CN113937252A - Laser-assisted construction method for anode interface layer - Google Patents
Laser-assisted construction method for anode interface layer Download PDFInfo
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- CN113937252A CN113937252A CN202111181827.3A CN202111181827A CN113937252A CN 113937252 A CN113937252 A CN 113937252A CN 202111181827 A CN202111181827 A CN 202111181827A CN 113937252 A CN113937252 A CN 113937252A
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- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
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- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/352—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring for surface treatment
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- H01M2004/026—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material characterised by the polarity
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Abstract
The invention relates to a laser-assisted anode interface layer construction method, which decomposes a specific precursor solution on the surface of an electrode through pulse laser irradiation, deposits the specific precursor solution on the surface of the electrode, inhibits the decomposition of electrolyte and interface side reaction and improves the circulation stability. The method is characterized in that the additive in the precursor solution is induced to decompose on the surface of the anode by the pulse laser to realize the construction of the anode protective layer. The power of the pulse laser is 20-200mJ cm‑2The dosage of the precursor solution is 20 mu L-1mL cm corresponding to the electrode area‑2Laser wavelength of 1064cm‑1. The laser heating locality can enable the additive with better thermal stability to be decomposed on the surface of the pole piece without damaging the electrode structure, and the counter electrode is realizedProtection of (3). The method for constructing the anode protective layer can be used for large-scale production, and is simple to operate and low in cost.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of lithium ion battery preparation, and relates to a laser-assisted construction method of an anode interface layer.
Background
With the rapid development of electric vehicles, insufficient endurance mileage gradually becomes an important factor that restricts the popularization of pure electric vehicles to the public. The energy density of the power battery is the key point directly influencing the endurance mileage of the electric automobile. In the current positive electrode material system of the power battery, the use of a high-voltage positive electrode to improve the energy density is gradually becoming a development trend of the industry. For example, the upper charge limit voltage of ternary materials in half-cells is typically 4.3V, and some materials charge up to voltages even as high as 4.5V, which is beyond the range of applications for conventional formulated electrolytes. Thus, the application of high voltage anodes places higher demands on the oxidation resistance of the electrolyte system.
In order to reduce side reactions between the high-voltage positive electrode and the electrolyte and improve cycle stability, it is an effective strategy to form an interface layer between the positive electrode and the electrolyte. For example, Lim et al propose that the cycling stability and reversible capacity of the material can be improved and the irreversible side reactions can be reduced by uniformly coating an amorphous Li-Zr-O protective layer on the surface of the high-nickel ternary positive electrode particles through a liquid-phase chemical reaction. (Lim, Y.J.et al.Electrochimica Acta 282, 311-316 (2018)) but the traditional solid-phase or liquid-phase coating method needs a high-temperature heating process, and has long time consumption and large energy consumption.
It is also considered by researchers that side reactions between the positive electrode and the electrolyte occur not only on the surface of the active material but also on the entire surface of the positive electrode sheet. However, the conventional positive electrode coating method is only applicable to active materials and is difficult to apply to the pole piece due to the thermal stability of the pole piece. Gas phase reaction processes, such as atomic layer deposition, can achieve uniform coating of the entire electrode surface, (Liang, j.et al. nano Energy 78,105107(2020)), but are costly and not suitable for large-scale commercial applications.
In this regard, we propose a simple laser-induced film-forming strategy. The high-energy pulse laser is used for directionally inducing specific precursor components to be decomposed on the surface of the electrode, and a protective layer can be formed in a few minutes, so that the oxidation reaction of an electrolyte system under high voltage is reduced, and the energy density and the cycle stability of an energy storage system are improved. The method is simple and easy to use, has wide application range and adjustable components, and has commercial prospect.
Disclosure of Invention
Technical problem to be solved
In order to avoid the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a laser-assisted anode interface layer construction method, which is characterized in that a precursor solution containing an additive is irradiated by pulse laser to decompose the precursor solution on the surface of an electrode to form a protective layer.
An object of the present invention is to provide a method for constructing a positive electrode interface layer, which can effectively improve the cycle performance of a high-voltage battery and suppress the self-discharge phenomenon;
the second purpose of the invention is to provide a method for constructing an interface layer of a positive pole piece, which is simple to operate, low in cost and easy to realize industrialization.
Technical scheme
A laser-assisted construction method of a positive interface layer is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1: preparing a precursor solution, wherein the volume ratio of the additive to the solvent DEC is 2-30%;
step 2: dropwise adding a precursor solution to the positive pole piece;
and step 3: irradiating the pole piece with pulsed laser with laser power of 20-200mJ cm-2The frequency is 20-100 HZ;
and 4, step 4: using diethyl carbonate DEC to clean a precursor solution remained on the pole piece;
and 5: and (4) drying the pole piece obtained in the step (4) in vacuum at the temperature of 60-120 ℃ to complete the construction of the laser-assisted positive interface layer, so that a protective layer is formed on the surface of the electrode.
The additive classes include, but are not limited to, tris (trimethylsilane) phosphate or tris (trimethylsilane) borate.
