CN113943049B - Stable regulation and control method for improving quality and efficiency of anaerobic fermentation system in situ - Google Patents
Stable regulation and control method for improving quality and efficiency of anaerobic fermentation system in situ Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a stable regulation and control method for in-situ quality improvement and efficiency enhancement of an anaerobic fermentation system, which obtains high-efficiency functional flora through reasonable regulation and control of the operation load amplification of the anaerobic fermentation system on the premise of maintaining the existing operation condition of the anaerobic fermentation system unchanged, and realizes the quality improvement and efficiency enhancement of the anaerobic fermentation system in situ; in the starting stage or the low-load operation stage of the anaerobic fermentation system, a regulation and control method with high amplification of operation load is adopted, the starting time of the anaerobic fermentation system is shortened, the efficiency of the anaerobic fermentation system is improved in a short time, or the regulation and control method with low amplification of operation load is directly adopted; in the high-load operation stage of the anaerobic fermentation system, a regulation and control method of low increase of operation load and gradual reduction of the increase of operation load is adopted, so that load impact and local inhibition on functional flora in the anaerobic fermentation system are reduced, sufficient adaptation and domestication time is provided for the functional flora in the anaerobic fermentation system, and in-situ quality and efficiency improvement and efficient and stable operation of the anaerobic fermentation system are realized.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of anaerobic fermentation, and particularly relates to a stable regulation and control method for in-situ quality improvement and efficiency enhancement of an anaerobic fermentation system.
Background
Under the action of the anaerobic fermentation functional flora, the anaerobic fermentation system can degrade and convert organic wastes into energy substances such as hydrogen, methane, short-chain fatty acid and the like, so that the problem of environmental pollution is solved, and the energy crisis is relieved. The technology is widely applied to the fields of high-concentration organic wastewater and organic solid waste treatment. However, in practical engineering application, the problems of low operation load and difficult quality and efficiency improvement of an anaerobic fermentation system generally exist. The strengthening technology research of the efficiency of the anaerobic fermentation system has become a hot spot of general attention in the academic and engineering communities.
The method of adding biochar, active carbon, nano materials and the like into the anaerobic fermentation system can strengthen the inter-species electron transfer of flora and improve the operation efficiency of the anaerobic fermentation system; the efficiency of the anaerobic fermentation system can be enhanced by adding functional microorganisms such as biological enzyme, fungi and the like; by adopting a mixed matrix strategy, the inhibitor can be diluted, the microorganism nutrient can be balanced, and the operation efficiency of the anaerobic fermentation system can be further enhanced. The method for enhancing the efficiency of the anaerobic fermentation system has certain enhanced efficiency, but the low-cost operation and the recycling of the additive become the key points of the large-scale engineering application of the additive. How to realize the quality improvement and the efficiency improvement of the anaerobic fermentation system in situ at low cost under the condition of not adding additives is an urgent problem to be solved in the practical engineering application of the anaerobic fermentation system.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a stable regulation and control method for in-situ quality and efficiency improvement of an anaerobic fermentation system, which obtains high-efficiency functional flora through reasonable regulation and control of the increase of the operation load of the anaerobic fermentation system on the premise of maintaining the existing operation condition of the anaerobic fermentation system unchanged, and realizes the quality and efficiency improvement of the anaerobic fermentation system in situ. The method has the advantages of simple and easy operation, low cost and wide application range; meanwhile, the method can obtain the high-efficiency anaerobic fermentation functional flora, and the sludge discharged by the anaerobic fermentation system can be used as a strain source for quickly starting and strengthening the operation efficiency of the high-efficiency anaerobic fermentation system.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
a stable regulation and control method for improving quality and increasing efficiency of an anaerobic fermentation system in situ adopts a regulation and control strategy of high amplification of operation load at the start stage or low load operation stage of the anaerobic fermentation system on the premise of maintaining the existing operation condition of the anaerobic fermentation system unchanged, shortens the start time of the anaerobic fermentation system, and improves the efficiency of the anaerobic fermentation system in a short time, or directly adopts a regulation and control strategy of low amplification of operation load; in the high-load operation stage of the anaerobic fermentation system, a regulation strategy of low operation load amplification and gradual reduction of operation load amplification is adopted, so that load impact and local inhibition on functional flora in the anaerobic fermentation system are reduced, sufficient adaptation and domestication time is provided for the functional flora in the anaerobic fermentation system, and in-situ quality and efficiency improvement and efficient and stable operation of the anaerobic fermentation system are realized.
