CN113949097A - 一种光伏电站能效分析系统 - Google Patents

一种光伏电站能效分析系统 Download PDF

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CN113949097A
CN113949097A CN202111192736.XA CN202111192736A CN113949097A CN 113949097 A CN113949097 A CN 113949097A CN 202111192736 A CN202111192736 A CN 202111192736A CN 113949097 A CN113949097 A CN 113949097A
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efficiency
photovoltaic power
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power generation
calculation
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张进
黄观
赵弘昊
周可立
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Ziquan Energy Technology Co ltd
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Jiangsu Ziquan Comprehensive Energy Service Co ltd
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/38—Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
    • H02J3/381—Dispersed generators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J13/00—Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network
    • H02J13/00006—Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network characterised by information or instructions transport means between the monitoring, controlling or managing units and monitored, controlled or operated power network element or electrical equipment
    • H02J13/00016—Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network characterised by information or instructions transport means between the monitoring, controlling or managing units and monitored, controlled or operated power network element or electrical equipment using a wired telecommunication network or a data transmission bus
    • H02J13/00017—Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network characterised by information or instructions transport means between the monitoring, controlling or managing units and monitored, controlled or operated power network element or electrical equipment using a wired telecommunication network or a data transmission bus using optical fiber
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    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J13/00—Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network
    • H02J13/00006—Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network characterised by information or instructions transport means between the monitoring, controlling or managing units and monitored, controlled or operated power network element or electrical equipment
    • H02J13/00022—Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network characterised by information or instructions transport means between the monitoring, controlling or managing units and monitored, controlled or operated power network element or electrical equipment using wireless data transmission
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    • Y04—INFORMATION OR COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES HAVING AN IMPACT ON OTHER TECHNOLOGY AREAS
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    • Y04—INFORMATION OR COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES HAVING AN IMPACT ON OTHER TECHNOLOGY AREAS
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    • Y04S40/00—Systems for electrical power generation, transmission, distribution or end-user application management characterised by the use of communication or information technologies, or communication or information technology specific aspects supporting them
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Abstract

本发明涉及光伏发电新能源技术领域，具体涉及一种光伏电站能效分析系统，包括用于对各个设备进行数据采集数据的采集模块，用于对光伏电站的上网发电量进行计算的光伏电站上网发电量计算模块，用于对各部位的能效进行计算的能效计算模块以及效能评价模块，将系统效能具化到每个能量传输环节，使电站的运行情况一目了然，围绕系统全能流环节，提供可视化效能检测，并按照效能指标分析方法对相关参数和指标进行测算，通过对测算结果的分析研究，形成对现阶段光伏发电系统完整的效能技术评价，解决了局部故障难以发现的问题。

Description

一种光伏电站能效分析系统
技术领域
本发明涉及光伏发电新能源技术领域，尤其涉及一种光伏电站能效分析系统。
背景技术
随着能源供应方式的不断变革，建立资源节约型和环境友好型社会的呼声越来越高，为满足人民群众对建设美好生活的愿望，缓解能源资源和环境的多重压力，同时也是协调社会的发展与环境保护的关系，需要大力增加清洁可再生能源的综合利用。
光伏发电具有显著的能源、环境和经济效益，是最优质的绿色能源之一。据测算，在我国平均日照条件下，光伏发电系统全寿命周期内能量回报超过其能源消耗的15倍以上。
光伏电站效能优劣取决于设计、施工质量及设备厂家性能状况，由于没有规范的光伏采集装置和行业规约的固定采集参数，导致光伏发电系统的能效监控不能起到作用，尤其在大型的光伏电站上无法对整个电站各部分独立监控，当出现局部故障时难以发现。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种光伏电站能效分析系统，对光伏电站整站和分系统效能实时分析和可视化监测，以解决局部故障难以发现的问题。
为实现上述目的，本发明提供了一种光伏电站能效分析系统，包括相互连接的光伏组件、直流汇流箱、逆变器、升压变压器、测控装置、光环网、主变压器、关口计量柜、工程师站及操作员站、服务器、防火墙模块和无线传输终端，所述光伏电站能效分析系统还包括：
数据采集模块，用于对各个设备进行数据采集；
光伏电站上网发电量计算模块，用于对光伏电站的上网发电量进行计算，计算公式为：
