotate, instrument cabin in the upper part, top cover plate on the centrifuge, horizontal rotating arm inside the centrifugal cabin and driven with bottom motor, work test hanging basket hung to the ends of the rotating arm, and one single-layer cabin wall or double-layer wall for cooling the cabin with refrigerant The air cooling circulation system comprises air vacuum test equipment, an indirect replacement system and a centrifugal simulation test technical parameter on-line monitoring and control system, wherein the air cooling circulation system comprises gas filling equipment and a circulator; each centrifugal cabin can perform coolant refrigeration circulation in the centrifugal cabin and/or water-cooling outside the centrifugal cabin and/or refrigerant cooling with a gas-water cooling heat exchange system and/or a gas-refrigerant heat exchange system, when the gas in the centrifugal cabin is hydrogen, the gas-water cooling heat exchange system and/or the gas-refrigerant heat exchange system is a hydrogen-water cooling heat exchange system and/or a hydrogen-refrigerant heat exchange system, when the gas in the centrifugal cabin is air, the gas-water cooling heat exchange system and/or the gas-refrigerant heat exchange system is an air-water cooling heat exchange system and/or an air-refrigerant heat exchange system, and the optimal scheme for matching the centrifugal machine and the gas cooling system is optimally simulated and selected through a PLC or DCS computer before each test, the control operation was monitored by a computer during the experiment.

The supergravity centrifuge is a steady acceleration centrifuge, a spindle in a centrifuge cabin drives a rotating arm to rotate, the rotating arm drives a test bed at the end of the rotating arm to rotate, due to the action of centrifugal force, the density and pressure of rotating air in the centrifuge cabin are distributed in a small-inside and large-outside distribution along the radius direction, and the pressure on the surface of the rotating arm and the pressure of air in the centrifuge cabin are increased along with the increase of the radius on the whole, so that the pressure on the inner surface of the wall of the centrifuge cabin far away from the rotating shaft is greater than the pressure on the outer surface.

The pressure difference between the center of the cabin of the centrifuge and the outside of the cabin close to the inside of the cabin changes along with the capacity and the centrifugal force of the centrifuge, so that the centrifugal force of the centrifuge and the pressure difference between the area of the inner wall of the cabin and the center of the cabin can be used for establishing a gas self-circulation cooling system of the gas non-circulation machine which is provided with cabin gas outside and cabin gas cooling heat exchange gas and is arranged from an air outlet of the cabin on the top of the cabin to an air inlet of the cabin outside.

The gas-water cooling heat exchange system and/or the gas-refrigerant heat exchange system adopt fin heat exchangers with high specific heat exchange area and strong heat transfer coefficient.

According to the large-scale supergravity centrifuge heat-reducing temperature-controlling device, when the centrifuge cabin is a single-layer cabin wall, the centrifuge cabin is connected with a gas-refrigerant heat exchange system and/or a gas-water cooling heat exchange system for cooling outside the cabin.

According to the large-scale hypergravity centrifuge heat-reducing temperature-controlling device, the centrifuge cabin is a double-interlayer wall, the double-interlayer wall is filled with refrigerant or secondary refrigerant for cooling in the cabin, the double-interlayer wall is connected with the gas-refrigerant heat exchange system, and the interior of the centrifuge cabin is connected with the gas-refrigerant heat exchange system or the gas-water cooling heat exchange system for cooling outside the cabin.

Preferably, the heat exchange tube of the water-cooled heat exchanger or the refrigerant heat exchanger adopted by the gas-water-cooled heat exchange system or the gas-refrigerant heat exchange system used outside the cabin is a heat exchanger with a small diameter of 10-30mm and a high specific cooling surface.

Preferably, the gas cooling circulation system is provided with a hydrogen recovery cabinet for recovering and utilizing used hydrogen.

The following significant benefits are achieved using the present technology:

1. because the density of the hydrogen is only 6.96 percent of that of the air, and the viscosity is only half of that of the air except the density, the wind resistance power is greatly reduced, and the power consumption and the operating cost required by controlling the normal working temperature are greatly reduced.

2. The heat conductivity coefficient of the hydrogen is 7 times of that of the air, so that the temperature of the centrifugal cabin is uniform, the temperature difference is small, the test condition is improved, and the correctness, good effect and quality of test data are ensured.

