CN113941878A - Tool and method for machining scavenging port of large marine engine cylinder sleeve - Google Patents

Abstract

A tool and a method for processing a scavenging port of a cylinder sleeve of a large marine engine comprise a circular base, a three-jaw chuck, a pressure plate and three long bolts, wherein the circular base is fixedly arranged on a working rotary table, the three-jaw chuck is fixedly arranged in the circular base, jaws are positioned on the circular base and can synchronously extend outwards along the radial direction, the rotation centers of the circular base, the three-jaw chuck and the working rotary table are coaxial, the cylinder sleeve is arranged on the circular base, the jaws center the cylinder sleeve to the rotation center of the working rotary table from the inner wall, a pressure plate cover is arranged on the upper end surface of the cylinder sleeve, the long bolts penetrate through inner holes of the pressure plate and the cylinder sleeve, the upper end of the long bolts is pressed on the pressure plate, the lower end of the long bolts is fixed with the circular base, the cylinder sleeve is fixed on the circular base, and the cylinder sleeve is clamped on the rotation center of the working rotary table in a radial positioning and axial pressing mode, and finishing the machining of the scavenging port according to the machining process and the machining program. The invention ensures the requirement of machining precision, and achieves the effects of preventing the workpiece from deforming and improving the machining efficiency.

Description

Tool and method for machining scavenging port of large marine engine cylinder sleeve

Technical Field

The invention relates to a manufacturing process of parts of a marine engine, in particular to a tool and a method for machining a scavenging port of a cylinder sleeve of a large marine engine, and belongs to the technical field of machining.

Background

The cylinder liner is a main component of a large low-speed marine engine, and referring to fig. 1, the cylinder liner is a large thin-walled cylindrical part which is arranged in a cylinder body hole of the engine, the cylinder body hole is tightly pressed and fixed by a cylinder cover, a piston reciprocates in an inner hole of the piston, and cooling water is arranged outside the piston.

The machining of the large-sized cylinder sleeve is a difficult problem in the field of machining, the machining processes are multiple, the machining precision requirement is high, deformation is easy, multiple processes of machining, such as lathes, boring machines, grinding machines and the like are needed for matched machining, and hoisting and clamping in the process are very difficult. After the cylinder sleeve completes the processing procedures of inner holes and outer circles on a lathe and a boring machine, the cylinder sleeve needs to be lifted and clamped on the numerical control boring machine with the working turntable to process air sweeping ports and other surfaces and holes. Referring to fig. 2, the scavenging port 6-1 is 30 waist-shaped grooves uniformly distributed around the thin-walled cylinder, and the adjacent grooves are spaced by 12 degrees. When the scavenging port 6-1 of the cylinder liner 6 is machined on a numerically controlled boring machine, in order to ensure the machining precision, the cylinder liner 6 must be positioned on the machine tool, namely, positioned, clamped and then machined, and the positioning and clamping process easily causes deformation and displacement of the cylinder liner 6. Since the cylinder liner 6 is a thin-walled cylindrical part which is easy to deform, how to correctly clamp the cylinder liner 6 is a precondition for whether the cylinder liner 6 can be smoothly processed.

Disclosure of Invention

The main purposes of the invention are: according to the characteristic that a thin-wall cylindrical cylinder sleeve structure is easy to deform and the technical requirements of machining, the tool and the method for machining the scavenging port of the large-scale marine engine cylinder sleeve are provided.

In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:

a tool for processing scavenging ports of a cylinder sleeve of a large marine engine is arranged on a machine tool, the machine tool is provided with a working rotary table, the upper part of the cylinder sleeve is provided with an outer circular groove, and the lower part of the cylinder sleeve is provided with a plurality of scavenging ports which are uniformly distributed along the circumference; the method is characterized in that: the fixture comprises a circular base, a three-jaw chuck, a pressure plate and three long bolts, wherein the circular base is fixedly arranged on the working rotary table, the three-jaw chuck is fixedly arranged in the circular base, jaws of the three-jaw chuck are positioned on the circular base and can synchronously extend outwards along the radial direction, the rotation centers of the circular base, the three-jaw chuck and the working rotary table are coaxial, a cylinder sleeve is placed on the circular base, the cylinder sleeve is centered to the rotation center of the working rotary table from the inner wall through the jaws by utilizing the self-centering principle of the three-jaw chuck, the pressure plate cover is placed on the upper end surface of the cylinder sleeve, the three long bolts penetrate through inner holes of the pressure plate and the cylinder sleeve, the upper end of the three long bolts is pressed on the pressure plate, the lower end of the three long bolts is fixed with the circular base through a nut and a gasket to fix the cylinder sleeve on the circular base, therefore, the cylinder sleeve is clamped at the position of the rotation center of the working rotary table in a radial positioning and axial pressing mode.

