CN113945760A - Electric automobile insulation resistance detecting system - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses an insulation resistance detection system of an electric automobile, which comprises: detection device, detection device includes: a control unit; the first bias resistor is arranged between the positive pole of the power supply and the ground, and the second bias resistor is arranged between the negative pole of the power supply and the ground; the third voltage-dividing resistor and the first voltage-dividing resistor are arranged between the positive electrode of the power supply and the ground and are connected in series, and the fourth voltage-dividing resistor and the second voltage-dividing resistor are arranged between the negative electrode of the power supply and the ground and are connected in series; the first voltage acquisition unit and the second voltage acquisition unit are respectively connected with the control unit; the first voltage acquisition unit is used for acquiring the voltage of the first divider resistor; the second voltage acquisition unit is used for acquiring the voltage of the second divider resistor; the control unit determines the value of the insulation resistance of the positive bus bar to the ground and the value of the insulation resistance of the negative bus bar to the ground according to the voltage of the first divider resistor and the voltage of the second divider resistor. The system can realize accurate detection of the insulation resistance of the electric automobile.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of insulation resistance detection, in particular to an insulation resistance detection system of an electric automobile.
Background
In recent years, non-renewable energy is over-exploited, and part of resources are exhausted, so that the pure electric vehicle becomes a mainstream new energy project. As the voltage platform of the pure electric vehicle belongs to B-level voltage (60v-1500v), and the personal safety of a contacter can be threatened by the direct contact with a human body, the motility of the vehicle and the insulation problem under high voltage need to be considered when a high-voltage system is designed. In actual use, due to vibration of the vehicle; thermal aging and photo aging of the insulating material; the high voltage system may have reduced or failed insulation performance due to problems such as friction damage. Once the insulation performance is reduced or even fails, the high-voltage battery pack and a chassis of a vehicle form a circuit loop, and the running safety of the vehicle and the personal safety of drivers and passengers are seriously threatened along with the rise of the potential. When the insulation performance at multiple points between the high-voltage battery pack and the chassis is reduced, a heat accumulation effect is highly likely to be caused, causing the vehicle to self-ignite. Therefore, the function of monitoring the insulation performance of the whole vehicle high-voltage electrical system is the core content which must be considered when designing a pure electric vehicle, and has important significance for the personal safety of driving and riding, the operation of equipment and the operation of vehicles.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides an electric automobile insulation resistance detection system, which can realize accurate detection of the electric automobile insulation resistance and ensure the insulation performance of a whole automobile high-voltage electrical system.
Therefore, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
an electric vehicle insulation resistance detection system, the system comprising: a detection device, the detection device comprising:
a control unit;
a first bias resistor R arranged between the positive electrode of the power supply and the ground1A second bias resistor R arranged between the negative pole of the power supply and the ground2(ii) a At the positive pole of the power supply and the first bias resistor R1A third switch S is connected in series between3And a first switch S1(ii) a At ground and a second bias resistor R2A second switch S is connected in series between2；
A third voltage dividing resistor R arranged between the positive electrode of the power supply and the ground and connected in series13And a first voltage dividing resistor R11A fourth voltage dividing resistor R arranged between the negative electrode of the power supply and ground and connected in series14And a second voltage dividing resistor R12；
The first voltage acquisition unit and the second voltage acquisition unit are respectively connected with the control unit; the first voltage acquisition unit is used for acquiring a first divider resistor R11Voltage of (d); the second voltage acquisition unit is used for acquiring a second voltage dividing resistor R12Voltage of (d);
the control unit is based on a first divider resistance R11Voltage and second voltage dividing resistor R12Determines the insulation resistance R of the positive bus to groundpValue of (d), and insulation resistance R of negative bus to groundnAnd taking the smaller value as the detection value of the insulation resistance of the electric automobile.
Optionally, the control unit is a single chip microcomputer;
the first switch, the second switch and the third switch are all relays, one end of each relay is grounded, and the other end of each relay is connected with an I/O port of the single chip microcomputer.
Optionally, a first voltage dividing resistor R11And a fourth voltage dividing resistor R14All are sliding varistors.