3. The hydrogen is a well-known clean energy without generating pollutants, has huge resources and high heat value, and is a hydrogen energy economy which is highly valued at home and abroad and is also planned and developed in China. As long as the established safety regulation and regulation are strictly implemented in production, manufacture, transportation, storage and use, the hydrogen energy can be certainly popularized and applied to a greater extent.

4. The wind resistance power is reduced by more than 90% by adopting hydrogen cooling, and the possibility is provided for constructing a high-capacity supergravity centrifugal device.

5. The centrifugal cabin external cooling system uses high specific cold surface and high heat transfer efficiency, for example, the finned tube heat exchanger replaces the limited side wall heat transfer surface in the cabin for heat transfer cooling, thereby greatly improving the heat transfer efficiency.

6. The cooling heat exchange of the positive pressure test of the engine room air replaces the heat transfer cooling under the vacuum negative pressure, so that the cooling heat exchange efficiency is improved, the sealing problem of the large-diameter centrifugal machine is solved, the complex structure of the double-layer engine room is avoided, the cold liquid is easy to leak, the difficult problem of maintenance is solved, and the safety and reliability of the equipment are improved.

7. The hydrogen gas is adopted, so that the cost for purchasing the hydrogen gas is increased compared with the cost for using the air, but the cost can be reduced by adopting recycling or advanced technology production and the like, and the safety can be ensured by only using safety regulations that the hydrogen-air is replaced by CO2 firstly and then the hydrogen gas is filled in the hydrogen-cooling system in the operation process.

8. In winter, when the temperature of air and cooling water is less than 10 ℃, the external cooling system of the gas cabin of the centrifugal machine can also use the air centrifugal cabin to achieve the effect of controlling the centrifugal test not to exceed the designed temperature.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a cooling temperature control device of a single-layer cabin of a supergravity centrifuge.

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a cooling system for cooling the liquid cooling jacket of a supergravity centrifuge double-layer cabin.

Description of the reference numerals

Detailed Description

The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the following drawings and examples, wherein the specific embodiments described herein are only for illustrating the present invention and are not to be construed as limiting the present invention, i.e., the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, but not all of the embodiments. The apparatus and conduits, valves of the embodiments of the invention generally described and illustrated in the figures herein may be arranged and designed in a variety of different configurations. Description of the drawings fig. 1 and 2 are only schematic diagrams of the pipeline connection of main equipment. In the figure, if temperature and pressure form a flow measuring instrument, except the marked figure, the positions of the side surface of an air inlet cylinder at the lower part of the centrifuge, an inlet and an outlet of a gas cooling heat exchanger, an inlet and an outlet of a compressor and the like are provided with corresponding instruments according to requirements and are also adjusted according to different conditions.

All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments of the present invention without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

EXAMPLE 1 control of Hydrogen Cooling outside centrifuge Chamber

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a cooling temperature control device of a single-layer cabin of a supergravity centrifuge. In the figure 1, the cabin mainly comprises a top bottom and a cylindrical barrel body, a horizontal rotating arm driven by a bottom motor is arranged in the center of the cabin, a test hanging basket is hung at the middle upper part of the cabin, the horizontal rotating arm rotates at a high speed and generates wind resistance power by friction and heat of gas in the cabin, the wind resistance power is increased along with the gas density rho of the cabin, the rotating speed centrifugal acceleration of the hanging basket and the load capacity, and when the temperature of the test cabin exceeds the designed working temperature, the correct accuracy of an electronic instrument for monitoring various parameters of gas composition, temperature, pressure and flow in a centrifugal test in real time is influenced, so that the test is difficult to complete successfully.

The hydrogen-water cooling heat exchange system in the embodiment comprises a circulator and a hydrogen-water cooling heat exchanger, and the hydrogen-refrigerant system comprises the circulator and the hydrogen-refrigerant heat exchanger.