In one embodiment, the regulation strategy for high increase of the operation load means that the increase range of the operation load is 1-10g-COD/L/d; the low-amplification regulation strategy of the running load means that the increase range of the running load is 0.1-1g-COD/L/d.
In one embodiment, the low amplification in the regulation strategy of low amplification and gradual reduction of the operation load amplification means that the operation load is increased in a range of 0.1-1g-COD/L/d, and the gradual reduction and amplification is judged to be 0.1g-COD/L/d according to the observed and detected indexes (short chain fatty acid and pH) of the anaerobic fermentation system.
In one embodiment, the anaerobic fermentation system operating load is increased by increasing the substrate concentration or decreasing the hydraulic retention time. Among them, in the field of anaerobic fermentation treatment of organic solid waste, it is preferable to increase the operation load of an anaerobic fermentation system by shortening the hydraulic retention time.
In one embodiment, the anaerobic fermentation system has no change in the operation temperature, pH, stirring speed, substrate concentration, etc. except for the operation load increase change caused by the shortened hydraulic retention time.
In one embodiment, in the start-up stage or the low-load operation stage of the anaerobic fermentation system, within the range of the load value which can be borne by the stable operation of the known reactor, a regulation strategy of high amplification of the operation load is adopted, the start-up time of the anaerobic fermentation system is shortened, and the efficiency of the anaerobic fermentation system is improved in a short time; if the bearable load value is not determined, a regulation strategy of low amplification of the operation load is adopted, and the operation time is 0.5-3.0 hydraulic retention time.
In one embodiment, the regulation strategy for low and gradually reducing the operating load amplification stably operates for at least 3.0-5.0 hydraulic retention time, i.e., the regulation operation for increasing the operating load is performed on the basis of the existing high-load operation after no acid inhibition exists in the system.
In one embodiment, in the load regulation and control process of the anaerobic fermentation system, the indexes of the anaerobic fermentation system to be detected mainly comprise short-chain fatty acid and pH, when the short-chain fatty acid is accumulated to exceed 15g-COD/L or the pH is lower than 6.5, the operation load of the anaerobic fermentation system needs to be timely reduced, and the operation load of the anaerobic fermentation system is regulated to the maximum operation load capable of stably operating after acid inhibition is removed.
In one embodiment, the main body reactor of the anaerobic fermentation system is configured as a complete mixed reactor (CSTR), an anaerobic membrane bioreactor (AnMBR), an upflow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor (UASB), or a Dynamic Membrane Bioreactor (DMBR), and the treated object is high-concentration organic wastewater or organic solid waste.
In one embodiment, the anaerobic fermentation system is a mesophilic anaerobic fermentation system or a thermophilic anaerobic fermentation system, distinguished by temperature; the anaerobic fermentation system is an acidogenic phase and a methanogenic phase of a single-phase anaerobic fermentation system or a two-phase anaerobic fermentation system according to whether the anaerobic fermentation systems are separated in the same reactor.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) The invention can realize the in-situ quality improvement and efficiency enhancement and the efficient and stable operation of the anaerobic fermentation system, namely, the quality improvement and efficiency enhancement of the anaerobic fermentation system can be realized in situ by reasonably regulating and controlling the hydraulic retention time, namely controlling the flow rate of the pump to regulate and control the operation load amplification of the anaerobic fermentation system on the premise of maintaining the existing operation conditions (the operation temperature, the pH value, the stirring speed and the substrate concentration) of the anaerobic fermentation system unchanged, and the invention has the advantages of simple and easy operation, low cost and wide application range.
