CN113942360A - Vehicle thermal management system - Google Patents

Vehicle thermal management system Download PDF

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Publication number
CN113942360A
CN113942360A CN202011359723.2A CN202011359723A CN113942360A CN 113942360 A CN113942360 A CN 113942360A CN 202011359723 A CN202011359723 A CN 202011359723A CN 113942360 A CN113942360 A CN 113942360A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
coolant
line
refrigerant
valve
heater
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
CN202011359723.2A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
金渊浩
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Hyundai Motor Co
Kia Corp
Original Assignee
Hyundai Motor Co
Kia Motors Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Hyundai Motor Co, Kia Motors Corp filed Critical Hyundai Motor Co
Publication of CN113942360A publication Critical patent/CN113942360A/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
    • B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
    • B60H1/00357—Air-conditioning arrangements specially adapted for particular vehicles
    • B60H1/00385—Air-conditioning arrangements specially adapted for particular vehicles for vehicles having an electrical drive, e.g. hybrid or fuel cell
    • B60H1/00392—Air-conditioning arrangements specially adapted for particular vehicles for vehicles having an electrical drive, e.g. hybrid or fuel cell for electric vehicles having only electric drive means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
    • B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
    • B60H1/00321—Heat exchangers for air-conditioning devices
    • B60H1/00342—Heat exchangers for air-conditioning devices of the liquid-liquid type
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
    • B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
    • B60H1/00271—HVAC devices specially adapted for particular vehicle parts or components and being connected to the vehicle HVAC unit
    • B60H1/00278—HVAC devices specially adapted for particular vehicle parts or components and being connected to the vehicle HVAC unit for the battery
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
    • B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
    • B60H1/00485—Valves for air-conditioning devices, e.g. thermostatic valves
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
    • B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
    • B60H1/00642—Control systems or circuits; Control members or indication devices for heating, cooling or ventilating devices
    • B60H1/00814—Control systems or circuits characterised by their output, for controlling particular components of the heating, cooling or ventilating installation
    • B60H1/00878—Control systems or circuits characterised by their output, for controlling particular components of the heating, cooling or ventilating installation the components being temperature regulating devices
    • B60H1/00885—Controlling the flow of heating or cooling liquid, e.g. valves or pumps
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
    • B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
    • B60H1/02—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices the heat being derived from the propulsion plant
    • B60H1/03—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices the heat being derived from the propulsion plant and from a source other than the propulsion plant
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
    • B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
    • B60H1/02—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices the heat being derived from the propulsion plant
    • B60H1/14—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices the heat being derived from the propulsion plant otherwise than from cooling liquid of the plant, e.g. heat from the grease oil, the brakes, the transmission unit
    • B60H1/143—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices the heat being derived from the propulsion plant otherwise than from cooling liquid of the plant, e.g. heat from the grease oil, the brakes, the transmission unit the heat being derived from cooling an electric component, e.g. electric motors, electric circuits, fuel cells or batteries
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
    • B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
    • B60H1/32—Cooling devices
    • B60H1/3204—Cooling devices using compression
    • B60H1/3205—Control means therefor
    • B60H1/3213—Control means therefor for increasing the efficiency in a vehicle heat pump
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
    • B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
    • B60H1/32—Cooling devices
    • B60H1/3204—Cooling devices using compression
    • B60H1/3227—Cooling devices using compression characterised by the arrangement or the type of heat exchanger, e.g. condenser, evaporator
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
    • B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
    • B60H1/32—Cooling devices
    • B60H1/3204—Cooling devices using compression
    • B60H1/323—Cooling devices using compression characterised by comprising auxiliary or multiple systems, e.g. plurality of evaporators, or by involving auxiliary cooling devices
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K1/00—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
    • B60L58/24—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries for controlling the temperature of batteries
    • B60L58/26—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries for controlling the temperature of batteries by cooling
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/66—Heat-exchange relationships between the cells and other systems, e.g. central heating systems or fuel cells
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
    • B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
    • B60H1/00271—HVAC devices specially adapted for particular vehicle parts or components and being connected to the vehicle HVAC unit
    • B60H2001/00307—Component temperature regulation using a liquid flow
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K1/00—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units
    • B60K2001/003—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units with means for cooling the electrical propulsion units
    • B60K2001/005—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units with means for cooling the electrical propulsion units the electric storage means

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Air-Conditioning For Vehicles (AREA)
  • Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a vehicle thermal management system comprising: a cooling device that circulates a cooling liquid in the cooling liquid line to cool at least one electrical component disposed in the cooling liquid line; a battery cooling device that circulates a cooling liquid through the battery module; a refrigerator for heat-exchanging the coolant with a refrigerant to control a temperature of the coolant; a heater heating the interior of the vehicle with the coolant; and a branch line; wherein a condenser included in the air conditioner is connected to the cooling liquid line to pass the cooling liquid of the circulating cooling device.

Description

Vehicle thermal management system
Cross Reference to Related Applications
This application claims priority from korean patent application No. 10-2020-0088820, filed on 17.7.2020, which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety for all purposes.
Technical Field
The invention relates to a vehicle thermal management system. More particularly, the present invention relates to a vehicle thermal management system that adjusts the temperature of a battery module by using one refrigerator that performs heat exchange between a refrigerant and a coolant and improves heating efficiency by using waste heat generated from electrical components.
Background
In recent years, electric vehicles have been attracting attention as vehicles in the future as environmental and energy resources have become important issues. The electric vehicle uses a battery module, in which a plurality of chargeable and dischargeable secondary batteries are formed as a set, as a main power source, and thus does not generate exhaust gas and has very low noise.
Such an electric vehicle is driven by a drive motor that is operated by electric power supplied from a battery module. In addition, the electric vehicle includes electric components for controlling and managing the driving motor and the plurality of electronic convenience devices and charging the battery module.
On the other hand, since a large amount of heat is generated in the battery and the electric components and the driving motor used as a main power source of the electric vehicle, effective cooling is required, and thus effective temperature management of the electric components and the battery module is a very important issue.
Conventionally, separate cooling systems are applied to adjust the temperatures of the electrical components and the battery modules, but the capacity of the cooling system needs to be increased according to the sizes of the electrical components and the battery modules, which results in space limitations. Further, as the capacity of the cooling system is increased, the power required to operate the cooling system also increases.
Therefore, it is required to develop a technology for effectively utilizing waste heat generated from the electrical components and adjusting the temperatures of the electrical components and the battery to maximize energy efficiency while ensuring durability of the electrical components and the battery module in the electric vehicle.
The information contained in this background section is only for enhancement of understanding of the general background of the invention and should not be taken as an acknowledgement or any form of suggestion that this information forms the prior art known to a person skilled in the art.
Disclosure of Invention
Technical problem to be solved
Various aspects of the present invention are directed to providing a vehicle thermal management system that regulates the temperature of a battery module by using one refrigerator that performs heat exchange between a refrigerant and a coolant, and improves heating efficiency by using waste heat generated from electrical components.
(II) technical scheme
Various aspects of the present invention are directed to a vehicle thermal management system, which may include: a cooling device configured to include a first radiator, a first water pump, and a valve connected by a coolant line, and to circulate coolant in the coolant line to cool at least one electrical component provided in the coolant line; a battery cooling device configured to include a battery coolant line connected to the valve, a second radiator and a second water pump connected through the battery coolant line, and the battery module, and to circulate coolant to the battery module; a refrigerator connected to a first connection line and a second connection line, wherein the first connection line is connected to a battery coolant line between the second radiator and the battery module, and the second connection line is connected to the valve, and the refrigerator is connected to a refrigerant line of the air conditioner through a refrigerant connection line to adjust a temperature of the coolant by heat exchange between the coolant introduced into the refrigerator and the refrigerant selectively supplied from the air conditioner; a heater provided in a coolant line between the electric component and the first radiator to heat the vehicle interior by using the coolant supplied from the cooling device; and a branch line having a first end connected to the coolant line between the first radiator and the heater and a second end connected to the valve; and wherein a condenser included in the air conditioner is connected to the cooling liquid line to pass the cooling liquid of the circulating cooling device.
