CN113946003B - Spherical surface-based micro lens array method and optical system for shooting - Google Patents
Spherical surface-based micro lens array method and optical system for shooting Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a spherical surface-based micro-lens array method and an optical system for shooting, belonging to the technical field of photoelectric reconnaissance. On the premise that the central angles formed by the centers of two adjacent microlenses on any same latitude line are equal and the included angle of the latitude line of every two adjacent latitude lines is equal, the arrangement positions of the centers of all the microlenses on the spherical surface are determined by setting the position of the center of the first microlens. The arrangement of the micro-lenses enables the micro-lenses on the adjacent latitudinal lines to be arranged in a staggered mode, any micro-lens is used as the center to be scattered, and the micro-lenses are arranged in a hexagon mode. The micro lens array manufactured by the method is used as a part of an optical system, the precision of an imaging system of the optical system can be obviously improved, the light energy utilization rate in the area of covering a solid angle by an optical view field is improved, the loss of light field information is reduced, and the later data processing amount is simplified.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of photoelectric reconnaissance, and particularly relates to a spherical-surface-based micro-lens array method and an optical system for shooting.
Background
The world is in the era of 'information revolution', and the information acquisition advantage becomes a key factor for military battle victory and defeat. With the rapid development of the photoelectric technology, various advanced photoelectric equipment is widely used in high-technology local wars, and besides the basic imaging function, the practical requirements of the battlefield put more stringent requirements on the performance of the photoelectric reconnaissance system: the field of view is increased to realize real-time panoramic observation; improving resolution to obtain accurate interpretation of spatial information, and the like.
In the field of macroscopic optical detection, the synchronous realization of target detection with a large visual field and high resolution is required, and in the general technology of a general optical imaging system, the visual field and the resolution of the optical imaging system are always a pair of spearheads, namely the visual field is inevitably reduced while the resolution is improved; enlarging the field of view means a loss of partial resolution. Most of the conventional technologies are that a plurality of planar array microlenses are used as receiving units, the imaging method has large distortion when image splicing is carried out, the subsequent image processing data volume is large, and the requirement on system heat dissipation is high, so that the weight and the volume of the whole optical system are increased, the reliability of an imaging result is reduced, and the imaging method is not favorable for engineering application.
Conventionally, microlenses are used in general optical elements (chips) and also in imaging optical systems. However, the processing of the micro lens array cannot be truly bionic, and the micro lenses are simply and uniformly distributed on a plane or a spherical surface and then directly spliced, so that the problems of large field distortion and low resolution still exist. Meanwhile, due to the fact that the data size is large, the workload of subsequent image processing is large, and related subsequent difficulties are too many.
Therefore, at present, no method is available, which can make the arrangement structure of the micro lens array simple and convenient, is easy to manufacture and is suitable for engineering application. The effective arrangement of the micro lens array, namely the field of view is enlarged and the resolution is improved, is a technical problem.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the present invention is directed to a microlens array method based on a spherical surface and an imaging optical system fabricated by the method. The micro-lens array arrangement structure is simple and convenient, easy to manufacture and suitable for engineering application, and the problems of contradiction between field of view increase and resolution improvement of optical components and devices are solved.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a microlens array method based on spherical arrangement comprises the following steps:
the micro lenses are integrally and symmetrically arranged on the local spherical surface in an array mode according to the center of the spherical surface and are positioned at positions where included angles beta of the latitude lines between adjacent latitude lines are equal; the spherical radius is r; the included angle of the central lines of two adjacent micro lenses on any same latitude line is a spherical center included angle alpha; on the basis, the micro-lenses are arranged in an array along the longitude and latitude directions; the method comprises the following steps:
s1: setting the reference and the latitude line of the micro lens (2) distributed on the spherical surface (1);
