CN113941647A - Punch, punch processing method and stamping die - Google Patents
Punch, punch processing method and stamping die Download PDFInfo
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- CN113941647A CN113941647A CN202111139479.3A CN202111139479A CN113941647A CN 113941647 A CN113941647 A CN 113941647A CN 202111139479 A CN202111139479 A CN 202111139479A CN 113941647 A CN113941647 A CN 113941647A
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- 238000003672 processing method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 6
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 34
- 238000005496 tempering Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910001263 D-2 tool steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004080 punching Methods 0.000 abstract description 20
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 abstract description 6
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 8
- 230000035882 stress Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 241001391944 Commicarpus scandens Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000110 cooling liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008646 thermal stress Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D28/00—Shaping by press-cutting; Perforating
- B21D28/24—Perforating, i.e. punching holes
- B21D28/26—Perforating, i.e. punching holes in sheets or flat parts
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D28/00—Shaping by press-cutting; Perforating
- B21D28/24—Perforating, i.e. punching holes
- B21D28/34—Perforating tools; Die holders
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D37/00—Tools as parts of machines covered by this subclass
- B21D37/01—Selection of materials
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D37/00—Tools as parts of machines covered by this subclass
- B21D37/20—Making tools by operations not covered by a single other subclass
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/18—Hardening; Quenching with or without subsequent tempering
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/26—Methods of annealing
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/74—Methods of treatment in inert gas, controlled atmosphere, vacuum or pulverulent material
- C21D1/773—Methods of treatment in inert gas, controlled atmosphere, vacuum or pulverulent material under reduced pressure or vacuum
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/0068—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for particular articles not mentioned below
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of plate blanking forming, and discloses a punch, a punch processing method and a stamping die, wherein the punch comprises a punch rod, one end of the punch rod is integrally provided with an annular hanging table which protrudes outwards along the radial direction of the punch rod, the other end of the punch rod is provided with a cutting edge, the hardness value at the cutting edge is more than or equal to HRC58 and less than or equal to HRC62, the hardness and the wear resistance at the cutting edge of the punch are ensured, and the galling of the punch is prevented; the hardness value of the hanging table is more than or equal to HRC30 and less than or equal to HRC35, so that the toughness of the punch hanging table is improved, and the punch is prevented from being broken at the hanging table in the punching process; therefore, the punch head ensures the hardness of the punch head cutting edge, ensures the toughness of the punch head hanging platform, avoids galling of the punch head cutting edge and fracture of the hanging platform, and effectively prolongs the service life of the punch head.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of plate blanking, in particular to a punch, a punch processing method and a stamping die.
Background
The blanking forming is a high-efficiency and low-consumption processing method, is convenient to realize mechanization and automation, has higher production efficiency, and is suitable for the production of large-batch parts. Blanking is a forming method in which a plate is sheared, deformed and separated along a certain contour line by using a cutting edge of a die. The punching is the most blanking processing mode used in actual production, when punching is carried out on a plate, a punch is needed, and two ends of a punch rod of the punch are respectively provided with a hanging platform for fixing the punch in a punch fixing seat and a cutting edge for punching the plate. During punching, the cutting edge end of the punch rod needs to be extruded and penetrates through a plate, so that the plate below the cutting edge is separated from the plate under the action of the pressure of the punch to form waste, and meanwhile, a required through hole is formed in the plate; and then, the cutting edge end of the punch rod retreats from the through hole, so that the punch rod is separated from the plate. Therefore, in order to complete the punching of the sheet material, the cutting edge end of the punch needs to be reciprocated at least once in the through-hole.
In order to ensure the safety of vehicles, the proportion of a thicker high-strength plate in the production process of commercial vehicles is gradually increased, the service life of a punch for punching is rapidly reduced due to the increase of the thickness and the strength of the plate, because the impact force during punching is increased due to the increase of the strength of the plate, and the punch is easily broken at a hanging table due to the fact that a transition fillet at the joint of the hanging table and a punch rod is smaller; on the other hand, the increase of the strength of the plate also enables the resilience force applied to the punching rod by the plate in the radial direction after the cutting edge end of the punching rod is pressed into the plate to be increased, the increase of the resilience force enables the friction force between the punching rod and the side wall of the through hole to be increased rapidly, the increase of the friction force enables the temperature of the punching rod to be increased rapidly, and the cutting edge end of the punching rod is easy to be napped under the combined action of the rapidly increased friction force and high temperature; in addition, the increase of panel thickness still leads to the increase of the frictional distance of the inside wall of the through-hole that punch a hole and panel formed of drill drift sword end, has further aggravated the napping of drill drift sword end. Therefore, the problems that the edge end of the punch rod is roughened and the hanging platform is broken easily occur when the existing punch punches thick high-strength plates.
