CN113937383B - Battery module, battery pack and vehicle - Google Patents
Battery module, battery pack and vehicle Download PDFInfo
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- CN113937383B CN113937383B CN202010603792.7A CN202010603792A CN113937383B CN 113937383 B CN113937383 B CN 113937383B CN 202010603792 A CN202010603792 A CN 202010603792A CN 113937383 B CN113937383 B CN 113937383B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/61—Types of temperature control
- H01M10/613—Cooling or keeping cold
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/62—Heating or cooling; Temperature control specially adapted for specific applications
- H01M10/625—Vehicles
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
- H01M10/655—Solid structures for heat exchange or heat conduction
- H01M10/6556—Solid parts with flow channel passages or pipes for heat exchange
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
- H01M10/656—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells characterised by the type of heat-exchange fluid
- H01M10/6567—Liquids
- H01M10/6568—Liquids characterised by flow circuits, e.g. loops, located externally to the cells or cell casings
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Secondary Cells (AREA)
- Battery Mounting, Suspending (AREA)
Abstract
The application belongs to the technical field of batteries, and particularly relates to a battery module, a battery pack and a vehicle, wherein the battery module comprises a module frame and an electric core fixed in the module frame, and the module frame comprises a frame body and a pipeline; the battery cell is characterized in that a plurality of branch flow channels are arranged on the frame body, the bottom surface of the battery cell is opposite to the bottom inner wall of the frame body at intervals so as to form a bottom flow channel therebetween, two lateral sides of the battery cell in the width direction are opposite to the lateral inner wall of the frame body at intervals so as to form a lateral flow channel therebetween, an upper opening of the branch flow channel is communicated with a pipeline, a lower opening of the branch flow channel is communicated with the upper end of the lateral flow channel, and the lower end of the lateral flow channel is communicated with the bottom flow channel. The battery module integrates part of the loop of the battery pack cooling system on the module frame of the battery module, and has simpler process and structure.
Description
Technical Field
The application belongs to the technical field of batteries, and particularly relates to a battery module, a battery pack and a vehicle.
Background
The prior art discloses a sealed submergence formula battery package and cooling system thereof based on fluoridize liquid, and the battery package includes casing, battery module, heat exchanger, encapsulation mouth, pressure sensor, temperature sensor and battery control module, and the casing includes shell wall, upper cover and lower cover, and the upper cover top sets up radiating fin, and the lower cover internal surface is provided with a plurality of protruding roof beam structures. The battery module is arranged on the protruding beam structure at the inner bottom of the shell, and the battery module is partially or completely immersed in the fluoridized liquid. The heat exchanger is arranged between the shell and the battery module or on the outer surface of the shell and is used for taking away heat generated by the battery module during operation, and the heat exchanger is provided with a refrigerant inlet and a refrigerant outlet for refrigerant to circulate in and out. The packaging opening is arranged on the shell and is used for vacuumizing the battery pack and filling the fluoride liquid. One end of the pressure sensor is arranged inside the shell and used for detecting the pressure inside the battery pack. And the temperature sensor is used for monitoring the temperatures of the battery module and the fluoride liquid in real time. And the battery control module is used for managing the battery module. The battery pack is connected into a cooling system through a heat exchanger for cooling.
The prior battery pack and the prior cooling system adopt the fluoridation liquid which is insulating and nonflammable and can be directly contacted with the battery cell. The cooling principle is as follows: the battery module generates heat to boil and vaporize the fluoride liquid, and the gaseous fluoride liquid is subjected to heat exchange with the refrigerant in the heat exchanger to condense the gaseous fluoride liquid into liquid fluoride liquid which falls back into the battery pack, so that the heat of the battery module is brought out of the battery pack through circulation. The amount of fluorinated liquid in the battery pack in this cooling mode needs to be accurately controlled. The excessive amount of fluoride can lead to the increase of the overall quality of the battery pack and the reduction of specific energy; the amount of fluoride is too small to meet the heat dissipation requirement of the battery, so that the compactness of the battery pack can be reduced, and the volume of the battery pack is increased. In addition, the whole inclusion is sealed, and when the heat exchanger sets up between module and casing, because gaseous state fluoridized liquid is doing irregular motion, and the area of heat exchanger is limited, probably leads to gaseous state fluoridized liquid in the whole battery package more and more, and liquid fluoridized liquid is less and more, and the internal atmospheric pressure of battery package becomes high, has the security risk. When the vehicle is in a plateau region, the fluoridized liquid is possibly gasified due to the change of the ambient air pressure, so that the air pressure in the battery pack is increased, and the safety risk exists. When the temperature of the environment is higher, heat in the environment can be transferred into the battery pack through the fins and the battery pack shell (the heat exchanger is designed between the module and the shell), or the heat exchanger dissipates more cold in the environment (the heat exchanger is designed outside the shell), so that the cold energy requirement for cooling the battery is increased, and the energy consumption of the whole vehicle is increased. Compared with the traditional battery pack, the design has the advantages that the fluoride liquid is added on the basis of the original structural part, and the weight is not advantageous. In addition, when the battery pack is maintained, the fluorinated liquid in the pack is possibly polluted, so that the safety risk exists, and the maintenance cost is high. In addition, the added heat exchanger results in a complex structure of the battery pack.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problems to be solved by the application are as follows: aiming at the problem that the structure of a battery pack is complex due to the added heat exchanger in the existing sealed immersed battery pack, the battery module, the battery pack and the vehicle are provided.