firstly, setting the standard for arranging the micro-lenses on the spherical surface:
setting a 0-degree latitude line and a 0-degree longitude line on a spherical surface; the micro lenses are arranged in a central symmetrical array relative to the spherical surface; the central coordinate of the sphere is O (0,0,0), and the position coordinate of a point Q on any latitude line on the sphere is Q
Determining the included angle alpha of the sphere center and the included angle beta of the latitude line of the optical system according to the setting of the size and the resolution of the optical field;
next, a basic latitude line for laying the microlenses 2 is set:
symmetrically arranging 2 basic latitude lines with the latitude line of 0 degree as n being +/-1, wherein the included angle between the basic latitude lines and the latitude lines is beta; selecting a basic latitude line with n being 1 as the position of the basic latitude line where the first row of microlenses 2 is located;
again, based on the basic latitude line on which the arrangement of the microlenses 2 has been set, the other latitude lines on which the central position points of the microlenses 2 are arranged are set:
starting from n-1 basic latitude line, setting the latitude line position of the central position point of other microlenses 2 in the direction of the spherical high latitude line, so that the included angle of the latitude lines between every two adjacent latitude lines is beta; and mirroring the setting result along a 0-degree latitude plane;
s2: determining the included angle gamma n of the longitude lines of the centers of two adjacent microlenses 2 on any latitude line:
calculating the included angle of the longitude lines of the centers of two adjacent microlenses on the A-th latitude line as 2arcsin (sin (alpha/2)/cos (n-1/2) beta);
s3: setting central position points iM, M and Mi of the micro lens 2 on a basic latitude line with n being 1, wherein i is a natural number from 1 to A;
setting a central position point M of the first micro lens 2 according to the spherical center angle alpha and the spherical central point O by using a drawing method; at this time, M
Wherein λ m ═ (1-1/2) β,
s4: setting central position points iP, P and Pi of the micro lens 2 on a plane of a latitude line with n being 2, wherein i is a natural number from 1 to A;
setting a central position point M of a first microlens 2 on a latitude line with n being 2 according to a central position point M of the first microlens 2 on the latitude line with the spherical center angle alpha and n being 1 by using a drawing method;
s5: setting the central position point of the micro lens 2 on a high-latitude line with n being 3 and n being 4 … …; the step setting method is carried out one by one according to the steps of S3 and S4;
the central position point Q of the first microlens 2 on any high latitude line n is set according to the central angle alpha and the central position point of the first microlens 2 set on the latitude line n-1;
setting the positions of the central position points iQ and Qi of other microlenses 2 on the nth latitude line, and obtaining the following steps according to the step S2: γ n ═ 2arcsin (sin (α/2)/cos (n-1/2) β); then, setting iQ and Q i in sequence according to gamma n value by using the position of Q point, wherein i is a natural number from 1 to A;
setting the central position points of the microlenses 2 on all latitude lines of the finished upper hemisphere to form an upper spherical microlens position point group on the spherical surface;
s6: the position of the point group of the spherical micro-lens on the spherical surface (1) is integrally adjusted to ensure that the M point is positioned at the longitude angle of gamma 1 The position of/4; other set points follow up;
specifically, the upper spherical microlens position point group is spherically symmetrical and rotates anticlockwise according to the right-hand rule
The central position points 1M and M of the micro lens 2 are arranged on a basic latitude line with n being 1 and are symmetrical relative to a 0 DEG longitude plane of the spherical surface; then, the point group of the upper spherical microlens position is symmetrical by the spherical surface 1, and rotates counterclockwise (gamma) by the right-hand rule 1 /4)；
S7: arranging the upper spherical microlens position point group on a set latitude line of a lower hemisphere of the spherical surface 1 in a manner that the spherical surface 1 is centrosymmetric to form a lower spherical microlens position point group;
s8: the position of the spherical surface (1) is used as the position point group of the spherical surface micro-lens under the overall adjustment, so that the central position points of the micro-lenses (2) arranged on the basic latitude line with n being-1 and n being 1 are staggered by an angle (gamma/2) in the latitude plane;
specifically, the lower spherical microlens position point group is symmetrical about a spherical surface 1, and is rotated clockwise (γ/2) by a right-hand rule, so that the central position point of the microlens 2 is arranged on a basic latitude line with n being-1 and n being 1, and the shift angle in a latitude plane is (γ/2);
and the upper spherical micro-lens position point group and the lower spherical micro-lens position point group form a micro-lens array based on spherical arrangement.
