CN113935257B - Gas-liquid-solid three-phase flow simulation method - Google Patents

Gas-liquid-solid three-phase flow simulation method Download PDF

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CN113935257B
CN113935257B CN202111164848.4A CN202111164848A CN113935257B CN 113935257 B CN113935257 B CN 113935257B CN 202111164848 A CN202111164848 A CN 202111164848A CN 113935257 B CN113935257 B CN 113935257B
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姚静
李曼迪
孔德才
刘翔宇
郭琪
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Yanshan University
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Abstract

The invention relates to a gas-liquid-solid three-phase flow simulation method for truly simulating the movement track and the deposition position of solid particles in a hydraulic oil tank. The gas-liquid-solid three-phase flow simulation method comprises the following steps: setting simulation parameters of liquid phase and gas phase in FLEUNT, and performing gas-liquid two-phase steady-state simulation; setting solid phase simulation parameters in the EDEM; the gas-liquid two-phase simulation data are kept unchanged, the simulation mode is switched into a transient state, and the CFD-DEM coupling interface is accessed. And then, connecting FLUENT and EDEM through a coupling interface to perform gas-liquid-solid three-phase flow simulation until the simulation is completely stable, and ending the simulation. The invention has the advantages of simple parameter setting, high accuracy, visual and understandable simulation result, short simulation period, high efficiency, wide application range, strong universality and the like.

Description

Gas-liquid-solid three-phase flow simulation method
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of hydraulic simulation, and particularly relates to a gas-liquid-solid three-phase flow simulation method.
Background
With the development of computer technology, computational fluid dynamics (Computational Fluid Dynamics, CFD) is widely used for fluid movement studies. Parameters such as speed, temperature, pressure and the like of the flow field can be effectively analyzed through CFD simulation, and the method has important guiding significance for design and optimization of a flow field structure.
When oil in the hydraulic system enters the hydraulic oil tank, solid impurities and bubbles are often mixed to form multiphase flow. In order to study multiphase flow in hydraulic tanks, simulation calculations are often required.
The simulation methods for analyzing multiphase flow at present mainly comprise Euler-Euler method and Euler-Lagrange method. The euler-euler method focuses on a certain spatial point in the flow field, and considers a study object as a continuous phase to study the motion condition of fluid particles passing through the spatial point. The Euler-Lagrangian method focuses on the motion of fluid particles, treats the subject as a discrete phase, tracks each particle, and observes and analyzes the motion history of each discrete particle. Wherein the Euler-Lagrangian method includes a discrete particle method (Discrete Particles Method, DPM) and a discrete element method (Discrete Element Method, DEM).
However, most of the existing multiphase flow simulation methods only perform gas-liquid two-phase flow or solid-liquid two-phase flow calculation, and gas-liquid-solid three-phase flow is not considered at the same time, so that the simulation results are different from the actual situation in the hydraulic oil tank, and only have certain reference value.
In addition, the solid particles mixed with the oil in the oil tank often contain metal particles and nonmetal particles, the particles are different in size and irregular in shape, the condition of stressing the solid particles in the oil is very complex, and the solid particles can be stressed by the buoyancy, drag force, pressure gradient force and other forces of the oil liquid on the particles, contact force among the particles and wall surfaces and the like. The existing three-phase flow simulation method is to simulate by utilizing a two-phase flow model and a Discrete Particle Model (DPM) in CFD simulation software FLUENT, and the simulation method cannot fully consider the shape and the size of particles in practice and the stress condition, and simulate the particles as regular spheres, and can set shape coefficients according to a mathematical method, but cannot be close to the shape and the size of the actual particles. And the DPM model only considers the force of oil liquid on solid particles, ignores the contact force between particles and the wall surface, and is not in good agreement with the practice. In addition, from the simulation result, the method only can approximately simulate the movement track of the particles in the hydraulic oil tank, and the final deposition position of the particles cannot be accurately displayed and predicted.