(2) The invention provides enough adaptation and acclimation time for the functional flora of the anaerobic fermentation system, and can obtain the efficient anaerobic fermentation functional flora adapted to high operation load.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a graph of the amount of load applied and the amount of biomass as a function of load for a CSTR as a function of time in an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below.
The invention relates to a stable regulation and control method for in-situ quality improvement and efficiency enhancement of an anaerobic fermentation system, which adopts a regulation and control strategy of high increase of operation load in the range of the bearable load value of the known reactor in the starting stage or low-load operation stage of the anaerobic fermentation system under the premise of maintaining the existing operation conditions (operation temperature, pH, stirring speed, substrate concentration and the like) of the anaerobic fermentation system unchanged, shortens the starting time of the anaerobic fermentation system and improves the efficiency of the anaerobic fermentation system in a short time; if the bearable load value is not determined, adopting a regulation strategy of low amplification of the operation load; in the high-load operation stage of the anaerobic fermentation system, a regulation strategy of low operation load amplification and gradual reduction of operation load amplification is adopted, so that load impact and local inhibition on functional flora in the anaerobic fermentation system are reduced, sufficient adaptation and domestication time is provided for the functional flora in the anaerobic fermentation system, and in-situ quality and efficiency improvement and efficient and stable operation of the anaerobic fermentation system are realized.
In the invention, the low-load operation stage of the anaerobic fermentation system generally refers to the cut-off range of 10-25g-COD/L/d, and the high-load operation generally refers to the cut-off range of 25-70g-COD/L/d. The invention relates to a main body reactor configuration of an anaerobic fermentation system, which can be a complete mixed reactor (CSTR), an anaerobic membrane bioreactor (AnMBR), an upflow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor (UASB) or a Dynamic Membrane Bioreactor (DMBR), and the treated object is high-concentration organic wastewater or organic solid waste.
The anaerobic fermentation system can be a medium-temperature anaerobic fermentation system or a high-temperature anaerobic fermentation system; the anaerobic fermentation system can be an acidogenic phase and a methanogenic phase of a single-phase anaerobic fermentation system or a two-phase anaerobic fermentation system depending on whether they are separated in the same reactor.
In one embodiment, the regulation strategy of high load amplification refers to that the increase range of the operating load is 1-10g-COD/L/d; the low-amplification regulation strategy of the operation load means that the increase range of the operation load is 0.1-1g-COD/L/d. The indexes (short chain fatty acid and pH) of the anaerobic fermentation system observed and detected are gradually reduced and increased to 0.1g-COD/L/d.
The invention can improve the operation load of the anaerobic fermentation system by increasing the substrate concentration or shortening the hydraulic retention time (controlling the flow rate of the pump). Among them, in the field of anaerobic fermentation treatment of organic solid waste, it is preferable to increase the operation load of an anaerobic fermentation system by shortening the hydraulic retention time.
In the starting stage or the low-load operation stage of the anaerobic fermentation system, the judgment is carried out according to the type and the operation condition of the substrate processed by the anaerobic fermentation system, and the operation time is 0.5 to 3.0 hydraulic retention time by adopting a regulation strategy with high amplification of operation load or a regulation strategy with low amplification of operation load.
The regulation strategy of the invention with low operation load amplification and gradually reduced operation load amplification stably operates for at least 3.0-5.0 hydraulic retention time, namely, the regulation operation of increasing the operation load is carried out on the basis of the existing high-load operation after no acid inhibition exists in the system.
