CN113941917B

CN113941917B - New energy automobile brake pipe hard tube connects grinding equipment

Info

Publication number: CN113941917B
Application number: CN202111567965.5A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 张剑
Original assignee: Yuyao Tengyang Machinery Co ltd
Current assignee: Yuyao Tengyang Machinery Co ltd
Priority date: 2021-12-21
Filing date: 2021-12-21
Publication date: 2022-03-01
Anticipated expiration: 2041-12-21
Also published as: CN113941917A

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of automobile part processing, and discloses new energy automobile brake pipe hard tube joint grinding equipment which comprises a machine tool body and a fixed grinding roller on the machine tool body, wherein a second electric push rod is further installed on the machine tool body, a movable grinding roller is further installed on the second electric push rod, a support box is further installed on the machine tool body, a first electric push rod is further installed on the support box, a containing clamp is further installed on the first electric push rod, and a welding frame is further installed on the machine tool body. According to the invention, the positions of parts are adjusted through the inclined plate and the adjusting groove, and the parts are uniformly placed in order through the vertical pipes, the inclined pipes and the transverse pipes, so that the device can automatically stack and process materials, the inclined plate is driven to move up and down by the movement of the connecting plate, disordered parts are automatically adjusted in position and are buckled on the adjusting groove, and the phenomenon that the parts are disordered and accumulated is reduced by shaking the inclined plate.

Description

New energy automobile brake pipe hard tube connects grinding equipment

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of automobile part processing, in particular to grinding equipment for a hard tube joint of a brake tube of a new energy automobile.

Background

The grinding processing belongs to finish machining, the processing amount is small, the precision is high, the application is wider in the mechanical manufacturing industry, a large number of regularly arranged cracks, namely grinding cracks, often appear on the surface basically vertical to the grinding direction during grinding of the carbon tool steel and carburization quenching steel parts subjected to heat treatment quenching, the appearance of the parts is influenced, more importantly, the quality of the parts is also directly influenced, and the grinding tools such as grinding wheels rotating at high speed and the like are utilized for cutting processing of the surface of a workpiece. And grinding the inner cylindrical surface, the outer cylindrical surface, the conical surface and the plane of various workpieces, and special and complex forming surfaces such as threads, gears, splines and the like, wherein the hard pipe joint of the brake pipe of the new energy automobile needs to be ground.

However, the existing grinding equipment for the hard pipe joint of the brake pipe of the new energy automobile needs continuous feeding during machining, and the size and the shape of the hard pipe joint of the brake pipe of the new energy automobile are small, so that most of the grinding equipment is used for manual material stacking and feeding, a large amount of labor and financial resources are wasted, the speed of manual material stacking is low, and the production and machining efficiency is seriously influenced.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention provides grinding equipment for a hard pipe joint of a brake pipe of a new energy automobile, which has the beneficial effect of automatic material stacking and feeding, and solves the problems that the grinding equipment for the hard pipe joint of the brake pipe of the new energy automobile needs to continuously feed materials during processing, and the size and the shape of the hard pipe joint of the brake pipe of the new energy automobile are small, so most of the grinding equipment are manually stacked and fed, a large amount of labor and financial resources are wasted, the speed of manual stacking is low, and the production and processing effects are seriously influenced.

The invention provides the following technical scheme: a new energy automobile brake pipe hard tube joint grinding device comprises a machine tool body and a fixed grinding roller on the machine tool body, wherein a second electric push rod is further mounted on the machine tool body, a movable grinding roller is further mounted on the second electric push rod, a support box is further mounted on the machine tool body, a first electric push rod is further mounted on the support box, a containing clamp is further mounted on the first electric push rod, a welding frame is further mounted on the machine tool body, a connecting plate is mounted on the welding frame, baffles are mounted on two sides of the connecting plate, a connecting square plate is connected onto the baffles, inclined plates are further mounted on the connecting square plate, an adjusting groove is formed between the two inclined plates, and the adjusting groove is used for limiting parts;

install the telescopic link on the baffle, the telescopic link is connected with being connected the square slab, still install transmission on the baffle, transmission is used for the extrusion to connect the square slab, transmission is including installing the stripper plate inside the baffle, the stripper plate is used for contradicting and connects the square slab, still install the standpipe on the welding frame, still install the pipe chute on the standpipe, still install violently the pipe on the pipe chute, standpipe, pipe chute and violently manage and be used for carrying spacing part to accomodating press from both sides the department.