In order to solve the technical problems, in one aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a battery module, including a module frame and a battery core fixed in the module frame, where the module frame includes a frame body and a pipe;
the battery cell comprises a frame body, wherein a plurality of branch flow channels are arranged on the frame body, the bottom surface of a battery cell is opposite to the inner wall of the bottom of the frame body at intervals to form a bottom flow channel therebetween, two lateral sides of the battery cell in the width direction are opposite to the inner wall of the lateral side of the frame body at intervals to form a lateral flow channel therebetween, an upper opening of the branch flow channel is communicated with a pipeline, a lower opening of the branch flow channel is communicated with the upper end of the lateral flow channel, the lower end of the lateral flow channel is communicated with the bottom flow channel, the lateral flow channel and the bottom flow channel form a closed space capable of flowing and storing cooling medium, the cooling medium flows into the closed space through the pipeline and the branch flow channel, and the bottom of the battery cell is immersed in the cooling medium in the closed space; and a cooling medium outlet communicated with the bottom runner is arranged on the frame body.
Optionally, the wall surface of the frame body located inside the branch flow channel is in heat conduction contact with two lateral surfaces of the battery cell in the width direction.
Optionally, the bottom runner includes a first side bottom runner, a second side bottom runner, and a converging channel connected between the first side bottom runner and the second side bottom runner, and the converging channel is located at the lowest position of the bottom runner.
Optionally, the bottom inner wall of the frame body includes a first inclined plane located below the first side bottom runner and a second inclined plane located below the second side bottom runner, where the heights of the first inclined plane and the second inclined plane gradually decrease toward a direction close to the converging runner.
Optionally, the frame body includes a first side plate, a second side plate, and a bottom frame connected between the bottom side of the first side plate and the bottom side of the second side plate; the cooling medium outlet is arranged outside the bottom frame and communicated with one end of the confluence channel in the length direction, and the other end of the confluence channel in the length direction is closed;
the plurality of branch flow passages comprise a plurality of first branch flow passages arranged in the first side plate and a plurality of second branch flow passages arranged in the second side plate, the side flow passages comprise a first side flow passage and a second side flow passage, the first side flow passage is formed between one side surface of the battery cell in the width direction and the inner wall of the first side frame of the bottom frame, and the second side flow passage is formed between the other side surface of the battery cell in the width direction and the inner wall of the second side frame of the bottom frame; the pipeline comprises a first pipeline, a second pipeline and a liquid inlet pipeline, wherein the first pipeline is connected to the top side of the first side plate, the second pipeline is connected to the top side of the second side plate, the liquid inlet of the liquid inlet pipeline is connected with a cooling liquid supply device, the two liquid outlets of the liquid inlet pipeline are respectively connected with the liquid inlet of the first pipeline and the liquid inlet of the second pipeline, the bottom of the first pipeline is provided with a first liquid outlet or a first liquid outlet groove communicated with the upper ends of a plurality of first branch flow channels, and the bottom of the second pipeline is provided with a second liquid outlet or a second liquid outlet groove communicated with the upper ends of a plurality of second branch flow channels;
the upper opening of the first branch flow passage is communicated with the first pipeline, the lower opening of the first branch flow passage is communicated with the upper end of the first side flow passage, the lower end of the first side flow passage is communicated with one end of the first side bottom flow passage, and the other end of the first side bottom flow passage is communicated with the confluence passage; the upper opening of the second branch flow passage is communicated with the second pipeline, the lower opening of the second branch flow passage is communicated with the upper end of the second side flow passage, the lower end of the second side flow passage is communicated with one end of the second side bottom flow passage, and the other end of the second side bottom flow passage is communicated with the confluence passage.
Optionally, the electric core is formed by stacking a plurality of single batteries along the length direction of the bottom frame, the wall surface of the first side plate, which is positioned at the inner side of the first branch flow channel, is in sealing heat conduction contact with one side surface of the electric core in the width direction, and the wall surface of the second side plate, which is positioned at the inner side of the second branch flow channel, is in sealing heat conduction contact with the other side surface of the electric core in the width direction, so that the bottom flow channel, the first side flow channel and the second side flow channel form a closed space capable of flowing and storing cooling medium.
Optionally, the bus duct extends along the length direction of the bottom frame, and the bus duct is located at a middle position in the width direction of the bottom frame; the number of the first branch flow passages and the second branch flow passages is consistent with that of the single batteries; each first branch runner corresponds to one side face of the single battery in the width direction, and each second branch runner corresponds to the other side face of the single battery in the width direction.
Optionally, the battery module further comprises a first end plate, a second end plate and a structural member, wherein the first end plate is connected to a first end of the module frame in the length direction, and the second end plate is connected to a second end of the module frame in the length direction; the first end plate presses one end face of the battery cell in the length direction, and the second end plate presses the other end face of the battery cell in the length direction;
the structural member is connected to the battery cell and used for fixing and mutually spacing a plurality of single batteries.
Optionally, the battery module further includes a first elastic spacer and a second elastic spacer, the first elastic spacer is attached to one end face of the electric core in the length direction, the first end plate compresses the first elastic spacer, the second elastic spacer is attached to the other end face of the electric core in the length direction, and the second end plate compresses the second elastic spacer.
Optionally, the structural member is a fin structural member, and the fin structural member comprises a first vertical fin and a second vertical fin, wherein the first vertical fin is fixed on the first side plate and inserted into a first side part of a gap between two adjacent single batteries, and the second vertical fin is fixed on the second side plate and inserted into a second side part of the gap between two adjacent single batteries;
the battery module further comprises a rubber piece, wherein the rubber piece comprises a rubber piece base body extending along the length direction of the flow converging channel and a plurality of rubber spacers arranged on the rubber piece base body at intervals along the length direction of the flow converging channel, and the rubber spacers are inserted into the lower parts of gaps between two adjacent single batteries.