Figure BDA0003301844450000011
能效计算模块，用于对各部位的能效进行计算；
效能评价模块，包括系统年等效利用小时数单元和系统效能比单元，所述系统年等效利用小时数单元，用于衡量光伏发电系统交流侧发电能力，采用评价周期内的累计光伏发电系统上网电量、额定容量等指标进行测算，计算公式为：
Figure BDA0003301844450000012
所述系统效能比单元用于衡量光伏发电系统发电效率。
其中，所述能效计算模块包括前效能计算单元、侧间效能计算单元和设备效能计算单元；
所述前效能计算单元用以计算直流汇流箱至逆变器之前的效能，计算公式为：
Figure BDA0003301844450000021
所述侧间效能计算单元用以计算直流汇流箱至逆变器直流侧间的效能，计算公式为：
Figure BDA0003301844450000022
所述设备效能计算单元用以计算逆变器、升压变压器、主变压器的效能，计算公式为：
Figure BDA0003301844450000023
其中，所述光伏电站能效分析系统还包括组件效率计算模块，计算公式为：
Figure BDA0003301844450000024
其中，所述系统效能比单元采用单面组件时，单面组件系统效能比计算公式为：
Figure BDA0003301844450000025
其中，所述系统效能比单元采用双面组件时，双面组件系统效能比计算公式为：
Figure BDA0003301844450000026
其中，所述光伏电站能效分析系统还包括辐照仪模块，所述辐照仪模块设置不同的分区，按照不同典型地貌类型采用对应区域的辐照仪参数，结合对应历史数据进行匹配，以完整反映光伏电站的辐照特征水平。
其中，所述光伏电站能效分析系统还包括站控层交换机模块，所述站控层交换机模块用以对光伏电站的效能数据进行纵向比较。
本发明的一种光伏电站能效分析系统，将系统效能具化到每个能量传输环节，使电站的运行情况一目了然，围绕系统全能流环节，提供可视化效能检测，一方面可以校核设计指标，另一方面为运行提供实现节能增效的依据，为运行维护指明了方向，同时规范设备制造厂商的技术创新及市场行为；本光伏电站能效分析系统通过收集光伏发电系统相关效能分析相关基础资料，按照效能指标分析方法对相关参数和指标进行测算，通过对测算结果的分析研究，形成对现阶段光伏发电系统完整的效能技术评价，包括项目信息、基础数据、数据分析、效能参数及指标测算、评价结论等内容，解决了局部故障难以发现的问题。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例或现有技术中的技术方案，下面将对实施例或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图仅仅是本发明的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图1是本发明提供的一种光伏电站能效分析系统的网络拓扑图。
1-数据采集模块、2-光伏电站上网发电量计算模块、3-能效计算模块、31-前效能计算单元、32-侧间效能计算单元、33-设备效能计算单元、34-组件效率计算单元、35-逆变器效率计算单元、4-效能评价模块、41-系统年等效利用小时数单元、42-系统效能比单元。
具体实施方式
下面详细描述本发明的实施例，所述实施例的示例在附图中示出，其中自始至终相同或类似的标号表示相同或类似的元件或具有相同或类似功能的元件。下面通过参考附图描述的实施例是示例性的，旨在用于解释本发明，而不能理解为对本发明的限制。
请参阅图1，本发明提供一种光伏电站能效分析系统，包括相互连接的光伏组件、直流汇流箱、逆变器、升压变压器、测控装置、光环网、主变压器、关口计量柜、工程师站及操作员站、服务器、防火墙模块和无线传输终端，所述光伏电站能效分析系统还包括：
数据采集模块1，用于对各个设备进行数据采集；
所述数据采集模块1用以采集以下数据：1)基础数据如气象条件及组件参数，包括时间、环境温度、风速、光照幅度、组件背板温度；2)直流汇流箱数据：包括各组串电能、功率；3)逆变器数据：直流电流、直流电压、直流侧各支路功率、电流及电压、交流功率、温度；4)升压变压器数据，包括高压侧电流电压及功率、绕组温度；5)主变压器数据，包括变压器低压侧的电流电压及功率、高压侧的电流电压及功率、绕组温度。6)关口计量柜数据，包括电压、电流、功率。所述数据采集模块1采集各节点的现场实时数据，是效能评价系统的基础，为不额外增加系统负担，需要确定一个合理的采集频率。根据运行经验，采用正常采集、主动刷新的方式，即正常情况下，每5～10分钟进行一次数据刷新，当客户端主动发指令时当即响应，整个过程响应时间应在秒级；
光伏电站上网发电量计算模块2，用于对光伏电站的上网发电量进行计算，计算公式为：
Figure BDA0003301844450000031
式中，Ep为上网发电量，单位为kW，HA为光伏组件安装倾斜面辐射量，单位为kWh/m2，PAZ为组件安装容量，单位为kW，Es为标准条件下辐照度，单位为1kWh/m2，K为综合系统效率；
能效计算模块3，用于对各部位的能效进行计算；