The invention adopts low-density hydrogen to replace air, so that the wind resistance power under the same normal pressure and centrifugal test capacity is reduced by more than 90 percent, simultaneously adopts a heat exchanger with a finned heat exchange tube with multiple heat exchange capacities to replace jacket heat exchange equipment with low heat exchange area and less heat exchange on the wall of a centrifugal cabin, is provided with a gas cooling circulation system (a hydrogen cooling system in the embodiment) comprising a gas filling device (the hydrogen filling device in the embodiment comprises a hydrogen station/hydrogen vehicle 10 and a hydrogen pressure stabilizing tank 11) and a circulator 43, and is also provided with CO closely connected with the gas cooling circulation system and used for avoiding mixing of hydrogen and air₂ Replacement gas inlet 31 and CO₂ Replacement gas outlet 32, vacuum pump 21, blower 22, and hydrogen-water cooling heat exchanger41. The hydrogen-refrigerant heat exchanger 56 and the circulating system hydrogen component flow, hydrogen pressure, pressure difference, oxygen content, cabin temperature and other parameters are monitored, and a PLC control system and a safety guarantee system are used for feedback valve opening adjustment, linkage or disconnection (a PCL system is shared by a plurality of units in the project and is not marked in the figure).

In the hydrogen filling equipment in figure 1, high-pressure hydrogen is decompressed to low pressure of 0.3-0.5 MPa by an external hydrogen supply vehicle 10 through a pressure reducing valve and is sent into a hydrogen pressure stabilizing tank 11, then the high-pressure hydrogen is filled into a centrifugal cabin 12 through a drier 42 and an air inlet 13, the pressure is reduced to a set pressure of 0.11MPa, the bottom of the centrifugal cabin is provided with a plurality of air inlets 13 with valves, and the centrifugal cabin is also provided with a hydrogen concentration instrument 15, an oxygen concentration instrument 16 and a CO concentration instrument₂The concentration meter 17, the cabin pressure monitor 18 and the signal feedback device 19 are connected with the PLC automatic controller to transmit signals. When the pressure in the cabin is lower than the set pressure difference of 10KPa outside the cabin, the hydrogen pressure stabilizing tank 11 automatically charges the hydrogen to the set value (0.11MPa) through signal transmission feedback, and when the hydrogen concentration is lower than the set working concentration (less than 96 percent), the hydrogen replenishing valve is automatically opened and H is used₂More than 99.9 percent of hydrogen is used for supplementing human body to H₂System H₂And when the oxygen concentration exceeds the set concentration (2%), automatically alarming, checking the gas source, adjusting the gas or starting and stopping the vehicle, and replacing qualified gas in accident treatment. When the cabin temperature is over-temperature (40 ℃), the cooling mode is adjusted by using a refrigerant or water cooling refrigeration or the refrigeration load is increased to increase the refrigeration capacity and reduce the temperature.

In FIG. 1, there are also provided air system equipment, a plurality of valved gas discharge pipes 14 on the top of the cabin, a vacuum pump 21 on the top of the cabin connected by a pipeline with valves for vacuum pumping in the cabin vacuum degree test and air replacement after the completion of the centrifuge, and a blower 22 on the bottom of the cabin connected by a pipeline with valves for cabin air pressure test, CO for air replacement into hydrogen₂Inlet 31 for displacement gas and CO₂And (4) when the whole centrifuge is manufactured completely and is qualified through an air tightness vacuum degree test and an air pressure test, starting a centrifuge simulation test to prepare for qualified work safety, and filling CO after personnel withdraw from a test cabin₂Replacing exhausted air, two-person checking and analyzing before pressurized operation of hydrogenVolume concentration, qualified composition of hydrogen for use in inspection (H)₂More than 99.9%) and then continuously analyzing H for three times according to the designed safe speed₂If the pressure is more than 98 percent, the pressure in the engine room is higher than the pressure difference between 0.01MPa and 0.11MPa outside the engine room, all pipeline valves for communicating air are cut off, and a warning board is hung. Fire around the system is strictly prohibited in the hydrogen charging state of the system, and when fire is caused due to overhaul of pipeline equipment, the fire must pass through CO firstly₂The hydrogen in the replacement system strictly executes the replacement of air by the hydrogen of the first-level fire ticket system, and the CO must be arranged before the opening door cover is opened to enter people after the test is finished₂Exchanging hydrogen gas, if hydrogen gas is discharged into hydrogen storage cabinet, checking water level of low-pressure hydrogen storage cabinet and analyzing component H of gas cabinet₂≮96％、O₂Not more than 0.2 percent (same as in a hydrogen system), and a low-pressure gas storage cabinet H₂After drying and concentrating, pressurizing to reach the safety standard and then reusing. In the figure 1, the centrifugal cabin is divided into two circulation lines of hydrogen-water cooling and hydrogen-refrigerant cooling through a circulator, and hydrogen in the centrifugal cabin 12 is cooled by cooling water in a heat exchange tube and heat absorption of a refrigerant in the heat exchange tube shell side in a hydrogen-water cooling heat exchanger and a hydrogen-refrigerant heat exchanger respectively. The cooling water of the hydrogen-water cooling heat exchange system can be disposable water, or can be cooled by circulating water after being cooled by a water cooling tower through a circulating pump 46.