The air conditioner may include: an evaporator connected to the refrigerant line; a condenser disposed in a coolant line between the first radiator and the heater to circulate the coolant to perform heat exchange between the coolant and the refrigerant supplied through the refrigerant line; a compressor connected between the evaporator and the condenser through a refrigerant line; a sub-condenser disposed in a refrigerant line between the condenser and the evaporator; a first expansion valve disposed in a refrigerant line between the sub-condenser and the evaporator; and a second expansion valve disposed in the refrigerant connection line.
When the battery module is cooled by the refrigerant, the second expansion valve may expand the refrigerant introduced through the refrigerant connection line to flow into the refrigerator.
A first end of the refrigerant connection line may be connected to the refrigerant line between the sub-condenser and the first expansion valve, and a second end of the refrigerant connection line may be connected to the refrigerant line between the evaporator and the compressor.
Each of the refrigerator and the condenser may be a water-cooled heat exchanger, and the sub-condenser may be an air-cooled heat exchanger.
May further include: and an air heater disposed at an opposite side of the evaporator, the heater being interposed between the air heater and the evaporator to selectively heat external air passing through the heater.
When the temperature of the coolant supplied to the heater is lower than the target temperature for internal heating, the air heater may be operated to raise the temperature of the external air passing through the heater.
When cooling the battery module in a cooling mode of the vehicle, in the cooling device, a coolant is circulated in the coolant line by operation of the first water pump; the branch line is closed by operation of a valve; the first connection line is opened and the second connection line is opened by operation of the valve; the portion of the battery coolant line connected to the second radiator is closed by operation of the valve; in the battery cooling device, by operation of the second water pump, along the opened portion of the battery coolant line to supply the coolant passing through the refrigerator along the first and second connection lines to the battery module; in the air conditioner, a refrigerant line connecting the sub-condenser and the evaporator is opened by the operation of the first expansion valve; the refrigerant connection line is opened by the operation of the second expansion valve; and the first expansion valve and the second expansion valve expand the refrigerant supplied to the refrigerant line and the refrigerant connection line, respectively, and supply the expanded refrigerant to the evaporator and the refrigerator.
The condenser may condense the refrigerant by heat exchange with the cooling liquid, and the sub-condenser may further condense the refrigerant introduced from the condenser by heat exchange with the external air.
When a dehumidification mode of the vehicle is performed, the branch line is opened by operation of the valve; closing the first connecting line; the second connecting line is closed by operation of the valve; in the cooling apparatus, a coolant line connected to the first radiator and the valve is closed based on the branch line; by the operation of the first water pump, the coolant whose temperature is increased while passing through the electric parts is supplied to the heater along the opened coolant line without passing through the first radiator; the coolant discharged from the heater is introduced into the valve along the opened coolant line and the opened branch line; the coolant introduced into the valve is supplied to the electrical components along the opened coolant line; in the air conditioner, refrigerant circulates in the opened refrigerant line by the operation of the first expansion valve; a first expansion valve expanding the refrigerant so that the expanded refrigerant is supplied to the evaporator; and the second expansion valve closes the refrigerant connection line.
When the electrical components and the battery modules are cooled by using the cooling liquid, the branch lines are closed by the operation of the valves; the first connecting line is closed and the second connecting line is closed by operation of the valve; the cooling device and the battery cooling device form independent closed loops through the operation of the valve; supplying the coolant cooled in the first radiator from the valve to the electric components along the coolant line by operation of the first water pump; and supplying the coolant cooled in the second radiator to the battery module from the valve along the battery coolant line by operation of the second water pump.
When the waste heat of the electrical components is utilized in the heating mode of the vehicle, the branch line is opened by the operation of the valve; closing the first connecting line; the second connecting line is closed by operation of the valve; in the cooling apparatus, a coolant line connected to the first radiator and the valve is closed based on the branch line; by the operation of the first water pump, the coolant whose temperature is increased while passing through the electric parts is supplied to the heater along the opened coolant line without passing through the first radiator; the coolant discharged from the heater is introduced into the valve along the opened coolant line and the opened branch line; and the coolant introduced into the valve is supplied to the electrical components along the opened coolant line.
The cooling device is deactivated when the battery module is heated; the branch line is closed by operation of a valve; the first connection line is opened and the second connection line is opened by operation of the valve; closing the battery coolant line connected to the second radiator and the battery coolant line connecting the second radiator and the valve based on the first connection line; and the coolant passing through the battery module circulates along the opened first connection line, the opened second connection line, and the opened battery coolant line by the operation of the second water pump, without passing through the second radiator.
A first end of the first connection line is connected to the battery coolant line between the second radiator and the battery module, and a second end of the first connection line is connected to the refrigerator.
The first end of the second connecting line is connected to the valve and the second end of the second connecting line is connected to the refrigerator.
The at least one electrical component comprises a motor or power control unit, i.e. an EPCU or an inverter or an autopilot controller or an on-board charger, i.e. an OBC.
The valve may be a six-way valve.
The battery cooling apparatus further includes a first coolant heater disposed in a battery coolant line between the battery module and the second radiator.
When heating the battery module, the first coolant heater is operated to heat the coolant supplied to the battery module along the battery coolant line.
The second coolant heater is disposed in the heating line between the third water pump and the heater, and is operated to heat the coolant supplied to the heater along the heating line when the temperature of the coolant supplied to the heater is lower than a target temperature.
A first reservoir is disposed in the coolant line between the first radiator and the valve, and a second reservoir is disposed in the battery coolant line between the second radiator and the valve.
(III) advantageous effects
As described above, according to the vehicle thermal management system according to the exemplary embodiment of the present invention, the temperature of the battery module can be adjusted according to the mode of the vehicle by using one refrigerator for exchanging heat between the coolant and the refrigerant, and the interior of the vehicle can be heated by using the coolant, thereby simplifying the entire system.
According to various exemplary embodiments of the present invention, it is also possible to improve heating efficiency by recovering waste heat from electrical components and using the waste heat for internal heating.
Further, according to various exemplary embodiments of the present invention, it is possible to optimize the performance of the battery module by effectively controlling the temperature of the battery module and increase the total travel distance of the vehicle by effectively managing the battery module.
Further, according to various exemplary embodiments of the present invention, it is possible to increase the condensing performance of the refrigerant by using the condenser and the sub-condenser to improve the cooling performance and reduce the power consumption of the compressor.
Further, according to various exemplary embodiments of the present invention, it is possible to reduce manufacturing costs and weight and improve space utilization by simplification of the entire system.
The method and apparatus of the present invention have other features and advantages which are apparent from or are set forth in more detail in the accompanying drawings and the detailed description of the invention, which together serve to explain certain principles of the invention.
Drawings
FIG. 1 shows a block diagram of a vehicle thermal management system according to various exemplary embodiments of the invention.
Fig. 2 illustrates an operational state diagram of a vehicle thermal management system cooling electrical components and a battery module by using a coolant according to various exemplary embodiments of the present invention.
Fig. 3 illustrates an operational state diagram of a vehicle thermal management system according to various exemplary embodiments of the present invention for cooling a battery module by using a refrigerant in a cooling mode of a vehicle.
