CN113938213A - Photonic simulation method for broadband microwave and millimeter wave Doppler effect - Google Patents
Photonic simulation method for broadband microwave and millimeter wave Doppler effect Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a photonic simulation method for broadband microwave and millimeter wave Doppler effect, which comprises the following steps: loading broadband microwaves or millimeter waves to the frequency chirp continuous laser signals, further adopting an optical dispersion element to carry out bandwidth stretching and compression treatment on the generated microwave photon signals, and then recovering the broadband microwave or millimeter wave signals through a photoelectric detector; the recovered broadband microwave or millimeter wave signals simultaneously contain frequency band offset and bandwidth expansion corresponding to the movement speed and the movement acceleration, rather than simple overall frequency shift, and accurate simulation and simulation of the real Doppler effect under high-speed movement are realized. The invention realizes comprehensive and accurate simulation and simulation of Doppler effect of broadband microwave and millimeter wave signals in a high-speed motion scene, and has important significance for the fields of new-generation mobile communication, radar and electronic warfare.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of microwave/millimeter wave, relates to the fields of microwave photonics, Doppler effect (Doppler effect), analog simulation, rail transit, national defense science and technology and the like, and particularly relates to a photonic simulation method of broadband microwave and millimeter wave Doppler effect.
Background
At present, on one hand, frequency bands adopted in communication, radar and electronic warfare are higher and higher, and cross-domain microwave, millimeter wave, terahertz frequency bands and the like are adopted; on the other hand, high-speed motions in applications such as rail transit, air-space-ground networks, aircrafts, weapons and the like are widely available, and the relative speed is higher and higher. These two aspects will lead to the increasingly severe doppler effect (proportional to frequency band and relative speed) of broadband microwave, millimeter wave and terahertz wave. Therefore, the challenges of simulation, compensation and the like of the broadband microwave, millimeter wave and terahertz wave doppler effect are increasing.
Limited by electronic bottlenecks, electronic digital-to-analog converters and the like, the traditional pure electric domain technology (such as DRFM, digital radio frequency storage technology and the like) is not good at simulating the doppler effect of broadband microwave, millimeter wave and terahertz wave. As signal bandwidth increases, broadband coverage often needs to be achieved with a large amount of parallel channelization processing, such as "doppler simulator implementation based on digital synthesis, modern radar, 47-49, 2005"; this results in complex hardware resources, large time delay, high cost, and difficulty in relaying.
In recent years, the problem of high frequency and broadband is effectively solved by simulating the Doppler effect of Microwave, millimeter wave and terahertz wave by adopting the Photonic technology, such as "A single and all-optical Microwave Doppler frequency shift and phase Measurement system base on magnetic loop and I/Q detection. IEEE Transactions on Instrument, particle: 5500809,2021.", "Photonic protocol to frequency-range high-resolution Microwave/millimeter-wave Doppler frequency shift, IEEE transaction on Microwave and Microwave frequency shift, 1421 technique 9, 1422015.", "baseband and millimeter-frequency Doppler shift and 2324," waveguide and all-frequency shift and average amplification shift, emission and phase Measurement, emission. However, these photonics aspects currently have significant disadvantages: the simulated Doppler effect only reflects the whole frequency shift of broadband microwave or millimeter wave (microwave/millimeter wave) signals (constant frequency shift quantity irrelevant to each sub-frequency value in the broadband, and unchanged bandwidth), but not the frequency shift corresponding to an actual scene and containing bandwidth expansion (different frequency shift quantity relevant to each sub-frequency value in the broadband, and bandwidth stretching or compressing transformation); the former can be called "pseudo" Doppler effect by simulation, and the latter can be called "true" Doppler effect by simulation. When single-frequency or narrow-band microwave/millimeter wave signals are considered, the difference between the pseudo Doppler effect and the true Doppler effect of analog simulation is not large; however, when facing wideband and ultra-wideband microwave/millimeter wave signals, the analog simulation 'pseudo' doppler effect is far from the 'true' doppler effect, and it is difficult to accurately describe the propagation and evolution characteristics of signals such as time domain, frequency domain, space domain, etc.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to realize Doppler effect (true Doppler effect) analog simulation of broadband microwave, millimeter wave and terahertz wave signals, the invention provides a photonic simulation method of the Doppler effect of the broadband microwave and millimeter wave.