As an alternative scheme of the new energy automobile brake pipe hard tube joint grinding equipment, the grinding equipment comprises: the inner part of the baffle is rotatably connected with a round sleeve, the round sleeve is connected with the extrusion plate, the round sleeve is further provided with a stress plate, the round sleeve is further provided with an elastic sheet, the elastic sheet is connected with the baffle, and the elastic sheet is used for driving the stress plate to reset.

As an alternative scheme of the new energy automobile brake pipe hard tube joint grinding equipment, the grinding equipment comprises: still be provided with first ring channel on the baffle, the inside rotation of first ring channel is connected with the rack, the inside meshing of rack is connected with the gear, the gear is used for driving the rack rotation, the rack takes align to grid to install and stretches out the board, it is used for the conflict atress board to stretch out the board.

As an alternative scheme of the new energy automobile brake pipe hard tube joint grinding equipment, the grinding equipment comprises: still install stop device on the connecting plate, stop device is used for adjusting part's position, stop device is including installing the backup pad on the rack area, install the rectangular board in the backup pad, install the regulating plate on the rectangular board, the regulating plate is used for adjusting part's position.

As an alternative scheme of the new energy automobile brake pipe hard tube joint grinding equipment, the grinding equipment comprises: still install the welding board on the connecting plate, install the arc shell fragment on the welding board, the rectangular board is used for contradicting the arc shell fragment, backup pad sliding connection is in one side of rectangular board, still install the spring on the rectangular board, the spring is connected with the backup pad.

As an alternative scheme of the new energy automobile brake pipe hard tube joint grinding equipment, the grinding equipment comprises: the inside of standpipe still installs the dog, the dog is used for spacing part.

As an alternative scheme of the new energy automobile brake pipe hard tube joint grinding equipment, the grinding equipment comprises: still install the motor on the baffle, the output shaft of motor is connected with the gear, still rotate on the swash plate and be connected with the swiveling wheel, the swiveling wheel is used for carrying the part.

As an alternative scheme of the new energy automobile brake pipe hard tube joint grinding equipment, the grinding equipment comprises: still install the steel sheet in the backup pad, install the cylinder on the steel sheet, still be provided with the second annular groove on the baffle, cylinder sliding connection is in the inside of second annular groove.

The invention has the following beneficial effects:

1. this new energy automobile brake pipe hard tube connects grinding equipment through the position of swash plate and adjustment tank regulating part to let the part evenly put neatly through standpipe, pipe chute and violently pipe, thereby realize the device can automatic sign indicating number material and automatic feeding processing.

2. This new energy automobile brake pipe hard tube connects grinding equipment utilizes the motion of connecting plate to drive the swash plate up-and-down motion, lets the part regulation position by oneself of mixed and disorderly chapter to the buckle is on the adjustment tank, makes the device realize reducing the accumulational phenomenon of part mixed and disorderly chapter through the shake swash plate.

3. This new energy automobile brake pipe hard tube connects grinding equipment rotates through the annular of rack area, has adjusted the high position of regulating plate to this has realized that the regulating plate can promote the part to the standpipe department after height-adjusting position and slide, realizes automatic unloading.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of the whole of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a portion of the structure of FIG. 1.

Fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of the transmission device of the present invention.

Fig. 4 is a schematic structural view of the limiting device of the present invention.

Fig. 5 is a schematic view showing the structure of the steel plate and the ring-shaped groove of the present invention.