Step 2, dripping precursor solution into the positive pole piece, wherein the dosage of the precursor solution corresponds to the area of the electrode and is 20 mu L-1mL cm-2。
And in the step 3, the irradiation time of irradiating the pole piece by adopting the pulse laser is 2-10 minutes.
The laser wavelength of the step 3 is 1064cm-1。
Advantageous effects
The invention provides a laser-assisted positive interface layer construction methodThrough pulse laser irradiation, the specific precursor solution is decomposed on the surface of the electrode and deposited on the surface of the electrode, so that the decomposition of electrolyte and interface side reaction are inhibited, and the circulation stability is improved. The method is characterized in that the additive in the precursor solution is induced to decompose on the surface of the anode by the pulse laser to realize the construction of the anode protective layer. The power of the pulse laser is 20-200mJ cm-2The dosage of the precursor solution is 20 mu L-1mL cm corresponding to the electrode area-2Laser wavelength of 1064cm-1. The laser heating locality can enable the additive with good thermal stability to be decomposed on the surface of the pole piece without damaging the electrode structure, and the electrode is protected. The method for constructing the anode protective layer can be used for large-scale production, and is simple to operate and low in cost.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the interface layer constructing method provided by the invention has high processing speed. The high-energy pulse laser can decompose the precursor only in a few minutes, so that a complex high-temperature heating process is avoided, and the time cost and the energy consumption in the production process of the battery are reduced;
2. the method can realize coating on the whole electrode surface, and can simultaneously avoid interface side reaction caused by active substances and conductive additives;
3. the interface layer construction method provided by the invention can realize accurate regulation and control of the components of the interface protection layer by adjusting the components of the precursor;
4. through contrast optimization, the phosphorus-rich protective layer converted from the tris (trimethylsilane) phosphate can effectively improve the structural stability of the high-voltage anode in the circulating process, inhibit the oxidation of electrolyte and effectively avoid the self-discharge phenomenon of the battery at high temperature. The open circuit voltage of the modified positive electrode after charging to 4.3V and standing at 55 ℃ for 5 days was 4.14V, while the open circuit voltage of the unmodified positive electrode was attenuated to 4.03V. The capacity retention rate of the half cell at 200 circles is improved from 12.8% to 69.5%.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a flow chart of a method for constructing an anode interface layer according to an embodiment of the present invention, in which a certain amount of precursor solution is dropped on the surface of a prepared electrode sheet, and then the electrode sheet with a surface covered with a coating layer is obtained after short-time high-energy pulse laser irradiation, washing and drying;
FIG. 2 is a graph showing the results of the surface morphology and element distribution test of the modified anode provided in example 1 of the present invention, illustrating the uniform distribution of the coating layer over the entire electrode surface;
fig. 3 is a transmission electron microscope image of the modified anode and the corresponding element distribution result provided in example 1 of the present invention, which shows that the present invention realizes a nano-scale anode protective layer.
Fig. 4 shows the self-discharge test result of the modified positive electrode provided in example 1 of the present invention, where the modified electrode shows better voltage-holding capability at high temperature, which illustrates that the protective layer constructed by the present invention inhibits the oxidation reaction of the electrolyte at high voltage and high temperature;
fig. 5 is a cycle performance curve diagram of a lithium battery prepared by using the modified positive electrode provided in embodiment 1 of the present invention, in which the coulombic efficiency approaches 100% during the cycle of the modified positive electrode as the positive electrode, the specific capacities of charge and discharge are both around 200mAh/g, and the capacity decays to around 69.5% after 200 cycles of charge and discharge.
Detailed Description
The invention will now be further described with reference to the following examples and drawings:
the construction method of the anode interface layer adopted by the invention can effectively improve the cycle performance of the high-voltage battery and inhibit the self-discharge phenomenon; a flow chart as shown in fig. 1.
Example 1
Step 1, preparing a precursor solution, wherein the volume ratio of tris (trimethylsilane) phosphate to a solvent DEC is 10%;
step 2, dripping 40 mu L cm of precursor solution into the positive pole piece-2；
Step 3, irradiating the pole piece by pulse laser with the laser power of 40mJ cm-2The frequency is 50HZ, and the irradiation time is 4 minutes;
step 4, washing a precursor solution remained on the pole piece by using diethyl carbonate (DEC);
step 5, drying the pole piece obtained in the step 4 in vacuum at the temperature of 60 ℃;
and (3) testing the charge and discharge performance:
the positive plate obtained in example 1 of the present invention was placed in a glove box filled with high purity argon gas, and the water and oxygen concentrations were less than 0.1ppm, and a metal lithium plate was used as the negative electrode, and a 2016 coin cell was assembled in the order of assembly of the negative electrode case, the lithium plate, the electrolyte, the positive plate, the steel sheet, the spring sheet, and the positive electrode case. After being left for 12h, the charging limit voltage of the battery is 4.3V and the discharging end voltage is 3V in the constant current mode. And the charging and discharging performance test is carried out at the charging current of 0.2C. The test results are shown in fig. 4, and it can be seen that: the coulombic efficiency of the modified anode is close to 100 percent in the circulation process of the anode, the specific capacity of charge and discharge is about 200mAh/g, and the specific capacity of charge and discharge is reduced to about 69.5 percent after the charge and discharge are circulated for 200 times.