Optionally, the first voltage collecting unit includes: a first voltage follower circuit; the second voltage collecting unit includes: and the second voltage follower circuit and the inverse proportion amplifying circuit are connected in series.
Optionally, the detection apparatus further comprises: and the display unit is connected with the control unit and is used for displaying the voltage value sampled every time and the insulation resistance value of the positive bus and the negative bus to the ground.
Optionally, the detection apparatus further comprises: the alarm unit is connected with the control unit;
the control unit is used for triggering the alarm unit to give an alarm according to the detection value of the insulation resistance of the electric automobile.
Optionally, the alarm unit comprises: the LED lamp and the buzzer are connected in parallel;
when the insulation strength of the insulation resistor of the electric automobile is smaller than a primary alarm threshold value, the control unit triggers the LED lamp to light and alarm;
when the insulation strength of the insulation resistor of the electric automobile is smaller than a secondary alarm threshold value, the control unit triggers the buzzer to sound for alarm.
Optionally, the control unit is further configured to control the third switch, the first switch, and the second switch to be turned off when the insulation strength of the insulation resistor of the electric vehicle is smaller than a secondary alarm threshold value.
Optionally, the system further comprises: an upper computer;
the control unit communicates with an upper computer through a serial communication interface, and comprises: receiving a control instruction of an upper computer, and calculating the insulation resistance R of the positive bus to the groundpValue of (d), and insulation resistance R of negative bus to groundnThe value of (2) is transmitted to the upper computer.
Optionally, the system further comprises: a user terminal;
the control unit communicates with the user terminal through a wireless interface, including: the calculated insulation resistance R of the positive bus to the groundpValue of (d), and insulation resistance R of negative bus to groundnIs transmitted to the user terminal.
According to the insulation resistance detection system for the electric automobile, provided by the embodiment of the invention, the resistance value of the insulation resistance is calculated by setting the bias resistance and the divider resistance and acquiring the voltages on the two divider resistances under different states of the corresponding switch. The scheme of the invention has simple structure, and can conveniently and quickly realize the detection of the insulation resistance of the electric automobile.
Furthermore, the voltage dividing resistor is designed to be a sliding rheostat, so that the detection of the insulation resistance can be completed under different power supply voltages, namely, the insulation resistance of the electric vehicle with different power supply voltages can be measured, and the adaptability of the system is improved.
Furthermore, by arranging the alarm unit, when the resistance value of the automobile insulation resistor is detected to be smaller than the set threshold value, an alarm is given, so that a user or a detector can be effectively reminded to replace the insulation resistor or directly disconnect the power supply voltage.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a prior art electrical system framework for a pure electric vehicle;
FIG. 2 is a block diagram of a detecting device in the insulation resistance detecting system of the electric vehicle according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the insulation resistance detection device in the insulation resistance detection system of the electric vehicle according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a block diagram of another structure of a detection device in the insulation resistance detection system of the electric vehicle according to the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a flowchart of an insulation resistance detection method for an electric vehicle according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The electrical system of the pure electric vehicle is generally divided into a high-voltage system and a low-voltage system. The high-voltage system is supplied with power by a storage battery and mainly comprises: driving motor, air conditioning system, DC/DC system and other high power parts. The low-voltage system is generally 12V or 24V and mainly supplies power to components such as wipers, lamps and vehicle controllers. FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a frame of an electric system of a pure electric vehicle.
In an insulation resistance detection system of a pure electric vehicle, the definition of insulation resistance is as follows: and when a certain point between the high-voltage battery pack and the chassis is short-circuited, the resistance corresponding to the maximum leakage current. The voltage of a high-voltage battery pack in the pure electric vehicle belongs to B-level voltage (60V-1500V), and the generated current can reach dozens of amperes in the running process of the vehicle. Therefore, when designing a pure electric vehicle, the problem of insulation performance between the vehicle body and internal devices must be considered, and the design must strictly comply with the safety precaution standard of the electric vehicle and related national standards to ensure the personal safety of drivers and passengers. The national standard GB/T18384-2015 has a clear specification, and when the electric automobile is in a maximum working voltage state, the insulation strength of a direct-current high-voltage circuit in the automobile should meet the condition that the insulation strength is greater than or equal to 100 omega/V; the insulation strength of the alternating current high-voltage circuit of the high-voltage circuit is required to meet the condition that the insulation strength is greater than or equal to 500 omega/V.