Further, in the microlens array method based on spherical arrangement, the setting step of the M point in S3 includes:
taking the center O (0,0,0) of the spherical surface as a vertex, and taking a connecting line of 0-degree intersection points of the warps and the wefts as a central axis to serve as a cone with a central angle alpha in a 0-degree latitude line plane; the cone and n being 1Intersecting the lines to form 4 intersection points, taking one of the points as the M point, and taking the M point as a position point for arranging the first micro lens 2; setting the coordinate value of M as M (theta) M ，。 M R) when θ is known M ＝β/2、α；
Further, in the microlens array method based on the spherical arrangement, the step of setting other microlens (2) position points on the basic latitude line where n is 1, that is, the iM … … 2M, 1M, 2M … … Mi points in S5, includes:
calculating longitude included angles gamma n of central position points of 2 adjacent microlenses 2 on a basic latitude line with n being 1, and sequentially setting; the included longitude angles gamma n on each latitude line are different; wherein γ 1 ═ 2arcsin (sin (α/2)/cos (1/2) β) on the nth 1-th line of latitude;
on a plane of a basic latitude line with n being 1, taking the central angle of two adjacent microlenses 2 in the latitude plane as gamma 1, directly dividing the latitude line with n being 1 into 1M and M1, 2M and M2 … … iM and Mi;
or, a cone with OM as the central axis and the central angle of 2 α, which intersects with the basic latitude line with n being 1 to form 1M and M1; then, cones with central angles of 2 α are respectively made with O1M and OM1 as central axes, and 2M and M2 are intersected with the basic latitude line with n being 1 in the direction away from the M point;
by analogy, the central point positions of the microlenses 2 are distributed on the basic latitude line with n being 1, wherein the central point positions are iM … … 2M, 1M, M, 1M and 2M … … Mi respectively;
further, in the microlens array method based on the spherical arrangement, in S6, the setting step of setting the 1 st setting point of the 1 st microlens, i.e., the P point, on the latitude line where n is 2 includes:
setting the layout point of the 1 st micro lens on the latitude line with n being 2: the longitude line of point 1M, M is divided into two lines, and the longitude line has an intersection point P with the latitude line n equal to 2.
Further, in the microlens array method based on the spherical arrangement, in S6, the step of setting the central position point of the other microlenses 2 on the latitudinal line with n-2, that is, the Pi points of iP … … 2P, 1P, P1 and P2 … …, includes:
calculating included angle γ 2 of longitude of center position points of adjacent 2 microlenses 2 on the latitude line of n-2, where γ 2 is 2arcsin (sin (α/2)/cos (3/2) β); taking the central angle of 2 adjacent microlenses 2 in the latitude plane as gamma 2, and directly dividing 1P and P1, 2P and P2 … … iP and Pi on the latitude line of which n is 2;
or, a cone with a central angle of 2 α centered on OP as a central axis, the cone intersecting with a latitude line with n-2 to form a 1P point and a P1; cones with central angles of 2 alpha by taking O1P and OP1 as central axes respectively; the two cones intersect the latitude line of n-2 at points 2P and P2 in a direction away from point P; by analogy, positions of points where the microlenses are arranged on the latitudinal line with n being 2 are iP … … 2P, 1P, P, 1P, and 2P … … Pi, respectively;
completing the setting of the arrangement points of the micro lenses on the plane of the latitude line with n-2;
further, the step of setting the central position point of the microlens 2 on the latitude line where n is 1 and n is 2 is repeated to obtain the central position point of the microlens 2 arranged on the nth latitude line.
In the microlens array method based on spherical arrangement in S1, the relevant steps may be replaced with: setting a basic latitude line with 1-n microlens as a 0-degree latitude line, symmetrically setting a central position point 1M point and a central position point M point of a first row of microlenses 2 on a 0-degree latitude plane as a symmetrical central plane, setting central angles of the two points as alpha, and setting central position points iM and Mi of other microlenses 2 according to the included angle of the longitude line of the latitude line as alpha; repeating S4 and S5, taking the clip angle of the adjacent latitude lines as a central included angle alpha, and upwards setting the central position point of each micro lens 2 on the high latitude line; setting a finished upper spherical micro-lens position point group; and repeating S7-S8 to complete the upper spherical micro-lens position point group and the lower spherical micro-lens position point group which are distributed in a staggered mode on the whole to form the micro-lens array based on spherical arrangement.
An optical system for image pickup includes a main imaging optical system 3, a relay lens array 4, and a detector array 5; the relay lens array 4 is an array on which microlenses manufactured by the microlens array method of the present invention are mounted.
Further, in the imaging optical system, the field angle of each microlens is 16.4 ° x12.5 °, and the effective field angle is 12.5 ° x10.84 °; the relay lens array 4 is composed of 30 microlens arrays, and the array base number is 5 × 6.
Further, in the imaging optical system, the field of view of the main imaging optical system 3 is 60 ° × 60 °; the detector is a group of circuit boards with CMOS chips.