In order to prevent the punch from being galling, the existing punch generally sets the overall hardness of the punch higher, so that the wear resistance of the punch is improved; however, the toughness of the punch is reduced due to the increase of the hardness of the punch, and the punch is easily brittle at a hanging table under the action of large impact force due to the reduction of the toughness of the punch; therefore, the existing punch cannot simultaneously take account of the hardness requirement at the cutting edge and the toughness requirement at the hanging table, so that the existing punch cannot meet the processing requirement of a thicker high-strength plate.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem that the existing punch can not simultaneously give consideration to the hardness requirement at the cutting edge and the toughness requirement at the hanging table, so that the existing punch can not meet the processing requirement of a thicker high-strength plate.
In order to solve the technical problem, the invention provides a punch which comprises a punch rod, wherein a hanging table is integrally arranged at one end of the punch rod, a cutting edge is arranged at the other end of the punch rod, the hardness value at the cutting edge is greater than or equal to HRC58 and less than or equal to HRC62, and the hardness value at the hanging table is greater than or equal to HRC30 and less than or equal to HRC 35.
The punch machining method comprises the following steps:
step S1: selecting a base material according to the excircle specification of the hanging table, roughly machining the base material, and reserving finishing allowance to obtain a basic part;
step S2: carrying out first heat treatment on the base piece, so that the overall hardness value of the base piece is more than or equal to HRC58 and less than or equal to HRC 62;
step S3: carrying out second heat treatment on the base piece, so that the hardness value of the hanging table of the base piece is greater than or equal to HRC30 and less than or equal to HRC 35;
and step S4, performing finish machining on the base piece to obtain the punch.
Preferably, the material of the base member is D2 steel, and the step S2 includes:
step S21, putting the basic piece into a vacuum heat treatment furnace, heating the vacuum heat treatment furnace for 4 hours until the temperature in the furnace reaches 650 +/-5 ℃, and preserving the heat for 2 hours;
step S22: heating the vacuum heat treatment furnace for 3.5 hours until the temperature in the furnace reaches 850 +/-5 ℃, and preserving the heat for 2 hours;
step S23: heating the vacuum heat treatment furnace to 1020 +/-5 ℃ for 4 hours, and preserving the heat for 2 hours;
step S24: cooling the base member to room temperature;
step S25: and tempering the base part for multiple times.
Preferably, in step S24, the base member is cooled to room temperature using liquid nitrogen.
Preferably, in step S25, the base member is tempered four times, and the tempering conditions of the first three tempering treatments are: the heat preservation temperature is 550 ℃, the heat preservation time is 4 hours, and the mixture is naturally cooled to the room temperature; the tempering conditions of the fourth tempering treatment are as follows: the temperature is 550 ℃, the time is 3 hours, and the mixture is naturally cooled to the room temperature.
Preferably, the step S3 includes: and step S31, placing one end of the punch of the basic piece and the hanging table of the basic piece into an induction heating device, and carrying out local annealing treatment on the one end of the punch of the basic piece and the hanging table of the basic piece.
Preferably, before the step S31, the method further includes a step S30 of placing the other end of the punch of the base member in a cooling and heat insulating device;
the cooling and heat insulation device comprises a first heat conduction block and a second heat conduction block which are oppositely arranged, a first clamping groove is formed in the opposite surface of the first heat conduction block and the second heat conduction block, a second clamping groove is formed in the opposite surface of the second heat conduction block and the first heat conduction block, and the other end of the punch rod of the base part is clamped between the first heat conduction block and the second heat conduction block through the first clamping groove and the second clamping groove.
Preferably, the step S31 is followed by: and step S32, performing destressing tempering on the basic piece, wherein the destressing tempering conditions are that the heat preservation temperature is 550 ℃, the heat preservation time is 2 hours, and the basic piece is naturally cooled to the room temperature.
