CN113944452A - Hydraulic fracturing casing pipe fracture research method - Google Patents
Hydraulic fracturing casing pipe fracture research method Download PDFInfo
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- CN113944452A CN113944452A CN202111185678.8A CN202111185678A CN113944452A CN 113944452 A CN113944452 A CN 113944452A CN 202111185678 A CN202111185678 A CN 202111185678A CN 113944452 A CN113944452 A CN 113944452A
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- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims description 3
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- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
- E21B43/25—Methods for stimulating production
- E21B43/26—Methods for stimulating production by forming crevices or fractures
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B17/00—Drilling rods or pipes; Flexible drill strings; Kellies; Drill collars; Sucker rods; Cables; Casings; Tubings
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B47/00—Survey of boreholes or wells
- E21B47/002—Survey of boreholes or wells by visual inspection
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B49/00—Testing the nature of borehole walls; Formation testing; Methods or apparatus for obtaining samples of soil or well fluids, specially adapted to earth drilling or wells
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Abstract
A method of hydraulic fracturing casing fracture study, the method comprising the steps of: preparing a downhole shale reservoir model; arranging a hydraulic fracturing control system; installing a casing through the downhole shale reservoir model; connecting the casing to the hydraulic fracture control system; disposing a data acquisition system around the casing; hydraulically fracturing the casing using the hydraulic fracture control system; collecting fracture study data using the data collection system; the fracture study data was used to study the casing damage mechanism. The hydraulic fracturing casing fracture research method can be used for researching the influence of fracture slippage on casing deformation in the hydraulic fracturing process and can clarify the casing damage mechanism in the shale gas well fracturing process.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of hydraulic fracturing, and particularly relates to a fracture research method for a hydraulic fracturing sleeve.
Background
Horizontal wells and multi-section hydraulic fracturing are the main technologies of large-scale shale gas development, and powerful guarantees are provided for improving the extraction rate of shale gas and guaranteeing the development benefits of the shale gas. However, in the process of hydraulic fracturing, a large amount of fracturing fluid enters a natural fracture to increase the pore pressure of the natural fracture, the effective stress in the natural fracture is reduced, when the effective stress is reduced to a certain degree, the fracture can slide, and if a casing pipe passes through the fracture, the casing pipe is sheared by the sliding fracture to generate deformation.
The deformation of the casing pipe in the hydraulic fracturing process of the horizontal well not only can reduce the number of fracturing sections and the yield of a single well, but also can cause the integrity of the well to be problematic, thereby shortening the life cycle of the well and seriously restricting the efficient development of shale gas in the area.
Therefore, the method is used for researching how fracture slippage influences the deformation of the casing and finally causes shearing damage to the casing in the hydraulic fracturing process, and the explanation of the casing damage mechanism in the shale gas well fracturing process becomes a bottleneck theory and technical problem restricting the fracturing and efficient development of the shale gas well.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the present invention provides a hydraulic fracturing casing fracture study method that overcomes, or at least partially solves, the above problems.
In order to solve the technical problem, the invention provides a hydraulic fracturing casing fracture research method, which comprises the following steps:
preparing a downhole shale reservoir model;
arranging a hydraulic fracturing control system;
installing a casing through the downhole shale reservoir model;
connecting the casing to the hydraulic fracture control system;
disposing a data acquisition system around the casing;
hydraulically fracturing the casing using the hydraulic fracture control system;
collecting fracture study data using the data collection system;
the fracture study data was used to study the casing damage mechanism.
Preferably, the preparing the downhole shale reservoir model comprises the steps of:
preparing shale blocks with preset specifications;
beveling the shale block into a first shale block and a second shale block which are symmetrical;
and pouring a fault with preset thickness between the inclined cutting surfaces of the first shale block and the second shale block.
Preferably, the deploying the hydraulic fracture control system comprises the steps of:
preparing a plunger pump, an intermediate container, a pressure gauge, a first connecting pipe and a second connecting pipe;
connecting a first end of the first connection pipe with the plunger pump and a second end with a first end of the intermediate container;
connecting a first end of the second connecting tube with a second end of the intermediate container;
and connecting the pressure gauge with the second connecting pipe.
Preferably, the installing a casing through the downhole shale reservoir model comprises the steps of:
horizontally chiseling installation holes which sequentially penetrate through a first shale block, a fault and a second shale block on the underground shale reservoir model;
penetrating the sleeve through the mounting hole;
a fracture point is selected at a predetermined location on the casing.
Preferably, said connecting said casing to said hydraulic fracture control system comprises the steps of:
aligning the first end of the ferrule;
aligning a second end of a second connecting pipe in the hydraulic fracturing control system;
connecting the first end of the sleeve with the second end of the second connecting tube.