In the figure: 1. a machine tool body; 2. a transmission device; 3. a sloping plate; 5. welding a frame; 6. a limiting device; 7. a baffle plate; 8. connecting the square plates; 9. a vertical tube; 10. an inclined tube; 11. a transverse tube; 12. a support box; 14. a first electric push rod; 15. a receiving clip; 16. moving the grinding roller; 17. a second electric push rod; 18. a grinding roller is fixed; 19. a part; 20. an adjustment groove; 21. a gear; 22. a motor; 23. a rack belt; 24. a first annular groove; 25. extending the plate; 26. a round sleeve; 27. a pressing plate; 28. a spring plate; 29. a stress plate; 61. welding the plate; 62. an arc-shaped elastic sheet; 63. a strip plate; 64. a support plate; 65. an adjusting plate; 66. a spring; 32. a steel plate; 33. a cylinder; 77. a stopper; 88. a rotating wheel; 99. a telescopic rod; 30. a second annular groove; 31. a connecting plate; 34. and (5) dislocation parts.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Referring to fig. 1-3, the grinding equipment for the hard pipe joint of the brake pipe of the new energy automobile comprises a machine tool body 1 and a fixed grinding roller 18 on the machine tool body 1, wherein a second electric push rod 17 is further installed on the machine tool body 1, a movable grinding roller 16 is further installed on the second electric push rod 17, a supporting box 12 is further installed on the machine tool body 1, a first electric push rod 14 is further installed on the supporting box 12, a containing clamp 15 is further installed on the first electric push rod 14, a welding frame 5 is further installed on the machine tool body 1, a connecting plate 31 is installed on the welding frame 5, baffle plates 7 are installed on two sides of the connecting plate 31, a connecting square plate 8 is connected onto the baffle plates 7, inclined plates 3 are further installed on the connecting square plate 8, an adjusting groove 20 is formed between the two inclined plates 3, and the adjusting groove 20 is used for a limiting part 19;

install telescopic link 99 on baffle 7, telescopic link 99 is connected with being connected square plate 8, still install transmission 2 on the baffle 7, transmission 2 is used for the extrusion to connect square plate 8, transmission 2 is including installing at the inside stripper plate 27 of baffle 7, stripper plate 27 is used for contradicting and connects square plate 8, still install standpipe 9 on the weld holder 5, still install pipe chute 10 on the standpipe 9, still install violently pipe 11 on the pipe chute 10, standpipe 9, pipe chute 10 and violently pipe 11 are used for carrying spacing part 19 to accomodating and press from both sides 15 department.

In this embodiment:

convenient stacking: according to fig. 2, a plurality of parts 19 are poured between two baffles 7, the parts 19 have a large size at one end and a small size at the other end, and then the large size part at one end of the parts 19 is fastened on the inclined plate 3, the small size part at the other end passes through the adjustment groove 20, at this time, the parts 19 in disorder are vertically inserted into the adjustment groove 20 through the cooperation of the inclined plate 3 and the adjustment groove 20, and finally, the parts 19 are slid into the vertical pipe 9, according to fig. 3, the parts 19 in a vertical state first pass through the vertical pipe 9 and then reach the inclined pipe 10, the inclined pipe 10 is arranged in an inclined manner, and then the parts 19 in a vertical state are converted into an inclined state inside the inclined pipe 10, and then the parts 19 in an inclined state slide to the horizontal pipe 11, the angle between the horizontal pipe 11 and the vertical pipe 9 is ninety degrees, and then the parts 19 are converted into a horizontal state from the inclined state, according to fig. 2, finally, the parts 19 roll into the containing clamps 15, the containing clamps 15 are pushed to slide towards the movable grinding rollers 16 through the first electric push rods 14, the movable grinding rollers 16 and the fixed grinding rollers 18 are dragged to grind through the second electric push rods 17, the positions of the parts 19 are adjusted through the inclined plates 3 and the adjusting grooves 20, and the parts 19 are uniformly placed in order through the vertical pipes 9, the inclined pipes 10 and the transverse pipes 11, so that the automatic material stacking and automatic material loading processing of the device are realized;