Compared with the prior art, the invention can at least realize one of the following technical effects:
1. the method is a method for arranging the microlenses along the longitude and latitude line arrays based on the spherical bodies, can effectively improve the utilization rate of light energy and reduce the loss of light field information in the area of covering a solid angle in an optical view field, thereby reducing the design difficulty of an optical system and reducing the subsequent image processing data volume;
2. the method can lead the arrangement structure of the micro lens array to be simple and convenient, is easy to manufacture and is suitable for engineering application;
3. the optical system for shooting, which is manufactured by the method, can obviously improve the light energy utilization rate in the area of covering a solid angle by an optical view field and reduce the loss of light field information.
Additional features and advantages of the invention will be set forth in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by the practice of the invention. The objectives and other advantages of the invention will be realized and attained by the structure particularly pointed out in the written description and drawings.
Drawings
The drawings are only for purposes of illustrating particular embodiments and are not to be construed as limiting the invention, wherein like reference numerals are used to designate like parts throughout.
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of an example of the arrangement of a microlens array according to the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the arrangement position of the central point of the microlens 2 according to the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the working principle of the optical system for image pickup manufactured by the method of the present invention
FIG. 4 is schematic reference numbers illustrating angle designations: 1-spherical surface; 2-a microlens; 3-a main imaging optical system; 4-a lens array; 5-detector alignment; 6-a detector; r-spherical radius; alpha-center of sphere included angle; q-the central point of any microlens on the sphere; a lambada-Q point latitude angle;
-Q point longitude angle; beta-the included angle of the latitude lines of two adjacent latitude lines; gamma ray n -the included angle of the longitude lines of the centers of two adjacent microlenses on the same latitude line; n-the serial numbers of latitude lines which are arranged in the high latitude directions at two sides in sequence by taking the set basic latitude line as the 1 st latitude line; A. a natural number; o-sphere center point; the center of the circle on the O1/O2/03-latitude line; A/B/A1/B1/A2/B2/A3/B3/-the intersection of the latitude line on the sphere with the non-0 ° longitude plane; C1/C2/C3-the intersection of each latitude line on the sphere and the longitude plane of 0 degrees; a setting position point of the central position point of the micro lens 2 on a latitude line of 4M/3M/2M/1M/M/M1/M2/M1/M2/-n ═ 1; a setting position point of the central position point of the micro lens 2 on a latitude line of 2, wherein 3P/2P/1P/P/P1/P2/P3-n is; the setting position point of the central position point of the micro lens 2 on the 3-latitude line is/2S/1S/S/S1/S2/S2/S3-n; q-center point of microlens set on any latitude line.
Detailed Description
The method of the present invention for arranging an array of latitudinal and longitudinal lines based on spherical bodies is described in further detail below with reference to specific examples, which are provided for purposes of comparison and explanation only and to which the present invention is not limited.
First, according to fig. 4, the angles involved in the present invention are defined:
∠A 1 OB 1 ＝∠A 2 OB 2 ＝∠A 3 OB 3 ＝∠A i OB i α (the included angles of the center lines of two adjacent microlenses on any same latitude line are included angles of the centers of spheres), wherein i is a natural number from 1 to i.
∠A 1 OA＝∠B 1 OB＝∠Q 1 OQ ═ lambda (latitude angle)
∠A 1 O 1 B 1 ＝∠A 2 O 2 B 2 ＝∠A 3 O 3 B 3 ＝γ n (included angle of longitude lines of centers of two adjacent microlenses on the same latitude line)
∠A 1 OA 2 ＝∠B 1 OB 2 Beta (latitude line angle of two adjacent latitude lines)
The method of the present invention is described in more detail with reference to FIGS. 1 to 3, in more specific embodiments:
as shown in fig. 3, an imaging optical system includes a main imaging optical system 3, a relay microlens array 4, and a detector array 5, which are arranged in this order.
As shown in fig. 1-2, the relay microlens array 4 includes a plurality of microlenses 2. The relay micro-lens array 4 adopts a micro-lens array method based on a spherical surface, and a plurality of micro-lenses 2 are arranged on the spherical surface 1. The distribution pattern of the center points of the microlenses 2 is shown in fig. 2.
The detector array 5 comprises a number of detectors 6, which is the same as the number of microlenses 2.
The main imaging optical system 3 employs an objective lens cemented into a spherical shape. The objective lens is a spherical lens formed by bonding four pieces of geometrically designed glass; imaging the objective lens of the main imaging optical system 3 as a main objective lens at a secondary image plane (i.e., a focal plane imaged by each microlens 2 in the relay microlens array) enables an image with less distortion to be obtained with a larger imaging field of view. Specifically, the relay microlens array 4 is distributed on a secondary image surface of optical imaging, receives imaging information and performs secondary imaging on the detector array 5, each relay lens corresponds to one detector 6, so that a plurality of high-resolution images are obtained, and finally, a high-quality image with a large view field, high resolution and small distortion is obtained through image processing.