Preferably, said arranging a data acquisition system around said casing comprises the steps of:
preparing a fiber Bragg grating sensor, a high-speed camera and a processor;
arranging the fiber Bragg grating sensors along the periphery of the sleeve in a circle;
connecting the fiber bragg grating sensor with the processor;
positioning the high speed camera in alignment with the second end of the cannula:
connecting the high speed camera to the processor.
Preferably, said hydraulically fracturing the casing using the hydraulic fracturing control system comprises the steps of:
connecting a plunger pump of the hydraulic fracturing control system with fracturing fluid;
injecting the fracturing fluid into the casing using the plunger pump.
Preferably, the viscosity of the fracturing fluid is 40mPa s-60mPa s.
Preferably, the displacement of the fracturing fluid is 90mL/min-110 mL/min.
Preferably, said collecting fracture study data using said data collection system comprises the steps of:
collecting strain data of the casing using a fiber bragg grating sensor in the data collection system;
and acquiring deformation data of the underground shale reservoir model area around the casing by using a high-speed camera in the data acquisition system.
One or more technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention have at least the following technical effects or advantages: the hydraulic fracturing casing fracture research method can be used for researching the influence of fracture slippage on casing deformation in the hydraulic fracturing process and can clarify the casing damage mechanism in the shale gas well fracturing process.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments are briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings based on the drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a schematic state diagram of a downhole shale reservoir model in a hydraulic fracturing casing fracture research method according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a state diagram of a hydraulic fracturing casing fracture research method provided by an embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments and examples, and the advantages and various effects of the present invention will be more clearly apparent therefrom. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that these specific embodiments and examples are for the purpose of illustrating the invention and are not to be construed as limiting the invention.
Throughout the specification, unless otherwise specifically noted, terms used herein should be understood as having meanings as commonly used in the art. Accordingly, unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. If there is a conflict, the present specification will control.
Unless otherwise specifically stated, various raw materials, reagents, instruments, equipment and the like used in the present invention are commercially available or can be prepared by existing methods.
In an embodiment of the present application, the present invention provides a method for researching fracture of a hydraulic fracturing casing, the method comprising the steps of:
s1: preparing a downhole shale reservoir model;
in an embodiment of the present application, the preparing the downhole shale reservoir model includes the steps of:
preparing shale blocks with preset specifications;
beveling the shale blocks into symmetrical first 4 and second 9 shale blocks;
and pouring a fault 5 with preset thickness between the inclined cutting planes of the first shale block 4 and the second shale block 9.
Referring to fig. 1, in the embodiment of the present application, a downhole shale reservoir model is used to simulate the reality of a downhole shale reservoir. When preparing the underground shale reservoir model, firstly preparing shale blocks with preset specifications, and beveling the shale blocks into two to obtain two symmetrical shale blocks which are named as a first shale block 4 and a second shale block 9; and then, a cement block with a preset specification is poured between the inclined planes of the first shale block 4 and the second shale block 9, named as a fault 5, and is used for simulating the real situation of the fault 5 in the underground shale reservoir.
In the embodiment of the application, the specifications of the shale blocks are respectively 500mm × 600mm × 500mm in length, width and height, the thickness of the fault 5 is 100mm, and the specifications of the finally obtained underground shale reservoir model are respectively 500mm × 500mm × 500mm in length, width and height, and are used for simulating the real situation of the underground shale reservoir.
S2: arranging a hydraulic fracturing control system;
in an embodiment of the present application, the deploying the hydraulic fracture control system comprises the steps of:
preparing a plunger pump, an intermediate container, a pressure gauge, a first connecting pipe and a second connecting pipe;
connecting a first end of the first connection pipe with the plunger pump and a second end with a first end of the intermediate container;
connecting a first end of the second connecting tube with a second end of the intermediate container;
and connecting the pressure gauge with the second connecting pipe.
In the embodiment of the present application, the hydraulic fracture control system is used to feed fracturing fluid into the casing, as shown in fig. 2. Specifically, the hydraulic fracture control system includes: plunger pump 1, middle container 2, manometer 3, first connecting pipe and second connecting pipe, the first end of first connecting pipe is connected with plunger pump 1 and the second end is connected with the first end of middle container 2, the first end of second connecting pipe is connected with the second end of middle container 2, manometer 3 is connected with the second connecting pipe, manometer 3 is used for detecting the pressure of fracturing fluid.
S3: installing a casing through the downhole shale reservoir model;
in an embodiment of the present application, the installing a casing through the downhole shale reservoir model includes:
horizontally chiseling installation holes which sequentially penetrate through a first shale block, a fault and a second shale block on the underground shale reservoir model;
penetrating the sleeve through the mounting hole;
a fracture point is selected at a predetermined location on the casing.
