CN113934965A - Phased array antenna on-orbit correction and deformation evaluation method - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention relates to an on-orbit correction and deformation evaluation method of a phased array antenna, which comprises the following steps of firstly, carrying out ground structure and amplitude phase measurement on an integrated link of a beacon, an array surface and a channel of an active phased array antenna; then calculating to obtain the on-orbit compensation phase of each channel on the basis of ground amplitude-phase measurement data, and completing on-orbit correction of the electrical performance of the phased array antenna; secondly, acquiring the physical deformation length from the array antenna beacon to each array surface unit position according to the phase change value of each channel; thirdly, predicting possible position coordinates of each unit of the array surface after the on-orbit deformation through comparison calculation with the array antenna ground structure measurement data; and finally, the on-orbit evaluation of the array surface deformation is summarized as the optimization problem of the array surface unit position, a deformation optimization model and an optimization constraint condition are constructed to update the array element position, and the final array element position coordinate is obtained by solving on the basis of multiple iterative optimization, so that the on-orbit surface change evaluation is realized.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to an on-orbit correction and deformation evaluation method for a phased array antenna, and belongs to the field of design of satellite-borne array antennas.
Background
The satellite-borne SAR (synthetic aperture radar) active phased-array antenna has the characteristics of high gain, narrow beam, fast beam scanning, agile beam shape and the like, and meets the requirement of the performance of satellite-borne electronic information equipment. The novel satellite-borne SAR phased-array antenna has the advantages of large caliber, large number of single plates, large change of external temperature, large heat consumption of the single plates, flexible and light array surface, reliable expansion by adopting a truss mode and high precision requirement of the antenna profile. The in-orbit surface change of the satellite-borne array antenna is possibly caused by factors such as space environment and the like, for example, the thermal deformation of each single plate under the background condition of different temperatures (-190 ℃ -160 ℃), the error precision control of the in-orbit surface of a plurality of antenna single plates is not in place, and the deformation has important influence on the performance of the SAR phased array antenna. The large-scale array antenna surface error assessment and electrical property correction technical research is developed, the rigidity requirements on an antenna structure plate and an expansion system can be reduced, and the total weight reduction of a satellite-borne SAR effective load system and the breakthrough and updating of a phased array technology are realized.
In a traditional scheme for measuring deformation errors and correcting antenna performance of a large-scale array antenna, a spatial large-distance high-precision camera measurement and mechanical control calibration system is generally constructed, or a real-time sensor monitoring and signal processing correction system distributed on the surface of an array plane is utilized to complete analysis, measurement and structural dynamic compensation of antenna array plane deformation. These measurement and correction systems can realize real-time error monitoring and correction, but are limited to the installation accuracy of the measurement equipment to a great extent, and at the same time, the satellite load design cost and the system complexity are increased, and the weight limit requirements of the satellite platform often cannot be met.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem solved by the invention is as follows: the method overcomes the defects of the prior art, and provides the phased array antenna on-track correction and deformation evaluation method, which combines the array surface deformation structural characteristics and the active channel amplitude-phase measurement by using the active link characteristics of the phased array to realize the functions of antenna electrical property correction and deformation error evaluation.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
an on-orbit correction and deformation evaluation method for a phased array antenna comprises the following steps:
(1) constructing an integrated correction link by the beacon, the passive array surface and the active channel of the array antenna;
(2) finishing the surface accuracy correction and the mechanical structure measurement of a radiation front on the ground and recording a table A1;
(3) finishing the balance of the active channel and the amplitude-phase consistency check in a ground darkroom and respectively recording the forms as A2 and A3;
(4) sequentially changing different bit states of each channel phase shifter, and measuring and recording corresponding power level values of the synthesized electric field;
(5) obtaining phase calibration values of all channels by adopting an anti-noise interference active channel phase calibration method and recording a table;
(6) on the basis of ground amplitude-phase measurement data tables A2 and A3, calculating the on-orbit compensation phase of each channel to realize on-orbit electrical performance correction of the phased array antenna;
(7) obtaining the physical length change value from the array antenna beacon to each array surface unit position after the track deformation according to the phase change compensation value of each active channel;
(8) predicting possible coordinate positions of the elements of each front surface after the deformation of the rail through a ground structure measurement data table A1 and length change values from the beacon of the rail to the elements;
(9) and the array surface deformation evaluation is summarized as the optimization problem of the array surface unit position, and a deformation optimization model and an optimization constraint condition are constructed to update the array element position, so that the array element position value is obtained through multiple times of iterative optimization solution, and the on-orbit surface error evaluation of the array antenna is realized.