The present embodiment preferably relays the microlens array system of the microlens array 4, inputting parameters according to the optical design. The specific parameters of the specific embodiment are as follows; the optical path passing through the micro lens 2 is divided into 30 paths in total, so that a field of view with the distribution coverage of 60 degrees multiplied by 60 degrees is realized; the field angle of a single micro lens 2 is 16.4 degrees multiplied by 12.5 degrees, in order to ensure a certain field overlapping degree and obtain the whole machine image splicing quality, the effective field angle of the single micro lens is 12.5 degrees multiplied by 10.84 degrees, and the array base number is 5 multiplied by 6.
Referring to fig. 1-2, the method of the microlens array based on the spherical surface is specifically as follows:
s1: setting a reference and a latitude line where the micro lens 2 is arranged on the spherical surface 1;
first, a reference for arranging the microlenses 2 on the spherical surface 1 is set:
a latitude line of 0 ° and a longitude line of 0 ° are set on the spherical surface 1. The 5 × 6-30 microlenses 2 are arranged in a sphere-based microlens array method. First, the center coordinate of the spherical surface 1 is set to be O (0,0,0), and the spherical center angle α of the optical system and the latitudinal line angle β of the optical system are determined to be 12.5 ° and 10.84 ° according to the requirements of the known optical system for imaging.
Next, setting a basic latitude line for laying the central point position of the microlens 2:
symmetrical bilateral symmetry beta/2 of 0 degree latitude line is 10.84 degree is 5.42 degree 0 Setting 2 basic latitude lines with n ═ 1, and selecting basic latitude line with n ═ 1 (i.e. 5.42) 0 Latitude lines) are set as latitude line positions where the first row of microlenses 2 are respectively symmetrical and bilaterally symmetrical relative to 0-degree latitude;
thirdly, setting a latitude line with n >1 of the central point position of the micro lens 2 based on the set basic latitude line of the central point position of the micro lens 2:
from the base latitude line of n-1 (i.e. 5.42) 0 Latitude lines) are arranged, the positions of the latitude lines where the central points of other microlenses 2 are located are arranged towards the high latitude line direction of the spherical surface 1, so that the included angle of the latitude lines between every two adjacent latitude lines is beta-10.84 degrees, 2 latitude lines are arranged in total, namely n-2 and n-3 latitude lines are arranged, the arrangement result is mirrored along a 0-degree latitude plane, and 6 latitude lines are arranged in total;
the micro lens 2 is also a ball lens, and the axes of the 30-path micro lens 2 pass through the center O of the spherical surface 1 and are arranged symmetrically about the center of the spherical surface 1.
S2: determining the central line included angle gamma n of the central point positions of two adjacent micro lenses 2 on any latitude line:
calculating the included angle of the center lines of the centers of two adjacent microlenses 2 on the 6 th latitude line as follows: γ n ═ 2arcsin (sin (α/2)/cos (n-1/2) β); wherein n is +/-1, n is +/-2, and n is +/-3; accordingly, γ 1 ± 5.42 °, γ 2 ± 16.26 ° and γ 3 ± 27.1 ° are obtained according to the formula.
Specifically, when the horizontal symmetrical section of the spherical surface 1 is a 0 ° latitude line plane, when the difference between the high and low angles β of two adjacent latitude lines is 10.84 °, the microlenses 2 can be arranged on ± 5.42 °, ± 16.26 °, ± 27.1 ° latitude lines respectively.
In the present embodiment, the microlens 2 is provided by three-dimensional design software, preferably NX, a spherical surface 1 having a coordinate point O (0,0,0) and r of 250mm is created, 6 latitude lines are cut on the spherical surface 1 by latitude planes of ± 5.42 °, ± 16.26 °, and ± 27.1 ° with reference to the coordinate point O (0,0,0), and the latitude lines of the microlens 2 are laid out by 6 lines of n of-3, -2, -1, 2, and 3, respectively.
Latitude lines for setting the microlenses 2 are laid out, and then the longitude position of the central position point of each microlens 2 on the spherical surface 1 is set for each latitude line.