Therefore, the existing multiphase flow simulation method cannot truly simulate the actual movement condition of particles in the hydraulic oil tank. How to take into consideration the influence among gas phase, particles and constraints in multiphase flow simulation and to simulate the movement track and deposition position of particles as accurately as possible is a problem to be solved in multiphase flow simulation.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the technical problems existing in the existing simulation method, the invention provides a gas-liquid-solid three-phase flow simulation method for truly simulating the movement condition of particles in a hydraulic oil tank. The simulation method is based on a CFD-DEM coupling method, fully considers the interaction between three phases of gas, liquid and solid, the actual shape and size of particles and the stress condition of the particles in a flow field, and can accurately and effectively predict the movement track and the deposition position of the solid particles in the hydraulic oil tank.
Specifically, the invention provides a gas-liquid-solid three-phase flow simulation method, which comprises the following steps:
step S1, setting simulation parameters of a liquid phase and a gas phase in simulation software FLEUNT, and performing gas-liquid two-phase steady-state simulation;
the gas-liquid two-phase steady-state simulation adopts an Euler-Euler method, the liquid phase and the gas phase are used as continuous phases for simulation, and the liquid phase and the gas phase simulation parameters are set in simulation software FLUENT;
setting the liquid-phase and gas-phase two-phase simulation as steady-state simulation, and carrying out step S2 after the liquid-phase and gas-phase two-phase simulation result enters a steady state;
s2, setting solid-phase simulation parameters in simulation software EDEM, keeping the gas-liquid two-phase simulation data unchanged, switching a simulation mode into transient simulation, and then accessing a CFD-DEM coupling interface;
the CFD-DEM coupling interface in the step S2 comprises two coupling interfaces, wherein the two coupling interfaces are respectively a multiphase flow-based coupling interface and a DPM-based coupling interface, the two coupling interfaces respectively comprise two calculation and setting methods according to the intensity of particles in liquid, and the two calculation and setting methods are respectively a calculation and setting method which needs to consider the volume fraction of the particles and a calculation and setting method which does not need to consider the volume fraction of the particles;
the volume fraction of particles is defined as follows:
Figure BDA0003291354170000031
wherein alpha is p And alpha l The volume fractions of the particles and the liquid are respectively, and when the volume fraction eta of the particles is more than 10%, the volume fraction of the particles is considered according to a simulation method; when the volume fraction eta of the particles is less than or equal to 10%, the corresponding simulation method does not need to consider the volume fraction of the particles;
step S3, connecting FLUENT and EDEM through a selected coupling interface, and performing gas-liquid-solid three-phase flow simulation until the simulation is completely steady;
in the step S3, the gas-liquid-solid three-phase simulation adopts an Euler-Lagrange method, the liquid phase and the gas phase are regarded as continuous phases for simulation, the solid particles are regarded as discrete phases for simulation, the solid simulation parameters are set in the EDEM, the solid particles comprise the forces exerted by the solid particles during simulation, and the stress model of the solid particles is as follows:
Figure BDA0003291354170000032
Figure BDA0003291354170000033
wherein m is p And I p The mass and inertial tensors of the particle, respectively; u (u) p And omega p The linear and angular velocities of the particles, respectively; f (F) f Acting force of fluid on particles; f (F) c The contact force to which the particles are subjected; t (T) c Is the contact torque to which the particles are subjected.
Preferably, if the volume fraction of particles is not considered, the coupling interface based on multiphase flow needs to open an Euler model, and after the model is opened, gas-liquid two-phase flow simulation is performed in FLUENT, and the particles interact with the fluid through a self-defined source item;
if the volume fraction of particles is considered in the multiphase flow-based coupling interface, after the Euler model is started, the Euler phase number is set to be 3 phases, and in FLUENT, gas-liquid-solid three-phase flow simulation is performed, and the particles interact with the fluid through a self-defined source item.