所述能效计算模块3包括前效能计算单元31、侧间效能计算单元32和设备效能计算单元33；
所述前效能计算单元31用以计算直流汇流箱至逆变器之前的效能，计算公式为：
Figure BDA0003301844450000032
式中，Ed1为某一组串实时功率，单位为kW，Epd1为对应组串标准辐照下的功率，单位为kW；
所述侧间效能计算单元32用以计算直流汇流箱至逆变器直流侧间的效能，计算公式为：
Figure BDA0003301844450000041
式中，
Figure BDA0003301844450000048
为逆变器第1组直流回路实时功率，单位为kW，
Figure BDA0003301844450000047
为对应逆变器支路的直流汇流箱的实时功率，单位为kW，n为汇流箱内所接入的组串数；
所述设备效能计算单元33用以计算逆变器、升压变压器、主变压器的效能，计算公式为：
Figure BDA0003301844450000042
式中，Eout为设备输出侧实时功率，单位为kW，Ein为设备输入侧实时功率，单位为kW；
组件效率计算单元34，组件效率为在标准测试条件(电池温度25℃，辐照度1kW/m2，大气质量AM1.5)下测得的组件功率与组件面积和辐照强度乘积的比值，计算公式为：
Figure BDA0003301844450000043
式中，ηm为组件效率(％)，Pm为组件功率，单位为峰瓦(Wp)；Sm为组件单面全面积，单位为平方米(m2)；G0为标准测试条件下的辐照强度(常数＝1000W/m2)；
双面组件双面率计算单元，双面组件双面率为双面组件背面标称功率与双面组件正面功率之比，计算公式为：
Figure BDA0003301844450000044
式中，ηBiFi为双面组件双面率(％)，Prearstc为双面组件背面标称功率，单位为峰瓦(Wp)，Pfrontstc为双面组件正面功率，单位为峰瓦(Wp)；
逆变器效率计算单元35，逆变器效率包括最大转换效率和平均加权总效率，逆变器最大效率根据专业检测机构对逆变器检测认证结果确定；逆变器平均加权总效率按下列公式计算：
Figure BDA0003301844450000045
Figure BDA0003301844450000046
式中，η—定电压加权效率；ηCHN—平均加权总效率；aCHN—加权系数；ηconv,i—特定MPPT电压下逆变器测得的转化效率；ηMPPTstart,i—特定MPPT电压下逆变器测得的静态MPPT效率；N—采样数据个数，N＝即5个MPPT电压值；i为1～7数字之一，分别对应5％、10％、20％、30％、50％、75％、100％负载点；5个MPPT电压分别为UMPPMax，UMPPMin+0.7ΔU，UMPPMin+0.5ΔU，UMPPMin+0.3ΔU，UMPPMin。ΔU＝UMPPMax-UMPPMin。
效能评价模块4，包括系统年等效利用小时数单元41和系统效能比单元42，所述系统年等效利用小时数单元41，用于衡量光伏发电系统交流侧发电能力，采用评价周期内的累计光伏发电系统上网电量、额定容量等指标进行测算，计算公式为：
Figure BDA0003301844450000051
式中，A为系统年等效利用小时数，单位为小时(h)，n为光伏发电系统效能评价周期小时数，单位为小时(h)，Et为光伏发电系统评价周期内每小时发电量，单位为千瓦时(kWh)，t＝1,2…n，γ为光伏发电系统效能评价周期年数，单位为年(a)，Pac为光伏发电系统额定容量，单位为千瓦(kWp)；
所述系统效能比单元42用于衡量光伏发电系统发电效率；系统效能比指光伏发电系统上网电量与理论发电量的比值，用于衡量光伏发电系统发电效率，当电站使用双面光伏组件时，电站的理论发电量应为光伏阵列正面与背面理论发电量之和。
单面组件系统效能比计算公式为：
Figure BDA0003301844450000052
式中，PR为系统效能比指标，n为光伏发电系统效能评价周期小时数，单位为小时(h)，Ep.i为光伏发电系统评价周期内上网电量，单位为千瓦时(kWh)，t＝1,2…n，Hi为光伏发电系统评价周期内光伏组件阵列面正面上的太阳总辐照量，单位为千瓦时每平方米(kWh/m2)，i＝1,2…n；Pdc为光伏发电系统安装容量，单位为千瓦(kWp)；G0为标准条件下太阳辐照强度(常数＝1kW/m2)。
双面组件系统效能比计算公式为：
Figure BDA0003301844450000053
式中，PR为系统效能比指标；n为光伏发电系统效能评价周期小时数，单位为小时(h)；Ep.i为光伏发电系统评价周期内上网发电量，单位为千瓦时(kWh)，i＝1,2…n；Hi.f—光伏发电系统评价周期内光伏组件阵列面正面上的太阳总辐照量，单位为千瓦时每平方米(kWh/m2)，i＝1,2…n；Hi.r为光伏发电系统评价周期内光伏组件阵列面背面上的太阳总辐照量，单位为千瓦时每平方米(kWh/m2)，i＝1,2…n；Pdc.f为光伏发电系统直流侧正面安装容量，即组件正面标称功率之和，单位为千瓦(kWp)；Pdc.r为光伏发电系统直流侧背面安装容量，可由正面标称功率之和乘以双面率计算，单位为千瓦(kWp)；G0为标准条件下太阳辐照强度(常数＝1kW/m2)；