Based on the pure electric vehicle electrical system architecture and the national relevant standards, the invention provides an electric vehicle insulation resistance detection system, and one embodiment of the system comprises: the detection device is used for detecting the insulation resistance of the electric automobile, so that the insulation performance of a high-voltage electric system of the whole automobile is ensured, and the safety of drivers and passengers is ensured.
Fig. 2 is a block diagram of a detecting device in an insulation resistance detecting system of an electric vehicle according to the present invention.
In this embodiment, the detection means includes:
a control unit 20;
a first bias resistor R arranged between the positive electrode of the power supply and the ground1A second bias resistor R arranged between the negative pole of the power supply and the ground2(ii) a At the positive pole of the power supply and the first bias resistor R1A third switch S is connected in series between3And a first switch S1(ii) a At ground and a second bias resistor R2A second switch S is connected in series between2；
A third voltage dividing resistor R arranged between the positive electrode of the power supply and the ground and connected in series13And a first voltage dividing resistor R11A fourth voltage dividing resistor R arranged between the negative electrode of the power supply and ground and connected in series14And a second voltage dividing resistor R12；
A first voltage acquisition unit 21 and a second voltage acquisition unit 22 respectively connected with the control unit 20; wherein the first voltage collecting unit 21 is used for collecting the first voltage dividing resistor R11Voltage of (d); the second voltage collecting unit 22 is used for collecting the second voltage dividing resistor R12The voltage of (c).
Accordingly, the control unit 20 is responsive to the first divider resistance R11Voltage and second voltage dividing resistor R12Determines the insulation resistance R of the positive bus to groundpValue of (d), and insulation resistance R of negative bus to groundnAnd taking the smaller value as the detection value of the insulation resistance of the electric automobile.
The ground as described above may be an automobile chassis. The control unit can be realized by a single chip microcomputer, such as a mega16 single chip microcomputer.
The following describes a process of detecting insulation resistance of the positive and negative bus bars to ground with reference to a schematic diagram of detecting insulation resistance by a detecting device in an insulation resistance detecting system of an electric vehicle according to the present invention shown in fig. 3.
In FIG. 3, RpInsulation resistance, R, for positive bus bar to groundnInsulation resistance of the negative bus to ground; r1And R2Is a bias resistor; r11、R12、R13、R14Is a voltage dividing resistor. These resistances need to satisfy the following relationship: r1＝R2，R11＝R12，R13＝R14。
During detection, R will be collected11、R12And calculating to obtain RpAnd RnAnd the smaller one of the resistance values is the insulation resistance value of the high-voltage system. The specific process is as follows:
1) disconnect switch S1、S2Collecting R11And R12Respectively denoted as V1、V2。
2) When V is1Greater than or equal to V2Time, switch S1Closed, at which time R is collected11And R12Respectively denoted as V1′、V2', obtaining:
V1+V2＝V1'+V2' ⑶
combine above-mentioned formula, two minutes, the ground can obtain:
3) in the same way, when V1Less than V2Time, switch S2Closed, at which time R is collected11And R12Respectively denoted as V1′、V2', obtaining:
V1+V2＝V1'+V2' ⑻
in combination with the above formula, sixty-percent, and hobby, the following may be obtained:
4) through the above two cases, it can be obtained:
further obtain RpAnd RnThe following were used:
it should be noted that, based on the requirements in the aforementioned GB/T18384-2015, in the embodiment of the present invention, the bias resistor R1、R2The resistance values of the high-voltage battery pack are equal, and the range of the bias resistance divided by the maximum working voltage of the high-voltage battery pack is between 100 and 500 omega/V. Designing a voltage dividing resistor R11、R12、R13、R14Attention is paid to the following: the situation that the acquired voltage is too small to cause overlarge calculation error is avoided, the situation that the acquired voltage exceeds the working voltage range of the single chip microcomputer is also avoided, and therefore R acquisition can be specified in advance11And R12The voltage range of the voltage divider is between 0 and 2V, and the value determination process of the voltage divider resistance is as follows:
assuming that only the positive bus has a fault in the insulation resistance to ground, we obtain:
and R-R11＝R13；
Similarly, when the insulation resistance of the bus of the negative electrode only fails, it can be obtained that:
and R-R12＝R14；
Thereby, the reference resistance values of all the divider resistors can be obtained. In the actual design, the voltage-dividing resistor is taken to be close to the reference resistance value, so that the two situations can be avoided.