In the load regulation and control process of the anaerobic fermentation system, the indexes of the anaerobic fermentation system to be detected mainly comprise short-chain fatty acid and pH, when the short-chain fatty acid is accumulated to exceed 15g-COD/L or the pH is lower than 6.5, the operation load of the anaerobic fermentation system needs to be timely reduced, and the operation load of the anaerobic fermentation system is regulated to the maximum operation load capable of stably operating after acid inhibition is removed.
The practice of the invention is further illustrated below in connection with examples using CSTRs. However, the process of the present invention is not limited to CSTRs and is not set up with conditions adapted to the various reactors:
(1) The invention is applied under CSTR of laboratory scale, and is provided with two groups of reactors CSTR-I and CSTR-II, as shown in the attached figure, the CSTR-I increases the load by high amplitude, the CSTR-II is as the starting stage or the low load operation stage of the method, a regulation and control method of high load amplification is adopted, the high load operation stage is as the regulation and control method of low load amplification and gradual reduction of the load increase amplitude is adopted. The reactor temperature was maintained at moderate temperature conditions (39 ℃. + -. 1 ℃) and the feed was semi-continuously pumped from the matrix tank to the CSTR.
(2) 0.7L of sludge was initially inoculated into the reactor during start-up and fed at a low organic load of 1.40 g-COD/L/d. During the starting period, the organic load can adopt high load amplification before 20g-COD/L/d to reduce the regulation time, and then adopts low load amplification and gradually reduces the load increase amplitude in the high load stage.
(3) In the CSTR, the hydraulic retention time can be adjusted only by adjusting the pump, so that in-situ adjustment is realized, and the operation is simple. As shown in FIG. 1, in CSTR-I, during the start-up period (1-117 days), the organic loading increased to 5.11g-COD/L/d and the biogas production gradually increased to 2.5L/L/d. The subsequent 118-327 days, the biogas production continued to increase to 5L/L/d as the organic loading increased from 5.11g-COD/L/d to 18.7g-COD/L/d and the hydraulic retention time decreased from 25d to 7.14d, while the CSTR-II precursor did not significantly differ from CSTR-I in methane yield, allowing CSTR-I to collapse rapidly at 189 days when the high load amplification continued.
(4) As shown in FIG. 1, in the CSTR-II, the load increase is low and gradually reduced in the high load stage, even if the organic load reaches 50g-COD/L/d, the system does not collapse, and the biogas yield reaches 10L/L/d. The regulation and control method provides enough adaptation and acclimation time for the functional flora of the anaerobic fermentation system, keeps higher functional flora activity and anaerobic fermentation enzyme activity when in high-load operation, and simultaneously keeps higher levels of biogas yield and hydrolysis conversion rate.
(5) In the whole process, even if the hydraulic retention time is shortened to 2.56-2.63d, the balance between acidification and methanation can be maintained through a low-load amplification mechanism, and meanwhile, the biogas yield of an anaerobic fermentation system can be guaranteed.
In conclusion, the invention has the following advantages: (1) the in-situ quality improvement and efficiency enhancement and efficient and stable operation of the anaerobic fermentation system can be realized; (2) the operation is simple and easy, the cost is low, and the application range is wide; (3) the anaerobic fermentation system can obtain the high-efficiency anaerobic fermentation functional flora by giving enough adaptation and acclimation time to the functional flora, and the sludge discharged by the anaerobic fermentation system can be used as a strain source for quickly starting and strengthening the operation efficiency of the high-efficiency anaerobic fermentation system.