Further, the tool further comprises a hoop for hoisting the cylinder sleeve, and the hoop is installed in an outer circular groove of the cylinder sleeve.

Furthermore, the hoop is composed of two semicircular hoops, the two semicircular hoops are symmetrical and identical in shape and are connected and paired into a whole circle through bolts and small nuts, and a through hole for connection and a lifting hole for lifting are formed in the joint.

Further, circular base include bedplate, bedplate and three gusset down, go up bedplate and bedplate down and be circular steel sheet, three gusset weld upright between bedplate and bedplate down on this, constitute holistic circular base and form three fan-shaped space in the side, the last plane of going up the bedplate be with the locating surface of cylinder jacket lower extreme contact, central authorities are equipped with and are used for holding the centre bore of three-jaw chuck, the ring week is equipped with being used for connecting of three equipartition the waist type groove of three long bolts, the bedplate is equipped with a plurality of through-holes that are used for connecting down the work revolving stage, three is used for fixing the screw of three-jaw chuck.

Furthermore, the pressing plate is in a circular plate shape, a lifting hole used for being connected with lifting equipment is formed in the center of the pressing plate, and three connecting holes which are uniformly distributed and used for being connected with the long bolts are formed in the periphery of the pressing plate.

Furthermore, the pressure plate is provided with a fan-shaped hole for reducing weight.

The other technical scheme of the invention is as follows:

a method for machining a scavenging port of a cylinder sleeve of a large marine engine by adopting the tool comprises the following specific steps:

1) fixedly mounting the circular base on the table top of the working rotary table through a T-shaped bolt, fixedly mounting the three-jaw chuck in the circular base, and enabling the rotation centers of the circular base, the three-jaw chuck and the working rotary table to be coaxial through centering;

2) the hoop is arranged in an outer circular groove of the cylinder sleeve, and the cylinder sleeve is hoisted and placed on the circular base;

3) operating the three-jaw chuck, and automatically positioning the cylinder sleeve at the rotation center of the working turntable by utilizing the self-centering principle of the three-jaw chuck when three jaws synchronously extend out and contact the inner wall of the cylinder sleeve;

4) covering the pressing plate on the upper end surface of the cylinder sleeve, penetrating the three long bolts through the pressing plate and the inner hole of the cylinder sleeve, and connecting the pressing plate and the inner hole of the cylinder sleeve with the circular base through nuts, so that the cylinder sleeve is axially and tightly pressed and fixed on the circular base;

5) and setting a workpiece zero position, indexing and rotating the working rotary table, and processing the scavenging ports of the cylinder sleeves one by one according to a processing technology and a processing program.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:

1) by applying the self-centering working principle of the three-jaw chuck, the cylinder sleeve is quickly and accurately automatically positioned on the rotating central shaft of the working rotary table, and the positioning accuracy and the operation efficiency are greatly improved.

2) The cylinder sleeve is clamped by adopting a radial positioning and axial compression mode, so that clamping deformation of the cylinder sleeve caused by clamping is avoided to the maximum extent, and the problem that a large thin-wall cylindrical part is easy to deform during clamping is solved.

3) The hoop solves the problem that the large thin-wall cylindrical cylinder sleeve is difficult to hoist and mount.

4) The rotary function of the working rotary table is utilized to solve the difficult problem that the scavenging port of the cylinder sleeve needs indexing processing.

In a word, the invention has the advantages of simple structure, strong universality, convenient operation, safety, reliability and convenient maintenance, can be suitable for processing the scavenging ports of the cylinder sleeves of various models of large diesel engines, and improves the mode that the prior art can only process on a special machine tool.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic view of a cylinder liner.

Fig. 2 is a sectional view a-a of fig. 1.

Fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of the present invention.

Fig. 4 is an exploded view of the present invention.

Fig. 5 is a schematic view of a circular base and a three jaw chuck.

FIG. 6 is a schematic view of a platen.

Fig. 7 is a schematic view of the hoop.

Fig. 8 is a schematic view of the installation of the present invention.

Fig. 9 is a schematic view of the installation of the hoop.

FIG. 10 is one of the processing schemes of the present invention.

FIG. 11 is a second schematic view of the process of the present invention.

In the figure:

1-long bolt, 2-pressing plate, 3-gasket, 4-nut, 5-hoop, 6-cylinder jacket, 7-three-jaw chuck, 8-round base, 9-working turntable, 10-cutter, 2-1-connecting hole, 2-lifting hole, 5-1-small nut, 5-2-lifting hole, 5-3-through hole, 5-4-bolt, 6-1-scavenging port, 6-2-outer circular groove, 7-1-claw, 7-2-transmission mechanism, 8-1-positioning surface, 8-2-kidney-shaped groove, 8-3-mounting through hole and 8-4-screw hole.

Detailed Description

The invention is further illustrated in the following detailed description with reference to the figures and specific examples, which should not be taken to limit the scope of the invention.

The invention is used for processing scavenging ports of a cylinder sleeve of a large-scale marine engine on a machine tool, please refer to fig. 1 and fig. 2 in combination, the machine tool is provided with a working turntable 9, the upper part of the cylinder sleeve 6 is provided with an outer circular groove 6-2, and the lower part is provided with a plurality of scavenging ports 6-1 which are uniformly distributed along the circumference.

Referring to fig. 3 and 4, the tool for machining the scavenging port of the cylinder sleeve of the large marine engine is mounted on a working turntable 9 of a machine tool, and comprises a circular base 8, a three-jaw chuck 7, a pressure plate 2, an anchor ear 5 and three long bolts 1.

Referring to fig. 5, the circular base 8 is fixedly installed on the working turntable 9 and is formed by welding an upper base plate, a lower base plate and three thickened rib plates; three rib plates are vertically welded between the upper seat plate and the lower seat plate to form an integral circular base 8, and three fan-shaped spaces are formed on the side surface for mounting the nut 4 and the washer 3. The upper seat plate is a circular steel plate, the upper plane is a positioning surface 8-1 which is in contact with the lower end of the cylinder sleeve 6, the center of the upper seat plate is provided with a central hole for accommodating the three-jaw chuck 7, and the periphery of the upper seat plate is provided with three uniformly distributed waist-shaped grooves 8-2 for connecting the three long bolts 1 to install the cylinder sleeve 6. The lower seat plate is a round steel plate and is provided with a plurality of mounting through holes 8-3 and three screw holes 8-4; the round base 8 is fixedly connected to the working turntable 9 through the mounting through hole 8-3 through a T-shaped bolt, and the screw hole 8-4 is used for fixing the three-jaw chuck 7.

Referring to fig. 5, the three-jaw chuck 7 is fixedly installed in a central hole of an upper seat plate of the circular base 8, and mainly comprises three jaws 7-1, three transmission mechanisms 7-2 and a housing, the lower portion of the housing is fixedly connected to a lower seat plate of the circular base 8 through bolts, after the three jaws 7-1 are installed, the three jaws 7-1 are located on the upper seat plate of the circular base 8, and rotation centers of the circular base 8, the three-jaw chuck 7 and the working rotary table 9 are coaxial after adjustment. When any transmission mechanism 7-2 is rotated, the three claws 7-1 can synchronously extend and retract along the radial direction to finish automatic centering. Referring to fig. 4, the cylinder sleeve 6 is placed on a positioning surface 8-1 of an upper seat plate of the circular base 8, when three jaws 7-1 synchronously extend out and touch an inner wall of the cylinder sleeve 6, the cylinder sleeve 6 is adjusted and centered to a rotation center of the working turntable 9 by using a self-centering principle of the three-jaw chuck 7, and when the three jaws 7-1 synchronously retract, the jaws 7-1 are separated from the inner wall of the cylinder sleeve 6.