Preferably, if the volume fraction of the particles is not considered, opening an euler model and a DPM model in the FLUENT, setting gas-liquid two-phase simulation in the Eulerian model, setting solid-phase simulation in the DPM model, and initializing DPM information in the current step by parameters such as the position, the volume, the speed and the like of the particles in the EDEM;
if the volume fraction of particles is considered, the DPM-based coupling interface activates the DDPM model after the Eulerian model and the DPM model are started in the FLUENT, and the rest parameter settings are consistent with those when the volume fraction of particles is not considered.
The forces to which the particles are subjected to movement in the tank oil can be divided into two categories, namely the forces exerted by the flow field on the particles, the forces between the particles and the wall. The existing two-phase flow simulation method only considers the force applied to the particles by a part of flow fields, and does not consider the acting force between the particles and the wall surface. The invention fully considers the actual movement condition of particles in the oil tank, improves the existing simulation method, adds the action of gas phase particles, and forms three-phase flow simulation; the force applied to the particles is supplemented according to the actual movement, so that the method is more practical. Only the floating force, the drag force and the gravity force of the particles in the flow field are considered in the existing CFD-DEM coupling interface, but besides the forces, the particles moving in the actual flow field are also subjected to Saffman force, basset force, virtual mass force, pressure gradient force, magnus force and the like. The invention re-writes the existing coupling interface program, and adds the rest force of the flow field to the particles, so that the particles are more in line with the actual movement situation of the particles.
Preferably, wherein F c The contact force applied to the particles is expressed as:
F c =F c,n +F c,t
wherein F is c,n And F c,t Respectively representing normal force and tangential force received by the particles in the contact process of the particles and the wall surface;
T c the contact torque to which the particles are subjected is expressed as:
T c =T t +T r
wherein T is t And T r Respectively, the contact torque generated by tangential contact force and rolling friction;
F f is the acting force of fluid on particles, and the expression is
F f =F G +F B +F P +F Drag +F VR +F Saff
Figure BDA0003291354170000051
Figure BDA0003291354170000052
Figure BDA0003291354170000053
Wherein u is f Is the velocity of the fluid; f (F) G Is subjected to gravity; f (F) B Is buoyancy; f (F) p Is a pressure gradient force; f (F) Drag Is the fluid drag; f (F) VR Is a virtual mass force; f (F) Saff Is Saffman lift; c (C) D Is the drag coefficient; d, d p Is the particle diameter; ρ f And ρ p The density of the fluid and the particles, respectively; μ is hydrodynamic viscosity; r is R e Is the reynolds number of the particles.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) The gas-liquid-solid three-phase flow simulation method has the advantages of simple parameter setting, high accuracy, visual and understandable simulation result, short simulation period, high efficiency, wide application range, strong universality and the like.
(2) All parameters of the gas-liquid-solid three-phase flow simulation method are set in simulation software FLUENT and EDEM software, and the operation is simple; the gas-liquid-solid three-phase flow simulation method can be used for modeling according to the actual shape and size of the particles, setting parameters such as the density, poisson ratio, elastic modulus and the like of the particles, and truly reducing the intrinsic properties of the particles; contact parameters such as friction coefficient, recovery coefficient and the like of the particles and the contact surface can be set according to actual working conditions; the contact effect among particles and between particles and the wall surface is considered, so that the simulation method is more practical and has high simulation accuracy;
(3) The gas-liquid-solid three-phase flow simulation method re-writes the existing coupling interface program, complements the force applied to the particles in the flow field movement, is more in line with the actual situation, and has high simulation accuracy; the results obtained by the gas-liquid-solid three-phase flow simulation method directly show the specific deposition position of the particles in the simulation model, and the movement condition of the particles is displayed in a visual way;
(4) The multiphase flow simulation method has the advantages of short simulation period, less consumption of calculation resources and high calculation efficiency; the gas-liquid-solid three-phase flow simulation method is not only suitable for the oil tank, but also theoretically suitable for numerical simulation of any flowing liquid doped with solid phase and gas phase, and has wide application range and strong universality.