Claims (8)
1. A stable regulation and control method for in-situ upgrading and efficiency enhancement of an anaerobic fermentation system is characterized in that on the premise of maintaining the existing operation condition of the anaerobic fermentation system unchanged, a regulation and control strategy with high amplification of operation load is adopted at the start stage or the low-load operation stage of the anaerobic fermentation system, the start time of the anaerobic fermentation system is shortened, the efficiency of the anaerobic fermentation system is improved in a short time, or the regulation and control strategy with low amplification of operation load is directly adopted; in the high-load operation stage of the anaerobic fermentation system, a regulation strategy of low increase of operation load and gradual reduction of the increase of the operation load is adopted, so that load impact and local inhibition on functional flora in the anaerobic fermentation system are reduced, sufficient adaptation and domestication time is provided for the functional flora in the anaerobic fermentation system, and in-situ quality improvement and efficiency enhancement and efficient and stable operation of the anaerobic fermentation system are realized; wherein the regulation strategy for high amplification of the operation load means that the increase range of the operation load is 1-10g-COD/L/d; the low-amplification regulation strategy of the operation load means that the increase range of the operation load is 0.1-1g-COD/L/d; the low amplification in the regulation strategy of low amplification and gradual reduction of the amplification of the operation load means that the increase range of the operation load is 0.1-1g-COD/L/d, and the amplification is gradually reduced to 0.1g-COD/L/d according to the index of an anaerobic fermentation system.
2. The method for stably regulating and controlling in-situ upgrading and efficiency enhancement of the anaerobic fermentation system according to claim 1, wherein the operation load of the anaerobic fermentation system is increased by increasing the substrate concentration or shortening the hydraulic retention time.
3. The method for stably regulating and controlling in-situ quality and efficiency improvement of the anaerobic fermentation system according to claim 1, wherein the existing operation conditions of the anaerobic fermentation system are not changed in operation temperature, pH, stirring speed and substrate concentration except for the operation load increase and change caused by hydraulic retention time shortening.
4. The method for stably regulating and controlling in-situ quality and efficiency improvement of the anaerobic fermentation system according to claim 1, wherein in the starting stage or low-load operation stage of the anaerobic fermentation system, a regulation strategy of high increase of operation load is adopted within the range of the load bearing value of the known reactor in stable operation, so that the starting time of the anaerobic fermentation system is shortened, and the efficiency of the anaerobic fermentation system is improved in a short time; if the bearable load value is not determined, a regulation strategy of low amplification of the operation load is adopted, and the operation time is 0.5-3.0 hydraulic retention time.
5. The method for stably regulating and controlling in-situ upgrading and efficiency enhancement of the anaerobic fermentation system according to claim 1, wherein the regulation strategy of low increase of the operation load and gradual reduction of the increase of the operation load stably operates for at least 3.0-5.0 hydraulic retention time, namely, the regulation operation of increasing the operation load is performed on the basis of the existing high-load operation after no acid inhibition exists in the system.
6. The method for stably regulating and controlling in-situ quality improvement and efficiency enhancement of the anaerobic fermentation system according to claim 1, wherein in the process of regulating and controlling the load of the anaerobic fermentation system, indexes of the anaerobic fermentation system to be detected mainly comprise short-chain fatty acids and pH, when the short-chain fatty acids are accumulated to exceed 15g-COD/L or the pH is lower than 6.5, the operation load of the anaerobic fermentation system needs to be timely reduced, and the operation load of the anaerobic fermentation system is regulated to the maximum operation load capable of stably operating after acid inhibition is removed.
7. The in-situ quality-improving and efficiency-improving stable regulation and control method of the anaerobic fermentation system according to claim 1, wherein the configuration of the main reactor of the anaerobic fermentation system is a complete mixed reactor (CSTR), an anaerobic membrane bioreactor (AnMBR), an upflow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor (UASB) or a Dynamic Membrane Bioreactor (DMBR), and the treated object is high-concentration organic wastewater or organic solid waste.
8. The method for stably regulating and controlling in-situ quality improvement and efficiency enhancement of the anaerobic fermentation system according to claim 1, wherein the anaerobic fermentation system is a mesophilic anaerobic fermentation system or a thermophilic anaerobic fermentation system by temperature differentiation; whether the anaerobic fermentation system is divided into a single-phase anaerobic fermentation system or a two-phase anaerobic fermentation system is divided into an acidogenic phase and a methanogenic phase.
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