accelerating material stacking: since a large number of parts 19 are poured into the baffle 7 at one time, and then a part of the parts 19 may be accumulated above the parts 19 in the vertical state, so that when the parts 19 are manually shifted into the vertical pipes 9, the parts 19 which are not adjusted can slide out of the interior of the inclined plates 3, the baffle 7 and the welding frame 5 are connected through the telescopic rods 99, the telescopic rods 99 are in the prior art, as shown in fig. 3, the connecting square plates 8 are shifted to move downwards, the connecting square plates 8 can stretch the telescopic rods 99, and then the connecting square plates 8 are pulled to reset through the telescopic rods 99, the connecting square plates 8 are continuously driven to reciprocate upwards and downwards by the elastic potential energy of the telescopic rods 99, the inclined plates 3 are driven to move upwards and downwards by the movement of the connecting square plates 8, so that the parts 19 are continuously driven to shake by the inclined plates 3, and the disordered parts 19 can automatically adjust the positions, and is buckled on the adjusting groove 20, so that the device realizes the phenomenon of reducing the random accumulation of the parts 19 by shaking the inclined plate 3.

Example 2

The embodiment is an improvement on the basis of embodiment 1, as shown in fig. 1-3, a round sleeve 26 is rotatably connected inside the baffle 7, the round sleeve 26 is connected with a squeezing plate 27, a stress plate 29 is further installed on the round sleeve 26, an elastic sheet 28 is further installed on the round sleeve 26, the elastic sheet 28 is connected with the baffle 7, and the elastic sheet 28 is used for driving the stress plate 29 to reset;

still be provided with first ring channel 24 on the baffle 7, the internal rotation of first ring channel 24 is connected with rack 23, the internal toothing of rack 23 is connected with gear 21, gear 21 is used for driving rack 23 rotatory, the last align to grid of rack 23 installs and stretches out board 25, stretch out board 25 and be used for contradicting atress board 29, still install motor 22 on the baffle 7, the output shaft of motor 22 is connected with gear 21, still rotate on the swash plate 3 and be connected with swiveling wheel 88, swiveling wheel 88 is used for carrying part 19.

In this embodiment:

automatic stirring: according to fig. 3, a gear 21 is further rotatably connected to the baffle 7, a rack belt 23 is driven to rotate through the gear 21, the rack belt 23 drives the extension plate 25 to move, when the extension plate 25 abuts against the stress plate 29, the stress plate 29 extrudes the stress plate 29 to swing through the extension plate 25, the stress plate 29 drives the round sleeve 26 and the extrusion plate 27 to swing, when the stress plate 29 swings, the stress plate 29 compresses the elastic sheet 28, when the extension plate 25 does not abut against the stress plate 29, the compressed force is released through the elastic sheet 28, the stress plate 29 is quickly pushed to reset through the elastic sheet 28, the stress plate 29 drives the round sleeve 26 and the extrusion plate 27 to swing, the impact is performed on the connecting square plate 8 through the extrusion plate 27, so that the connecting square plate 8 moves downwards, the connecting square plate 8 is automatically shifted, the inclined plate 3 automatically shakes, and the placing position of the part 19 is corrected.

Example 3

This embodiment is an improvement on embodiment 2, and according to fig. 1 to 5, a position-limiting device 6 is further mounted on the connecting plate 31, the position-limiting device 6 is used for adjusting the position of the component 19, the position-limiting device 6 includes a supporting plate 64 mounted on the rack belt 23, a long strip plate 63 is mounted on the supporting plate 64, an adjusting plate 65 is mounted on the long strip plate 63, and the adjusting plate 65 is used for adjusting the position of the component 19.

In this embodiment:

and (3) reducing accumulation: as shown in fig. 5, a support plate 64 is further installed on the rack belt 23, a long strip 63 is installed on the support plate 64, when the rack belt 23 rotates, the rack belt 23 drives the support plate 64 and the long strip plate 63 to move, the long strip plate 63 drives the adjusting plate 65 to adjust the position of the part 19, when the rack 23 drives the long bar 63 to move toward the connecting plate 31, the adjusting plate 65 pushes the offset component 34 abutting against the component 19, so that the offset component 34 slides away from the vertical component 19, and when the dislocation element 34 does not abut against the element 19, the dislocation element 34 is transformed into the element 19 in a vertical state, and abuts against the rotating wheel 88, the