The first vertical fin that sets up on the first curb plate has increased the fixed area of first curb plate and electric core, and the second vertical fin that sets up on the second curb plate has increased the fixed area of second curb plate and electric core. Because of the self-characteristics of the battery cell, certain bulge can be generated in the later period of life, and the bulge amplitude needs to be controlled to prevent the battery cell from losing efficacy. The first vertical fins on the first side plate and the second vertical fins on the second side plate play a role in fixing the position of the battery cell, and meanwhile, a plurality of single batteries are separated, so that a space is reserved for normal expansion of the battery cell in the later stage.
Optionally, the top of the first side frame of the bottom frame is bent outwards to form a first pull plate, a second pull plate which extends outwards is arranged on the outer side of the first side plate, the second pull plate and the first pull plate are attached and fixed up and down, and the lower side of the first side plate is inserted into the bottom frame;
the top of the second side frame of the bottom frame is outwards bent to form a third pulling plate, a fourth pulling plate which stretches outwards is arranged on the outer side of the second side plate, the fourth pulling plate and the third pulling plate are vertically attached and fixed, and the lower side of the second side plate is inserted into the bottom frame.
Optionally, the structural member comprises an upper structural member and a lower structural member, wherein the upper structural member is connected to the top of the battery cell, and the lower structural member is connected to the bottom of the battery cell;
the upper structural member comprises a plurality of upper spacers, and each upper spacer is inserted into the upper part of the gap between two adjacent single batteries; the lower structural member comprises a plurality of lower spacers, and each lower spacer is inserted into the lower part of the gap between two adjacent single batteries;
the upper spacer is a wedge spacer with a wide upper part and a narrow lower part, and the lower spacer is a rectangular spacer.
On the other hand, the embodiment of the application also provides a battery pack, which comprises the battery module.
According to the battery module and the battery pack, compared with a conventional liquid cooling battery pack, the battery module integrates part of a loop of a battery pack cooling system on a module frame of the battery module, has simpler process and structure, reduces cooling plates (heat exchangers) and auxiliary structures thereof, and has lighter weight.
The branch flow passage indirectly cools the battery cell through the frame body, and the immersion cooling (direct cooling) of the battery cell can be realized by the cooling liquid filled in the space formed by combining the side flow passage formed by the two side surfaces of the battery cell in the width direction opposite to the side inner wall of the frame body at intervals and the bottom flow passage formed by the bottom surface of the battery cell opposite to the bottom inner wall of the frame body at intervals. Therefore, through direct cooling and indirect cooling, the cooling area of the battery cell is large, the cooling efficiency is high, and the temperature of the battery cell can be more uniform.
Compared with the battery pack using the fluoride liquid in the prior art, the battery module provided by the application has the advantages that the cooling flow channel is integrated on the module frame, the heat exchange area is increased, the cooling medium (such as the fluoride liquid) can directly cool the battery cell, other cooling mediums and structures are not needed, the heat exchange times are reduced, and the heat exchange efficiency is improved.
The battery module of the application can adopt fluoridized liquid (or other non-conductive nonflammable cooling medium) as the cooling medium of the system. The fluoridized liquid has the property of insulation and incombustibility, can be directly contacted with the battery cell, reduces the heat exchange times, and improves the heat exchange efficiency. The bottom of electric core is soaked in the fluoridized liquid, if the temperature of single battery cell is too high, can be very fast through module frame and fluoridized liquid with the heat dispersion, reduce electric core thermal runaway's risk.
The battery module is placed in the battery pack, cannot be in direct contact with the external environment, and is small in cold energy loss. The cooling medium (such as fluoride liquid) in the battery module is isolated from the environment in the battery pack, and the battery pack can still use the air-permeable valve to balance the air pressure inside and outside the battery pack, so that the energy consumption and the safety risk are reduced. The battery module is used as a cooling unit, the cooling structure does not depend on a battery pack shell or a tray, the maintenance is convenient, the flexibility is good, the replaceability is strong, and the application range is wide.
In still another aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a vehicle including the above battery module.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a perspective view of a battery module according to a first embodiment of the present application;
fig. 2 is an exploded view of a battery module of a battery pack according to a first embodiment of the present application;
fig. 3 is a side view of a battery module of a battery pack provided in a first embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view taken along the direction A-A in FIG. 3;
FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view taken along the direction B-B in FIG. 3;
fig. 6 is a perspective view of a first duct and a first side plate of a battery module according to a first embodiment of the present application;
fig. 7 is a side view of a first duct and a first side plate of a battery module according to a first embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view taken along the direction C-C in FIG. 7;
FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view taken along the direction D-D in FIG. 7;
FIG. 10 is an enlarged view at a in FIG. 8;
fig. 11 is a perspective view of a second duct and a second side plate of a battery module according to a first embodiment of the present application;
fig. 12 is a side view of a second duct and a second side plate of the battery module according to the first embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 13 is a cross-sectional view taken along the direction E-E in FIG. 12;
FIG. 14 is a cross-sectional view taken along the direction F-F in FIG. 12;
FIG. 15 is an enlarged view at b in FIG. 13;
fig. 16 is a perspective view of a bottom frame of a battery module according to a first embodiment of the present application;
fig. 17 is a side view of a bottom frame of a battery module according to a first embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 18 is a cross-sectional view taken along the direction G-G in FIG. 17;
FIG. 19 is an enlarged view at c in FIG. 18;
FIG. 20 is an enlarged view of FIG. 18 at d;
fig. 21 is an assembly process view of a battery module according to a first embodiment of the present application;
fig. 22 is a perspective view of a battery module according to a second embodiment of the present application;
fig. 23 is an exploded view of a battery module according to a second embodiment of the present application.