In practical applications, in addition to the above selected value range of the resistor, attention should be paid to: sampling the divider resistance twice before and after the switch is closed, and keeping the total voltage of the high-voltage battery pack unchanged; i.e. two samples are considered as synchronous samples, and the time difference of the two samples is ignored.
In addition, a first divider resistor R11And a fourth voltage dividing resistor R14A sliding rheostat may be employed. By the design, when the electric vehicle with different power supply voltages is measured, the insulation resistance can be detected only by calculating the voltage division resistance value under the current power supply voltage condition according to the formula without replacing the whole insulation monitoring device.
In practical applications, the first switch S is used1A second switch S2And a third switch S3The control of (3) may be performed in a manual control manner, or may be performed automatically by the control unit 20, which is not limited in this embodiment of the present invention.
With continued reference to FIG. 2, to facilitate the alignment of the first switch S during voltage acquisition1A second switch S2And a third switch S3Of the first switch S1A second switch S2And a third switch S3A relay can be adopted, one end of the relay is grounded, and the other end of the relay is connected with an I/O port of the single chip microcomputer.
The first voltage acquisition unit 21 may adopt a voltage follower, and the voltage follower has characteristics of high input impedance and low output impedance, so that the first voltage acquisition unit further has a buffering function, an isolating function and an impedance matching function, thereby reducing the influence of a next-stage circuit on a previous-stage circuit.
The second voltage collecting unit 22 may include: the voltage follower and the inverse proportion amplifying circuit are adopted in the second stage, because the output voltage of the voltage follower of the first stage is opposite to the phase of the voltage which is wanted to be collected. The amplification factor of the inverse proportion amplification circuit is 1, so that the output voltage of the second-stage amplification circuit conforms to the input voltage range of the single chip microcomputer.
In the embodiment of the present invention, the control unit 20 is used as a main control chip to implement functions such as analog-to-digital conversion and control of a switch.
In practical application, detection device can set up on electric automobile's control circuit board to the realization is to electric automobile insulation resistance's real-time detection, certainly also can independently set up, and sets up corresponding wiring probe, when needs examine certain electric automobile insulation resistance, only need with accomplish corresponding detection on the corresponding part that wiring probe is connected to electric automobile.
Further, in another embodiment of the insulation resistance detection system of an electric vehicle according to the present invention, as shown in fig. 4, the detection device may further include: and the alarm unit 23 is connected with the control unit 20 and is used for giving an alarm according to the triggering of the control unit 20, for example, when the detection value of the insulation resistance of the electric automobile is smaller than a set threshold value, the control unit 20 triggers the alarm unit 23 to give an alarm. In practical applications, the alarm unit may include: LED lamp and bee calling organ that the parallel connection.
In a specific application, the insulation strength of the insulation resistor of the electric automobile is divided into two grades, namely 100 omega/V (secondary alarm threshold value) and 500 omega/V (primary alarm threshold value). Correspondingly, when the insulation strength of the insulation resistor of the electric automobile is smaller than a primary alarm threshold value, the control unit triggers the LED lamp to light and alarm; when the insulation strength of the insulation resistor of the electric automobile is smaller than a secondary alarm threshold value, the control unit triggers the buzzer to sound for alarm. Through the setting of alarm unit, can indicate the user that the resistance of insulating resistor has exceeded the warning threshold value, need change insulating resistor or direct disconnection mains voltage.
Of course, when the insulation strength of the insulation resistor of the electric vehicle is smaller than the secondary alarm threshold, the control unit 20 may also automatically control the third switch, the first switch and the second switch to be turned off.