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The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the invention. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a simulation flow chart disclosed in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a diagram of a simulation application model and process disclosed in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a flow chart of a CFD-DEM coupling simulation disclosed in an embodiment of the invention;
FIGS. 4a and 4b are each a simulation coupling model improvement algorithm disclosed in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIGS. 5a-5c are graphs of simulation results of three-phase flow simulation of a hydraulic oil tank according to an embodiment of the present invention, wherein FIG. 5a is a graph of oil velocity simulation, FIG. 5b is a graph of gas volume fraction simulation, and FIG. 5c is a graph of particle deposition position simulation;
fig. 6a and fig. 6b are respectively a comparison diagram of particle deposition positions of three-phase flow and two-phase flow of a hydraulic oil tank according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENT (S) OF INVENTION
In order to make the technical solution and advantages of the present invention more apparent, exemplary embodiments of the present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. It will be apparent that the described embodiments are only some of the embodiments of the present invention and are not exhaustive of all embodiments. And embodiments of the invention and features of embodiments may be combined with each other without conflict.
Fig. 1 and 2 schematically show a gas-liquid-solid three-phase flow simulation method according to an embodiment of the invention, comprising the steps of:
step S1: the liquid and gas phases were subjected to steady state simulation in simulation software FLUENT. The gas-liquid simulation adopts an Euler-Euler model, the gas phase and the liquid phase are regarded as continuous phases, and relevant simulation parameters of the gas phase and the liquid phase are arranged in FLUENT to perform steady-state simulation.
Step S2: setting solid-phase simulation parameters in the EDEM, keeping the gas-liquid two-phase simulation data unchanged, switching the simulation mode into a transient state, and accessing the CFD-DEM coupling interface.
The CFD-DEM coupling interface in the step S2 comprises two coupling interfaces, wherein the two coupling interfaces are respectively a multiphase flow-based coupling interface and a DPM-based coupling interface, the two coupling interfaces respectively comprise two calculation and setting methods according to the intensity of particles in liquid, and the two calculation and setting methods are respectively a calculation and setting method which needs to consider the volume fraction of the particles and a calculation and setting method which does not need to consider the volume fraction of the particles;
the volume fraction of particles is defined as follows:
Figure BDA0003291354170000071
wherein alpha is p And alpha l Volume fractions of particles and liquid, respectivelyThe number, when the volume fraction eta of the particles is more than 10%, the volume fraction of the particles is considered according to the simulation method; when the particle volume fraction η is less than or equal to 10%, the corresponding simulation method does not need to consider the volume fraction of particles.
Step S3: and connecting FLUENT and EDEM through a CFD-DEM coupling interface to perform gas-liquid-solid three-phase flow simulation. The gas-liquid-solid simulation part is transient simulation, the Euler-Lagrange method is adopted for calculation, the gas phase and the liquid phase are regarded as continuous phases, the solid phase is regarded as discrete phases, and the FLUENT is connected with the EDEM, so that simulation is started. After the simulation is finished, the simulation data are stored, and the simulation result is checked.
In a preferred embodiment, as shown in FIG. 3. The FLUENT and EDEM coupling process is as follows: firstly, performing bubble flow simulation in FLUENT, performing steady state simulation on gas-liquid two phases by adopting an Euler-Euler simulation method, performing transient flow field calculation, and accessing an EDEM coupling interface after waiting for steady state; particle properties and contact models and parameters were set in EDEMs and the number and time of particles delivered were set. After the FLUENT and EDEM coupling calculation is started, the coupling interface transmits flow field forces received by the particles to act on the EDEM, the EDEM calculates resultant forces received by the particles according to Newton's second law, the position and the speed of the particles are updated, the information is converted into momentum effects of the particles on the flow field, and the momentum effects are transmitted to the FLUENT through the coupling interface. And (3) performing reciprocating calculation until FLUENT reaches a set time step, and finishing coupling calculation and simulation.