The invention relates to a photonic simulation method of broadband microwave and millimeter wave Doppler effect, which loads broadband microwave or millimeter wave to be processed on a frequency chirp continuous laser signal to generate a microwave photonic signal; performing bandwidth stretching and compression processing on the microwave photon signals by adopting an optical dispersion element; microwave photon signals processed by the optical dispersion element are converted by a photoelectric detector to restore broadband microwave or millimeter wave signals, and meanwhile, bandwidth expansion and frequency shift caused by high-speed motion are included, so that accurate simulation and simulation of Doppler effect under the high-speed motion are implemented.
Frequency chirped continuous laser signal:
designing a quadratic function or cubic function electric signal, applying the quadratic function or cubic function electric signal to a phase modulator to carry out phase modulation on the single-frequency continuous laser signal, and producing a frequency chirp laser signal; when the electrical signal of the quadratic function is adopted, the first derivative of the quadratic function is related to the speed of high-speed movement; when the cubic function electric signal is adopted, the first derivative of the cubic function is related to the speed of the high-speed motion, and the second derivative of the cubic function is related to the acceleration of the high-speed motion; the positive and negative of the first derivative determine the positive and negative of the motion direction, and the positive and negative of the second derivative determine the positive and negative of the acceleration.
Bandwidth stretching and compressing treatment:
microwave photon signals are input into an optical dispersion element, and the optical dispersion element works in a normal dispersion area or an anomalous dispersion area; when the first derivative of the applied quadratic function or cubic function electric signal is positive, the normal dispersion causes the time domain envelope extension of the microwave photon signal, and the negative dispersion causes the time domain envelope compression of the microwave photon signal; when the first derivative of the applied quadratic function or cubic function electric signal is negative, the positive dispersion causes the time domain envelope compression of the microwave photon signal, and the negative dispersion causes the time domain envelope stretching of the microwave photon signal; based on the property of Fourier transform, the stretching or compressing of the microwave photon signal time domain envelope respectively corresponds to the bandwidth compression or stretching of the microwave photon signal frequency domain, and then the compression or stretching of the broadband microwave or millimeter wave bandwidth is restored through the photoelectric detector, so that the simulation and simulation of the Doppler effect corresponding to the movement speed and the movement acceleration under high-speed movement are implemented.
In the photonic simulation method of the broadband microwave and millimeter wave Doppler effect, a first derivative of a quadratic function electrical signal, a first derivative and a second derivative of a cubic function electrical signal for generating a frequency chirp laser signal can be continuously and flexibly adjusted along with time change, so that the simulation and the simulation of the Doppler effect corresponding to different motion speeds and different accelerations and the dynamic tuning of the Doppler effect simulation and the simulation are realized; and further, accurate continuous simulation and simulation of the Doppler effect corresponding to the time-varying motion speed and the time-varying acceleration of the moving object are realized.
The beneficial technical effects of the invention are as follows:
the simulation method and the simulation device of the true Doppler effect based on the photonics can accurately describe the change conditions of the movement speed and the movement acceleration in a high-speed movement scene aiming at broadband microwave and millimeter wave signals, simultaneously provide the bandwidth stretching and frequency shifting functions of the true Doppler effect, and have important significance for simulation, test and the like in the environments of communication, radar and electronic countermeasure of the high-speed movement scene.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a system in which the method of the present invention is implemented.
Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of bandwidth compression (including bandwidth scaling and frequency shifting) achieved by simulation of true doppler effect.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a simulation of true doppler effect to achieve bandwidth stretching (including bandwidth stretching and frequency shifting).
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of dynamic and continuous simulation of motion velocity and motion acceleration when the motion trajectory of the moving object is a cubic function, which corresponds to accurate simulation and simulation of the doppler effect.
Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of dynamic and continuous simulation of motion velocity and motion acceleration when the motion trajectory of the moving object is a complex function, which corresponds to accurate simulation and simulation of the doppler effect.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the figures and the detailed description.