Further, the array antenna calibration in the step (1) adopts an external calibration method, so that the integrated calibration link comprises a beacon antenna, a passive array surface and an active channel.
Further, in the step (1), the array antenna beacon adopts a wide beam element antenna, and the erection height and the erection position meet the requirements of the far-field distance of the array antenna and certain beam coverage.
Further, the array antenna shape accuracy and mechanical structure measurement in the step (2) are realized by adopting a photogrammetric method on the ground.
Further, the active channel configuration and amplitude and phase consistency check in the step (3) is realized by adopting an REV rotation vector method.
Further, the different bit states of each channel phase shifter in the step (4) include four states of 0 °, 90 °, 180 ° and 270 °.
Further, in step (5), the active channel phase calibration method includes: suppose the amplitude and phase of the signals of the active channels 1 and 2 of the array antenna are respectively E1、φ1And E2、φ2The power of the superposition of the two signals is expressed as
Delta is the channel 2 phase shifter additive phase, at which time, the phase shifter phase shift value for channel 2 is changed,
when delta is pi/2, the signals are combined to form power
When delta is 3 pi/2, the signals are combined to form power
When delta is 0, the signal synthesized power is at the moment
When delta is pi, the signal synthesized power
Wherein epsilon2Is the average noise power of the channel;
therefore, after measuring the signal power levels in the four phase-shifting states, the phase difference between the two channels can be calculated as
Further, the on-track compensation phase calculation method for each channel in step (6) is as follows:
assume that for the active channel i corresponding to the mn-th cell in the array surface, the initial calibration and pre-calibration phase values at the ground are phi respectively0iAnd phi1iThe phase measurement of the on-track calibration is phi2iSo that the compensation phase value is delta phimn＝-φ0i+(φ2i-φ1i)。
Further, the calculation method for obtaining the position change information of the wavefront unit from the compensation phase of each channel in step (7) is as follows:
if the array antenna structure measurement information is completed on the ground, the beacon antenna is set to be (x)p,yp,zp) And the mn-th cell (x) in the array planemn,ymn,zmn) A distance of
When the array surface is deformed on track, the beacon antenna and the mn-th unit of the array surface
A distance of
Thus, the wavefront distortion causes the distance between the wavefront unit and the beacon to change to
Corresponding to a compensation phase of
Thereby obtaining the distance change between the beacon and the mn-th unit of the wavefront after the wavefront deformation
Further, the coordinate position of the deformed array element pre-evaluated in the step (8) is expressed as
Further, in the optimization problem of the positions of the array surface units in the step (9), a genetic algorithm can be adopted for solving the optimization model:
s.t.
Δφmn＝-φ0i+(φ2i-φ1i)
f(xmn,ymn,zmn)＝f0
wherein argmin represents the minimum value to be solved; f (x)mn,ymn,zmn)＝f0Other models are known that the wavefront satisfies after deformation of the rail structure.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) compared with a camera or sensor measurement and mechanical calibration method, the method disclosed by the invention fully utilizes the active link characteristic of the active array antenna, combines the array surface deformation structural characteristic with the amplitude-phase characteristic of an active channel, realizes the electrical performance calibration and array surface deformation error evaluation of the antenna, does not need to additionally increase a large number of measurement and calibration equipment, and is beneficial to the reduction of satellite load cost and the weight reduction of a system;
(2) most of the related documents disclosed at present are the analysis and research of antenna structure to structure, electrical property to electrical property and structure to electrical property, the method of the invention innovatively provides a reverse comprehensive idea of antenna electrical property to structural parameters, and can provide design guidance basis for structural design, tolerance distribution, overall index decomposition and the like of an active array antenna;
(3) the method of the invention adopts an active channel phase correction technology which can effectively reduce or eliminate the influence of noise power on the channel to be corrected and improve the correction precision; only the power level of the combined signal needs to be measured, and the method has the characteristics of easiness in engineering realization and small calculation amount.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the external calibration system;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an active channel correction algorithm;
FIG. 3 is a flow chart of channel compensation phase calculation;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the locations of the cells before and after orbital deformation of the array plane;
fig. 5 is an overall flow chart of the invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated by the following examples.
In order to realize the on-orbit correction and deformation evaluation of the phased array, the method specifically comprises the following calculation steps:
(1) referring to the external calibration system composition scheme, an integrated calibration link is constructed by an array antenna beacon, a passive array surface and an active channel, the beacon erection meets a certain height and coverage range, and the system composition is shown in fig. 1.
(2) And (3) finishing the surface accuracy correction of the radiation front surface and the mechanical structure measurement on the ground by adopting a high-accuracy structure measurement method such as photogrammetry and recording a table A1.