dislocation parts

34 and 19 are conveyed to the vertical pipe 9 through the rotating wheel 88, further reducing the phenomenon of accumulation of the parts 19 and the dislocation parts 34, and at the moment, the adjusting plate 65 can not push the parts 19 in the vertical state to slide to the left;

automatic blanking: subsequently according to as shown in fig. 4, because rack belt 23 is annular, when rack belt 23 drives long slat 63 to riser 9 department slip, long slat 63's height position can be adjusted downwards, and then let regulating plate 65 can promote the part 19 of vertical state to slide for the device passes through rack belt 23's annular and rotates, has adjusted regulating plate 65's height position, and it can promote part 19 to riser 9 department slip to this has realized regulating plate 65 after height position adjusts, realizes automatic unloading.

Example 4

The present embodiment is an improvement made on the basis of embodiment 3, and as shown in fig. 1 to 5, a welding plate 61 is further installed on the connecting plate 31, an arc-shaped elastic piece 62 is installed on the welding plate 61, a long strip plate 63 is used for abutting against the arc-shaped elastic piece 62, a supporting plate 64 is slidably connected to one side of the long strip plate 63, a spring 66 is further installed on the long strip plate 63, and the spring 66 is connected with the supporting plate 64.

In this embodiment:

reduce and contradict: when more dislocation parts 34 are stacked on the part 19, the adjusting plate 65 will push most dislocation parts 34 to slide to the left when pushing the dislocation parts 34, and then the dislocation parts 34 can not be converted into the parts 19 in the vertical state, so as to avoid this situation, the supporting plate 64 is slidably connected to the strip 63, as shown in fig. 5, when the rack belt 23 drives the supporting plate 64 and the adjusting plate 65 to slide towards the connecting plate 31, the strip 63 will abut against the arc-shaped elastic sheet 62, the strip 63 is limited by the arc-shaped elastic sheet 62, and then the rack belt 23 will drive the supporting plate 64 to slide to the left, and the spring 66 is compressed by the supporting plate 64, when the supporting plate 64 slides to abut against the strip 63, the supporting plate 64 will drive the strip 63 to pass through the arc-shaped elastic sheet 62, and the compression force is released by the spring 66, promote the quick slide to the left side of rectangular board 63 through spring 66, and then realize that rectangular board 63 drives regulating plate 65 and hit part 19 fast, part 19 atress can be from going to the left side removal to let mixed and disorderly part 19 can convert vertical state into, make things convenient for sign indicating number material.

Example 5

This embodiment is an improvement over embodiment 4, and according to fig. 1-5, a stopper 77 is further installed inside the vertical tube 9, and the stopper 77 is used for limiting the position of the component 19.

In this embodiment:

limiting parts: according to fig. 3, when the vertical component 19 passes through the vertical pipe 9 and collides with the inner wall of the inclined pipe 10, the large-sized end of the vertical component 19 may face to the right side, and thus a material stacking error may occur, and therefore, in order to reduce the wrong position switching of the component 19, a stopper 77 is installed on the inner wall of the vertical pipe 9, and when the vertical component 19 passes through the vertical pipe 9, the large-sized end of the component 19 is limited by the stopper 77, so that the large-sized end of the component 19 cannot be tilted to the right side, and thus the wrong position switching of the component 19 is reduced.

Example 6

This embodiment is an improvement on embodiment 3, and according to fig. 1 to 5, a steel plate 32 is further mounted on the support plate 64, a cylinder 33 is mounted on the steel plate 32, a second annular groove 30 is further provided on the baffle 7, and the cylinder 33 is slidably connected inside the second annular groove 30.

In this embodiment:

loosening is avoided: because the rack belt 23 is made of a soft material, the phenomenon that the regulating plate 65 is pressed by the part 19 to slide upwards can occur, and further the regulating plate 65 can not push the dislocation part 34 to change the form, therefore, the device opens a second annular groove 30 on the baffle 7, according to fig. 4, when the rack belt 23 drives the long strip plate 63 and the support plate 64 to slide, the steel plate 32 on the support plate 64 drives the cylinder 33 to be connected inside the second annular groove 30 in a sliding manner, and even if the part 19 presses the regulating plate 65, the cylinder 33 is limited inside the second annular groove 30, so that the regulating plate 65 can not move upwards.