High-temperature self-discharge performance test:
and (3) putting the button cell assembled according to the steps into a thermostat with the temperature of 55 ℃, charging and discharging for three times at a constant current of 0.1 ℃, then charging to 4.3V at 0.1 ℃, setting a cell channel to be in a resting state, and detecting the change of open-circuit voltage. It can be seen that the voltage of the modified anode does not drop obviously after 5 days, and the modified anode shows better self-discharge inhibition capability.
Therefore, the lithium battery with the modified anode prepared by the technical scheme of the invention has the advantages of high capacity, good cycling stability, small self-discharge and the like on the electrical property.
Example 2
Step 1, preparing a precursor solution, wherein the volume ratio of tris (trimethylsilane) phosphate to a solvent DEC is 20%;
step 2, dripping 1mL cm of precursor solution into the positive pole piece-2；
Step 3, irradiating the pole piece by pulse laser with the laser power of 50mJ cm-2The frequency is 60HZ, and the irradiation time is 10 minutes;
step 4, washing a precursor solution remained on the pole piece by using diethyl carbonate (DEC);
step 5, drying the pole piece obtained in the step 4 in vacuum at 70 ℃;
example 3
Step 1, preparing a precursor solution, wherein the volume ratio of the tris (trimethylsilane) borate to a solvent DEC is 2%;
step 2, dripping 20 mu L cm of precursor solution into the positive pole piece-2；
Step 3, irradiating the pole piece by pulse laser with the laser power of 200mJ cm-2The frequency is 20HZ, and the irradiation time is 2 minutes;
step 4, washing a precursor solution remained on the pole piece by using diethyl carbonate (DEC);
step 5, drying the pole piece obtained in the step 4 in vacuum at 120 ℃;
example 4
Step 1, preparing a precursor solution, wherein the volume ratio of tris (trimethylsilane) phosphate to a solvent DEC is 30%;
step 2, dripping 20 mu L-1mL cm of precursor solution into the positive pole piece-2；
Step 3, irradiating the pole piece by pulse laser with the laser power of 20mJ cm-2The frequency is 100HZ, and the irradiation time is 10 minutes;
step 4, washing a precursor solution remained on the pole piece by using diethyl carbonate (DEC);
step 5, drying the pole piece obtained in the step 4 in vacuum at 70 ℃;
example 5
Step 1, preparing a precursor solution, wherein the volume ratio of the tris (trimethylsilane) borate to a solvent DEC is 10%;
step 2, dripping 200 mu L cm of precursor solution into the positive pole piece-2；
Step 3, irradiating the pole piece by pulse laser with the laser power of 60mJ cm-2The frequency is 50HZ, and the irradiation time is 7 minutes;
step 4, washing a precursor solution remained on the pole piece by using diethyl carbonate (DEC);
step 5, drying the pole piece obtained in the step 4 in vacuum at 120 ℃;
the interface layer constructing method of the present invention coats the interface layer with adjustable component structure on the whole electrode surface, thereby effectively improving the structural stability of the high voltage positive electrode in the circulation process, inhibiting the oxidation of the electrolyte, and effectively avoiding the self-discharge phenomenon of the battery at high temperature.
Claims (5)
1. A laser-assisted construction method of a positive interface layer is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1: preparing a precursor solution, wherein the volume ratio of the additive to the solvent DEC is 2-30%;
step 2: dropwise adding a precursor solution to the positive pole piece;
and step 3: irradiating the pole piece with pulsed laser with laser power of 20-200mJ cm-2The frequency is 20-100 HZ;
and 4, step 4: using diethyl carbonate DEC to clean a precursor solution remained on the pole piece;
and 5: and (4) drying the pole piece obtained in the step (4) in vacuum at the temperature of 60-120 ℃ to complete the construction of the laser-assisted positive interface layer, so that a protective layer is formed on the surface of the electrode.
2. The method of forming a laser-assisted positive electrode interface layer according to claim 1, wherein: the additive classes include, but are not limited to, tris (trimethylsilane) phosphate or tris (trimethylsilane) borate.
3. The method of forming a laser-assisted positive electrode interface layer according to claim 1, wherein: step 2, dripping precursor solution into the positive pole piece, wherein the dosage of the precursor solution corresponds to the area of the electrode and is 20 mu L-1mL cm-2。
4. The method of forming a laser-assisted positive electrode interface layer according to claim 1, wherein: and in the step 3, the irradiation time of irradiating the pole piece by adopting the pulse laser is 2-10 minutes.
5. The method of forming a laser-assisted positive electrode interface layer according to claim 1 or 4, wherein: the laser wavelength of the step 3 is 1064cm-1。
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| CN115224238A (en) * | 2022-09-20 | 2022-10-21 | 河南锂动电源有限公司 | Lithium ion battery negative pole piece, manufacturing method thereof and laser carbonization device |
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