Reference numerals in the specification are as follows:
1. a module frame; 11. a frame body; 111. a first side plate; 1111. a second pulling plate; 112. a second side plate; 1121. a fourth pulling plate; 113. a bottom frame; 1131. a first side frame; 1132. a second side frame; 1133. a third side frame; 1134. a fourth side frame 1135, a bottom panel; 1136. a first pulling plate; 1137. a third pulling plate; 12. A cooling medium outlet; 13. a first pipe; 14. a second pipe; 15. a liquid inlet pipe; 16. a first end plate; 17. a second end plate; 18a, fin structure; 181a, first vertical fins; 182a, second vertical fins; 181b, upper structural member; 1811b, upper spacer; 182b, lower structural member; 1821b, lower spacer; 19a, a first elastic septum; 19b, a second elastic septum; 19c, rubber member; 191c, a rubber member base; 192c, a rubber spacer;
2. a battery cell; 21. a single battery;
a. a side flow passage; a1, a first side runner; a2, a second side runner;
b. a bottom flow channel; b1, a first side bottom runner; b2, a second side bottom runner;
d. branching flow channels; d1, a first branch flow passage; d2, a second branch flow passage;
t, confluence channel;
H. l and hole sites;
SP, enclosed space;
s1, a first inclined plane; s2, a second inclined plane;
xp1, first ramp; xp2, second ramp.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical problems, technical schemes and beneficial effects solved by the application more clear, the application is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the application.
First embodiment
Referring to fig. 1 to 21, a battery module according to a first embodiment of the present application includes a module frame 1 and a battery cell 2 fixed in the module frame, the module frame 1 including a frame body 11 and a duct.
The battery cell comprises a frame body 11, wherein a plurality of branch flow passages d are arranged on the frame body 11, the bottom surface of the battery cell 2 is opposite to the bottom inner wall of the frame body 11 at intervals to form a bottom flow passage b therebetween, two lateral surfaces of the battery cell 2 in the width direction are opposite to the lateral inner wall of the frame body 11 at intervals to form a lateral flow passage a therebetween, an upper opening of the branch flow passage d is communicated with a pipeline, a lower opening of the branch flow passage d is communicated with the upper end of the lateral flow passage a, the lower end of the lateral flow passage a is communicated with the bottom flow passage b, the lateral flow passage a and the bottom flow passage b form a closed space SP capable of flowing and storing cooling medium, the cooling medium flows into the closed space SP through the pipeline and the branch flow passage d, and the bottom of the battery cell 2 is soaked in the cooling medium in the closed space SP. The frame body 11 is provided with a cooling medium outlet 12 communicating with the bottom flow passage b. The cooling medium is a non-conductive and non-flammable cooling medium, and a fluorinated liquid is taken as an example.
The wall surface of the frame body 11 located inside the branch flow passage d is in heat conduction contact with both side surfaces of the battery cell 2 in the width direction.
By designing the inner diameter of the pipe through which the fluorinated liquid enters and exits the battery pack, the storage amount of the fluorinated liquid in the battery module is maintained, and the volume of the battery cell 2 immersed in the fluorinated liquid can be kept constant.
Referring to fig. 5, the bottom flow channel b includes a first side bottom flow channel b1, a second side bottom flow channel b2, and a converging channel t connected between the first side bottom flow channel b1 and the second side bottom flow channel b2, wherein the converging channel t is located at the lowest position of the bottom flow channel b.
The bottom inner wall of the frame body 11 includes a first inclined surface s1 located below the first side bottom flow channel b1 and a second inclined surface s2 located below the second side bottom flow channel b2, where the heights of the first inclined surface s1 and the second inclined surface s2 gradually decrease toward the direction approaching the converging channel t. The first inclined plane s1 and the second inclined plane s2 are used for facilitating the fluorinated liquid to collect into the confluence channel t and weakening the influence of the battery cell 2 on the obstruction of the fluorinated liquid.
Referring to fig. 5, the frame body 11 includes a first side plate 111, a second side plate 112, and a bottom frame 113 connected between the bottom side of the first side plate 111 and the bottom side of the second side plate 112; the cooling medium outlet is arranged outside the bottom frame and is communicated with one end of the confluence channel in the length direction, and the other end of the confluence channel in the length direction is closed.
The bottom frame 113 is composed of a bottom plate 1135 and frames connected around the bottom plate 1135, the frames include a first side frame 1131, a second side frame 1132, a third side frame 1133 and a fourth side frame 1134, the first side frame 1131 and the second side frame 1132 are oppositely arranged at two sides of the bottom plate 1135 in the width direction, and the third side frame 1133 and the fourth side frame 1134 are oppositely arranged at two sides of the bottom plate 1135 in the length direction.
Preferably, the first side frame 1131, the second side frame 1132 and the bottom plate 1135 are integrally formed, the third side frame 1133 and the fourth side frame 1134 are respectively welded at two ends of the integrally formed structure, and the integrally formed structure is hermetically connected with the first side plate 111 and the second side plate 112 by gluing.
Preferably, the first side plate 111, the second side plate 112 and the bottom frame 113 are all provided with grooves at the connection positions thereof, and are matched in a mutually inlaid mode, and are fixed in a gluing and bolting mode.
The plurality of branch flow passages d include a plurality of first branch flow passages d1 provided in the first side plate 111 and a plurality of second branch flow passages d2 provided in the second side plate 112, the side flow passage a includes a first side flow passage a1 and a second side flow passage a2, the first side flow passage a1 is formed between one side surface in the width direction of the battery cell 2 and an inner wall of the first side frame 1131 of the bottom frame 113, and the second side flow passage a2 is formed between the other side surface in the width direction of the battery cell 2 and an inner wall of the second side frame 1132 of the bottom frame 113; the pipeline includes first pipeline 13, second pipeline 14 and feed liquor pipeline 15, first pipeline 13 is connected in the topside of first curb plate 111, second pipeline 14 is connected in the topside of second curb plate 112, the feed liquor device is connected to the feed liquor mouth of feed liquor pipeline 15, two liquid outlets of feed liquor pipeline 15 are connected respectively the feed liquor mouth of first pipeline 13 and the feed liquor mouth of second pipeline 14, the bottom of first pipeline 13 is provided with the first liquid outlet (the hole that communicates with the upper end of corresponding first branch runner d1 only) or the first drain groove (the through groove that communicates with the upper end of all first branch runner d1 that extends along whole length direction) that communicate with the upper end of a plurality of second branch runner d2, the bottom of second pipeline 14 is provided with the second liquid outlet (the hole that communicates with the upper end of corresponding second branch runner d2 only) or the second drain groove (the through groove that extends along whole length direction and communicates with all second branch runner d 2).