FIG. 4 illustrates an operational state diagram of a vehicle thermal management system utilizing waste heat of electrical components to perform a heating mode according to various exemplary embodiments of the present invention.
FIG. 5 illustrates a state diagram of the operation of a dehumidification mode of a vehicle thermal management system according to various exemplary embodiments of the present invention.
FIG. 6 illustrates a state diagram of operation of a vehicle thermal management system to heat a battery module, according to various exemplary embodiments of the present invention.
It is to be understood that the appended drawings are not necessarily to scale, presenting a somewhat simplified representation of various features illustrative of the basic principles of the invention. The specific design features of the invention, including, for example, specific dimensions, orientations, locations, and shapes, are set forth in part in the disclosure herein to be determined by the particular intended application and use environment.
In the drawings, reference numerals designate identical or equivalent parts of the present invention.
Detailed Description
Reference will now be made in detail to various embodiments of the invention, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings and described below. While the invention will be described in conjunction with the exemplary embodiments of the invention, it will be understood that the description is not intended to limit the invention to those exemplary embodiments. On the other hand, the present invention is intended to cover not only exemplary embodiments of the present invention but also various alternatives, modifications, equivalents and other embodiments, which may be included within the spirit and scope of the present invention as defined by the appended claims.
Various exemplary embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The exemplary embodiments described in this specification and the configurations shown in the drawings are only the most preferable exemplary embodiments of the present invention, and do not limit the spirit and scope of the present invention. Therefore, it should be understood that various equivalents and modifications may exist in place of them at the time of filing this application.
In order to clarify the present invention, portions irrelevant to the description will be omitted, and the same or similar elements will be denoted by the same reference numerals throughout the specification.
The size and thickness of each element are arbitrarily shown in the drawings, but the present invention is not necessarily limited thereto, and in the drawings, the thicknesses of layers, films, plates, regions, and the like are exaggerated for clarity.
Throughout this specification and the claims which follow, unless explicitly described to the contrary, the word "comprise", or variations such as "comprises" or "comprising", will be understood to imply the inclusion of stated elements but not the exclusion of any other elements.
Further, as used herein, the terms "… cell," "… mechanism," "… portion," "… member," and the like, refer to a unit of an inclusive component that performs at least one or more functions or operations.
FIG. 1 shows a block diagram of a vehicle thermal management system according to various exemplary embodiments of the invention.
According to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, the vehicle thermal management system may regulate the temperature of the battery module 24 by using one refrigerator 30 that exchanges heat between a refrigerant and a coolant, and may recover waste heat generated by the electrical component 15 for internal heating.
Such a thermal management system may be applied to an electric vehicle.
Referring to fig. 1, the thermal management system may include a cooling device 10, a battery cooling device 20, a refrigerator 30, and a heater 40.
First, the cooling device 10 includes a first radiator 12, a first water pump 14, a valve V, and a first reservoir tank 16 connected by a coolant line 11.
The first radiator 12 is mounted at the front of the vehicle, and the cooling fan 13 is mounted at the rear of the first radiator 12, so that the coolant is cooled by the operation of the cooling fan 13 and the heat exchange with the outside air.
Furthermore, the electrical component 15 may comprise an Electric Power Control Unit (EPCU) or a motor or an inverter or an automatic steering controller or an on-board charger (OBC).
The electric components 15 configured as described above may be provided in the coolant line 11 to be cooled by water cooling.
Therefore, when the waste heat of the electric part 15 is recovered in the heating mode of the vehicle, the heat generated from the EPCU or the motor or the inverter or the automatic driving controller or the OBC can be recovered.
In addition, a first reservoir tank 16 is provided on the coolant line 11 between the first radiator 12 and the first water pump 14. The coolant cooled in the first radiator 12 may be stored in the first reservoir tank 16.
The cooling device 10 may circulate the coolant in the coolant line 11 by operation of the first water pump 14 so that the coolant is supplied to the electric components 15 provided in the coolant line 11.
In addition, the cooling device 10 may further include a branch line 18.
A first end of the branch line 18 is connected to the coolant line 11 between the radiator 12 and the electrical component 15. The second end of branch line 18 may be connected to valve V.
When the waste heat of the electric parts 15 is recovered, the branch line 18 may be selectively opened or closed by the operation of the valve V so that the coolant having passed through the electric parts 15 may be resupplied to the electric parts 15 without passing through the radiator 12.
In the exemplary embodiment of the present invention, the battery cooling device 20 includes a battery coolant line 21 connected to the valve V, a second radiator 22 connected through the battery coolant line 21, a second water pump 23, and a battery module 24.
The battery cooling device 20 may selectively circulate the coolant in the battery module 24 by the operation of the second water pump 23.
Here, the first and second water pumps 14 and 23 may be electric water pumps.
Meanwhile, the battery cooling device 20 may further include a first coolant heater 26, the first coolant heater 26 being disposed in the battery coolant line 21 between the battery module 24 and the second radiator 22.
When it is necessary to increase the temperature of the battery module 24, the first coolant heater 26 is turned on to heat the coolant circulating in the battery coolant line 21 so that the coolant having an increased temperature can be supplied to the battery module 24.
The first coolant heater 26 may be an electric heater operated by supplying electric power.
That is, when the temperature of the coolant supplied to the battery module 24 is lower than the target temperature, the first coolant heater 26 is operated so that the coolant circulating in the battery coolant line 21 can be heated.
Therefore, the coolant, the temperature of which is increased when passing through the first coolant heater 26, may be supplied to the battery modules 24 to increase the temperature of the battery modules 24.
That is, the first coolant heater 26 may be selectively operated when increasing the temperature of the battery module 24.
Meanwhile, a second reservoir tank 27 is provided in the battery coolant line 21 between the second radiator 22 and the valve V. The coolant cooled in the second radiator 22 may be stored in the second reservoir tank 27.
In an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, the refrigerator 30 is connected to a first connection line 32 and a second connection line 34, wherein the first connection line 32 is connected to the battery coolant line 21 between the second radiator 22 and the battery module 24, and the second connection line 34 is connected to the valve V.
The refrigerator 30 is connected to a refrigerant line 51 of the air conditioner 50 through a refrigerant connection line 61.
As a result, the refrigerator 30 may adjust the temperature of the coolant introduced into the refrigerator 30 by exchanging heat between the coolant and the refrigerant selectively supplied from the air conditioner 50. That is, the refrigerator 30 may be a water-cooled heat exchanger into which a coolant flows.
Here, a first end of the first connection line 32 is connected to the battery coolant line 21 between the second radiator 22 and the battery module 24. Further, a second end of the first connection line 32 may be connected to the refrigerator 30.
A first end of the second connecting line 34 is connected to the valve V. A second end of the second connecting line 34 is connected to the refrigerator 30.
First and second connection lines 32 and 34 may be selectively opened such that coolant passing through battery module 24 circulates through battery coolant line 21 via refrigerator 30 or valve V without passing through second radiator 22.
As a result, the refrigerator 30 may adjust the temperature of the coolant by exchanging heat between the coolant selectively supplied through the first connection line 32 and the refrigerant selectively supplied by the air conditioner 50.
The heater 40 is provided in the coolant line 11 between the electric component 15 and the radiator 12 to heat the vehicle interior by using the coolant.
Therefore, when heating the interior of the vehicle, the high-temperature coolant passing through the electric component 15 may be supplied to the heater 40.
That is, by operating the first water pump 14 in the heating mode of the vehicle, the high-temperature coolant passing through the electric parts 15 is supplied to the heater 40, thereby heating the interior of the vehicle.