A stamping die comprises a punch fixing plate, a sleeve and the punch;
the sleeve is detachably arranged in the fixing plate, the punch rod penetrates through the sleeve, and the lower end face of the hanging table abuts against the upper end face of the sleeve.
Preferably, a transition fillet is arranged between the lower end face of the hanging table 11 and the side face of the punch 1, and if the radius of the transition fillet is r, r is greater than or equal to (r1-r2)/3 and less than or equal to (r1-r2)/2, wherein r1 is the radius of the hanging table, and r2 is the radius of the punch close to the hanging table.
The punch disclosed by the invention has the beneficial effects that: according to the punch disclosed by the invention, the hardness value of the edge end of the punch rod is more than or equal to HRC58 and less than or equal to HRC62, so that the hardness and the wear resistance of the cutting edge are ensured, and galling of the punch is prevented; the hardness value of the punch rod hanging table is more than or equal to HRC30 and less than or equal to HRC35, the toughness and strength requirements of the hanging table are balanced, and the punch is prevented from being broken at the hanging table in the punching process.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a punch according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view showing a state where an induction heating apparatus is used for annealing a mounting base of a base member in the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a stamping die according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the hardness distribution position and size of a punch according to an embodiment of the present invention;
in the figure, 1, a plunger; 11. hanging a table; 12. cutting edges; 2. a base member; 21. a hanging table of the basic piece; 22. a ram of the base member; 3. an induction heating device; 4. cooling and insulating devices; 41. a first heat-conducting block; 411. a first cooling flow passage; 42. a second heat-conducting block; 421. a second cooling flow channel; 5. a fixing plate; 6. a sleeve; 7. a plate material; 8. and (5) forming a concave die.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of embodiments of the present invention is provided in connection with the accompanying drawings and examples. The following examples are intended to illustrate the invention but are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "top", "bottom", and the like, indicate orientations or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience in describing the present invention and simplifying the description, but do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed in a specific orientation, and be operated, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention. It should be understood that the terms "first", "second", etc. are used herein to describe various information, but the information should not be limited to these terms, which are only used to distinguish one type of information from another. For example, "first" information may also be referred to as "second" information, and similarly, "second" information may also be referred to as "first" information, without departing from the scope of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1, a preferred embodiment of a punch according to the present invention includes a punch 1, wherein one end of the punch 1 is integrally provided with an annular hanging table 11 protruding outward in a radial direction of the punch, the other end of the punch 1 is provided with a cutting edge 12, a hardness value of the cutting edge 12 is greater than or equal to HRC58 and less than or equal to HRC62, and a hardness value of the hanging table 11 is greater than or equal to HRC30 and less than or equal to HRC 35.
Specifically, the drift of this embodiment is integrated into one piece, and the hardness of blade 12 department is great, has guaranteed the wearability of blade 12 department, has avoided the napping of blade 12 department, and the hardness of hanging 11 departments is lower, has balanced the toughness and the intensity requirement of hanging 11 departments, has avoided the fracture of punching a hole in-process hanging 11 departments.
A preferred embodiment of the above punch processing method includes the steps of:
step S1: selecting a base material according to the excircle specification of the hanging table, roughly machining the base material, and reserving finishing allowance to obtain a base part 2; specifically, firstly, a bar material is selected according to the specification of the outer circle of the hanging table 11, blanking is carried out by adopting a numerical control sawing machine, then the outer circle is turned by adopting a common lathe, the total length is flat, after the processing of the common lathe is finished, the central holes of the two ends of the blank are punched by adopting the numerical control lathe, the appearance is subjected to semi-finish machining, the machining allowance of a single side of 1mm to 1.5mm is reserved, the shape of the base part 2 is similar to that of the punch, and as shown in fig. 2, the base part 2 comprises a punch stem 22 of the base part and a hanging table 21 of the base part.