The hydrogen-water cooling heat exchanger 41 is arranged in the figure 1, the water-cooling hydrogen fin heat exchanger is mainly adopted, when water cooling is lower than 15 ℃ in winter, cooling water flows in a water pipe with fins, hydrogen is arranged outside the pipe, an air outlet 14 of the centrifugal machine, a shell side of the hydrogen-water cooling heat exchanger 41, a gas dryer 42, a circulator 43 and an air inlet 13 of the centrifugal machine cabin are communicated through pipelines, hot hydrogen at the temperature of 30-40 ℃ at an outlet of the centrifugal machine is cooled to about 15 ℃ by fresh water or circulating cold water at the temperature of 10 ℃ through the hydrogen-water cooling heat exchanger 41, water is removed through the gas dryer 42, and the hot hydrogen is sent to the centrifugal machine cabin 12 through the circulator 43 to reach the temperature lower than 40 ℃.

In fig. 1, a centrifuge is connected with a circulator 43, and a hydrogen-refrigerant cooling system leading to a hydrogen-refrigerant heat exchanger 56 and then returning to the centrifuge is provided, wherein the hydrogen-refrigerant system adopts an environment-friendly, safe and efficient refrigerant such as R507, the refrigerant is compressed by a compressor 51, separated by an oil separator 52 and removed of oil, a gaseous refrigerant is cooled by cold water in a water cooling pipe by a condenser 53 and condensed into a liquid state, and the liquid refrigerant R507 enters the hydrogen-refrigerant heat exchanger 56 through a liquid receiver 54 and is cooled and then returns to the centrifuge cabin 12.

Example 2 Cooling of Hydrogen refrigerant in centrifugal Engine Chamber in combination with Cooling of Hydrogen Water outside the Chamber

Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a cooling system for cooling the liquid cooling jacket of the supergravity centrifuge cabin.

FIG. 2 is the same as FIG. 1, with a hydrogen cooling circulation system, an air blast pressure test device, an air vacuum test device and CO₂The system comprises an indirect replacement system for replacing air with hydrogen, a hydrogen-water cooling heat exchange system and/or a hydrogen-refrigerant heat exchange system, and an online monitoring and control system for technical parameters of a centrifugal simulation test.

Different from the graph 1, the supergravity centrifugal engine room 12 in the graph 2 is an inner-outer wall double interlayer, the inner-outer wall double interlayer is connected with a hydrogen-refrigerant heat exchange system, when the environmental temperature is high in summer in a centrifugal machine simulation test, the working temperature of the centrifugal engine room is difficult to reach within 40 ℃ by water cooling heat exchange when the water cooling temperature is 30 ℃, and refrigerating machine system equipment is needed. The refrigerating system adopts an environment-friendly, safe and efficient refrigerant such as R507, the refrigerant is compressed by a compressor 51, oil is separated by an oil separator 52, a gas refrigerant is cooled and condensed into a liquid state by cold water in a water cooling pipe through a condenser 53, the liquid refrigerant passes through a liquid receiver 54 and a liquid refrigerant R507 expansion throttling device 55 and is sent to a jacket in a cabin of the centrifuge 12 to absorb heat and evaporate, hot hydrogen gas from the inner wall of the cabin of the centrifuge is absorbed through vaporization of the liquid refrigerant, the temperature is reduced to 40 ℃, and the working temperature of the centrifuge 12 is kept. Refrigerant R507 absorbing heat and evaporating from the centrifuge cabin passes through a gas-liquid separator 57 from an outlet at the upper part of the jacket of the centrifuge 12, and gas after liquid separation enters the compressor 51 for compression and recycling.