S3: setting central position points iM, M and Mi of the micro lens (2) on a basic latitude line with n being 1, wherein i is a natural number from 1 to A;
in this embodiment, i is 1 and 2. And i can also be 3 to prevent left-right imbalance. As shown in fig. 1.
When n is 1, i.e. β/2 is 5.42 ° on the latitude line, the M point is set: taking a coordinate point O (0,0,0) as a central point, making a cone with the sphere center included angle alpha being 12.5 degrees, intersecting 2 points with a latitude line with n being 1, and taking one of the points as an M point.
Calculating the included angle gamma of the longitude of the central position points of two adjacent microlenses 2 on the latitude line with n being 1 1 2arcsin (sin (12.5 °/2)/cos (10.84 °/2)) -12.56 °, by γ 1 3M, 2M, 1M, M1, 2M, M2 were arranged in 12.56 ° order. Specifically, a cone with a cone angle of 2 × 12.56 ° -25.12 ° is made with OM as an axis and O as a center, and two intersection points of the cone and a latitude line with n ═ 1 are 1M, M1 points respectively; and then, taking 1M, M1 as an axis and O as a center, making a cone with a cone angle of 2 × 12.56 ° -25.12 °, wherein two intersection points of the cone and a latitude line with n ═ 1 are 3M, M3 points. In the distribution method shown in FIG. 1, only 3M dots are taken out of the 3M, M3 dots.
S4: setting central position points iP, P and Pi of the micro lens 2 on a plane of a latitude line with n being 2, wherein i is a natural number from 1 to A;
in this embodiment, the central point of the microlens 2 on the plane of the latitude line where n is 2 is set to 5 points in total of 2P, 1P, P, P1, and P2;
setting the central position point P of the first microlens 2 on the plane of the latitude line where n is 2:
when n is 2, i.e., on the latitude line of 16.26 °, point P is set: taking a coordinate point O (0,0,0) as a central point, making a cone with the sphere center included angle alpha being 12.5 degrees, and intersecting with a latitude line with n being 2 to form 2 points. One of them is taken as the P point.
A method for calculating a longitude angle γ 2 of center position points of two adjacent microlenses 2 on the n-2 latitude line as 2arcsin (sin (12.5 °/2)/cos (16.26 °) as 13.02 °, and arranging 2P, 1P, P1, and P2 in order of γ 2 as 13.02 °, is the same as the step S3;
s5: setting the central position point of the micro lens 2 on a 3-latitude line;
in this embodiment, the central point of the microlens 2 on the plane of the latitude line where n is 3 is set to 4 points in total of 1S, S, S1 and S2;
the step setting method is carried out one by one according to the steps of S3 and S4;
when n is 3, i.e., on the latitude line of 27.1 °, the S point is set: a coordinate point O (0,0,0) is taken as a central point to make a cone with an included angle α of 12.5 degrees of the sphere center, and 2 points are intersected with a latitude line with n being 3. One of them is taken as the S point.
A method for calculating a longitude angle γ 2 of center positions of two adjacent microlenses 2 on the n-3 latitude line as 2arcsin (sin (12.5 °/2)/cos (27.1 °) as 14.05 °, and setting 2S, 1S, S1, and S2 in the order of γ 3 ° as 14.05 °, is the same as the step S3;
setting 15 central position points of the microlenses 2 on 3 latitude lines of the upper sphere 1 to form an upper sphere microlens position point group on the sphere 1;
s6: the upper spherical microlens position point group is symmetrical by a spherical surface 1 and rotates clockwise by a right-hand rule
The central position points 1M and M of the micro lens 2 are arranged on the basic latitude line with the n being 1 and are symmetrical relative to the 0-degree longitude plane of the spherical surface 1, and are respectively positioned at the two sides of the 0-degree longitude plane and at the positions with the longitude angles of gamma/2 being 6.28 degrees, so that the upper spherical micro lens position point group is driven to be arranged in the center of the spherical surface 1.
S7: arranging an upper spherical micro-lens position point group on 3 latitude lines of a lower hemisphere of a spherical surface (1) in a manner of central symmetry of the spherical surface (1) to form a lower spherical micro-lens position point group;
s8: the lower spherical microlens position point group is symmetrical about spherical 1, and is rotated counterclockwise by the right-hand rule (γ/2) to 6.28 °, so that the lower spherical microlens position point group is shifted by an angle of (γ/2) to 6.28 ° in the latitudinal plane with respect to the upper spherical microlens position point group.