The heater 40 may be provided inside an HVAC (heating, ventilation, and air conditioning) module included in the air conditioner 50.
Here, a second coolant heater 43 may be provided in the coolant line 11 between the electric component 15 and the heater 40 to selectively heat the coolant circulating in the coolant line 11.
When the temperature of the coolant supplied to the heater 40 is lower than the target temperature in the heating mode of the vehicle, the second coolant heater 43 is in an on operation state to heat the coolant circulating in the coolant line 11, causing the coolant of increased temperature to flow into the heater 40.
The second coolant heater 43 may be an electric heater operated by supplying electric power.
On the other hand, in the exemplary embodiment of the present invention, it is described that the second coolant heater 43 is provided in the coolant line 11, however, without being limited thereto, an air heater 45 for raising the temperature of the outside air flowing into the vehicle interior may be applied instead of the second coolant heater 43.
An air heater 45 may be installed in the HVAC module toward the rear of the heater 40 toward the interior of the vehicle to selectively heat the outside air passing through the heater 40.
That is, any one of the second coolant heater 43 and the air heater 45 may be applied to the heater 40.
The coolant, which is increased in temperature through the electric components 15, is supplied to the heater 40 configured as described above by operating the first water pump 14 in the heating mode of the vehicle, thereby heating the interior of the vehicle.
In an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, the air conditioner 50 includes an HVAC module, a condenser 53, a sub-condenser 54, a first expansion valve 55, an evaporator 56, and a compressor 59 connected by a refrigerant line 51.
First, the HVAC module, not shown, includes: an evaporator 56 connected by a refrigerant line 51; and an opening and closing door for controlling the outside air to pass through the evaporator 56 to be selectively introduced into the heater 40 according to a cooling mode, a heating mode, and a heating and dehumidifying mode of the vehicle.
That is, in the heating mode of the vehicle, the opening and closing door is opened to allow the outside air passing through the evaporator 56 to be introduced into the heater 40. In contrast, in the cooling mode of the vehicle, the opening and closing door closes the heater 40 side so that the outside air cooled while passing through the evaporator 56 flows directly into the vehicle.
Here, when the second coolant heater 43 is not provided in the coolant line 11, the air heater 45 provided in the HVAC module may be provided at an opposite side of the evaporator 56 with the heater 40 interposed between the air heater 45 and the evaporator 56.
When the temperature of the coolant supplied to the heater 40 is lower than the target temperature for interior heating, the air heater 45 may be operated to increase the temperature of the outside air flowing into the heater 40.
On the other hand, when the second coolant heater 43 is not provided in the coolant line 11, the air heater 45 may be provided within the HVAC module.
That is, in the thermal management system according to various exemplary embodiments of the present invention, only one of the second coolant heater 43 and the air heater 45 may be applied.
In an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, a condenser 53 is connected to the refrigerant line 51 to allow the refrigerant to pass therethrough. The condenser 53 is provided on the coolant line 11 between the heater 40 and the radiator 12 to pass the coolant circulating in the coolant line 11.
The condenser 53 may condense the refrigerant by heat exchange with the coolant circulating in the coolant line 11. That is, the condenser 53 may be a water-cooled heat exchanger into which the coolant flows.
The condenser 53 configured as described above may perform heat exchange between the refrigerant supplied from the compressor 59 and the cooling liquid supplied from the cooling device 10 to condense the refrigerant.
In an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, a sub-condenser 54 may be disposed in the refrigerant line 51 between the condenser 53 and the evaporator 56.
Here, the sub-condenser 54 may further condense the refrigerant condensed in the condenser 53 by heat exchange with the outside air. In other words, the sub-condenser 54 is installed in front of the first radiator 12 such that the refrigerant flowing into the sub-condenser 54 exchanges heat with the external air.
As a result, the sub-condenser 54 may be an air-cooling type heat exchanger that condenses the refrigerant by using the external air.
Therefore, the sub-condenser 54 may further condense the refrigerant condensed in the condenser 53 to increase sub-cooling of the cooling liquid, thereby improving a coefficient of performance (COP), which is a cooling capacity coefficient with respect to a power required by the compressor.
A first expansion valve 55 is disposed in refrigerant line 51 between the secondary condenser 54 and the evaporator 56. The first expansion valve 55 receives the refrigerant passing through the second condenser 54 to expand it.
In an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, a first end of the refrigerant connection line 61 is connected to the refrigerant line 51 between the sub-condenser 54 and the first expansion valve 55. A second end of the refrigerant connection line 61 may be connected to the refrigerant line 51 between the evaporator 56 and the compressor 59.
Here, a second expansion valve 63 is provided in the refrigerant connection line 61. When the battery module 24 is cooled by heat exchange with the refrigerant by the coolant, the second expansion valve 63 may expand the refrigerant flowing through the refrigerant connection line 61 to introduce the refrigerant into the refrigerator 30.
Further, when the battery module 24 is cooled by using the refrigerant in the cooling mode of the vehicle, the second expansion valve 63 is operated to expand the refrigerant.
That is, the second expansion valve 63 may introduce the refrigerant discharged from the sub-condenser 54 into the refrigerator 30 in a state of reducing the temperature of the refrigerant by expanding the refrigerant to further reduce the temperature of the coolant passing through the inside of the refrigerator 30.
As a result, the coolant, the temperature of which is decreased by the refrigerator 30, is introduced into the battery module 24, thereby being more efficiently cooled.
A compressor 59 is connected between the evaporator 56 and the condenser 53 by a refrigerant line 51. The compressor 59 may compress a gaseous refrigerant and supply the compressed refrigerant to the condenser 53.
Here, the first and second expansion valves 55 and 63 may be electronic expansion valves that selectively expand the refrigerant while controlling the refrigerant to flow through the cooling liquid line 51 or the refrigerant connection line 61.
Further, the valve V may be a six-way valve.
Hereinafter, the operation and function of the vehicle thermal management system according to the exemplary embodiment of the present invention configured as described above will be described in detail with reference to fig. 2 to 6.
First, an operation of a case where the electric components 15 and the battery module 24 are cooled using the coolant cooled in the first radiator 12 and the second radiator 22 in the vehicle thermal management system according to the exemplary embodiment of the invention will be described with reference to fig. 2.
Fig. 2 illustrates an operational state diagram of a vehicle thermal management system cooling electrical components and a battery module by using a coolant according to various exemplary embodiments of the present invention.
Referring to fig. 2, the branch line 18 is closed by the operation of the valve V. The first connecting line 32 is closed and the second connecting line 34 is closed by operation of the valve V.
Here, the cooling device 10 and the battery cooling device 20 may form independent closed circuits through which each cooling liquid is circulated by the operation of the valve V, respectively.
In the present state, in the cooling device 10, the first water pump 14 is operated to cool the electric components 15.
Therefore, the coolant cooled in the first radiator 12 and stored in the first accumulator tank 16 is supplied to the electric parts 15 while circulating through the coolant line 11 by the operation of the valve V and the first water pump 14.
In the battery cooling device 20, the second water pump 23 is operated to cool the battery module 24.
Therefore, the coolant cooled in the second radiator 22 and stored in the second reservoir tank 27 is supplied to the battery module 24 while circulating through the battery coolant line 21 by the operation of the valve V and the second water pump 23.
That is, each of the cooling liquids cooled in the first and second radiators 12 and 22 and stored in the first and second reservoirs 16 and 27 is circulated through the cooling liquid line 11 and the battery cooling liquid line 21 by the operation of the first and second water pumps 14 and 23, respectively, to effectively cool the electrical parts 15 and the battery module 24.
Since the cooling mode of the vehicle is deactivated, the air conditioner 50 is not operated.