The following describes an insulation resistance detection process of an electric vehicle according to the present invention with reference to the system shown in fig. 4 and the flowchart of the insulation resistance detection method of an electric vehicle shown in fig. 5.
Switch S3 is closed to complete the main power supply for the high voltage electrical system. Collecting voltage of voltage-dividing resistor, and recording as V1、V2. Comparison V1、V2If V is1Greater than V2When, illustrate RpGreater than RnAt this point, switch S1 is closed, incorporating a bias resistor; otherwise, switch S2 is closed, incorporating a bias resistor. The voltage of the voltage dividing resistor is collected again and is recorded as V3、V4. At this time, pass through V1、V2、V3、V4The resistance R of the insulation resistor of the positive bus and the negative bus to the ground can be calculatedpAnd RnAnd the smaller of the two is taken as the insulation resistance of the system. Calculating insulation resistance R of systempOr RnThe magnitude of the value multiplied by 500 with the maximum voltage of the power supply; when R ispOr RnBelow this value, a primary alarm, an LED alarm, is triggered; if R ispOr RnLess than the maximum voltage of the power supply multiplied by 100, will trigger a secondary alarm, a buzzer alarm. And all switches of the system are switched off to protect the safety of drivers and passengers while the audible and visual alarm unit is triggered.
According to the insulation resistance detection system for the electric automobile, provided by the embodiment of the invention, the resistance value of the insulation resistance is calculated by setting the bias resistance and the divider resistance and acquiring the voltages on the two divider resistances under different states of the corresponding switch. The scheme of the invention has simple structure, and can conveniently and quickly realize the detection of the insulation resistance of the electric automobile. Furthermore, the voltage dividing resistor is designed to be a sliding rheostat, so that the detection of the insulation resistance can be completed under different power supply voltages, namely, the insulation resistance of the electric vehicle with different power supply voltages can be measured, and the adaptability of the system is improved.
In order to enable a detection person to more intuitively and accurately know the current insulation strength of the insulation resistor of the electric vehicle during detection, in another embodiment of the insulation resistor detection system of the electric vehicle, the detection device may further include: and a display unit (not shown) connected to the control unit 20 for displaying the voltage value sampled at each time and the insulation resistance value of the positive and negative bus lines to ground, wherein the display unit may specifically adopt an LCD display.
To enter intoThe detection efficiency of the detection system is improved, and in another embodiment of the insulation resistance detection system of the electric vehicle, the system may further include: the host computer correspondingly, the control unit 20 still has serial communication interface to realize the communication with the host computer, mainly include: receiving a control instruction of an upper computer, and calculating the insulation resistance R of the positive bus to the groundpValue of (d), and insulation resistance R of negative bus to groundnThe value of the positive bus insulation resistance is transmitted to an upper computer through the serial communication interface, and finally the resistance values of the positive bus insulation resistance and the negative bus insulation resistance are displayed on the upper computer. Of course, in practical application, the four collected divided voltage values V1, V2, V3, and V4 may also be uploaded to an upper computer for display, which is not limited in the embodiment of the present invention.
Further, in another embodiment of the insulation resistance detection system of an electric vehicle according to the present invention, the system may further include a user terminal, such as a mobile device like a mobile phone; accordingly, the control unit 20 communicates with the user terminal via a wireless interface, for example, the calculated insulation resistance R of the positive bus to groundpValue of (d), and insulation resistance R of negative bus to groundnThe value of the voltage is transmitted to the user terminal so that a user can know the current insulation strength of the insulation resistor of the electric automobile in time.
It should be noted that the terms "comprises" and "comprising," and any variations thereof, in the description and claims of the present invention and the above-described drawings, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, system, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of steps or elements is not necessarily limited to those steps or elements expressly listed, but may include other steps or elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.
The embodiments in the present specification are described in a progressive manner, and the same and similar parts among the embodiments are referred to each other, and each embodiment focuses on the differences from the other embodiments. Furthermore, the above-described system embodiments are merely illustrative, wherein modules and units illustrated as separate components may or may not be physically separate, i.e., may be located on one network element, or may be distributed over a plurality of network elements. Some or all of the modules may be selected according to actual needs to achieve the purpose of the solution of the present embodiment. One of ordinary skill in the art can understand and implement it without inventive effort.