The pressure plate 2 is in a circular plate shape and covers the upper end face of the cylinder sleeve 6, referring to fig. 6, the pressure plate 2 is provided with 3 evenly distributed connecting holes 2-1 for connecting the long bolt 1, the center is provided with a lifting hole 2-2 for connecting lifting equipment, in order to reduce the weight, the pressure plate 2 is provided with 3 fan-shaped holes,

referring to fig. 4, the anchor ear 5 is installed in the outer circular groove 6-2 of the cylinder liner 6 for hoisting the cylinder liner 6. Referring to fig. 7, the anchor ear 5 is composed of two semicircular anchor ears, the two semicircular anchor ears are symmetrical and identical in shape, are connected and paired into a whole circle through a bolt 5-4 and a small nut 5-1, and two through holes 5-3 for connection and two lifting holes 5-2 for threading a steel wire rope during lifting are arranged at the joint.

Referring to fig. 4, the three long bolts 1 penetrate through the connecting hole 2-1 of the pressure plate 2, the inner hole of the cylinder sleeve 6 and the kidney-shaped groove 8-2 of the circular base 8, the upper end of each long bolt is pressed on the pressure plate 2, and the lower end of each long bolt is fixedly connected with the circular base 6 through the screwing nut 4 and the washer 3, so that the cylinder sleeve 6 is axially pressed and fixed on the circular base 8.

Therefore, the tool clamps the cylinder sleeve 6 at the position of the rotation center of the working turntable 9 in a radial positioning and axial pressing mode.

The method for processing the scavenging port of the cylinder sleeve of the large marine engine comprises the following specific steps:

1) referring to fig. 8, firstly, the three-jaw chuck 7 is installed in the circular base 8, the three-jaw chuck 7 is fixed through the screw holes 8-4, then the circular base 8 is installed at the center of the table top of the working turntable 9 of the machine tool, and the axes of the three-jaw chuck 7 and the circular base 8 are coaxial with the rotation center of the working turntable 9 through centering.

2) Referring to fig. 9, the hoop 5 is installed in the outer circular groove 6-2 at the upper end of the cylinder sleeve 6, and the cylinder sleeve 6 is lifted to the positioning surface 8-1 of the circular base 8 by passing a steel wire rope through the lifting hole 5-2 of the hoop 5.

3) And rotating a transmission mechanism 7-2 of the three-jaw chuck 7 to enable the three jaws 7-1 to synchronously extend out and contact the inner hole wall of the cylinder sleeve 6, and when the three jaws 7-1 are completely contacted with the hole wall of the cylinder sleeve 6, automatically coinciding the axis of the cylinder sleeve 6 with the rotation centers of the circular base 8 and the working turntable 9 due to the self-centering action of the three-jaw chuck 7.

4) Referring to fig. 8, a pressure plate 2 is covered on the upper end surface of a cylinder liner 6, three long bolts 1 pass through a through hole 2-1 of the pressure plate 2, an inner hole of the cylinder liner 6 and a kidney-shaped groove 8-2 of a circular base 8, and a washer 3 and a nut 4 are mounted on the lower end of the long bolt 1 and screwed, so that the cylinder liner 6 is axially pressed and fixed on the circular base 8.

5) Referring to fig. 10 and fig. 11, a workpiece zero position is set, the working turntable 9 is rotated according to the processing technology and the processing program, the cutter 10 is moved to the position of the scavenging port 6-1 of the cylinder liner 6, the scavenging port 6-1 is processed, the working turntable 9 is rotated in a indexing manner, the next scavenging port 6-1 is processed, and the scavenging ports 6-1 are processed one by one until all the scavenging ports 6-1 of the cylinder liner 6 are processed.

After the invention is adopted, the processing efficiency is improved, the processing precision is ensured, and the difficult problems that the clamping of the cylindrical thin-wall part is easy to deform and the air scavenging port of the cylinder sleeve can only be processed on a special machine tool are solved.

The scope of the invention is not limited to the above embodiments, but also includes other obvious variations and alternatives, and all equivalent variations and modifications made according to the content of the invention are within the scope of the invention.