On the other hand, although it is described in the exemplary embodiment of the present invention that both the electrical components 15 and the battery modules 24 are cooled by the coolant cooled in the first and second radiators 12 and 22, the present invention is not limited thereto, and the first and second water pumps 14 and 23 and the valve V may be selectively operated when one of the electrical components 15 and the battery modules 24 is cooled alone.
The operation of the case where the battery module 24 is cooled with the refrigerant in the cooling mode of the vehicle will be described with reference to fig. 3.
Fig. 3 illustrates an operational state diagram of a vehicle thermal management system according to various exemplary embodiments of the present invention for cooling a battery module by using a refrigerant in a cooling mode of a vehicle.
Referring to fig. 3, in the cooling device 10, the coolant circulates in the coolant line 11 by the operation of the first water pump 14.
Here, the branch line 18 is closed by the operation of the valve V. The first connecting line 32 is opened. The second connecting line 34 is opened by the operation of the valve V.
Further, the portion of the battery coolant line 21 connected to the second radiator 22 is closed by operating the valve V.
In the present state, in the battery cooling device 20, the second water pump 23 is operated to cool the battery module 24.
Therefore, in the battery cooling device 20, the coolant passing through the refrigerator 30 along the opened first and second connection lines 32 and 34 is supplied to the battery module 24 along the opened portion of the battery coolant line 21 by operating the second water pump 23.
Here, the cooling device 10 and the battery cooling device 20 may form independent closed circuits through which each cooling liquid is circulated by the operation of the valve V, respectively.
That is, the battery cooling device 20 is not connected to the coolant line 11 by the operation of the valve V.
In the present state, the battery cooling device 20 may form a closed circuit through which the coolant is independently circulated in the open first and second connection lines 32 and 34 and the open battery coolant line 21 by operating the second water pump 23.
That is, the coolant line 11 and the battery coolant line 21 form independent closed circuits, respectively, by the operation of the valve V.
Therefore, in the battery cooling device 20, the coolant passing through the refrigerator 30 may be supplied to the battery module 24 along the first and second connection lines 32 and 34 and the battery coolant line 21 by the operation of the second water pump 23.
The coolant introduced into the battery coolant line 21 passes through the battery module 24 and is then introduced into the refrigerator 30 along the first connection line 32.
That is, the coolant passing through the battery module 24 is introduced from the refrigerator 30 into the valve V along the opened second connection line 34. Thereafter, the coolant may be supplied to the battery module 24 while flowing along the battery coolant line 21 by the operation of the second water pump 23.
Meanwhile, in the cooling device 10, the coolant circulates in the coolant line 11 by the operation of the first water pump 14.
Therefore, the coolant cooled in the first radiator 12 may be supplied to the condenser 53 after passing through the electric components 15 and the heater 40 by the operation of the first water pump 14.
In the air conditioner 50, each constituent element operates to cool the interior of the vehicle. Thus, the refrigerant circulates along the refrigerant line 51.
Here, the refrigerant line 51 connecting the sub-condenser 54 and the evaporator 56 is opened by the operation of the first expansion valve 55. The refrigerant connection line 61 is opened by the operation of the second expansion valve 63.
Accordingly, the refrigerant passing through the sub-condenser 54 may circulate along the refrigerant line 51 and the refrigerant connection line 61.
Here, the first and second expansion valves 55 and 63 may expand the refrigerant such that the expanded refrigerant is supplied to the evaporator 56 and the refrigerator 30, respectively.
The condenser 53 condenses the refrigerant by using the coolant flowing along the coolant line 11. Also, the sub-condenser 54 may further condense the refrigerant introduced from the condenser 53 by heat exchange with the external air.
At the same time, the cooling liquid passing through the refrigerating machine 30 is introduced into the valve V along the second connecting line 34 which is open.
Thereafter, coolant is circulated in the opened battery coolant line 21 by the operation of the second water pump 23 to cool the battery module 24.
The coolant passing through the refrigerator 30 is cooled by heat exchange with the expanded refrigerant supplied to the refrigerator 30. The coolant cooled in the refrigerator 30 is supplied to the battery module 24. Therefore, the battery modules 24 are cooled by the cooled coolant.
That is, the second expansion valve 63 expands some of the refrigerant passing through the sub-condenser 54 to supply the expanded refrigerant to the refrigerator 30, and opens the refrigerant connection line 61.
Accordingly, some of the refrigerant discharged from the sub-condenser 54 is expanded into a low-temperature and low-pressure state by the operation of the second expansion valve 63, and flows into the refrigerator 30 connected to the refrigerant connection line 61.
Thereafter, the refrigerant flowing into the refrigerator 30 is heat-exchanged with the cooling liquid, and then introduced into the compressor 59 through the refrigerant connection line 61.
In other words, the coolant whose temperature has increased by cooling the battery module 24 is cooled by heat exchange with the low-temperature and low-pressure refrigerant in the refrigerator 30. The cooled coolant is supplied to the battery modules 24 again through the opened first and second connection lines 32 and 34 and the battery coolant line 21.
That is, the coolant may effectively cool the battery modules 24 while repeating the above-described operations.
On the other hand, the surplus refrigerant discharged from the sub-condenser 54 flows through the refrigerant line 51 to cool the vehicle interior, and passes through the first expansion valve 55, the evaporator 56, the compressor 59, and the condenser 53 in this order.
Here, the outside air flowing into the HVAC module is cooled by the low-temperature refrigerant flowing into the evaporator 56 while passing through the evaporator 56.
In the present case, the opening and closing door closes a portion passing through the heater 40 to prevent the cooled external air from passing through the heater 40. Therefore, the cooled outside air directly flows into the vehicle interior to cool the vehicle interior.
On the other hand, the refrigerant, the amount of which is increased in condensation while sequentially passing through the condenser 53 and the sub-condenser 54, may be expanded and supplied to the evaporator 56, thereby evaporating the refrigerant at a lower temperature.
As a result, in the exemplary embodiment of the present invention, the condenser 53 condenses the refrigerant, and the sub-condenser 54 further condenses the refrigerant, which is advantageous in forming sub-cooling of the refrigerant.
In addition, since the sub-cooled refrigerant can be evaporated at a lower temperature in the evaporator 56, the temperature of the outside air passing through the evaporator 56 can be further reduced, thereby improving cooling performance and efficiency.
In the cooling mode of the vehicle, by repeating the above-described process, the refrigerant can cool the interior of the vehicle, and at the same time, can cool the coolant by heat exchange while passing through the refrigerator 30.
The low-temperature coolant cooled in the refrigerator 30 is introduced into the battery module 24. Therefore, the battery module 24 can be efficiently cooled by the supplied low-temperature coolant.
In an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, an operation in a case where the air conditioner 50 is not operated but waste heat of the electrical part 15 is utilized in a heating mode of the vehicle will be described with reference to fig. 4.
FIG. 4 illustrates an operational state diagram of a vehicle thermal management system utilizing waste heat of electrical components to perform a heating mode according to various exemplary embodiments of the present invention.
Referring to fig. 4, the thermal management system may heat the vehicle interior by using waste heat from the electrical components 15 without operating the air conditioner 50.
First, in the cooling device 10, the first water pump 14 is operated to circulate the coolant. In the present case, the air conditioner 50 is deactivated.
Here, the branch line 18 is opened by the operation of the valve V.
Further, the first connection line 32 is closed, and the second connection line 34 is closed by the operation of the valve V.
Therefore, based on the branch line 18, the portion of the coolant line 11 connected to the first radiator 12 and the portion of the coolant line 11 connecting the first radiator 12 and the first accumulator tank 16 are closed by operating the valve V.