The present invention has been described in detail with reference to the embodiments, and the description of the embodiments is provided to facilitate the understanding of the method and apparatus of the present invention, and is intended to be a part of the embodiments of the present invention rather than the whole embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by a person of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without any creative effort shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention, and the content of the present description shall not be construed as limiting the present invention. Therefore, any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement and the like made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. An electric vehicle insulation resistance detection system, the system comprising: a detection device, the detection device comprising:
a control unit;
a first bias resistor R arranged between the positive electrode of the power supply and the ground1A second bias resistor R arranged between the negative pole of the power supply and the ground2(ii) a At the positive pole of the power supply and the first bias resistor R1A third switch S is connected in series between3And a first switch S1(ii) a At ground and a second bias resistor R2A second switch S is connected in series between2；
A third voltage dividing resistor R arranged between the positive electrode of the power supply and the ground and connected in series13And a first voltage dividing resistor R11A fourth voltage dividing resistor R arranged between the negative electrode of the power supply and ground and connected in series14And a second voltage dividing resistor R12；
Respectively connected to control unitsThe device comprises a first voltage acquisition unit and a second voltage acquisition unit; the first voltage acquisition unit is used for acquiring a first divider resistor R11Voltage of (d); the second voltage acquisition unit is used for acquiring a second voltage dividing resistor R12Voltage of (d);
the control unit is based on a first divider resistance R11Voltage and second voltage dividing resistor R12Determines the insulation resistance R of the positive bus to groundpValue of (d), and insulation resistance R of negative bus to groundnAnd taking the smaller value as the detection value of the insulation resistance of the electric automobile.
2. The system of claim 1, wherein the control unit is a single chip;
the first switch, the second switch and the third switch are all relays, one end of each relay is grounded, and the other end of each relay is connected with an I/O port of the single chip microcomputer.
3. The system of claim 1, wherein the first voltage divider resistor R11And a fourth voltage dividing resistor R14All are sliding varistors.
4. The system of claim 1, wherein the first voltage acquisition unit comprises: a first voltage follower circuit; the second voltage collecting unit includes: and the second voltage follower circuit and the inverse proportion amplifying circuit are connected in series.
5. The system of claim 2, wherein the detection device further comprises: and the display unit is connected with the control unit and is used for displaying the voltage value sampled every time and the insulation resistance value of the positive bus and the negative bus to the ground.
6. The system of claim 2, wherein the detection device further comprises: the alarm unit is connected with the control unit;
the control unit is used for triggering the alarm unit to give an alarm according to the detection value of the insulation resistance of the electric automobile.
7. The system of claim 6, wherein the alarm unit comprises: the LED lamp and the buzzer are connected in parallel;
when the insulation strength of the insulation resistor of the electric automobile is smaller than a primary alarm threshold value, the control unit triggers the LED lamp to light and alarm;
when the insulation strength of the insulation resistor of the electric automobile is smaller than a secondary alarm threshold value, the control unit triggers the buzzer to sound for alarm.
8. The system of claim 7, wherein the control unit is further configured to control the third switch, the first switch, and the second switch to be turned off when the insulation strength of the insulation resistor of the electric vehicle is less than a secondary alarm threshold.
9. The system of any one of claims 1 to 8, further comprising: an upper computer;
the control unit communicates with an upper computer through a serial communication interface, and comprises: receiving a control instruction of an upper computer, and calculating the insulation resistance R of the positive bus to the groundpValue of (d), and insulation resistance R of negative bus to groundnThe value of (2) is transmitted to the upper computer.
10. The system of claim 9, further comprising: a user terminal;
the control unit communicates with the user terminal through a wireless interface, including: the calculated insulation resistance R of the positive bus to the groundpValue of (d), and insulation resistance R of negative bus to groundnIs transmitted to the user terminal.
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| CN116165496A (en) * | 2023-03-09 | 2023-05-26 | 北京索英电气技术股份有限公司 | Insulation detection circuit and insulation detection method |
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