The upper opening of the first branch flow passage d1 is communicated with the first pipeline 13, the lower opening of the first branch flow passage d1 is communicated with the upper end of the first side flow passage a1, the lower end of the first side flow passage a1 is communicated with one end of the first side bottom flow passage b1, and the other end of the first side bottom flow passage b1 is communicated with the converging passage t; the upper opening of the second branch flow passage d2 is communicated with the second pipeline 14, the lower opening of the second branch flow passage d2 is communicated with the upper end of the second side flow passage a2, the lower end of the second side flow passage a2 is communicated with one end of the second side bottom flow passage b2, and the other end of the second side bottom flow passage b2 is communicated with the converging passage t.
The fluoridized liquid flows through the cavity of the pipeline, the branch flow passage d, the side flow passage a and the bottom flow passage b in sequence, then reaches the converging passage t, and finally flows out of the battery module through the cooling medium outlet 12. Specifically, one path of fluoride liquid entering the pipeline flows into the converging channel t through the cavity of the first pipeline 13, the first branch channel d1, the first side channel a1 and the first side bottom channel b 1; the other path of the fluorinated liquid entering the pipe flows into the converging passage t through the cavity of the second pipe 14, the second branching passage d2, the second side passage a2, and the second side bottom passage b 2. The two fluoride solutions flow out of the battery module through the cooling medium outlet 12 after being collected in the collecting channel t.
The first pipe 13 is fixed to the first side plate 111 by welding, and the second pipe 14 is fixed to the second side plate 112 by welding.
Preferably, the flow directions of the first branch flow channel d1 and the second branch flow channel d2 are vertical downward.
The battery cell 2 is formed by stacking a plurality of unit cells 21 along the length direction of the bottom frame 113, the wall surface of the first side plate 111 located inside the first branch flow channel d1 is in sealing and heat conducting contact with one side surface of the battery cell 2 in the width direction, and the wall surface of the second side plate 112 located inside the second branch flow channel d2 is in sealing and heat conducting contact with the other side surface of the battery cell 2 in the width direction, so that the bottom flow channel b, the first side flow channel a1 and the second side flow channel a2 form a closed space SP capable of flowing and storing a cooling medium. The enclosed space SP surrounds the bottom of the cell 2.
The bus duct t extends along the length direction of the bottom frame 113, and is positioned at a middle position in the width direction of the bottom frame 113; the number of the first branch flow passages d1 and the second branch flow passages d2 is identical to the number of the single batteries 21; each of the first branch flow passages d1 corresponds to one side surface of the unit cell 21 in the width direction, and each of the second branch flow passages d2 corresponds to the other side surface of the unit cell 21 in the width direction. So as to realize the one-to-one correspondence between the branch flow passages d and the single batteries, so that each single battery 21 can be uniformly cooled, and the temperature uniformity of each part of the battery cell 2 is realized.
However, in other embodiments, the number of the first branch flow channels d1 and the second branch flow channels d2 may not be identical to the number of the unit cells 21. For example, when the thickness (the dimension in the stacking direction) of the unit cells 21 is large, one unit cell 21 may correspond to the plurality of first branch flow passages d1 and the plurality of second branch flow passages d2. For another example, when the thickness (the dimension in the stacking direction) of the unit cells 21 is small, a plurality of unit cells 21 may correspond to one first branch flow path d1 and one second branch flow path d2.
In the first embodiment, the battery module further includes a first end plate 16, a second end plate 17, and a structural member 18, wherein the first end plate 16 is connected to a first end of the module frame 1 in the length direction, and the second end plate 18 is connected to a second end of the module frame 1 in the length direction; the first end plate 16 presses one end face of the battery cell 2 in the length direction, and the second end plate 17 presses the other end face of the battery cell 2 in the length direction. The structural member is connected to the battery cell 2 for fixing and spacing the plurality of unit cells 21 from each other.
The battery module further comprises a first elastic spacer 19a and a second elastic spacer 19b, wherein the first elastic spacer 19a is attached to one end face of the battery cell 2 in the length direction, the first end plate 16 is pressed against the first elastic spacer 19a, the second elastic spacer 19b is attached to the other end face of the battery cell 2 in the length direction, and the second end plate 17 is pressed against the second elastic spacer 19b.
In the first embodiment, the structural member is a fin structural member 18a, and the fin structural member 18a includes a first vertical fin 181a and a second vertical fin 182a, where the first vertical fin 181a is fixed on the first side plate 111 and inserted into a first side portion of a gap between two adjacent unit cells 21, and the second vertical fin 182a is fixed on the second side plate 112 and inserted into a second side portion of a gap between two adjacent unit cells 21. The battery module further includes a rubber member 19c, the rubber member 19c includes a rubber member base 191c extending along a length direction of the bus duct t and a plurality of rubber spacers 192c provided on the rubber member base 191c at intervals along the length direction of the bus duct t, and the rubber spacers 192c are inserted into lower portions of gaps between two adjacent unit batteries 21.
