CN113938160A - Remote communication and online verification scheme research of small water and electricity terminal without signal - Google Patents
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- H04B3/00—Line transmission systems
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- H04B3/546—Combination of signalling, telemetering, protection
Abstract
The invention discloses a research on a remote communication and online verification scheme of a small non-signal hydropower terminal, which relates to the technical field of communication and comprises the following schemes: the method comprises the steps of increasing the power of a transmitter, adopting high-precision SMG sampling, adopting a free type networking technology, a re-filtering technology and an adaptive error correction and rectification technology. The invention can effectively solve the problem of signal attenuation caused by insufficient power through the power self-adaptive lifting technology, and can realize automatic adjustment through the combined application with a relay; the SMG is adopted by the receiver to sample the received signal, so that the sampling success rate and the modulation power are improved; the self-healing performance and reliability of the communication network are improved through the self-healing networking capacity; the channel noise influence is weakened by adding a receiving filter; the power of the receiver is reduced, and the carrier communication capacity is improved; the introduced channel coding technology not only has the capability of correcting random bit errors, but also has the capability of correcting large-area burst bit errors.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of communication, in particular to the research of a remote communication and online verification scheme of a small water power terminal without a signal.
Background
The medium voltage carrier device is a device for realizing 10kV power line communication and is provided with a digital signal interface and a carrier signal interface. The digital signal interface can be connected with communication equipment such as an ONU (optical network unit), an industrial Ethernet switch, a switch and a wireless communication module, and can also be connected with terminal devices such as a power distribution automation terminal and a power utilization information acquisition terminal. The carrier signal interface can be connected with the coupling device, and then the carrier signal is injected into a phase line of a 10kV power line through the coupling device, so that the application of the 10kV medium-voltage carrier communication technology has the following problems at present:
1) problem of carrier signal attenuation: according to the transmission line theory, under the action of wave impedance, the carrier signal continuously oscillates and attenuates along the distribution line, and the attenuation is larger when the transmission distance is longer; the 10kV power line channel is complex and changeable, and the situation of large signal attenuation is common, which can cause weak signals at a receiving end; the problem of low success rate of communication due to time-varying property: the medium-voltage distribution line has a certain time variation, communication nodes in the carrier communication network can be switched in and out of working states at any time, and the failure of a relay node can cause the change of a network structure, which can cause the failure of communication between a source node and a destination node in the carrier communication system.
2) Problem of influence of noise on carrier signals: the noise in 10kV power line communication is complex and various, and can be mainly divided into device noise and channel noise. The device noise is generated in a power module and an analog circuit of the carrier receiving equipment, is mainly caused by the thermal motion of electrons, and is radiated to the carrier receiving circuit through space or line crosstalk. The channel noise mainly comes from load equipment, switching equipment and the like on a line, and has white noise with wide spectrum distribution and burst disturbance with concentrated spectrum distribution.
Noise on the medium voltage power line can have a large effect on the carrier signal. Among the 5 types of noise on the medium-voltage distribution line, colored background noise, narrow-band noise, and periodic impulse noise synchronized with the power frequency slowly change over time, and are often classified as background noise. The power spectral density of this type of noise is relatively low but covers a wide range of frequencies. The amplitude of the carrier signal on the line is small and the carrier signal is easily swamped by background noise on the time domain waveform. Because the statistical laws of the carrier signal and the noise are different, and the carrier signal is equivalent to a narrow-band signal relative to the background noise, the purpose of suppressing the out-of-band noise can be achieved through signal processing technologies such as band-pass filtering and the like. However, due to the wide spectrum range of the background noise, the received signal-to-noise ratio of the carrier communication is greatly affected. Especially, when the communication distance is long, the attenuation of the carrier signal is large, and the received signal-to-noise ratio of the carrier communication is low, so that random bit errors are generated.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a scheme research for remote communication and online verification of a small water and electricity terminal without signals so as to solve the problems in the background technology.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme: the research on the remote communication and online verification scheme of the small water and electricity terminal without the signal comprises the following schemes:
A. increasing the transmitter power: in order to improve the anti-attenuation capability of a carrier signal, increase the transmission distance and improve the power of a transmitter, the power of the transmitter is larger and the transmission distance is farther under the condition that the carrier signal and a transmission channel are fixed, the power of the transmitter is improved, the heating condition of a sending circuit is increased, and a matched heat dissipation design is required, for example, a heat dissipation fin is added on a circuit board, and a heat dissipation hole is formed on a transmitter box body;
B. sampling by adopting high-precision SMG: in digital communication, a receiver uses SMG to sample received analog signals, and then uses a digitized sampling value to perform demodulation processing to realize the detection of weak signals;
C. adopting a free networking technology: a free networking technology is adopted in a network layer of a carrier communication system and is used for constructing an effective communication path between carrier communication nodes and improving the self-healing property and reliability of the communication network;
D. multiple filtering techniques: under the condition that the signal power of a receiver is certain, the larger the noise is, the larger the interference on receiving demodulation is, in order to improve the carrier communication capacity, the noise power of the receiver needs to be reduced, for the device noise, the noise can be weakened or eliminated by methods such as reasonably designing a power supply assembly and PCB wiring, isolating sensitive components and the like, and for the channel noise, the influence is weakened mainly by adding a receiving filter;
E. self-adaptive error correction and rectification technology: in order to improve the reliability of 10kV power line communication, a channel coding technology is introduced into carrier communication, aiming at the noise characteristic in a 10kV distribution line, the used channel coding technology is required to have the capability of correcting random bit errors and the capability of correcting large-area sudden bit errors, the real-time performance of the error correction technology is high, the response is fast, and the forward error correction technology is adopted aiming at the random bit errors caused by background noise in the distribution line.
Preferably, the transmitter power in the scheme a is not able to be increased without limitation, and the upper limit is limited by several factors: on one hand, the rated voltage and the rated power of components on a transmitting circuit cannot be exceeded, otherwise, serious loss of the components can be caused, and on the other hand, in order to prevent carrier communication from influencing the normal operation of a medium-voltage distribution network, the standard related to medium-voltage power line carriers limits the power of a transmitter; in order to save energy consumption, the transmitter power can be adaptively adjusted according to the effect of carrier communication, when the carrier communication effect is better, the transmitter power can be reduced by adjusting the relay, and when the carrier communication effect is not good, the transmitter power can be improved by adjusting the relay.
Preferably, in the scheme B, the sampling accuracy of the receiver is affected by the SMG resolution, and the SMG resolution depends on the number of SMG bits, and the higher the number of SMG bits is, the higher the SMG resolution is, the more accurate the acquired digital sample value is, and the higher the demodulation success rate of the receiver is.
Preferably, when the communication quality between the nodes in the scheme C changes or the original communication network is damaged, the communication system itself can complete updating or reconfiguration of the network, and when the central node finds that a certain node fails in multiple communications during operation of the carrier communication system, the optimal routing process for the node is initiated once, and the central node routing table is updated according to the optimization result to indicate that the node is normal or has exited from the network.
Preferably, in the scheme C, after communication between the slave node device and the master node device is interrupted due to reasons such as line load switching, the master node device may automatically find the interrupted communication slave node device through the slave node device, complete automatic routing and networking functions, construct a network relationship, ensure that a communication link is stable and reliable when a line operation mode changes, and extend a communication distance.
Preferably, the receiving filter in the scheme D may be an analog filter arranged on the receiving circuit, or may be a digital filter implemented by programming inside a chip, and the analog filter is mature, simple to implement, good in performance, and stable in operation, but is easily affected by the external environment, and the performance is lost after long-term operation; the digital filter is not influenced by aging of components, but is weaker than the analog filter in performance; therefore, in order to improve the filtering effect, a variety of filtering techniques should be used in combination.
Preferably, the forward error correction technique in the scheme E attaches some parity symbols to the transmitted information sequence at the carrier transmitting end, the parity symbols and the information symbols are associated with each other according to a certain rule, the carrier receiving end checks the relationship between the information symbols and the parity symbols according to the established association rule, and once an error occurs during the transmission process, the relationship between the information symbols and the parity symbols is destroyed, so that the error can be found and corrected.
Preferably, in the scheme E, in order to balance the carrier communication rate and reliability, an appropriate coding scheme is adaptively selected based on the estimation of the channel environment of the power distribution line carrier, and when the channel environment is good, a coding scheme with weak error correction capability and less time consumption is used, and when the channel environment is poor, the coding scheme is automatically switched to a coding scheme with stronger error correction capability.