It is noted that, herein, relational terms such as first and second, and the like may be used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions. Also, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.

The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and decorations can be made without departing from the technical principle of the present invention, and these modifications and decorations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. The utility model provides a new energy automobile brake pipe hard tube connects grinding equipment, includes fixed grinding roller (18) on lathe body (1) and lathe body (1), still install second electric putter (17) on lathe body (1), still install on second electric putter (17) and move grinding roller (16), still install supporting box (12) on lathe body (1), still install first electric putter (14) on supporting box (12), still install on first electric putter (14) and accomodate and press from both sides (15), its characterized in that: the machine tool is characterized in that a welding frame (5) is further mounted on the machine tool body (1), a connecting plate (31) is mounted on the welding frame (5), baffles (7) are mounted on two sides of the connecting plate (31), a connecting square plate (8) is connected to each baffle (7), inclined plates (3) are further mounted on each connecting square plate (8), an adjusting groove (20) is formed between each two inclined plates (3), and each adjusting groove (20) is used for limiting a part;

the welding rack is characterized in that a telescopic rod (99) is installed on the baffle (7), the telescopic rod (99) is connected with the connecting square plate (8), a transmission device (2) is further installed on the baffle (7), the transmission device (2) is used for extruding the connecting square plate (8), the transmission device (2) comprises an extrusion plate (27) installed inside the baffle (7), the extrusion plate (27) is used for abutting against the connecting square plate (8), a vertical pipe (9) is further installed on the welding rack (5), an inclined pipe (10) is further installed on the vertical pipe (9), a horizontal pipe (11) is further installed on the inclined pipe (10), and the vertical pipe (9), the inclined pipe (10) and the horizontal pipe (11) are used for conveying limiting parts to a containing clamp (15);

the inner part of the baffle (7) is rotatably connected with a round sleeve (26), the round sleeve (26) is connected with an extrusion plate (27), a stress plate (29) is further mounted on the round sleeve (26), an elastic sheet (28) is further mounted on the round sleeve (26), the elastic sheet (28) is connected with the baffle (7), and the elastic sheet (28) is used for driving the stress plate (29) to reset;

still be provided with first ring channel (24) on baffle (7), the internal rotation of first ring channel (24) is connected with rack belt (23), the internal gearing of rack belt (23) is connected with gear (21), gear (21) are used for driving rack belt (23) rotatory, align to grid on rack belt (23) is installed and is stretched out board (25), it is used for contradicting atress board (29) to stretch out board (25).

2. The new energy automobile brake pipe hard tube joint grinding equipment of claim 1, characterized in that: still install stop device (6) on connecting plate (31), stop device (6) are used for adjusting the position of part, stop device (6) are including installing backup pad (64) on rack belt (23), install rectangular board (63) on backup pad (64), install regulating plate (65) on rectangular board (63), regulating plate (65) are used for adjusting the position of part.

3. The new energy automobile brake pipe hard tube joint grinding equipment of claim 2, characterized in that: still install welding plate (61) on connecting plate (31), install arc shell fragment (62) on welding plate (61), rectangular board (63) are used for contradicting arc shell fragment (62), backup pad (64) sliding connection is in one side of rectangular board (63), still install spring (66) on rectangular board (63), spring (66) are connected with backup pad (64).

4. The new energy automobile brake pipe hard tube joint grinding equipment of claim 1, characterized in that: a stop block (77) is further mounted inside the vertical tube (9), and the stop block (77) is used for limiting parts.

5. The new energy automobile brake pipe hard tube joint grinding equipment of claim 1, characterized in that: still install motor (22) on baffle (7), the output shaft of motor (22) is connected with gear (21), it is connected with swiveling wheel (88) still to rotate on swash plate (3), swiveling wheel (88) are used for carrying parts.

6. The new energy automobile brake pipe hard tube joint grinding equipment of claim 2, characterized in that: still install steel sheet (32) on backup pad (64), install cylinder (33) on steel sheet (32), still be provided with second ring channel (30) on baffle (7), cylinder (33) sliding connection is in the inside of second ring channel (30).