效能评价时，可使用标准条件下的系统标准效能比对光伏发电系统进行分析，系统标准效能比指标应按下式进行计算：
Figure BDA0003301844450000054
式中，PRstc为系统标准效能指标比；Kt—评价周期内温度修正系数(％)，温度修正系数计算公式如下：
Kt＝1+γ(Tmod.n-25℃) (13)；
式中，γ—组件功率相对温度系数(％)；Tmod.n—评价周期内组件运行温度，单位为摄氏度(℃)；
本光伏电站能效分析系统在计算机监控系统的基础上，将系统效能具化到每个能量传输环节，使电站的运行情况一目了然，围绕系统全能流环节，提供可视化效能检测，一方面可以校核设计指标，另一方面为运行提供实现节能增效的依据，为运行维护指明了方向，同时规范设备制造厂商的技术创新及市场行为；本光伏电站能效分析系统通过收集光伏发电系统相关效能分析相关基础资料，按照效能指标分析方法对相关参数和指标进行测算，通过对测算结果的分析研究，形成对现阶段光伏发电系统完整的效能技术评价，包括项目信息、基础数据、数据分析、效能参数及指标测算、评价结论等内容，解决了局部故障难以发现的问题。
由于一般在光伏站设置一套光功率监测系统，利用实时辐照进行同比计算，但对于大型光伏电站，特别是对于丘陵、山区等不同方位角类型地形地貌条件下，采用一套辐照仪来计算全站就显得不够精确，因此本光伏电站能效分析系统设置有多台所述辐照仪模块，所述辐照仪模块设置不同的分区，按照不同典型地貌类型采用对应区域的辐照仪参数，结合对应历史数据进行匹配，以完整反映光伏电站的辐照特征水平。
所述光伏电站能效分析系统还包括站控层交换机模块，所述站控层交换机模块用以对光伏电站的效能数据进行纵向比较；本光伏电站能效分析系统的数据传输通信采用有线方式，光伏站界区以RS485结合光缆作为通信媒介，各分散布置的数据采集装置由RS485串口接入，经由规约转换器转换至环网交换机，出口通过单模光纤专用纤芯接入升压站站控层交换机模块，接入站内监控系统；如升压站内分散数据采集装置距离监控主机站较近，可直接采用以太网方式直接接入站控层交换机模块。
以上所揭露的仅为本发明一种较佳实施例而已，当然不能以此来限定本发明之权利范围，本领域普通技术人员可以理解实现上述实施例的全部或部分流程，并依本发明权利要求所作的等同变化，仍属于发明所涵盖的范围。

Claims (7)

1.一种光伏电站能效分析系统，包括相互连接的光伏组件、直流汇流箱、逆变器、升压变压器、测控装置、光环网、主变压器、关口计量柜、工程师站及操作员站、服务器、防火墙模块和无线传输终端，其特征在于，所述光伏电站能效分析系统还包括：
数据采集模块，用于对各个设备进行数据采集；
光伏电站上网发电量计算模块，用于对光伏电站的上网发电量进行计算，计算公式为：
Figure FDA0003301844440000011
能效计算模块，用于对各部位的能效进行计算；
效能评价模块，包括系统年等效利用小时数单元和系统效能比单元，所述系统年等效利用小时数单元，用于衡量光伏发电系统交流侧发电能力，采用评价周期内的累计光伏发电系统上网电量、额定容量等指标进行测算，计算公式为：
Figure FDA0003301844440000012
所述系统效能比单元用于衡量光伏发电系统发电效率。
2.如权利要求1所述的光伏电站能效分析系统，其特征在于，
所述能效计算模块包括前效能计算单元、侧间效能计算单元和设备效能计算单元；
所述前效能计算单元用以计算直流汇流箱至逆变器之前的效能，计算公式为：
Figure FDA0003301844440000013
所述侧间效能计算单元用以计算直流汇流箱至逆变器直流侧间的效能，计算公式为：
Figure FDA0003301844440000014
所述设备效能计算单元用以计算逆变器、升压变压器、主变压器的效能，计算公式为：
Figure FDA0003301844440000015
3.如权利要求1所述的光伏电站能效分析系统，其特征在于，
所述光伏电站能效分析系统还包括组件效率计算模块，计算公式为：
Figure FDA0003301844440000016
Figure FDA0003301844440000017
4.如权利要求1所述的光伏电站能效分析系统，其特征在于，
所述系统效能比单元采用单面组件时，单面组件系统效能比计算公式为：
Figure FDA0003301844440000018
5.如权利要求1所述的光伏电站能效分析系统，其特征在于，
所述系统效能比单元采用双面组件时，双面组件系统效能比计算公式为：
Figure FDA0003301844440000019
6.如权利要求1所述的光伏电站能效分析系统，其特征在于，
所述光伏电站能效分析系统还包括辐照仪模块，所述辐照仪模块设置不同的分区，按照不同典型地貌类型采用对应区域的辐照仪参数，结合对应历史数据进行匹配，以完整反映光伏电站的辐照特征水平。
7.如权利要求1所述的光伏电站能效分析系统，其特征在于，
所述光伏电站能效分析系统还包括站控层交换机模块，所述站控层交换机模块用以对光伏电站的效能数据进行纵向比较。
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