Step S2: carrying out first heat treatment on the base piece to enable the overall hardness value of the base piece 2 to be more than or equal to HRC58 and less than or equal to HRC 62; specifically, in this embodiment, the material of the base member is D2 steel, and the step S2 of performing the first heat treatment on the base member 2 includes: step S21, putting the basic piece 2 into a vacuum heat treatment furnace, heating the vacuum heat treatment furnace for 4 hours until the temperature in the furnace reaches 650 +/-5 ℃, and preserving the heat for 2 hours; step S22: heating the vacuum heat treatment furnace for 3.5 hours until the temperature in the furnace reaches 850 +/-5 ℃, and preserving the heat for 2 hours; step S23: heating the vacuum heat treatment furnace to 1020 +/-5 ℃ for 4 hours, and preserving the heat for 2 hours; step S24: cooling the base member 2 to room temperature; step S25: tempering the base member 2 for a plurality of times; s25: the base member 2 is tempered a plurality of times. Wherein, in step S24, the base member 2 is cooled to room temperature using liquid nitrogen.
Specifically, in step S25, the base member 2 is tempered four times, where the first three tempering conditions are: the heat preservation temperature is 550 ℃, the heat preservation time is 4 hours, and the mixture is naturally cooled to the room temperature; the fourth tempering condition is as follows: the temperature is 550 ℃, the time is 3 hours, and the mixture is naturally cooled to the room temperature.
Step S3: carrying out second heat treatment on the base piece 2, so that the hardness value of the hanging table 21 of the base piece is more than or equal to HRC30 and less than or equal to HRC 35; specifically, step S3 includes: step S31, placing the hanging table 21 of the base piece and one end of the punch 22 of the base piece into the induction heating device 3, and performing local annealing treatment on the hanging table of the base piece and one end of the punch 22 of the base piece. The specific times of annealing are determined according to the hardness detection condition of the materials in the batch, and the hardness value of the hanging table 21 of the final base piece meets the requirement.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 2, before step S31, step S30 is further included, in which the other end of the punch 22 of the base member is placed in the cooling and heat insulating device 4; the cooling and heat insulating device 4 comprises a first heat conducting block 41 and a second heat conducting block 42 which are oppositely arranged, a first clamping groove is formed in the opposite surface of the first heat conducting block 41 and the second heat conducting block 42, a second clamping groove is formed in the opposite surface of the second heat conducting block 42 and the first heat conducting block, the other end of the punch rod 22 of the basic member is clamped between the first heat conducting block 41 and the second heat conducting block 42 through the first clamping groove and the second clamping groove, a first cooling flow passage 411 is formed in the first heat conducting block 41, a second cooling flow passage 421 is formed in the second heat conducting block 42, cooling liquid is introduced into the first cooling flow passage 411 and the second cooling flow passage 421, cooling of the other end of the punch rod 22 of the basic member can be achieved, and hardness reduction of the other end of the punch rod 22 of the basic member caused when the platform hanging end 21 of the basic member is annealed is prevented.
In this embodiment, after the step S31, the method further includes a step S32 of performing stress relief tempering on the base member, wherein the stress relief tempering is performed under the conditions that the temperature is 550 ℃ and the time is 2 hours, and the base member is naturally cooled to the room temperature. The stress relief tempering can eliminate the thermal stress of the base piece in the local annealing process, so that the overall performance of the base piece is more stable.
And step S4, finishing the base member 2 to obtain the punch. Specifically, after all the heat treatment processes are completed, the base member 2 is subjected to finish machining, and the fixing portion and the blanking portion of the punch are machined to a standard size by adopting a machining process of finish grinding after finish turning.
An embodiment of a punching die, as shown in fig. 3, comprises a punch fixing plate 5, a sleeve 6 and a punch of a shang shui yuan; the sleeve 6 is detachably arranged in the fixing plate 5, the punch 1 is arranged in the sleeve 6 in a penetrating mode, and the lower end face of the hanging table 11 abuts against the upper end face of the sleeve 6. Set up sleeve 6 in fixed plate 5 and can strengthen the guide effect of fixed plate to the drift pole portion, prevent that the drift from breaking off when punching press high strength thick plate, the reason lies in: when a thicker high-strength plate is punched, due to the increase of the strength and the thickness of the plate, on one hand, the impact force during punching is increased, and a punch is easy to break at a hanging table under the action of the impact force; on the other hand, in the punching forming process, the self resilience force of the plate is increased after the cutting edge end of the punch is pressed into the plate, the friction force between the punch and the side wall of the through hole is rapidly increased due to the increase of the resilience force, the temperature of the punch is rapidly increased due to the increase of the friction force, and the cutting edge end of the punch is easily napped under the combined action of the rapidly increased friction force and high temperature; in addition, the increase of plate thickness still leads to the blade edge of punch stem and the inside wall increase of the through-hole that the panel punched a hole and formed, has further aggravated the galling of the blade edge of punch stem. Therefore, when a thick high-strength plate is punched, the service life of the punch is generally shorter than that of a punched thin plate, the punch needs to be frequently disassembled and assembled from the fixing hole of the fixing plate, the frequent disassembly and assembly can cause the wear of the fixing hole of the fixing plate, and further the fit clearance between the rod part of the punch and the fixing plate is increased; because the fixed plate size is great, hardly maintain after the fixed orifices of fixed plate is worn and torn, it can lead to continue the fixed plate, the drift is because of the poor fracture of guidance quality in the fixed orifices, in this embodiment, through set up sleeve 6 in fixed plate 5, make the hole interference fit of sleeve 6 and fixed plate 5, the drift 1 and the hole clearance fit of sleeve 6 of drift, after the hole wearing and tearing certain degree of drift sleeve 6, change sleeve 6, the fixed plate hole wearing and tearing that the drift leads to have avoided frequently changing.