The first vertical fins 181a provided on the first side plate 111 increase the fixing area of the first side plate 111 and the battery cell 2, and the second vertical fins 182a provided on the second side plate 112 increase the fixing area of the second side plate 112 and the battery cell 2. Because of the self-characteristics of the battery cell 2, certain bulge can be generated in the later period of life, and the bulge amplitude needs to be controlled to prevent the battery cell from failing. The first vertical fin 181a on the first side plate 111 and the second vertical fin 182a on the second side plate 112 play a role in fixing the position of the battery cell 2, and meanwhile, space is reserved for normal expansion of the battery cell 2 in the later stage by spacing the plurality of unit cells 21.
The first side plate 111 and the first vertical fin 181a may be integrally formed by an extrusion process, and the second side plate 112 and the second vertical fin 182a may be integrally formed by an extrusion process, which is simple and easy to implement.
The first side plate 111 adopts sticky mode fixed connection with electric core 2, and first vertical fin 181a has increased electric core 2 and the fixed area of contact of first side plate 111, has also increased the heat transfer area of electric core 2 and first side plate 111, helps improving heat exchange efficiency. The second side plate 112 is fixedly connected with the battery cell 2 in an adhesive manner, the contact area between the battery cell 2 and the second side plate 112 is increased by the second vertical fins 182a, the heat exchange area between the battery cell 2 and the second side plate 112 is also increased, and the heat exchange efficiency is improved.
The first vertical fins 181a and the second vertical fins 182a are also used for isolating adjacent single batteries 21, so that a space is reserved for the later-stage normal expansion of the battery cell 2. Preferably, the first vertical fin 181a on the first side plate 111 is wedge-shaped (narrower toward one end of the battery cell 2), and the second vertical fin 182a on the second side plate 112 is rectangular for the purpose of easy assembly.
The top of the first side frame 1131 of the bottom frame 113 is bent outwards to form a first pull plate 1136, a second pull plate 1111 extending outwards is disposed on the outer side of the first side plate 111, the second pull plate 1111 and the first pull plate 1136 are fixed in an up-down fitting manner, and the lower side of the first side plate 111 is inserted into the bottom frame 113, that is, the lower side of the first side plate 111 overlaps the upper side portion of the first side frame 1131 of the bottom frame 113. The first side frame 1131 is provided with a first slope xp1 which is inclined inwards and downwards at a lower position of the lower edge of the first side plate 111, and the purpose of the first slope xp1 is to change the flow direction of the fluorinated liquid, so that the fluorinated liquid is fully contacted with the battery core 2, and heat exchange is enhanced.
The upper side of the first slope xp1 is provided with a limiting groove N1 and a limiting protrusion N2, the lower side of the first side plate 111 is provided with a limiting groove F1 and a limiting protrusion F2, the limiting groove F1 of the first side plate 111 is matched with the limiting protrusion N2 of the bottom frame 113, and the limiting protrusion F2 of the first side plate 111 is matched with the limiting groove N1 of the bottom frame 113.
The top of the second side frame 1132 of the bottom frame 113 is bent outwards to form a third pull plate 1137, a fourth pull plate 1121 extending outwards is arranged on the outer side of the second side plate 112, the fourth pull plate 1121 and the third pull plate 1137 are attached and fixed up and down, and the lower side of the second side plate 112 is inserted into the bottom frame 113. That is, the lower side of the second side plate 112 overlaps with the upper side portion of the second side frame 1132 of the bottom frame 113. The second side frame 1132 is provided with a second slope xp2 inclined inwards and downwards at a lower position of the lower edge of the second side plate 112, and the purpose of the second slope xp2 is to change the flow direction of the fluorinated liquid, so that the fluorinated liquid is fully contacted with the battery cell 2, and heat exchange is enhanced.
Similarly, a limiting groove M1 and a limiting protrusion M2 are disposed on the upper side of the second slope xp2, a limiting groove K1 and a limiting protrusion K2 are disposed on the lower side of the second side plate 112, the limiting groove K1 of the second side plate 112 is mounted in cooperation with the limiting protrusion M2 of the bottom frame 113, and the limiting protrusion K2 of the second side plate 112 is mounted in cooperation with the limiting groove M1 of the bottom frame 113.
The holes O on the first pull plate 1136 and the third pull plate 1137 are bolting holes for assembling the battery module and the battery pack frame or the transverse and longitudinal beams.
The second tie plate 1111 is provided with hole sites H for bolting with the battery pack frame or the lateral stringers. The fourth pulling plate 1121 is provided with hole sites L for bolting to the battery pack frame or the lateral beam.
Referring to fig. 21, the assembly process of the battery module of the first embodiment is as follows:
the battery cell 2 is assembled with the second side plate 112 (the second vertical fins 182a on the second side plate 112 are rectangular fins) and the rubber piece 19c is assembled, and the above assemblies are all fixed by adopting an adhesive mode. The rubber member 19c has a function of isolating adjacent unit cells 21 of the battery cell 2 in addition to the closed space SP in which the fluorinated liquid flows and is stored, which is formed with the battery cell 2, the first elastic spacer 19a, the second elastic spacer 19b, the first side plate 111, the second side plate 112, and the bottom frame 113. Then, the first side plate 111 is assembled with the battery cell 2 (the first vertical fin 181a on the first side plate 111 is a wedge-shaped fin). Then, the first elastic spacer 19a, the second elastic spacer 19b, the first end plate 16 and the second end plate 17 are assembled, the two elastic spacers and the end face of the battery cell 2 are fixed in an adhesive mode, the first end plate 16 is fixedly connected between one ends of the first side plate 111 and the second side plate 112 in a bolt connection mode, and the second end plate 17 is fixedly connected between the other ends of the first side plate 111 and the second side plate 112 in a bolt connection mode. Finally, it is assembled with the bottom frame 113 by means of gluing. Two liquid outlets of the liquid inlet pipeline 15 are respectively connected with the liquid inlet of the first pipeline 13 and the liquid inlet of the second pipeline 14.