The photonic simulation method of the broadband microwave and millimeter wave Doppler effect is shown in fig. 1, an arbitrary waveform generation module 10 generates a designed quadratic function, cubic function or complex function electric signal, and a single-frequency continuous laser source 11 outputs a continuous laser signal; both are inputted to the phase modulator 12, and the electric signal phase-modulates the laser signal. And obtaining the frequency chirp laser signal after phase modulation according to the corresponding relation between the phase and the frequency of the optical signal. The broadband microwave or millimeter wave signal to be processed is applied to the intensity modulator 13, and the frequency-chirped laser signal is intensity-modulated, so that the envelope of the processed broadband microwave or millimeter wave signal is loaded onto the frequency-chirped laser signal, forming a microwave photon signal. The microwave photon signal is input into the optical dispersion element 14 to be subjected to time domain stretching or compression (corresponding to frequency domain compression or stretching), and then input into the photodetector 15 to recover the broadband microwave/millimeter wave signal containing the doppler effect (including frequency band shift and bandwidth expansion).
The band shift and bandwidth stretching effect of the broadband microwave/millimeter wave signal to be processed depend on the continuous laser and optical dispersion element of the frequency chirp. As shown in fig. 2 and 3, the effect of the anomalous dispersion region is opposite to the effect of the normal dispersion region. The time domain width (time width), the center frequency and the frequency domain width (bandwidth) of the microwave/millimeter wave signal to be processed are respectively t0、f0、B0. When the set electric signal function presents a positive first derivative, the wavelength of the frequency chirp laser signal is equivalent to linearly increasing along with time. According to the characteristic that the long wavelength optical signal in the normal dispersion region corresponds to a small refractive index (fast propagation speed), the microwave photon signal envelope (equivalently, a restored broadband microwave/millimeter wave signal) is stretched in the time domain and compressed in the frequency domain, and the corresponding time width, center frequency and bandwidth are t respectively1、f1、B1(ii) a At this time, the simulated or simulated doppler effect is a relative reverse motion effect (the relative motion velocity is negative), and the frequency offset (frequency offset) Δ f, the bandwidth expansion Δ B, and the time-width expansion Δ t are respectively calculated as:
Δf＝f1-f0，f1＜f0 (1)
ΔB＝B1-B0. (2)
Δt＝t1-t0，t1＞t0 (3)
when the set electric signal function presents a negative first derivative, the wavelength of the frequency chirp laser signal is equivalent to linearly decreasing along with time. According to the characteristic that the long wavelength optical signal in the normal dispersion region corresponds to a small refractive index (high propagation speed), the restored broadband microwave/millimeter wave signal is compressed in the time domain and stretched in the frequency domain, and the corresponding time width and center frequencyThe bandwidth is t2、f2、B2(ii) a At this time, the simulated doppler effect is the relative motion effect (the relative motion velocity is positive), and the frequency shift Δ f and the bandwidth expansion Δ B are calculated as
Δf＝f2-f0，f2＞f0 (4)
ΔB＝B2-B0. (5)
Δt＝t2-t0，t2＜t0 (6)
Further, the time-width compression ratio α and the bandwidth compression ratio β of the recovered broadband microwave/millimeter wave signal can be calculated.
Δλ＝kt0(9)
Wherein: k is the chirp coefficient (unit is nm/ps) of the frequency chirp laser signal, and D is the dispersion value (unit is ps/nm) of the optical dispersion element; the unit time length of the broadband microwave/millimeter wave signal to be processed can be regarded as the time width t0Or t0And a plurality of divided time width units. At t0The wavelength variation of the frequency chirped laser signal is delta lambda within time and under the k-chirp coefficient.
Meanwhile, in the photonic simulation method of the broadband microwave and millimeter wave Doppler effect, the first derivative of the quadratic function electrical signal, the first derivative and the second derivative of the cubic function electrical signal for generating the frequency chirped continuous laser can be continuously and flexibly adjusted along with the time change, so that the simulation and the simulation of the corresponding Doppler effect under different motion speeds and different motion accelerations and the dynamic tuning of the Doppler effect simulation and the simulation are realized;furthermore, accurate continuous simulation and simulation of the time-varying motion speed of the moving object and the Doppler effect corresponding to the time-varying motion speed are realized. As shown in fig. 4 and 5, t is0The time is a time width unit, and the motion speed trajectory is a quadratic function and a complex function and is divided into a series of time width units; applying different set cubic functions and complex function electric signals to the phase modulator 12 in each time width unit, wherein the wavelength chirp of the corresponding frequency chirp laser signal is a quadratic function and a complex function; here, the amplitude of the applied electrical signal may correspond to a phase folding by 2 pi (i.e., equivalently, dividing the desired phase value by 2 pi, taking the remainder as the remainder), based on the 2 pi (360 degree) periodicity of the phase space, which may substantially reduce the amplitude of the desired electrical signal. And then, bandwidth expansion is implemented through the optical dispersion element, so that accurate continuous simulation and simulation of the Doppler effect corresponding to the time-varying motion speed and the time-varying motion acceleration are realized.