That is, based on the branch line 18, the portion of the coolant line 11 connected to the first radiator 12, the first reservoir tank 16, and the valve V may be closed.
In the present state, the coolant passing through the electric components 15 may circulate along the opened portion of the coolant line 11 without passing through the first radiator 12 after passing through the valve V along the opened branch line 18 by the operation of the first water pump 14.
Meanwhile, in the battery cooling device 20, the second water pump 23 is deactivated.
That is, the battery coolant line 21 connecting the second water pump 23 and the battery module 24 is closed, and the operation of the battery cooling device 20 is deactivated.
Therefore, the coolant passing through the electrical components 15 is continuously circulated along the opened coolant line 11 and the branch line 18 without passing through the first radiator 12, and absorbs the waste heat of the electrical components 15, thereby increasing the temperature.
While such operations are repeatedly performed, the cooling liquid absorbs waste heat from the electronic components 15 and may increase the temperature.
By the operation of the first water pump 14, the coolant whose temperature is increased by the electric part 15 is supplied to the heater 40 along the opened coolant line 11, without passing through the first radiator 12.
The coolant discharged from the heater 40 is introduced into the valve V along the opened coolant line 11 and the opened branch line 18.
The coolant introduced into the valve V is supplied to the electric part 15 along the opened coolant line 11.
That is, the coolant passing through the electrical components 15 continues to circulate along the opened coolant line 11 and the branch line 18 without passing through the first radiator 12, and absorbs waste heat from the electrical components 15, thereby increasing the temperature thereof.
The coolant of which the temperature is increased is introduced into the heater 40 along the coolant line 11 without passing through the first radiator 12.
Here, when the temperature of the coolant circulating along the coolant line 11 is lower than the target temperature, the second coolant heater 43 is operated so that the coolant circulating in the coolant line 11 can be heated.
On the other hand, when the air heater 45 is applied instead of the second coolant heater 43, the air heater 45 may be selectively operated according to the temperature of the external air passing through the heater 40.
That is, when the temperature of the outside air passing through the heater 40 is lower than the target temperature, the air heater 45 may be operated, thereby heating the outside air flowing into the vehicle interior.
The air heater 45 operates when the temperature of the external air having completed heat exchange with the high-temperature coolant while passing through the heater 40 is lower than a predetermined temperature or a target heating temperature.
When the air heater 45 operates, the external air may be heated while passing through the air heater 45, thereby being introduced into the vehicle interior in a state of increased temperature.
Meanwhile, the high-temperature coolant supplied to the heater 40 is heat-exchanged with the external air, and then introduced into the coolant line 11.
Thereafter, the coolant is introduced into the valve V along the opened branch line 18 without passing through the first radiator 12.
The coolant introduced into the valve V is introduced again into the coolant line 11 connected to the electric component 15.
At the same time, the opening and closing door is opened, so that the external air flowing into the HVAC module passes through the heater 40.
As a result, when the outside air flowing in from the outside passes through the evaporator 56 to which the refrigerant is not supplied, it flows into the inside in an uncooled temperature state. The introduced external air is converted into a high temperature state while passing through the heater 40 to be introduced into the vehicle interior, thereby achieving heating of the vehicle interior.
In other words, according to various exemplary embodiments of the present invention, when the above-described processes are repeated, it is possible to recover waste heat generated by the electrical part 15 and use the waste heat for internal heating, thereby reducing power consumption and improving overall heating efficiency.
Meanwhile, when the electric part 15 is overheated, the coolant line 11 connected to the first radiator 12 is opened by the operation of the valve V, and the branch line 18 is closed.
Therefore, the coolant, which has increased in temperature when passing through the electrical components 15, is cooled when passing through the first radiator 12 after passing through the heater 40 provided in the coolant line 11 by the operation of the first water pump 14, and is introduced again to the electrical components 15 by the operation of the first water pump 14.
That is, the coolant passing through the electric parts 15 absorbs waste heat from the electric parts 15, so that the temperature is increased, and is supplied to the heater 40.
Thereafter, the coolant passing through the heater 40 is cooled while passing through the first radiator 12 by the operation of the first water pump 14.
The cooling liquid having completed the cooling can recover waste heat while passing through the electric parts 15, and at the same time, can efficiently cool the electric parts 15.
As a result, the coolant cooled in the first radiator 12 can be supplied to the electrical component 15, thereby preventing the electrical component 15 from overheating.
An operation of the dehumidification mode of the vehicle according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to fig. 5.
FIG. 5 illustrates a state diagram of the operation of a dehumidification mode of a vehicle thermal management system according to various exemplary embodiments of the present invention.
Here, the dehumidification mode is an operation mode when dehumidification of the vehicle interior is required in the heating mode of the vehicle.
Referring to fig. 5, when the waste heat of the electrical component 15 is sufficient, the thermal management system may recover the waste heat of the electrical component 15 and use it for interior heating of the vehicle.
First, in the cooling device 10, the first water pump 14 is operated to circulate the coolant. Here, the branch line 18 is opened by the operation of the valve V.
Further, the first connection line 32 is closed, and the second connection line 34 is closed by the operation of the valve V.
Therefore, based on the branch line 18, the portion of the coolant line 11 connected to the first radiator 12 and the portion of the coolant line 11 connecting the first radiator 12 and the first accumulator tank 16 are closed by the operation of the valve V.
That is, based on the branch line 18, the portion of the coolant line 11 connected to the first radiator 12, the first reservoir tank 16, and the valve V may be closed.
In the present state, by the operation of the first water pump 14, the coolant passing through the electric components 15 may circulate along the opened portion of the coolant line 11 without passing through the first radiator 12 after passing through the valve V along the opened branch line 18.
Meanwhile, in the battery cooling device 20, the second water pump 23 is deactivated.
That is, the battery coolant line 21 connecting the second water pump 23 and the battery module 24 is closed, and the operation of the battery cooling device 20 is deactivated.
Therefore, the coolant passing through the electrical components 15 continuously circulates along the opened coolant line 11 and the branch line 18 without passing through the first radiator 12, and absorbs waste heat from the electrical components 15, thereby increasing the temperature.
When such an operation is repeatedly performed, the coolant absorbs waste heat from the electrical component 15 and can increase the temperature.
By the operation of the first water pump 14, the coolant, whose temperature is increased while passing through the electric part 15, is supplied to the heater 40 along the opened coolant line 11, without passing through the first radiator 12.
The coolant discharged from the heater 40 is introduced into the valve V along the opened coolant line 11 and the opened branch line 18.
The coolant introduced into the valve V is supplied to the electric part 15 along the opened coolant line 11.
That is, the coolant passing through the electrical components 15 continues to circulate along the opened coolant line 11 and the branch line 18 without passing through the first radiator 12, and absorbs waste heat from the electrical components 15, so that the temperature rises.
The coolant of which the temperature is increased is introduced into the heater 40 along the coolant line 11 without passing through the first radiator 12.
Here, when the temperature of the coolant circulating along the coolant line 11 is lower than the target temperature, the second coolant heater 43 is operated so that the coolant circulating in the coolant line 11 can be heated.
On the other hand, when the air heater 45 is applied instead of the second coolant heater 43, the air heater 45 may be selectively operated according to the temperature of the external air passing through the heater 40.
That is, when the temperature of the outside air passing through the heater 40 is lower than the target temperature, the air heater 45 may be operated, thereby heating the outside air flowing into the vehicle interior.
The air heater 45 operates when the temperature of the external air having completed heat exchange with the high-temperature coolant while passing through the heater 40 is lower than a predetermined temperature or a target heating temperature.