According to the battery module and the battery pack, compared with a conventional liquid cooling battery pack, the battery module integrates part of a loop of a battery pack cooling system on a module frame of the battery module, has simpler process and structure, reduces cooling plates (heat exchangers) and auxiliary structures thereof, and has lighter weight.
The branch flow passage indirectly cools the battery cell through the frame body, and the immersion cooling (direct cooling) of the battery cell can be realized by the cooling liquid filled in the space formed by combining the side flow passage formed by the two side surfaces of the battery cell in the width direction opposite to the side inner wall of the frame body at intervals and the bottom flow passage formed by the bottom surface of the battery cell opposite to the bottom inner wall of the frame body at intervals. Therefore, through direct cooling and indirect cooling, the cooling area of the battery cell is large, the cooling efficiency is high, and the temperature of the battery cell can be more uniform.
Compared with the battery pack using the fluoride liquid in the prior art, the battery module provided by the application has the advantages that the cooling flow channel is integrated on the module frame, the heat exchange area is increased, the cooling medium (such as the fluoride liquid) can directly cool the battery cell, other cooling mediums and structures are not needed, the heat exchange times are reduced, and the heat exchange efficiency is improved.
The battery module of the application can use fluoridized liquid (or other non-conductive nonflammable liquid) as the cooling medium of the system. The fluoridized liquid has the property of insulation and incombustibility, can be directly contacted with the battery cell, reduces the heat exchange times, and improves the heat exchange efficiency. The bottom of electric core is soaked in the fluoridized liquid, if the temperature of single battery cell is too high, can be very fast through module frame and fluoridized liquid with the heat dispersion, reduce electric core thermal runaway's risk.
The battery module is placed in the battery pack, cannot be in direct contact with the external environment, and is small in cold energy loss. The cooling medium (such as fluoride liquid) in the battery module is isolated from the environment in the battery pack, and the battery pack can still use the air-permeable valve to balance the air pressure inside and outside the battery pack, so that the energy consumption and the safety risk are reduced. The battery module is used as a cooling unit, the cooling structure does not depend on a battery pack shell or a tray, the maintenance is convenient, the flexibility is good, the replaceability is strong, and the application range is wide.
Second embodiment
Referring to fig. 22 and 23, a battery module according to a second embodiment of the present application is different from the first embodiment in that the structural members include an upper structural member 181b and a lower structural member 182b, the upper structural member 181b is connected to the top of the battery cell 2, and the lower structural member 182b is connected to the bottom of the battery cell 2.
The upper structural member 181b includes a plurality of upper spacers 1811b, each of the upper spacers 1811b being inserted into an upper portion of a gap between two adjacent unit cells 21; the lower structural member 182b includes a plurality of lower spacers 1821b, and each of the lower spacers 1821b is inserted into a lower portion of a gap between two adjacent unit cells 21. The upper spacer 1811b is a wedge-shaped spacer with a wide upper part and a narrow lower part, and the lower spacer 1821b is a rectangular spacer.
Compared with the first embodiment, the fins and rubber pieces 19c on the two side plates are reduced, and the upper structural member 181b and the lower structural member 182b are added. The first side plate 111 and the second side plate 112 have simple structures, and the battery cell 2 is more convenient and quick to install. The structural member 18b, the first side plate 111, the second side plate 112, and the bottom frame 113 constitute a sealed space in which the fluorinated liquid flows and is stored. The structural member 18b is used for isolating the adjacent single cells 21 of the battery cell 2 at the same time, and reserving space for the later-stage normal expansion of the battery cell 2.
In addition, the embodiment of the application also provides a battery pack which comprises the battery module.
In addition, the embodiment of the application also provides a vehicle, which comprises the battery module of the embodiment.
The foregoing description of the preferred embodiments of the application is not intended to be limiting, but rather is intended to cover all modifications, equivalents, and alternatives falling within the spirit and principles of the application.
Claims (13)
1. The battery module is characterized by comprising a module frame and an electric core fixed in the module frame, wherein the module frame comprises a frame body and a pipeline;
the battery cell comprises a frame body, wherein a plurality of branch flow channels are arranged on the frame body, the bottom surface of a battery cell is opposite to the inner wall of the bottom of the frame body at intervals to form a bottom flow channel therebetween, two lateral sides of the battery cell in the width direction are opposite to the inner wall of the lateral side of the frame body at intervals to form a lateral flow channel therebetween, an upper opening of the branch flow channel is communicated with a pipeline, a lower opening of the branch flow channel is communicated with the upper end of the lateral flow channel, the lower end of the lateral flow channel is communicated with the bottom flow channel, the lateral flow channel and the bottom flow channel form a closed space capable of flowing and storing cooling medium, the cooling medium flows into the closed space through the pipeline and the branch flow channel, and the bottom of the battery cell is immersed in the cooling medium in the closed space; the frame body is provided with a cooling medium outlet communicated with the bottom runner;
the wall surface of the frame body, which is positioned at the inner side of the branch flow passage, is in heat conduction contact with two side surfaces of the battery cell in the width direction;
the frame body comprises a first side plate, a second side plate and a bottom frame connected between the bottom side of the first side plate and the bottom side of the second side plate;
the bottom frame consists of a bottom plate and frames connected to the periphery of the bottom plate, wherein the frames comprise a first side frame, a second side frame, a third side frame and a fourth side frame, the first side frame and the second side frame are oppositely arranged at two sides of the bottom plate in the width direction, and the third side frame and the fourth side frame are oppositely arranged at two sides of the bottom plate in the length direction;
the first side plate, the second side plate and the bottom frame are provided with grooves at the connecting positions thereof and are matched in a mutually inlaid mode;
the top of the first side frame of the bottom frame is outwards bent to form a first pull plate, a second pull plate which stretches outwards is arranged on the outer side of the first side plate, the second pull plate and the first pull plate are fixedly attached up and down, and the lower side of the first side plate is inserted into the bottom frame.