As shown in fig. 1, in the embodiment of the present application, when the casing 6 is installed through the downhole shale reservoir model, the casing 6 with a preset specification is first selected, then a horizontal installation hole is drilled at the center of two end planes of the completed downhole shale reservoir model for penetrating the casing through the entire downhole shale reservoir model, and then a fracture point 11 is selected at a preset position on the casing.
In the embodiment of the application, the diameter of the casing is 200mm, the length of the casing is 700mm, the selected position of the fracture initiation point is 150mm away from one end of the casing, the selected position is used for simulating the real situation of the casing in the underground shale exploitation fracturing process, and the diameter of the mounting hole is 250 mm.
S4: connecting the casing to the hydraulic fracture control system;
in an embodiment of the present application, said connecting said casing to said hydraulic fracture control system comprises the steps of:
aligning the first end of the ferrule;
aligning a second end of a second connecting pipe in the hydraulic fracturing control system;
connecting the first end of the sleeve with the second end of the second connecting tube.
Referring to fig. 2, in the embodiment of the present application, after the installation of the casing 6 on the downhole shale reservoir model and the arrangement of the hydraulic fracturing control system are completed, the casing 6 needs to be connected with the hydraulic fracturing control system. Specifically, a first end of the casing 6 is aligned, followed by a second end of a second connection pipe in the hydraulic fracture control system, and then the first end of the casing 6 is connected to the second end of the second connection pipe.
S5: disposing a data acquisition system around the casing;
in an embodiment of the present application, said arranging a data acquisition system around said casing comprises the steps of:
preparing a fiber Bragg grating sensor, a high-speed camera and a processor;
arranging the fiber Bragg grating sensors along the periphery of the sleeve in a circle;
connecting the fiber bragg grating sensor with the processor;
positioning the high speed camera in alignment with the second end of the cannula:
connecting the high speed camera to the processor.
In the embodiment of the present application, as shown in fig. 1 and 2, in order to acquire research data, a data acquisition system needs to be disposed around the casing 6. Specifically, firstly, a fiber bragg grating sensor 10, a high-speed camera 7 and a processor 8 are prepared, then a fiber bragg grating sensor (FBG) is mounted on the surface of the casing in a circle for monitoring the strain data of the casing in the fracturing process, and the fiber bragg grating sensor is connected with the processor (such as a computer device) for recording the strain state data of the casing in real time. The FBG wavelength reading can be automatically acquired by adopting an A01C type fiber grating demodulator, the wavelength resolution is 1pm, and the repeatability is +/-3 pm. Meanwhile, a high-speed camera is arranged right in front of the underground shale reservoir model and is aligned to the second end of the casing for continuously shooting pictures, so that the deformation of the rock mass around the pipeline is obtained by adopting a Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) technology, and accordingly, the settlement distribution curve of the rock mass around the casing can be obtained.
Description of the principle of Fiber Bragg Grating Sensors (FBGs): fiber bragg grating sensors are fabricated by laterally exposing the core of a single mode fiber to intense ultraviolet light with a periodic pattern. Exposure to intense uv light permanently increases the refractive index of the fiber core, producing a fixed refractive index modulation according to the exposure pattern. This fixed refractive index modulation is called a grating. A small amount of light will be reflected at each spatially periodic refractive index change. When the grating period is about half the wavelength of the incident light, all the reflected light is coherently combined into a large reflection with a specific wavelength. This is called the bragg condition. The wavelength at which reflection of incident light is achieved is referred to as the bragg wavelength. Optical signals of other wavelengths are hardly affected by the bragg grating and will continue to be transmitted through the fiber grating. Therefore, little signal attenuation or signal change occurs when light propagates through the grating. Only the wavelengths that meet the bragg condition are affected and strongly reflected. The ability to precisely preset and maintain the grating wavelength is a fundamental feature and advantage of Fiber Bragg Grating Sensors (FBGs). The reflected light center wavelength satisfies the following bragg equation: λ Bragg is 2n Λ, where n is the refractive index and Λ is the grating period. Since the parameters n and Λ are affected by temperature and strain, the center wavelength of the bragg reflected light also changes with temperature or strain, or both. This phenomenon is well known, and thus the change in the corresponding physical quantity of the site to be measured can be determined according to the magnitude of the change in the center wavelength of the reflected light.
S6: hydraulically fracturing the casing using the hydraulic fracture control system;
in an embodiment of the present application, the hydraulic fracturing of the casing using the hydraulic fracturing control system comprises the steps of:
connecting a plunger pump of the hydraulic fracturing control system with fracturing fluid;
injecting the fracturing fluid into the casing using the plunger pump.