When the air heater 45 operates, the external air may be heated while passing through the air heater 45, thereby being introduced into the vehicle interior in a state of increased temperature.
Meanwhile, the high-temperature coolant supplied to the heater 40 is heat-exchanged with the external air, and then introduced into the coolant line 11.
Thereafter, the coolant is introduced into the valve V along the opened branch line 18 without passing through the first radiator 12.
The coolant introduced into the valve V is introduced again into the coolant line 11 connected to the electric component 15.
At the same time, the opening and closing door is opened, so that the external air flowing into the HVAC module passes through the heater 40.
The introduced external air is converted into a high temperature state while passing through the heater 40 to be introduced into the vehicle interior, thereby achieving heating of the vehicle interior.
In other words, according to various exemplary embodiments of the present invention, by repeating the above-described process, it is possible to recover waste heat generated by the electrical part 15 and use the waste heat for internal heating, thereby reducing power consumption and improving overall heating efficiency.
Meanwhile, in the air conditioner 50, each constituent element operates to dehumidify the vehicle interior. Thus, the refrigerant circulates along the refrigerant line 51.
Here, the refrigerant line 51 connecting the condenser 53 and the evaporator 56 is opened by the operation of the first expansion valve 55.
The refrigerant connection line 61 is closed by the operation of the second expansion valve 63.
Here, the first expansion valve 55 may expand the refrigerant supplied from the sub-condenser 54 to the refrigerant line 51, thereby supplying the expanded refrigerant to the evaporator 56.
Accordingly, the expanded refrigerant supplied to the evaporator 56 by the operation of the first expansion valve 55 is supplied to the compressor 59 along the refrigerant line 51 after being heat-exchanged with the external air passing through the evaporator 56.
That is, the refrigerant passing through the evaporator 56 may be supplied to the compressor 59. Then, the high-temperature and high-pressure refrigerant compressed by the compressor 59 is introduced into the condenser 53.
Here, the opening and closing door is opened so that the outside air introduced into the HVAC module and passed through the evaporator 56 passes through the heater 40.
That is, the outside air introduced into the HVAC module is dehumidified by the refrigerant in a low temperature state introduced into the evaporator 56 while passing through the evaporator 56. Next, the outside air is converted into a high temperature state while passing through the heater 40, and is introduced into the vehicle interior, heating and dehumidifying the vehicle interior.
The operation of the case of heating the battery modules 24 will be described with reference to fig. 6.
FIG. 6 illustrates a state diagram of operation of a vehicle thermal management system to heat a battery module, according to various exemplary embodiments of the present invention.
Referring to fig. 6, the cooling device 10 and the air conditioner 50 are deactivated.
The branch line 18 is closed by operation of the valve V. The first connecting line 32 is opened. The second connecting line 34 is opened by operation of the valve V.
Further, by the operation of the valve V, the portion of the battery coolant line 21 connected to the second radiator 22 is closed.
That is, based on the first connection line 32, the battery coolant line 21 connected to the second radiator 22 and the battery coolant line 21 connecting the second radiator 22 and the valve V are closed.
In the present state, the second water pump 23 operates to raise the temperature of the battery module 24.
As a result, in the battery cooling device 20, the coolant passing through the refrigerator 30 along the opened first and second connection lines 32 and 34 is supplied to the battery module 24 along the opened portion of the battery coolant line 21 by the operation of the second water pump 23.
Here, the coolant passing through the battery module 24 may be circulated along the opened first and second connection lines 32 and 34 and the battery coolant line 21 by the operation of the second water pump 23, without passing through the second radiator 22.
The first coolant heater 26 operates to heat the coolant supplied to the battery modules 24 along the open battery coolant line 21.
Therefore, the coolant circulating in the battery coolant line 21 is increased in temperature while passing through the first coolant heater 26. Therefore, the coolant, the temperature of which is increased when passing through the first coolant heater 26, may be supplied to the battery modules 24 to increase the temperature of the battery modules 24.
As a result, according to various exemplary embodiments of the present invention, by repeating the above-described process, it is possible to rapidly increase the temperature of the battery module 24, thereby effectively managing the temperature of the battery module 24.
Therefore, according to the vehicle thermal management system according to various exemplary embodiments of the present invention as described above, the temperature of the battery module 24 may be adjusted according to the mode of the vehicle by using one refrigerator 30 for exchanging heat between the coolant and the refrigerant, and the interior of the vehicle may be heated by using the coolant, thereby simplifying the entire system.
According to various exemplary embodiments of the present invention, it is also possible to improve heating efficiency by recovering waste heat from the electrical component 15 and using the waste heat for internal heating.
Further, according to various exemplary embodiments of the present invention, it is possible to optimize the performance of the battery module 24 by effectively controlling the temperature of the battery module 24 and to increase the total travel distance of the vehicle by effectively managing the battery module 24.
The present invention also improves the condensing performance of the refrigerant by using the condenser 53 and the sub-condenser 54, thereby improving the cooling performance and reducing the power consumption of the compressor 59.
In addition, the entire system can be simplified to reduce manufacturing costs and weight, and improve space utilization.
In various exemplary embodiments of the present invention, a controller is coupled to at least one element of a thermal management system to control the operation of the element.
Furthermore, the terms "controller", "control unit" or "control device" refer to a hardware device comprising a memory and a processor configured to perform one or more steps that are interpreted as an algorithmic structure. The memory stores algorithm steps, and the processor executes the algorithm steps to perform one or more processes of the method according to various exemplary embodiments of the present invention. The controller according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention may be implemented by a nonvolatile memory configured to store an algorithm for controlling operations of various components of a vehicle or data of software commands for executing the algorithm, and a processor configured to perform the above-described operations using the data stored in the memory. The memory and the processor may be separate chips. Alternatively, the memory and the processor may be integrated in a single chip. A processor may be implemented as one or more processors.
The controller or control unit may be at least one microprocessor operated by a predetermined program, which may include a series of commands for implementing the methods included in the foregoing various exemplary embodiments of the present invention.
The present invention can also be embodied as computer readable codes on a computer readable recording medium. The computer readable recording medium is any data storage device that can store data which can be read by a computer system. Examples of the computer readable recording medium include a Hard Disk Drive (HDD), a Solid State Disk (SSD), a Silicon Disk Drive (SDD), a Read Only Memory (ROM), a Random Access Memory (RAM), a CD-ROM, a magnetic tape, a floppy disk, an optical data storage device, etc., and a carrier wave implementation (e.g., transmission through the internet).
In various exemplary embodiments of the present invention, each of the above-described operations may be performed by a controller, and the controller may be constituted by a plurality of controllers or an integrated single controller.
For convenience in explanation and accurate definition in the appended claims, the terms "upper", "lower", "inner", "outer", "upper", "lower", "upward", "downward", "front", "rear", "inside", "outside", "inward", "outward", "inside", "outside", "inside", "outside", "forward" and "rearward" are used to describe features of the exemplary embodiments with reference to the positions of such features as displayed in the figures. It will be further understood that the term "coupled" or its derivatives refer to both direct and indirect connections.
The foregoing descriptions of specific exemplary embodiments of the present invention are disclosed for purposes of illustration and description. They are not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the invention to the precise forms disclosed, and obviously many modifications and variations are possible in light of the above teaching. The exemplary embodiments were chosen and described in order to explain certain principles of the invention and its practical application to enable others skilled in the art to make and use various exemplary embodiments of the invention and various alternatives and modifications thereof. It is intended that the scope of the invention be defined by the following claims and their equivalents.