Fig. 4a and 4b schematically show the simulated coupling algorithm improvement according to one embodiment of the invention. Since the program architecture and content of the different forces to which the particles are subjected in the flow field are similar, fig. 4a and 4b only schematically show the program content of the Saffman forces to which the particles are subjected in the coupling interface. The Saffman force is related to the rotational angular velocity of the particle, the algorithm first component defines the rotational angular velocity, and defines other variables used in the Saffman force calculation, and finally the force calculation is written.
In a preferred embodiment, a hydraulic tank gas-liquid-solid three-phase flow simulation is shown in fig. 5a-5 c. The oil evenly mixed with gas and solid particles enters from an oil return port of the oil tank, passes through a partition plate in the middle of the oil tank and flows out from an oil suction port of the oil tank. The oil speed distribution cloud chart shows that the maximum speed of the oil is distributed on one side of an oil return pipe of the oil tank, namely the left side of the partition plate; the distribution cloud picture of the gas volume fraction shows that the position with the maximum gas content in the oil is positioned at one side of an oil return pipe of the oil tank, and the oil at one side of an oil suction pipe of the oil tank almost does not contain gas; the deposition position diagram of the particles in the hydraulic oil tank shows that the particles are almost deposited on one side of an oil return port of the oil tank, the particles are gathered at two corners of the left side of an oil return pipe, and the particles on the right side of the oil return pipe are distributed in an arc shape in simulation.
In a preferred embodiment, a hydraulic tank gas-liquid-solid three-phase flow and gas-liquid two-phase flow particle deposition location comparison is shown in fig. 6a and 6 b. The simulation results of the gas-liquid-solid three-phase flow and the gas-liquid two-phase flow are similar in overall trend, namely, aggregated particles exist at two corners of the left side of the oil return pipe, and the particles on the right side of the oil return pipe are distributed in an arc shape in the simulation.
The two are different in that the overall position of the particles in the gas-liquid-solid three-phase flow simulation result is farther than that of the gas-liquid two-phase flow, namely, the particles are closer to the wall surface of the oil tank, so that the degree of difference between the gas-liquid-solid three-phase flow simulation result and the gas-liquid two-phase flow simulation result is larger, and the importance of considering the effect of gas on the solid particles when the hydraulic oil tank is subjected to fluid simulation is reflected.
The above examples are only illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and various modifications and improvements made by those skilled in the art to the technical solution of the present invention should fall within the scope of protection defined by the claims of the present invention without departing from the spirit of the present invention.

Claims (4)

1. A gas-liquid-solid three-phase flow simulation method is characterized in that: which comprises the following steps:
step S1, setting simulation parameters of a liquid phase and a gas phase in simulation software FLEUNT, and performing gas-liquid two-phase steady-state simulation;
the gas-liquid two-phase steady-state simulation adopts an Euler-Euler method, the liquid phase and the gas phase are used as continuous phases for simulation, and the liquid phase and the gas phase simulation parameters are set in simulation software FLUENT;
setting the liquid-phase and gas-phase two-phase simulation as steady-state simulation, and carrying out step S2 after the liquid-phase and gas-phase two-phase simulation result enters a steady state;
s2, setting solid-phase simulation parameters in simulation software EDEM, keeping the gas-liquid two-phase simulation data unchanged, switching a simulation mode into transient simulation, and then accessing a CFD-DEM coupling interface;
the CFD-DEM coupling interface in the step S2 comprises two coupling interfaces, wherein the two coupling interfaces are respectively a multiphase flow-based coupling interface and a discrete particle method-based coupling interface, the two coupling interfaces respectively comprise two calculation and setting methods according to the density of particles in liquid, and the two calculation and setting methods are respectively a calculation and setting method which needs to consider the volume fraction of the particles and a calculation and setting method which does not need to consider the volume fraction of the particles;