To this end, the central position point of the microlens 2 with the array base number of 5 × 6 constitutes a microlens array based on spherical arrangement; the array layout of the microlenses 2 is completed for a total of 30 dots.
The specific process can be summarized as follows:
in each latitude line plane, the included angle of the sphere centers of the adjacent microlenses 2 in each latitude line plane is alpha which is 12.5 degrees, when the corresponding latitude line plane n can be calculated to be respectively +/-5.42 degrees, +/-16.26 degrees and +/-27.1 degrees, the included angle gamma of the longitude of the centers of the two adjacent microlenses 2 in each latitude line can be calculated n 2arcsin (sin (α/2)/cos (n-1/2) β), each: 12.56 °, 13.02 °, 14.05 °.
In the embodiments according to the invention, steps S1 and S2, S3 set n-1, n-2 and n-3, i.e. on three latitude lines with latitudes of 5.42 °, 16.26 ° and 27.1 °After M, P, S points, the central position points of the microlenses 2 on the respective latitude lines can be respectively arranged according to the longitude included angles γ n on the three latitude lines being 12.56 °, 13.02 ° and 14.05 °. The setting mode of the Q point of the central position point of other micro-lenses 2 on each latitude line is that the included angle gamma of the longitude of the central position points of the adjacent 2 micro-lenses 2 on the same latitude line n And setting in sequence.
Central position latitude angle λ and longitude angle behind microlens 2 array of this example 1
The calculated values are shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1
Example 2:
this embodiment is a mapping method, i.e. a volume of the spherical surface 1 with r of 250mm is created using three-dimensional design software, preferably NX software.
In NX, the operation procedure of embodiment 1 is performed. And (3) capturing the three-dimensional coordinate value of the central position of each microlens 2 arranged on the spherical surface 1 on the digital model for the actual point distribution reference of each microlens 2.
Example 3:
as shown in fig. 3: an array of microlenses 2 is arranged in the method of the invention to form a relay microlens array 4. An imaging optical system includes a main imaging optical system 3, a relay microlens array 4, and a detector array 5, and the positional relationship of the three is calculated and set by coupling the focus parameters of the respective optical elements. The detector 6 is a group of circuit boards with CMOS chips and is arranged at the focal plane of the single micro-lens array. The microlens array divides 30 paths in total, and a 60-degree multiplied by 60-degree field of view is realized.
The field angle of the single micro lens 2 is 16.4 degrees x12.5 degrees, and the effective field angle is 12.5 degrees x10.84 degrees; the relay lens array 4 is formed by an array of 30 microlenses 2, and the array base number is 5 × 6.
The relay microlens array 4 in the optical system of the present embodiment is set using the microlens array method based on the spherical arrangement of the present invention. Compared with the relay micro-lens array 4 manufactured by using the traditional planar quadrilateral array point distribution mode, the method has the following obvious beneficial effects:
1) the pattern distortion is small: the relay micro-lens array 4 is arranged by a micro-lens array method based on spherical arrangement, so that the graph distortion obtained by the optical system is less than 1%, and the precision of the imaging system of the optical system can be effectively improved;
2) no field-of-view blind area: the optical system has no view field blind area in the area of the optical view field covering solid angle. The secondary image surface formed by the light rays passing through the main imaging system is also spherical, so that the relay micro-lens array 4 arranged by the array method based on the micro-lens array method of spherical arrangement can effectively receive the light field information of the secondary image surface, and further the loss of the light field information is reduced;
3) the later data processing amount is small: the small graphic distortion simplifies the processing data amount of graphic distortion optimized by an algorithm during image processing, and the hexagonal dense arrangement reduces the field overlapping area between the micro lenses, thereby reducing the data processing amount of searching repeated feature points by a later algorithm.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present invention can be easily obtained, and the microlens array with any microlens as a center and all of the microlenses forming a hexagonal arrangement is also covered by the scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. A microlens array method based on spherical arrangement is characterized in that: the micro lenses (2) are integrally and symmetrically arrayed on the latitude lines of the spherical surface (1) in the center of the spherical surface (1), and the included angle of the latitude lines between every two adjacent latitude lines is beta; the radius of the spherical surface (1) is r; the included angle of the central lines of two adjacent micro lenses (2) on any same latitude line is the included angle alpha of the sphere center; the method for arranging the micro lenses (2) in the array along the longitude and latitude directions comprises the following steps:
s1: setting the reference and the latitude line of the micro lens (2) distributed on the spherical surface (1);
s2: determining the included angle gamma n of the longitude lines of the centers of two adjacent microlenses (2) on any latitude line, wherein n is a natural number;
s3: setting central position points iM, M and Mi of the micro lens (2) on a basic latitude line with n being 1 by using a mapping method, wherein i is a natural number of 1-A, and A is a natural number;
the drawing method setting step of the M points comprises the following steps:
taking the center O (0,0,0) of the spherical surface (1) as a vertex, and taking a connecting line of a 0-degree warp and weft intersection point and O as a central axis to form a cone with a central angle alpha in a 0-degree latitude line plane; the cone and the basic latitude line with n being 1 are intersected to form 2 intersection points, one of the intersection points is taken as the M point and is used as a central position point for arranging the 1 st micro lens (2); setting the coordinate value of M as M
θ M ＝β/2，
S4: setting central position points iP, P and Pi of the micro lens (2) on a plane of a latitude line with n being 2;
s5: setting the central position point of the micro lens (2) on the high-latitude line with n being 3 and n being 4 … …,
forming an upper spherical microlens position point group on the spherical surface (1);
s6: the position of the spherical surface (1) is used as the point group of the spherical micro-lens on the whole body to adjust the position of the M point to the angle of the longitude gamma 1 The position of/4; other set points follow up;
s7: arranging an upper spherical micro-lens position point group on a corresponding latitude line of a lower hemisphere of a spherical surface (1) in a manner that the spherical surface (1) is centrosymmetric to form a lower spherical micro-lens position point group;
s8: the position of the spherical surface (1) is used as a spherical surface microlens position point group under the integral adjustment, so that the central position point of the microlens (2) is arranged on a basic latitude line with n being-1 and n being 1, and the staggered angle in the latitude plane is gamma/2;
the upper spherical micro lens position point group and the lower spherical micro lens position point group form a micro lens array arranged based on a spherical surface (1).
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the step of mapping the positions of the central points of the other microlenses (2) arranged on the base latitude line of n-1 in S3 comprises:
the central points of the other micro lenses (2) are iM and Mi, wherein i is a natural number from 1 to A;
included angle of longitude gamma on each latitude line n Different, the included angle gamma of longitude of the central points of the adjacent 2 microlenses (2) on the latitude line of each strip is calculated in sequence n (ii) a Wherein γ is the same as γ on the latitude line of 1 st 1 ＝2arcsin(sin(α/2)/cos(1/2)β)；
On a plane of a basic latitude line with n being 1, the central angle of two adjacent micro lenses (2) in the latitude plane is gamma 1, and on the latitude line with n being 1, iM, M and Mi are directly divided, wherein i is a natural number from 1 to A.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the step of setting the 1 st microlens (2) center point P on the latitude line with n-2 in S4 comprises: a median longitude plane is defined as the longitude plane where point 1M, M is located, and the intersection of the longitude plane and the latitude line where n is 2 is P.
4. The method of claim 3, wherein the step of mapping the position of the center point of the other microlens (2) on the latitude line where n is 2 in S4 comprises:
the central points of the other microlenses (2) are iP and Pi, wherein i is a natural number of 1-A;
calculating the included angle gamma of the longitude of the central points of the adjacent 2 microlenses (2) on the latitude line of n-2 2 (ii) a Wherein, γ 2 ＝2arcsin(sin(α/2)/cos(3/2)β)；
The central angle of the adjacent 2 microlenses 2 in the latitudinal plane is gamma 2 And directly segmenting iP and Pi on a latitude line of n-2.
5. The method of claim 4, wherein the steps of claim 4 are repeated to obtain the central position point of the microlens (2) arranged on the A-th latitude line by the graph method.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein in S1, the basic latitude line is set as follows:
setting a basic latitude line with 1-n arranged microlenses (2) as a 0-degree latitude line, taking a 0-degree longitude plane as a symmetrical center plane at 0-degree latitude, symmetrically setting center points 1M and M of a first row of microlenses (2) at a center angle (alpha/2), and setting center points iM and Mi of other microlenses (2) according to an included angle of the longitude line of the latitude line alpha;
repeating S4 and S5, taking the clip angle of the adjacent latitude lines as a central included angle alpha, upwards setting the central point position of each micro lens (2) on the high latitude line, and setting a point group for finishing the position of the upper spherical micro lens;
and repeating the steps S7-S8 to complete the microlens array which is distributed based on the spherical surface (1) and is formed by the upper spherical microlens position point group and the lower spherical microlens position point group which are distributed in a staggered mode on the whole.
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