In the embodiment of the application, after the installation of each device is completed, the plunger pump is connected with the fracturing fluid, the fracturing fluid is injected to start fracturing, slickwater is generally selected for the selection of the fracturing fluid, and meanwhile, the sliding data of the fracture layer 5 and the strain data of the casing pipe are acquired through the data acquisition system in the fracturing process.
In the embodiment of the application, the viscosity of the fracturing fluid is 40-60 mPas.
In the embodiment of the application, the displacement of the fracturing fluid is 90-110 mL/min.
S7: collecting fracture study data using the data collection system;
in an embodiment of the present application, the acquiring fracture research data using the data acquisition system includes the steps of:
collecting strain data of the casing using a fiber bragg grating sensor in the data collection system;
and acquiring deformation data of the underground shale reservoir model area around the casing by using a high-speed camera in the data acquisition system.
In the embodiment of the application, strain data of the casing is collected through the fiber Bragg grating sensor, deformation data of the underground shale reservoir model area around the casing is collected through the high-speed camera, and the collected data is transmitted to the processor for sorting and storage.
S8: the fracture study data was used to study the casing damage mechanism.
In the embodiment of the application, the casing damage mechanism can be researched by analyzing the data in the processor.
The hydraulic fracturing casing fracture research method can be used for researching the influence of fracture slippage on casing deformation in the hydraulic fracturing process and can clarify the casing damage mechanism in the shale gas well fracturing process.
It is noted that, in this document, relational terms such as "first" and "second," and the like, may be used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions. Also, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising an … …" does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises the element. The above description is merely exemplary of the present application and is presented to enable those skilled in the art to understand and practice the present application. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the application. Thus, the present application is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
In short, the above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A hydraulic fracturing casing fracture study method, characterized in that the method comprises the steps of:
preparing a downhole shale reservoir model;
arranging a hydraulic fracturing control system;
installing a casing through the downhole shale reservoir model;
connecting the casing to the hydraulic fracture control system;
disposing a data acquisition system around the casing;
hydraulically fracturing the casing using the hydraulic fracture control system;
collecting fracture study data using the data collection system;
the fracture study data was used to study the casing damage mechanism.
2. The hydraulic fracturing casing fracture study method of claim 1, wherein the preparing the downhole shale reservoir model comprises the steps of:
preparing shale blocks with preset specifications;
beveling the shale block into a first shale block and a second shale block which are symmetrical;
and pouring a fault with preset thickness between the inclined cutting surfaces of the first shale block and the second shale block.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the deploying a hydraulic fracture control system comprises the steps of:
preparing a plunger pump, an intermediate container, a pressure gauge, a first connecting pipe and a second connecting pipe;
connecting a first end of the first connection pipe with the plunger pump and a second end with a first end of the intermediate container;
connecting a first end of the second connecting tube with a second end of the intermediate container;
and connecting the pressure gauge with the second connecting pipe.
4. The hydraulic fracturing casing fracture study method of claim 1, wherein the installing casing through the downhole shale reservoir model comprises the steps of:
horizontally chiseling installation holes which sequentially penetrate through a first shale block, a fault and a second shale block on the underground shale reservoir model;
penetrating the sleeve through the mounting hole;
a fracture point is selected at a predetermined location on the casing.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the connecting the casing to the hydraulic fracture control system comprises:
aligning the first end of the ferrule;
aligning a second end of a second connecting pipe in the hydraulic fracturing control system;
connecting the first end of the sleeve with the second end of the second connecting tube.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein the positioning a data acquisition system around the casing comprises the steps of:
preparing a fiber Bragg grating sensor, a high-speed camera and a processor;
arranging the fiber Bragg grating sensors along the periphery of the sleeve in a circle;
connecting the fiber bragg grating sensor with the processor;
positioning the high speed camera in alignment with the second end of the cannula:
connecting the high speed camera to the processor.
7. The method of claim 1, wherein the hydraulically fracturing the casing using the hydraulic fracturing control system comprises the steps of:
connecting a plunger pump of the hydraulic fracturing control system with fracturing fluid;
injecting the fracturing fluid into the casing using the plunger pump.
8. The method of claim 7, wherein the fracturing fluid has a viscosity of 40 to 60 mPa-s.
9. The method of claim 7, wherein the fracturing fluid has a displacement of 90-110 mL/min.
10. The method of claim 1, wherein the collecting fracture research data using the data acquisition system comprises the steps of:
collecting strain data of the casing using a fiber bragg grating sensor in the data collection system;
and acquiring deformation data of the underground shale reservoir model area around the casing by using a high-speed camera in the data acquisition system.
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