Claims (20)

1. A vehicle thermal management system, comprising:
a cooling device including a first radiator, a first water pump, and a valve connected by a coolant line, and circulating a coolant in the coolant line to cool at least one electrical component disposed in the coolant line;
a battery cooling device including a battery coolant line connected to the valve, a second radiator, a second water pump, and a battery module connected through the battery coolant line, and circulating the coolant to the battery module;
a refrigerator connected to a first connection line and a second connection line, the first connection line being connected to the battery coolant line between the second radiator and the battery module, and the second connection line being connected to the valve, and the refrigerator being connected to a refrigerant line of an air conditioner through a refrigerant connection line to adjust a temperature of the coolant by heat exchange between the coolant introduced into the refrigerator and a refrigerant selectively supplied from the air conditioner;
a heater provided in the coolant line between the at least one electric component and the first radiator to heat a vehicle interior by using the coolant supplied from the cooling device; and
a branch line having a first end connected to the coolant line between the first radiator and the heater and a second end connected to the valve; and is
Wherein a condenser included in the air conditioner is connected to the cooling liquid line to pass the cooling liquid circulating the cooling device.
2. The thermal management system of claim 1, wherein the air conditioner comprises:
an evaporator connected to the refrigerant line;
the condenser disposed in the coolant line between the first radiator and the heater to circulate coolant to perform heat exchange between the coolant and the refrigerant supplied through the refrigerant line;
a compressor connected between the evaporator and the condenser through the refrigerant line;
a secondary condenser disposed in the refrigerant line between the condenser and the evaporator;
a first expansion valve disposed in the refrigerant line between the sub-condenser and the evaporator; and
a second expansion valve disposed in the refrigerant connection line.
3. The thermal management system of claim 2, wherein the second expansion valve expands the refrigerant introduced through the refrigerant connection line to flow into the refrigerator when the battery module is cooled by the refrigerant.
4. The thermal management system of claim 2,
wherein a first end of the refrigerant connection line is connected to the refrigerant line between the sub-condenser and the first expansion valve, and
wherein a second end of the refrigerant connection line is connected to the refrigerant line between the evaporator and the compressor.
5. The thermal management system of claim 4, wherein each of the chiller and the condenser is a water-cooled heat exchanger and the secondary condenser is an air-cooled heat exchanger.
6. The thermal management system of claim 2, further comprising:
an air heater disposed at an opposite side of the evaporator with the heater interposed therebetween to selectively heat external air passing through the heater.
7. The thermal management system of claim 6, wherein the air heater is operated to increase the temperature of the outside air passing through the heater when the temperature of the coolant supplied to the heater is lower than a target temperature for internal heating.
8. The thermal management system of claim 2,
when the battery module is cooled in the cooling mode of the vehicle,
in the cooling device, the coolant is circulated in the coolant line by operation of the first water pump;
the branch line is closed by operation of the valve;
the first connection line is opened and the second connection line is opened by the operation of the valve;
a portion of the battery coolant line connected to the second radiator is closed by operation of the valve;
in the battery cooling device, by operation of the second water pump, along an open portion of the battery coolant line to supply the coolant passing through the refrigerator along the first and second connection lines to the battery module;
in the air conditioner, the refrigerant line connecting the sub-condenser and the evaporator is opened by operation of the first expansion valve;
the refrigerant connection line is opened by the operation of the second expansion valve; and is
The first expansion valve and the second expansion valve expand the refrigerant supplied to the refrigerant line and the refrigerant connection line, respectively, and supply the expanded refrigerant to the evaporator and the refrigerator.
9. The thermal management system of claim 8, wherein the condenser condenses the refrigerant by exchanging heat with the cooling liquid, and the sub-condenser further condenses the refrigerant introduced from the condenser by exchanging heat with the outside air.
10. The thermal management system of claim 2,
when the dehumidification mode of the vehicle is performed,
the branch line is opened by operation of the valve;
the first connection line is closed;
the second connecting line is closed by operation of the valve;
in the cooling device, the cooling liquid line connected to the first radiator and the valve is closed based on the branch line;
the coolant, whose temperature is increased while passing through the at least one electrical component, is supplied to the heater along the opened coolant line without passing through the first radiator by the operation of the first water pump;
the coolant discharged from the heater is introduced into the valve along the coolant line that is opened and the branch line that is opened;
the coolant introduced into the valve is supplied to the at least one electrical component along the coolant line that is opened;
in the air conditioner, the refrigerant circulates in the refrigerant line opened by the operation of the first expansion valve;
the first expansion valve expands the refrigerant so that the expanded refrigerant is supplied to the evaporator; and is
The second expansion valve closes the refrigerant connection line.
11. The thermal management system of claim 1,
when the at least one electrical component and the battery module are cooled by using the cooling liquid,
the branch line is closed by operation of the valve;
the first connection line is closed and the second connection line is closed by operation of the valve;
the cooling means and the battery cooling means form independent closed circuits by operation of the valves, respectively;
supplying the coolant cooled in the first radiator from the valve to the at least one electrical component along the coolant line by operation of the first water pump; and is
Supplying the coolant cooled in the second radiator from the valve to the battery module along the battery coolant line by operation of the second water pump.
12. The thermal management system of claim 1,
when the waste heat of the at least one electrical component is utilized in the heating mode of the vehicle,
the branch line is opened by operation of the valve;
the first connection line is closed;
the second connecting line is closed by operation of the valve;
in the cooling device, the cooling liquid line connected to the first radiator and the valve is closed based on the branch line;
the coolant, whose temperature is increased while passing through the at least one electrical component, is supplied to the heater along the opened coolant line without passing through the first radiator by the operation of the first water pump;
the coolant discharged from the heater is introduced into the valve along the coolant line that is opened and the branch line that is opened; and is
The coolant introduced into the valve is supplied to the at least one electrical component along the coolant line that is opened.
13. The thermal management system of claim 1,
when the battery module is heated up, the battery module is,
the cooling device is deactivated;
the branch line is closed by operation of the valve;
the first connection line is opened and the second connection line is opened by the operation of the valve;
the battery coolant line connected to the second radiator and the battery coolant line connecting the second radiator and the valve are closed based on the first connection line; and is
The coolant passing through the battery module circulates along the opened first connection line, the opened second connection line, and the opened battery coolant line without passing through the second radiator by the operation of the second water pump.
14. The thermal management system of claim 1, wherein a first end of the first connecting line is connected to the battery coolant line between the second heat sink and the battery module, and a second end of the first connecting line is connected to the chiller.
15. The thermal management system of claim 1, wherein a first end of the second connecting line is connected to the valve and a second end of the second connecting line is connected to the chiller.
16. The thermal management system of claim 1, wherein the at least one electrical component comprises a motor or power control unit (EPCU) or inverter or autopilot controller or on-board charger (OBC).
17. The thermal management system of claim 1, wherein the battery cooling device further comprises a first coolant heater disposed in the battery coolant line between the battery module and the second heat sink.
18. The thermal management system of claim 17,
when heating the battery module, the first coolant heater is operated to heat the coolant supplied to the battery module along the battery coolant line.
19. The thermal management system of claim 1,
wherein a second coolant heater is provided in the coolant line between the at least one electrical component and the heater, and
operating the second coolant heater to heat the coolant supplied to the heater along the coolant line when the temperature of the coolant supplied to the heater is lower than a target temperature.
20. The thermal management system of claim 1,
wherein a first reservoir tank is provided in the coolant line between the first radiator and the valve, and
wherein a second reservoir tank is disposed in the battery coolant line between the second radiator and the valve.
CN202011359723.2A 2020-07-17 2020-11-27 Vehicle thermal management system Pending CN113942360A (en)

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KR20220010217A (en) 2022-01-25

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