(3) Active channel balancing and amplitude consistency check are completed in a ground darkroom by methods such as REV (rotating vector method) and the like, and the results are recorded as A2 and A3 respectively.
(4) And sequentially changing different bit states (comprising four states of 0 degree, 90 degrees, 180 degrees and 270 degrees) of each channel phase shifter through beam control software, and measuring and recording corresponding power level values of the synthesized electric field.
(5) And obtaining phase calibration values of all channels by adopting an active channel phase calibration technology resisting noise interference and recording a table. By using the thought of REV (rotation vector method), the amplitude and phase of the active channel 1 and 2 signals of the array antenna are respectively assumed to be E1、φ1And E2、φ2The power of the superposition of the two signals can be expressed as
Delta is the channel 2 phase shifter added phase. At this time, the phase shifter that changes channel 2 adds a phase shift value delta,
when delta is pi/2, the signals are combined to form power
When delta is 3 pi/2, the signals are combined to form power
When delta is 0, the signal synthesized power is at the moment
When delta is pi, the signal synthesized power
Wherein epsilon2Is the average noise power of the channel.
Therefore, based on the signal power measurement levels in the four phase-shifted states (as shown in FIG. 2), the phase difference between the two channels is calculated as
(6) On the basis of ground amplitude-phase measurement data tables A2 and A3, on-track compensation phases of all channels are calculated, and on-track electrical performance correction of the phased array antenna is achieved. The on-orbit compensation phase calculation process of each channel is shown in fig. 3, and for the active channel i corresponding to the mn-th unit in the array surface, the initial calibration and the pre-calibration phase values on the ground are respectively phi0iAnd phi1iThe phase measurement of the on-track calibration is phi2iThe obtained compensation phase value is delta phimn＝-φ0i+(φ2i-φ1i)。
(7) And obtaining the physical length change value from the array antenna beacon to each array surface unit position after the track deformation according to the phase change compensation value of each active channel. The calculation idea is that the position information of the array antenna structure, such as the position (x) of the beacon antenna, is measured according to the groundp,yp,zp) The mn-th element (x) in the beacon and the wavefrontmn,ymn,zmn) A distance of
Assuming that the amplitude-phase error of the channel is not considered and the position of the beacon antenna on the track is fixed, when the wavefront is deformed on the track, the beacon antenna and the mn-th unit of the wavefront
A distance of
Thus, the wavefront changesThe shape causes the array surface unit to vary from the beacon distance to
Corresponding to a compensation phase of
Because of delta phimn、RmnThe information is known, so that the distance between the beacon and the mn-th unit of the wavefront can be changed into
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram showing the change in the positions of the respective units before and after deformation.
(8) The pre-estimated array surface deformed array element coordinate position set can be expressed as
(9) And the array surface deformation evaluation is summarized as the optimization problem of the array surface unit position, and the global optimal solution can be obtained by adopting optimization iterative algorithms such as a genetic algorithm and the like to solve the optimization problem, so that the evaluation of the unit position after the array surface deformation is realized. The model is summarized as follows.
s.t.
Δφmn＝-φ0i+(φ2i-φ1i)
f(xmn,ymn,zmn)＝f0
Wherein argmin represents the minimum value to be solved; f (x)mn,ymn,zmn)＝f0Other models are known that the wavefront satisfies after deformation of the rail structure.
The whole patent flow is shown in fig. 5.
The invention discloses an on-orbit correction and deformation evaluation method for a phased array antenna. Firstly, carrying out ground structure and amplitude phase measurement on an integrated link of an active phased array antenna beacon, a array surface and a channel; then calculating to obtain the on-orbit compensation phase of each channel on the basis of ground amplitude-phase measurement data, and completing on-orbit correction of the electrical performance of the phased array antenna; secondly, acquiring the physical deformation length from the array antenna beacon to each array surface unit position according to the phase change value of each channel; thirdly, predicting possible position coordinates of each unit of the array surface after the on-orbit deformation through comparison calculation with the array antenna ground structure measurement data; and finally, the on-orbit evaluation of the array surface deformation is summarized as the optimization problem of the array surface unit position, a deformation optimization model and an optimization constraint condition are constructed to update the array element position, and the final array element position coordinate is obtained by solving on the basis of multiple iterative optimization, so that the on-orbit surface change evaluation is realized.
Compared with a traditional camera measurement and mechanical control calibration system or a distributed real-time sensor monitoring and signal processing correction system, the method disclosed by the invention fully utilizes the active link characteristics of an active phased array antenna, provides a reverse comprehensive method for measuring the electrical property of the antenna to structural parameters, combines array surface deformation structure measurement with active channel phase correction, realizes the electrical property correction and array surface deformation error evaluation functions of the phased array antenna, and does not need to additionally increase a large amount of satellite system cost and payload weight; the active channel phase correction technology adopting anti-noise interference provides powerful technical support for realizing high-precision beam pointing and high gain of the array antenna, and is an important means for improving the performance of the active array antenna.