In the flow of FIG. 2, the air in the centrifuge chamber is removed for stopping, air is used for airtight air pressure test and test sample loading in the start-up chamber, and CO is used before start-up test₂Or N₂Except that air replaces hydrogen, all inlet and outlet pipelines and doors and windows except a hydrogen pressure compensating pipe of the chamber are completely closed during the centrifuge test.

Example 3 Cooling and temperature control of air in the centrifuge cabin and refrigerant outside the cabin

When air is used in the centrifuge cabin, the heat exchange system outside the centrifuge cabin and the original hydrogen cooling circulation system in the above embodiments 1 and 2 become an air-water cooling system and an air-refrigerant cooling system. By combining the hydrogen-refrigerant heat exchange system in the centrifuge cabin in fig. 2 of example 2 with the hydrogen-refrigerant heat exchange system outside the centrifuge cabin in fig. 1 of example 1, even on the basis of the centrifuge cabin 12 containing heat exchange in the inner and outer wall double-interlayer refrigerant cabin in fig. 2, the original gas outlet 14 is changed into the hydrogen-refrigerant heat exchanger 41 through the circulator 43 as shown in fig. 1: the air outlet 14 exchanges heat with the gas-refrigerant heat exchanger 56 through the circulating machine 43, the cooling heat exchange area and the freezing capacity are improved by the heat exchange of the refrigerant in the inner and outer wall double-interlayer cabin and the cooling of an air-refrigerant heat exchange system outside the centrifugal cabin, and the requirement of high air resistance power during air utilization can be met.

Example 4 Cooling and temperature control of air or Hydrogen gas in the centrifuge cabin and refrigerant in the cabin

In the embodiment 2, fig. 2 may also adopt a method in which after air or hydrogen is filled in the centrifuge cabin, the valve of the gas inlet and outlet of the centrifuge cabin is closed to perform an air or hydrogen closed centrifugation test, the valve of the refrigerant cooling system is connected by opening the centrifuge jacket, and the refrigeration system is used to evaporate and vaporize the refrigerant such as R507A in the cabin to absorb heat, thereby achieving the purpose of cooling and controlling the temperature.

Example 5 comparison of Effect of high-speed hypergravity centrifuge Using Hydrogen System

The test comparison of the double-layer jacket bulkhead centrifuge is carried out under the following conditions: 9M diameter, 1500g high speed test, design operating temperature 40 ℃.

In the table, when the freezing quantity of the serial number 4 is less than the wind resistance power of the serial number 3, the temperature control requirement is not met.

Example 6 comparison of effects of heavy-duty machines using hydrogen system

Single-layer cabin centrifuge, 19M diameter, 500g small hanging basket test, design working temperature 40 DEG C

Example 71000 g static pressure difference self-circulation extra-cabin heat exchange of centrifugal machine chamber for rotating arm type centrifugal machine

The existing high-speed centrifuge with the radius of 5.4 meters in a machine room is calculated by a CFD method under the rotating speed of 1000g of 59.7rad/s, the air pressure of the inner surface of the machine room is 106300Pa, the pressure of the center position of the machine room is 93310Pa, and the pressure difference between the inner surface of the machine room and the center position of the machine room is 12990 Pa. Now with the system of fig. 1, close the inlet and outlet valves leading to the circulator and open the near valve that skips the circulator, the hot air at the top of the centrifuge near the inner wall outlet of the engine room directly enters the hydrogen-water cooling heat exchanger 41 through the near pipe, and enters the centrifuge from the center of the bottom of the centrifuge after water cooling and cooling, thus forming the gas self-circulation cooling operation without the circulator.