In summary of the above statements, the present invention has the following features. Based on the large bandwidth advantage of photonics, bandwidth stretching or compressing is carried out on broadband microwave/millimeter wave signals loaded on optical signals by combining laser frequency (or wavelength) chirp and optical dispersion effects, so that accurate simulation and simulation of the Doppler effect of the broadband microwave and millimeter wave signals are achieved in an analog mode (non-digital mode), wherein the simulation comprises frequency shift and bandwidth expansion (rather than simple whole frequency shift). And aiming at the rapid change conditions of the motion speed and the motion acceleration in a high-speed motion scene, the Doppler effect simulation and simulation device simultaneously provides accurate Doppler effect simulation and simulation, and has important significance for simulation, test and the like in communication, radar and electronic countermeasure environments of the high-speed motion scene.
Claims (2)
1. A photonic simulation method of broadband microwave and millimeter wave Doppler effect is characterized in that broadband microwave or millimeter wave to be processed is loaded on a frequency chirp continuous laser signal to generate a microwave photonic signal; performing bandwidth stretching and compression processing on the microwave photon signals by adopting an optical dispersion element; converting microwave photon signals processed by the optical dispersion element through a photoelectric detector to recover broadband microwave or millimeter wave signals, and simultaneously carrying out accurate simulation and simulation of Doppler effect under high-speed motion, wherein the broadband microwave or millimeter wave signals comprise bandwidth expansion and integral frequency shift caused by high-speed motion;
the frequency chirped continuous laser signal:
designing a quadratic function or cubic function electric signal, applying the quadratic function or cubic function electric signal to a phase modulator to carry out phase modulation on the single-frequency continuous laser signal, and producing a frequency chirp laser signal; when the electrical signal of the quadratic function is adopted, the first derivative of the quadratic function is related to the speed of high-speed movement; when the cubic function electric signal is adopted, the first derivative of the cubic function is related to the speed of the high-speed motion, and the second derivative of the cubic function is related to the acceleration of the high-speed motion; the positive and negative of the first derivative determines the positive and negative of the motion direction, and the positive and negative of the second derivative determines the positive and negative of the acceleration;
the bandwidth stretching and compressing treatment comprises the following steps:
microwave photon signals are input into an optical dispersion element, and the optical dispersion element works in a normal dispersion area or an anomalous dispersion area; when the first derivative of the applied quadratic function or cubic function electric signal is positive, the normal dispersion causes the time domain envelope extension of the microwave photon signal, and the negative dispersion causes the time domain envelope compression of the microwave photon signal; when the first derivative of the applied quadratic function or cubic function electric signal is negative, the positive dispersion causes the time domain envelope compression of the microwave photon signal, and the negative dispersion causes the time domain envelope stretching of the microwave photon signal; based on the property of Fourier transform, the stretching or compressing of the microwave photon signal time domain envelope respectively corresponds to the bandwidth compression or stretching of the microwave photon signal frequency domain, and then the compression or stretching of the broadband microwave or millimeter wave bandwidth is restored through the photoelectric detector, so that the simulation and simulation of the Doppler effect corresponding to the movement speed and the movement acceleration under high-speed movement are implemented.
2. The photonic simulation method of the broadband microwave and millimeter wave doppler effect according to claim 1, wherein the first derivative of the electrical signal of the quadratic function, the first derivative of the electrical signal of the cubic function and the second derivative of the electrical signal of the quadratic function for generating the frequency chirped laser signal are configured to be continuously changed and adjusted with time, so as to realize the simulation and simulation of the doppler effect corresponding to different motion speeds and different motion accelerations and the dynamic tuning of the doppler effect simulation and simulation.
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