The invention has the technical effects and advantages that:
1. the invention can effectively solve the problem of signal attenuation caused by insufficient power through a power self-adaptive lifting technology, can realize automatic adjustment and intelligent switching by combining with a relay, and saves energy and reduces consumption;
2. according to the invention, the receiver adopts SMG to sample the received signal, so that the sampling success rate and the modulating power are improved;
3. the self-healing networking capability of the communication network is utilized to improve the self-healing performance and reliability of the communication network, and the communication distance can be prolonged;
4. the invention weakens the influence of channel noise by adding a receiving filter; the power of the receiver is reduced, the carrier communication capacity is improved, and the influence of partial noise on communication can be effectively solved by adopting a multiple filtering technology;
5. the invention not only has the capability of correcting random error codes, but also has the capability of correcting large-area sudden error codes by introducing the channel coding technology, and the error correcting and correcting technology has high real-time performance and faster response.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a transmission principle of a conventional medium-voltage carrier communication technology.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a communication path before a change in the operation mode of the line according to the present invention occurs.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a communication path after a change in the operation mode of the line according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The invention provides a remote communication and online verification scheme research of a small hydropower terminal without signals as shown in figures 1-3, which comprises the following embodiments:
example 1
The research on the remote communication and online verification scheme of the small water and electricity terminal without the signal comprises the following schemes:
A. increasing the transmitter power: in order to improve the attenuation resistance of a carrier signal, increase the transmission distance and increase the transmitter power, the transmitter power is an effective means, and under the condition that the carrier signal and a transmission channel are fixed, the larger the power of the transmitter is, the farther the transmission distance is, the transmitter power is increased, the heating condition of a sending circuit can be increased, and a matched heat dissipation design needs to be carried out, for example, a heat dissipation fin is added on a circuit board, a heat dissipation hole is formed on a transmitter box body, the transmitter power is not increased without limit, and the upper limit is limited by several factors: on one hand, the rated voltage and the rated power of components on a transmitting circuit cannot be exceeded, otherwise, serious loss of the components can be caused, and on the other hand, in order to prevent carrier communication from influencing the normal operation of a medium-voltage distribution network, the standard related to medium-voltage power line carriers limits the power of a transmitter; in order to save energy consumption, the transmitter power can be adaptively adjusted according to the effect of carrier communication, when the carrier communication effect is better, the transmitter power can be reduced by adjusting the relay, and when the carrier communication effect is not good, the transmitter power can be improved by adjusting the relay;
B. sampling by adopting high-precision SMG: in digital communication, a receiver uses SMG to sample received analog signals, and then uses a digitized sampling value to perform demodulation processing to realize the detection of weak signals, the sampling precision of the receiver is influenced by the SMG resolution, the SMG resolution depends on the SMG digit, the higher the SMG digit is, the higher the SMG resolution is, the more accurate the acquired digital sample value is, and the higher the demodulation success rate of the receiver is;
C. adopting a free networking technology: a free networking technology is adopted at a network layer of a carrier communication system for constructing an effective communication path between carrier communication nodes and improving the self-healing property and the reliability of the communication network, when the communication quality between the nodes changes or the original communication network is damaged, the communication system can update or reconstruct the network, when a central node finds that a certain node fails in communication for many times in the operation of the carrier communication system, an optimal route searching process for the node is initiated once, a central node route table is updated according to the searching result to indicate that the node is normal or quit the network, the distribution networking method can dynamically update a network structure, find failed network nodes and network nodes which cannot be connected in time and process in time, realize the nearby access of the certain node, improve the reliability of the network, and simultaneously after communication between a slave node device and a master node device is interrupted due to line load switching and the like, the master node equipment can automatically find the slave node equipment interrupting communication through the slave node equipment, complete automatic routing and networking functions, and construct a network relationship, so that not only can the stability and reliability of a communication link be ensured when the line operation mode is changed, but also the communication distance can be prolonged;