2. The battery module of claim 1, wherein the bottom runner comprises a first side bottom runner, a second side bottom runner, and a converging runner connected between the first side bottom runner and the second side bottom runner, the converging runner being located at a lowest position of the bottom runner.
3. The battery module according to claim 2, wherein the bottom inner wall of the frame body includes a first inclined surface located below the first side bottom flow passage and a second inclined surface located below the second side bottom flow passage, and the first and second inclined surfaces gradually decrease in height in a direction approaching the flow converging passage.
4. The battery module according to claim 2, wherein the cooling medium outlet is provided outside the bottom frame and communicates with one end of the bus duct in the length direction, and the other end of the bus duct in the length direction is closed;
the plurality of branch flow passages comprise a plurality of first branch flow passages arranged in the first side plate and a plurality of second branch flow passages arranged in the second side plate, the side flow passages comprise a first side flow passage and a second side flow passage, the first side flow passage is formed between one side surface of the battery cell in the width direction and the inner wall of the first side frame of the bottom frame, and the second side flow passage is formed between the other side surface of the battery cell in the width direction and the inner wall of the second side frame of the bottom frame; the pipeline comprises a first pipeline, a second pipeline and a liquid inlet pipeline, wherein the first pipeline is connected to the top side of the first side plate, the second pipeline is connected to the top side of the second side plate, the liquid inlet of the liquid inlet pipeline is connected with a cooling liquid supply device, the two liquid outlets of the liquid inlet pipeline are respectively connected with the liquid inlet of the first pipeline and the liquid inlet of the second pipeline, the bottom of the first pipeline is provided with a first liquid outlet or a first liquid outlet groove communicated with the upper ends of a plurality of first branch flow channels, and the bottom of the second pipeline is provided with a second liquid outlet or a second liquid outlet groove communicated with the upper ends of a plurality of second branch flow channels;
the upper opening of the first branch flow passage is communicated with the first pipeline, the lower opening of the first branch flow passage is communicated with the upper end of the first side flow passage, the lower end of the first side flow passage is communicated with one end of the first side bottom flow passage, and the other end of the first side bottom flow passage is communicated with the confluence passage; the upper opening of the second branch flow passage is communicated with the second pipeline, the lower opening of the second branch flow passage is communicated with the upper end of the second side flow passage, the lower end of the second side flow passage is communicated with one end of the second side bottom flow passage, and the other end of the second side bottom flow passage is communicated with the confluence passage.
5. The battery module according to claim 4, wherein the battery cell is formed by stacking a plurality of unit cells along the length direction of the bottom frame, the wall surface of the first side plate positioned inside the first branch flow passage is in sealing and heat conducting contact with one side surface of the battery cell in the width direction, and the wall surface of the second side plate positioned inside the second branch flow passage is in sealing and heat conducting contact with the other side surface of the battery cell in the width direction, so that the bottom flow passage, the first side flow passage and the second side flow passage form a closed space capable of flowing and storing a cooling medium.
6. The battery module according to claim 5, wherein the bus duct extends in a length direction of the bottom frame, the bus duct being located at an intermediate position in a width direction of the bottom frame; the number of the first branch flow passages and the second branch flow passages is consistent with that of the single batteries; each first branch runner corresponds to one side face of the single battery in the width direction, and each second branch runner corresponds to the other side face of the single battery in the width direction.
7. The battery module of claim 4, further comprising a first end plate connected to a first end of the module frame in a length direction, a second end plate connected to a second end of the module frame in a length direction, and a structural member; the first end plate presses one end face of the battery cell in the length direction, and the second end plate presses the other end face of the battery cell in the length direction;
the structural member is connected to the battery cell and used for fixing and mutually spacing a plurality of single batteries.
8. The battery module of claim 7, further comprising a first elastic spacer attached to one end surface of the cell in the longitudinal direction, the first end plate pressing the first elastic spacer, and a second elastic spacer attached to the other end surface of the cell in the longitudinal direction, the second end plate pressing the second elastic spacer.
9. The battery module of claim 7, wherein the structural member is a fin structural member comprising a first vertical fin fixed to the first side plate and inserted into a first side of a gap between two adjacent cells, and a second vertical fin fixed to the second side plate and inserted into a second side of a gap between two adjacent cells;
the battery module further comprises a rubber piece, wherein the rubber piece comprises a rubber piece base body extending along the length direction of the flow converging channel and a plurality of rubber spacers arranged on the rubber piece base body at intervals along the length direction of the flow converging channel, and the rubber spacers are inserted into the lower parts of gaps between two adjacent single batteries.
10. The battery module according to claim 4, wherein the top of the second side frame of the bottom frame is bent outwards to form a third pull plate, a fourth pull plate which extends outwards is arranged on the outer side of the second side plate, the fourth pull plate and the third pull plate are attached and fixed up and down, and the lower side of the second side plate is inserted into the bottom frame.
11. The battery module of claim 9, wherein the structural members comprise an upper structural member and a lower structural member, the upper structural member being connected to the top of the cell, the lower structural member being connected to the bottom of the cell;
the upper structural member comprises a plurality of upper spacers, and each upper spacer is inserted into the upper part of the gap between two adjacent single batteries; the lower structural member comprises a plurality of lower spacers, and each lower spacer is inserted into the lower part of the gap between two adjacent single batteries;
the upper spacer is a wedge spacer with a wide upper part and a narrow lower part, and the lower spacer is a rectangular spacer.
12. A battery pack comprising the battery module according to any one of claims 1 to 11.
13. A vehicle comprising the battery module according to any one of claims 1 to 11.
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