In this embodiment, as shown in fig. 4, a transition fillet is provided between the lower end surface of the hanging table 11 and the side surface of the plunger 1, the radius of the transition fillet is r, the radius of the hanging table is r1, the radius of the plunger near the hanging table is r2, and then r is greater than or equal to (r1-r2)/3 and less than or equal to (r1-r 2)/2. Specifically, when the radius r is too small, the transition between the hanging table 11 and the punch 1 is easily broken due to stress concentration; the inventor of the invention has found that, in the process of punching a high-strength plate with a large thickness, when the plate is detached from the punch stem, the plate applies a friction force downward along the axial direction of the punch stem 1 to the punch stem 1, the friction force increases with the increase of the thickness and the strength of the plate, under the action of the friction force, the upper end surface of the sleeve 6 abuts against the lower end surface of the hanging platform 11 to stop the punch head upwards to prevent the punch head from being pulled out of the fixed plate 5 under the action of the friction force, when the radius r is too large, the contact area between the lower end surface of the hanging platform 11 and the upper end surface of the sleeve 6 is reduced, under the action of the friction force, the upper end surface of the sleeve 6 is easily deformed by pressure, and when the upper end surface of the sleeve 6 is deformed by pressure, the lower end surface of the hanging platform 11 is unbalanced in force, and the punch head is broken at the transition part between the hanging platform 11 and the punch stem 1, therefore, the punch is broken at the fillet r when the size of the transition fillet r is set to be too small or too large, in this embodiment, by setting the size of the transition fillet r to be greater than or equal to (r1-r2)/3 and less than or equal to (r1-r2)/2, the contact area between the lower end face of the hanging table 11 and the upper end face of the sleeve 6 can be ensured while ensuring that the stress concentration at the transition fillet r is as small as possible, and the service life of the punch and the sleeve 6 is greatly prolonged.
In this embodiment, the radius r1 of the hanging table is 16mm, the radius r2 of the punch 1 near the hanging table 11 is 12.5mm, and the transition round angle r is 1.5 mm.
In this embodiment, as shown in fig. 3 and 4, in order to ensure the toughness of the punch after being integrally assembled on the fixing plate, if the thickness of the fixing plate 5 is H1, the hardness values of the punch 1 within the range extending from the upper end surface of the hanging table 11 to the cutting edge end by H2 are controlled to be equal to or greater than HRC30 and equal to or less than HRC35 along the axial direction of the punch 1, where H2 is H1 ± 20; in order to ensure that the cutting edge 12 has a sufficiently high hardness, in the embodiment, the thickness of the plate 7 is H4, and the depth of the punch into the die 8 is H5, the hardness value of the punch 1 within the range of extending H3 from the end surface of the cutting edge 12 to the end of the hanging table 11 along the axial direction of the punch 1 is controlled to be greater than or equal to HRC58 and less than or equal to HRC62, wherein H3 is greater than or equal to H4+ H5.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and substitutions can be made without departing from the technical principle of the present invention, and these modifications and substitutions should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The punch comprises a punch rod (1) and is characterized in that a hanging table (11) is integrally arranged at one end of the punch rod (1), a cutting edge (12) is arranged at the other end of the punch rod (1), the hardness value of the cutting edge (12) is more than or equal to HRC58 and less than or equal to HRC62, and the hardness value of the hanging table (11) is more than or equal to HRC30 and less than or equal to HRC 35.