wherein the volume fraction of particles is defined as follows:
Figure FDA0003291354160000011
wherein alpha is p And alpha l The volume fractions of the particles and the liquid, respectively;
when the volume fraction eta of the particles is more than 10%, the volume fraction of the particles is considered according to the simulation method; when the volume fraction eta of the particles is less than or equal to 10%, the corresponding simulation method does not need to consider the volume fraction of the particles;
step S3, respectively connecting FLUENT and EDEM through the selected coupling interfaces, and performing gas-liquid-solid three-phase flow simulation until the simulation is completely steady;
in the step S3, the gas-liquid-solid three-phase simulation adopts an Euler-Lagrange method, the liquid phase and the gas phase are regarded as continuous phases for simulation, the solid particles are regarded as discrete phases for simulation, the solid simulation parameters are set in the EDEM, the solid particles comprise the forces exerted by the solid particles during simulation, and the stress model of the solid particles is as follows:
Figure FDA0003291354160000021
Figure FDA0003291354160000022
wherein m is p And I p The mass and inertial tensors of the particle, respectively; u (u) p And omega p The linear and angular velocities of the particles, respectively; f (F) f Acting force of fluid on particles; f (F) c The contact force to which the particles are subjected; t (T) c Is the contact torque to which the particles are subjected.
2. The gas-liquid-solid three-phase flow simulation method according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: if the multiphase flow-based coupling interface does not consider the volume fraction of particles, the calculation and setting method specifically comprises the following steps: opening an Euler model, and after the Euler model is opened, simulating a gas-liquid two-phase flow in FLUENT, wherein solid particles and fluid interact through a user-defined source item;
if the volume fraction of particles is considered, the multiphase flow-based coupling interface comprises the following steps: after the Euler model is started, the Euler phase number is set to be 3 phases, and in FLUENT, gas-liquid-solid three-phase flow simulation is performed, and solid particles interact with fluid through a user-defined source item.
3. The gas-liquid-solid three-phase flow simulation method according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: if the coupling interface based on the discrete particle method does not consider the volume fraction of particles, the calculating and setting method specifically comprises the following steps: opening an Euler model and a DPM model in FLUENT, setting gas-liquid two-phase simulation in the Euler model, setting solid-phase simulation in the DPM model, and initializing DPM information under the current step by using position, volume and speed parameters of particles in EDEM;
if the volume fraction of particles is considered, the computing and setting method specifically comprises the following steps: after the Eulerian and DPM models are turned on in FLUENT, the DDPM model is activated and the remaining parameter settings are consistent without taking into account the volume fraction of particles.
4. The gas-liquid-solid three-phase flow simulation method according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps:
wherein F is c The contact force applied to the particles is expressed as:
F c =F c,n +F c,t
wherein F is c,n And F c,t Respectively representing normal force and tangential force received by the particles in the contact process of the particles and the wall surface;
T c the contact torque to which the particles are subjected is expressed as:
T c =T t +T r
wherein T is t And T r Respectively, the contact torque generated by tangential contact force and rolling friction;
F f is the acting force of fluid on particles, and the expression is
F f =F G +F B +F P +F Drag +F VR +F Saff
Figure FDA0003291354160000031
Figure FDA0003291354160000032
Figure FDA0003291354160000033
Wherein u is f Is the velocity of the fluid; f (F) G Is subjected to gravity; f (F) B Is buoyancy; f (F) p Is a pressure gradient force; f (F) Drag Is the fluid drag; f (F) VR Is a virtual mass force; f (F) Saff Is Saffman lift; c (C) D Is the drag coefficient; d, d p Is the particle diameter; ρ f And ρ p The density of the fluid and the particles, respectively; μ is hydrodynamic viscosity; r is R e Is the reynolds number of the particles.
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