D. multiple filtering techniques: under the condition that the signal power of a receiver is certain, the larger the noise is, the larger the interference on receiving demodulation is, in order to improve the carrier communication capacity, the noise power of the receiver needs to be reduced, for the device noise, the noise can be weakened or eliminated by reasonably designing a power supply assembly and PCB wiring, isolating sensitive components and the like, for the channel noise, the influence of the channel noise is weakened mainly by adding a receiving filter, the receiving filter can be an analog filter arranged on a receiving circuit, and can also be a digital filter realized by programming in a chip, the analog filter is mature, the realization is simple, the performance is good, the operation is stable, but the channel noise is easily influenced by the external environment, and the performance can be lost after long-term operation; the digital filter is not influenced by aging of components, but is weaker than the analog filter in performance; therefore, in order to improve the filtering effect, a plurality of filtering techniques should be used in combination;
E. self-adaptive error correction and rectification technology: in order to improve the reliability of 10kV power line communication, a channel coding technology is introduced into carrier communication, aiming at the noise characteristic in a 10kV power distribution line, the used channel coding technology is required to have the capability of correcting random bit errors and also has the capability of correcting large-area burst bit errors, the real-time performance of the error correction and rectification technology is high, the response is fast, aiming at the random bit errors caused by background noise in the power distribution line, a forward error correction and rectification technology is adopted, the forward error correction and rectification technology adds some supervision code elements to a transmitted information sequence at a carrier transmitting end, the supervision code elements and information code elements are correlated with each other according to a certain determined rule, the relation between the information code elements and the supervision code elements is checked at a carrier receiving end according to a set correlation rule, and once errors occur in the transmission process, the relation between the information code elements and the supervision code elements is damaged, therefore, errors can be found and corrected, and in order to balance the carrier communication rate and reliability, an appropriate coding scheme is adaptively selected according to the estimation of the distribution line carrier channel environment, and when the channel environment is good, a coding scheme with weak error correction capability and less time consumption is used, and when the channel environment is poor, a coding scheme with stronger error correction capability is automatically switched.
Example 2
Alternative of the invention:
the first problem is that: impedance of carrier channel
The impedance of the 10kV power line communication channel is not a specific value, but changes along with the change of various factors, the factors influencing the impedance characteristics of the power line communication mainly comprise the frequency of signals, the topological structure of the line and various loads on the line, and the theoretical research and the actual test show that the impedance value of the 10kV power line communication channel is distributed between several ohms and several kiloohms.
In a 10kV power line communication system, the impedance characteristic of a carrier communication channel directly influences the efficiency of signal transmission and reception and is a crucial influencing factor in the system, the input impedance of the carrier communication channel refers to the equivalent impedance of a power distribution network between a coupling point of a carrier signal transmitting device and a coupling point of a carrier signal receiving device, the size of the input impedance directly influences the efficiency of carrier signal coupling, and when the impedances of the carrier signal transmitting device, the channel and the carrier signal receiving device are matched, the maximum signal transmission efficiency and the maximum signal reception efficiency can be achieved.
The two-port network theory and the high-frequency transmission line theory are adopted, a two-port model and a transmission line model are established for different types of distribution lines, different line topological structures and different line loads, impedance characteristics under different frequencies are researched, and the output impedance of the carrier equipment is reasonably designed through the research on the impedance characteristics so as to achieve impedance matching and achieve the maximization of receiving efficiency.
(II) corresponding solution: adaptive impedance matching techniques
Impedance refers to the effect of hindering voltage or current signals in a circuit with resistance, inductance and capacitance, in a circuit system, when the impedance in a signal source is equal to the impedance of a load, the power obtained by the load is maximized, and when impedance mismatch exists, the power obtained by the load is weakened, and in 10kV power line communication, in order to reduce the internal power consumption of a transmitter and improve the power obtained by a receiver, impedance matching design is performed.
The 10kV power line communication system is composed of a transmitting circuit, a receiving circuit and a transmission channel, wherein each part can be regarded as a two-port network, and in order to maximize the work obtained by a receiver, the output impedance of the transmitting circuit is required to realize conjugate matching with the input impedance of the transmission channel, and the input impedance of the receiving circuit is required to realize conjugate matching with the output impedance of the transmission channel.
The medium-voltage distribution line has complex line topology, various line loads, complex and variable impedance characteristics, both capacitive and inductive, and a numerical distribution range extending from a few ohms to thousands of ohms.