The application of the patent is based on the existing domestic and foreign hypergravity centrifuges, the scale of equipment, acceleration and capacity are continuously enlarged and improved, corresponding thermal resistance power, required freezing quantity and motor power need to be correspondingly increased, the used centrifugal cabins are all air and cooling heat in the cabins, the simulation of the centrifuges is difficult to control to reach a test cabin and a test instrument, and the safety temperature needed by a system is controlled, so a new method for reducing wind resistance power by replacing air with low-density hydrogen and replacing heat exchange outside the centrifugal cabins with heat exchange inside the cabin by replacing heat exchange outside the centrifugal cabins is provided, therefore, a principle flow of a hydrogen circulation system for heat exchange outside the cabins is provided, wherein the centrifugal cabins and the high-efficiency heat exchangers outside the cabins are mainly used for conveying and linking into closed circulation by a circulator, media for cooling hot gas in the centrifugal cabins can be water, including disposable fresh water and cooled circulating water, and also can be vaporized latent heat refrigerant or medium temperature-rising refrigerant (such as ethylene glycol) of a refrigerating machine system, the scheme of the device in the text is mainly hydrogen cooling, so a hydrogen cooling system and a hydrogen cooling heat exchanger are called in the text, but when a centrifugal machine device and a system are in non-test operation, air is in the system and the device, and the air can be used for cooling, exchanging heat and controlling temperature when the environmental temperature is low and the load is small in winter, at the moment, the action of a circulator and the heat exchanger is not changed, but the name is not limited to hydrogen, and the device in the figure is also changeable according to actual engineering projects, such as a vacuum machine or a vacuum pump. The pipeline valves and instrument points in the flow chart are not all marked, for example, except the centrifugal machine, the inlet and the outlet of each heat exchanger are respectively provided with a pressure, temperature and flow instrument.

Claims

1. A method for reducing heat and controlling temperature of a large-scale supergravity centrifugal machine is characterized in that wind resistance power generated in a centrifugal simulation test is greatly reduced by adopting low-density gas in a cabin of the centrifugal machine, the low-density gas is designed by adopting or not adopting an in-cabin cooling mode according to different structures that the centrifugal machine is a double-interlayer cabin wall or a single-layer cabin wall, and a set of extra-cabin gas cooling circulation system formed by matching with self circulation of pressure difference generated by using a circulator or centrifugal cabin centrifugal force outside the cabin, effectively reducing the temperature through water-cooling heat exchange and/or refrigerant heat exchange and then returning to the cabin of the centrifuge, solving the contradiction between the structural safety and reliability of the large-scale super-gravity centrifuge and the requirement of high heat exchange capacity of the cabin design, and meeting the good effects of energy conservation, safety, high efficiency and environmental protection that the test working temperature of the newly-built high-capacity super-gravity centrifuge reaches the national standard range.

2. The method for reducing the temperature and the heat of a large-scale supergravity centrifuge according to claim 1, wherein the low-density gas is hydrogen or air.

3. The method of claim 1, wherein the low density gas is air for low ambient temperature or low volume test in winter and hydrogen for high ambient temperature or high volume test in summer.

4. The method of claim 1, wherein when the low-density gas in the centrifuge is hydrogen, the volume percentage of hydrogen is more than 96%, the volume percentage of oxygen is less than 0.2%, and the volume percentage of hydrogen in the supplemented hydrogen is more than 99.9%.

5. The method for reducing the heat and controlling the temperature of the large-scale supergravity centrifuge according to claim 1, wherein the control working temperature of the centrifuge is 4-40 ℃, and the temperature variation amplitude is not more than 5 ℃.

6. The method for reducing and controlling the temperature of the large-scale hypergravity centrifuge according to claim 1, when the centrifuge cabin is a single-layer cabin wall, the low-density gas in the centrifuge cabin is efficiently transferred by the fin heat exchanger with high specific heat exchange area and strong heat transfer coefficient and the cabin outer gas cooling circulation system, meanwhile, the device also comprises an air blower for pressure test, an air vacuum test, gas indirect replacement, gas-water cooling heat exchange and/or gas-refrigerant heat exchange, and the on-line monitoring and control of technical parameters of a centrifugal simulation test, according to the environment temperature and centrifugal test capacity conditions of the centrifugal machine simulation test, the gas in the cooling centrifugal machine cabin is optimally selected to be water and/or refrigerant medium, and the good effects of energy conservation, safety, high efficiency and environmental protection are achieved, wherein the working temperature of the centrifugal machine test is in the range of 4-40 ℃.