Claims (7)

1. A tool for processing scavenging ports of a cylinder sleeve of a large marine engine is arranged on a machine tool, the machine tool is provided with a working rotary table, the upper part of the cylinder sleeve is provided with an outer circular groove, and the lower part of the cylinder sleeve is provided with a plurality of scavenging ports which are uniformly distributed along the circumference; the method is characterized in that: the fixture comprises a circular base, a three-jaw chuck, a pressure plate and three long bolts, wherein the circular base is fixedly arranged on the working rotary table, the three-jaw chuck is fixedly arranged in the circular base, jaws of the three-jaw chuck are positioned on the circular base and can synchronously extend outwards along the radial direction, the rotation centers of the circular base, the three-jaw chuck and the working rotary table are coaxial, a cylinder sleeve is placed on the circular base, the cylinder sleeve is centered to the rotation center of the working rotary table from the inner wall through the jaws by utilizing the self-centering principle of the three-jaw chuck, the pressure plate cover is placed on the upper end surface of the cylinder sleeve, the three long bolts penetrate through inner holes of the pressure plate and the cylinder sleeve, the upper end of the three long bolts is pressed on the pressure plate, the lower end of the three long bolts is fixed with the circular base through a nut and a gasket to fix the cylinder sleeve on the circular base, therefore, the cylinder sleeve is clamped at the position of the rotation center of the working rotary table in a radial positioning and axial pressing mode.

2. The tool for machining the scavenging port of the cylinder sleeve of the large marine engine as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the tool further comprises a hoop for hoisting the cylinder sleeve, and the hoop is installed in an excircle groove of the cylinder sleeve.

3. The tool for machining the scavenging port of the cylinder sleeve of the large marine engine as claimed in claim 2, wherein: the hoop is composed of two semicircular hoops, the two semicircular hoops are symmetrical and identical in shape and are connected and paired into a whole circle through bolts and small nuts, and a through hole for connection and a lifting hole for lifting are arranged at the joint.

4. The tool for machining the scavenging port of the cylinder sleeve of the large marine engine as claimed in claim 1, wherein: circular base include bedplate, bedplate and three gusset down, go up bedplate and bedplate down and be circular steel sheet, three gusset weld upright between bedplate and bedplate down on this, constitute holistic circular base and form three fan-shaped space in the side, go up the last plane of bedplate be with the locating surface of cylinder jacket lower extreme contact, central authorities are equipped with and are used for holding the centre bore of three-jaw chuck, the ring week is equipped with being used for connecting of three equipartition three long bolt's waist type groove, down the bedplate be equipped with a plurality of being used for connecting the mounting hole of work revolving stage, three are used for fixing the screw of three-jaw chuck.

5. The tool for machining the scavenging port of the cylinder sleeve of the large marine engine as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the pressing plate is in a circular plate shape, a lifting hole used for being connected with lifting equipment is formed in the center of the pressing plate, and three connecting holes which are uniformly distributed and used for being connected with the long bolts are formed in the periphery of the pressing plate.

6. The tool for machining the scavenging port of the cylinder sleeve of the large marine engine as claimed in claim 5, wherein: the pressure plate is provided with a fan-shaped hole for reducing weight.

7. A method for machining a scavenging port of a cylinder sleeve of a large-scale marine engine by adopting the tool of claim 2 is characterized by comprising the following steps of: the method comprises the following specific steps:

1) fixedly mounting the circular base on the table top of the working rotary table through a T-shaped bolt, fixedly mounting the three-jaw chuck in the circular base, and enabling the rotation centers of the circular base, the three-jaw chuck and the working rotary table to be coaxial through centering;

2) the hoop is arranged in an outer circular groove of the cylinder sleeve, and the cylinder sleeve is hoisted and placed on the circular base;

3) operating the three-jaw chuck, and automatically positioning the cylinder sleeve at the rotation center of the working turntable by utilizing the self-centering principle of the three-jaw chuck when three jaws synchronously extend out and contact the inner wall of the cylinder sleeve;

4) covering the pressing plate on the upper end surface of the cylinder sleeve, penetrating the three long bolts through the pressing plate and the inner hole of the cylinder sleeve, and connecting the pressing plate and the inner hole of the cylinder sleeve with the circular base through nuts, so that the cylinder sleeve is axially and tightly pressed and fixed on the circular base;

5) and setting a workpiece zero position, indexing and rotating the working rotary table, and processing the scavenging ports of the cylinder sleeves one by one according to a processing technology and a processing program.

Images