2. A punch machining method according to claim 1, characterized by comprising the steps of:
step S1: selecting a base material according to the excircle specification of the hanging table, roughly machining the base material, and reserving finishing allowance to obtain a base part (2);
step S2: carrying out first heat treatment on the base piece (2) so that the overall hardness value of the base piece (2) is more than or equal to HRC58 and less than or equal to HRC 62;
step S3: carrying out second heat treatment on the base piece, so that the hardness value of the hanging table (21) of the base piece is more than or equal to HRC30 and less than or equal to HRC 35;
and step S4, finishing the base piece (2) to obtain the punch.
3. The punch machining method according to claim 2, wherein the base member is made of D2 steel, and the step S2 includes:
step S21, putting the basic part (2) into a vacuum heat treatment furnace, heating the vacuum heat treatment furnace for 4 hours until the temperature in the furnace reaches 650 +/-5 ℃, and preserving the heat for 2 hours;
step S22: heating the vacuum heat treatment furnace for 3.5 hours until the temperature in the furnace reaches 850 +/-5 ℃, and preserving the heat for 2 hours;
step S23: heating the vacuum heat treatment furnace to 1020 +/-5 ℃ for 4 hours, and preserving the heat for 2 hours;
step S24: cooling the base part (2) to room temperature;
step S25: and tempering the base piece (2) for multiple times.
4. The punch machining method according to claim 3, characterized in that in step S24, the base member (2) is cooled to room temperature using liquid nitrogen.
5. The punch machining method according to claim 3, wherein in step S25, the base member (2) is tempered four times, and the tempering conditions of the first three tempering treatments are as follows: the heat preservation temperature is 550 ℃, the heat preservation time is 4 hours, and the mixture is naturally cooled to the room temperature; the tempering conditions of the fourth tempering treatment are as follows: the temperature is 550 ℃, the time is 3 hours, and the mixture is naturally cooled to the room temperature.
6. The punch machining method according to claim 2, wherein the step S3 includes: and step S31, placing one end of the punch rod (22) of the basic piece and the hanging table (21) of the basic piece into an induction heating device (3), and carrying out local annealing treatment on one end of the punch rod (22) of the basic piece and the hanging table (21) of the basic piece.
7. The punch machining method according to claim 6, characterized in that before the step S31, the method further comprises a step S30 of placing the other end of the punch stem (22) of the base member in a cooling and heat insulating device (4);
the cooling and heat insulation device (4) comprises a first heat conduction block (41) and a second heat conduction block (42) which are oppositely arranged, a first clamping groove is formed in the opposite surface of the first heat conduction block (41) and the second heat conduction block (42), a second clamping groove is formed in the opposite surface of the second heat conduction block (42) and the first heat conduction block (41), and the other end of the punch stem (22) of the base part is clamped between the first heat conduction block (41) and the second heat conduction block (42) through the first clamping groove and the second clamping groove.
8. The punch machining method according to claim 6, further comprising, after the step S31: and step S32, performing destressing tempering on the basic piece, wherein the destressing tempering conditions are that the heat preservation temperature is 550 ℃, the heat preservation time is 2 hours, and the basic piece is naturally cooled to the room temperature.
9. A stamping die, comprising a punch retainer plate (5), a sleeve (6), and the punch of claim 1;
the sleeve (6) is detachably arranged in the fixing plate (5), the punch stem (1) penetrates through the sleeve (6), and the lower end face of the hanging table (11) abuts against the upper end face of the sleeve (6).
10. The stamping die according to claim 9, wherein a transition fillet is arranged between the lower end face of the hanging table (11) and the side face of the punch (1), and if the radius of the transition fillet is r, r is greater than or equal to (r1-r2)/3 and less than or equal to (r1-r2)/2, wherein r1 is the radius of the hanging table (11) and r2 is the radius of the punch (1) near the hanging table (11).
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202111139479.3A CN113941647A (en) | 2021-09-27 | 2021-09-27 | Punch, punch processing method and stamping die |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202111139479.3A CN113941647A (en) | 2021-09-27 | 2021-09-27 | Punch, punch processing method and stamping die |
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| CN113941647A true CN113941647A (en) | 2022-01-18 |
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