Finally, it should be noted that: although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that modifications may be made to the embodiments or portions thereof without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
Claims (8)
1. The research on the remote communication and online verification scheme of the small water and electricity terminal without the signal is characterized by comprising the following schemes:
A. increasing the transmitter power: in order to improve the anti-attenuation capability of a carrier signal, increase the transmission distance and improve the power of a transmitter, the power of the transmitter is larger and the transmission distance is farther under the condition that the carrier signal and a transmission channel are fixed, the power of the transmitter is improved, the heating condition of a sending circuit is increased, and a matched heat dissipation design is required, for example, a heat dissipation fin is added on a circuit board, and a heat dissipation hole is formed on a transmitter box body;
B. sampling by adopting high-precision SMG: in digital communication, a receiver uses SMG to sample received analog signals, and then uses a digitized sampling value to perform demodulation processing to realize the detection of weak signals;
C. adopting a free networking technology: a free networking technology is adopted in a network layer of a carrier communication system and is used for constructing an effective communication path between carrier communication nodes and improving the self-healing property and reliability of the communication network;
D. multiple filtering techniques: in order to improve the carrier communication capacity, the noise power of a receiver must be reduced, for the device noise, the noise can be weakened or eliminated by reasonably designing a power supply component and a PCB (printed circuit board) wiring, isolating sensitive components and the like, and for the channel noise, the influence of the channel noise is weakened mainly by adding a receiving filter;
E. self-adaptive error correction and rectification technology: in order to improve the reliability of 10kV power line communication, a channel coding technology is introduced into carrier communication, aiming at the noise characteristic in a 10kV distribution line, the used channel coding technology is required to have the capability of correcting random bit errors and the capability of correcting large-area sudden bit errors, the real-time performance of the error correction technology is high, the response is fast, and the forward error correction technology is adopted aiming at the random bit errors caused by background noise in the distribution line.
2. The non-signal small hydropower terminal remote communication and on-line verification scheme research as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: in the scheme A, in order to save energy consumption, the transmitter power can be adaptively adjusted according to the effect of carrier communication, when the carrier communication effect is better, the transmitter power can be reduced by adjusting the relay, and when the carrier communication effect is not good, the transmitter power is improved by adjusting the relay.
3. The non-signal small hydropower terminal remote communication and on-line verification scheme research as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: in the scheme B, the sampling precision of the receiver is influenced by the SMG resolution, the SMG resolution depends on the SMG bit number, the higher the SMG bit number is, the higher the SMG resolution is, the more accurate the acquired digital sample value is, and the higher the demodulation success rate of the receiver is.
4. The non-signal small hydropower terminal remote communication and on-line verification scheme research as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: when the communication quality between the nodes in the scheme C changes or the original communication network is damaged, the communication system can update or reconstruct the network.
5. The non-signal small hydropower terminal remote communication and on-line verification scheme research as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: in the scheme C, after communication between the slave node device and the master node device is interrupted due to reasons such as line load switching, the master node device can automatically search for the interrupted communication slave node device through the slave node device, complete automatic routing and networking functions, construct a network relationship, ensure that a communication link is stable and reliable when a line operation mode changes, and prolong a communication distance.
6. The non-signal small hydropower terminal remote communication and on-line verification scheme research as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: the receiving filter in the scheme D may be an analog filter disposed on the receiving circuit, or may be a digital filter implemented by programming inside a chip.
7. The non-signal small hydropower terminal remote communication and on-line verification scheme research as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: the forward error correction technology in the scheme E attaches some parity symbols to the transmitted information sequence at the carrier transmitting end, the parity symbols and the information symbols are associated with each other according to a certain rule, the relationship between the information symbols and the parity symbols is checked at the carrier receiving end according to the established association rule, once an error occurs in the transmission process, the relationship between the information symbols and the parity symbols is destroyed, so that the error can be found and corrected.
8. The non-signal small hydropower terminal remote communication and on-line verification scheme research as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: in the scheme E, in order to balance the carrier communication rate and reliability, an appropriate coding scheme is adaptively selected according to the estimation of the distribution line carrier channel environment, and when the channel environment is good, a coding scheme with weak error correction capability and less time consumption is used, and when the channel environment is poor, a coding scheme with stronger error correction capability is automatically switched.
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Application publication date: 20220114 |