7. The method for reducing the heat and controlling the temperature of the large-scale supergravity centrifuge according to claim 1, wherein the centrifuge cabin is a double-sandwich layer of inner and outer walls, the centrifuge cabin is filled with low-density gas, the double-sandwich layer of the inner and outer walls is filled with refrigerant or coolant, the refrigerant or coolant is sent to the sandwich layer of the centrifuge by a gas-refrigeration system matched with the centrifuge, and the temperature of the gas in the centrifuge cabin or/and the temperature of the gas in the cabin are cooled by the upper wall of the centrifuge cabin through a gas-refrigerant heat exchange system or a gas-water cooling heat exchange system outside the centrifuge cabin, or both are adopted.

8. The large-scale hypergravity centrifuge cooling and temperature controlling device comprises one or more hypergravity centrifuges, each centrifuge comprises a centrifuge cabin, the lower part of the centrifuge cabin is provided with a motor chamber for driving the centrifuge to rotate, the upper part of the centrifuge cabin is provided with an instrument cabin, the centrifuge is provided with a top cover plate, a horizontal rotating arm driven by a bottom motor is arranged in the centrifuge cabin, two ends of the rotating arm are hung with a work test hanging basket, the hypergravity centrifuge is a steady acceleration centrifuge for filling low-density gas-hydrogen or air in the cabin, the hypergravity centrifuge is a single-layer cabin wall or a double-interlayer wall for cooling the cabin by a refrigerant in the cabin, the cooling and temperature controlling device further comprises a gas cooling and circulating system, a gas-refrigerant heat exchanging and/or gas-water cooling and heat exchanging system, a temperature controlling device and a temperature controlling device for controlling the centrifuge cabin, The device comprises air blast pressure test equipment, air vacuumizing test equipment, an indirect replacement system and a centrifugal simulation test technical parameter online monitoring and control system, wherein the gas cooling circulation system comprises gas filling equipment and a circulator; each centrifugal cabin can perform coolant refrigeration circulation in the centrifugal cabin and/or water-cooling outside the centrifugal cabin and/or refrigerant cooling with a gas-water cooling heat exchange system and/or a gas-refrigerant heat exchange system, when the gas in the centrifugal cabin is hydrogen, the gas-water cooling heat exchange system and/or the gas-refrigerant heat exchange system is a hydrogen-water cooling heat exchange system and/or a hydrogen-refrigerant heat exchange system, when the gas in the centrifugal cabin is air, the gas-water cooling heat exchange system and/or the gas-refrigerant heat exchange system is an air-water cooling heat exchange system and/or an air-refrigerant heat exchange system, and the optimal scheme for matching the centrifugal machine and the gas cooling system is optimally simulated and selected through a PLC or DCS computer before each test, the control operation was monitored by a computer during the experiment.

9. The large-scale hypergravity centrifuge heat reduction and temperature control device according to claim 8, characterized in that the gas-water cooling heat exchange system and/or the gas-refrigerant heat exchange system adopts a fin heat exchanger with high specific heat exchange area and strong heat transfer coefficient.

10. The large-scale hypergravity centrifuge cooling and temperature controlling device according to claim 8, characterized in that the centrifuge cabin is a single wall, and the centrifuge cabin is connected with a gas-refrigerant heat exchanging system and/or a gas-water cooling heat exchanging system for cooling outside the cabin.

11. The large-scale hypergravity centrifuge heat-reducing temperature-controlling device according to claim 8, characterized in that the centrifuge cabin is a double-interlayer wall, the double-interlayer wall is filled with refrigerant or secondary refrigerant for cooling in the cabin, the double-interlayer wall is connected with a gas-refrigerant heat-exchanging system, and the interior of the centrifuge cabin is connected with a gas-refrigerant heat-exchanging system or a gas-water cooling heat-exchanging system for cooling outside the cabin.

12. The large-scale hypergravity centrifuge cooling and temperature controlling device according to claim 8, characterized in that the heat exchange tube of the water-cooling heat exchanger or the refrigerant heat exchanger adopted by the gas-water cooling heat exchange system or the gas-refrigerant heat exchange system used outside the cabin is a heat exchanger with a small diameter of 10-30mm and a high specific cooling surface.

13. The heat-reducing and temperature-controlling device for large-scale hypergravity centrifuge as claimed in claim 8, wherein the gas cooling circulation system is provided with a hydrogen recycling cabinet for recycling used hydrogen.