Although the present invention has been described with reference to the preferred embodiments, it is not intended to limit the present invention, and those skilled in the art can make variations and modifications of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention by using the methods and technical contents disclosed above.
Claims (11)
1. An on-orbit correction and deformation evaluation method for a phased array antenna is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
(1) constructing an integrated correction link by the beacon, the passive array surface and the active channel of the array antenna;
(2) finishing the surface accuracy correction and the mechanical structure measurement of a radiation front on the ground and recording a table A1;
(3) finishing the balance of the active channel and the amplitude-phase consistency check in a ground darkroom and respectively recording the forms as A2 and A3;
(4) sequentially changing different bit states of each channel phase shifter, and measuring and recording corresponding power level values of the synthesized electric field;
(5) obtaining phase calibration values of all channels by adopting an anti-noise interference active channel phase calibration method and recording a table;
(6) on the basis of ground amplitude-phase measurement data tables A2 and A3, calculating the on-orbit compensation phase of each channel to realize on-orbit electrical performance correction of the phased array antenna;
(7) obtaining the physical length change value from the array antenna beacon to each array surface unit position after the track deformation according to the phase change compensation value of each active channel;
(8) predicting possible coordinate positions of the elements of each front surface after the deformation of the rail through a ground structure measurement data table A1 and length change values from the beacon of the rail to the elements;
(9) and the array surface deformation evaluation is summarized as the optimization problem of the array surface unit position, and a deformation optimization model and an optimization constraint condition are constructed to update the array element position, so that the array element position value is obtained through multiple times of iterative optimization solution, and the on-orbit surface error evaluation of the array antenna is realized.
2. The phased array antenna on-track correction and deformation evaluation method according to claim 1, characterized in that in the step (1), the array antenna correction adopts an external calibration method, so that an integrated correction link comprises a beacon antenna, a passive wavefront and an active channel.
3. The phased array antenna on-track correction and deformation evaluation method according to claim 1, wherein in the step (1), the array antenna beacon adopts a wide beam element antenna, and the erection height and the erection position meet the requirements of the far-field distance of the array antenna and certain beam coverage.
4. The phased array antenna on-orbit correction and deformation evaluation method according to claim 1, wherein the array antenna shape surface precision and mechanical structure measurement in the step (2) are realized by adopting a photogrammetry method on the ground.
5. The phased array antenna on-orbit correction and deformation evaluation method according to claim 1, characterized in that the active channel configuration and amplitude and phase consistency check in the step (3) is realized by REV rotation vector method.
6. The method for on-track correction and deformation evaluation of phased array antenna according to claim 1, wherein the different phase states of each channel phase shifter in step (4) include four states of 0 °, 90 °, 180 ° and 270 °.
7. The on-track calibration and deformation evaluation method for the phased array antenna according to claim 1, wherein in the step (5), the active channel phase calibration method comprises: suppose the amplitude and phase of the signals of the active channels 1 and 2 of the array antenna are respectively E1、φ1And E2、φ2The power of the superposition of the two signals is expressed as
Delta is the channel 2 phase shifter additive phase, at which time, the phase shifter phase shift value for channel 2 is changed,
when delta is pi/2, the signals are combined to form power
When delta is 3 pi/2, the signals are combined to form power
When delta is 0, the signal synthesized power is at the moment
When delta is pi, the signal synthesized power
Wherein epsilon2Is the average noise power of the channel;
therefore, after measuring the signal power levels in the four phase-shifting states, the phase difference between the two channels can be calculated as
8. The on-orbit correction and deformation evaluation method for the phased array antenna according to claim 1, wherein the on-orbit compensation phase calculation method for each channel in step (6) comprises:
assume that for the active channel i corresponding to the mn-th cell in the array surface, the initial calibration and pre-calibration phase values at the ground are phi respectively0iAnd phi1iThe phase measurement of the on-track calibration is phi2iSo that the compensation phase value is delta phimn＝-φ0i+(φ2i-φ1i)。
9. The on-orbit correction and deformation evaluation method for the phased array antenna according to claim 1, wherein the calculation method for obtaining the position change information of the wavefront unit from the compensation phase of each channel in the step (7) comprises:
if the array antenna structure measurement information is completed on the ground, the beacon antenna is set to be (x)p,yp,zp) And the mn-th cell (x) in the array planemn,ymn,zmn) A distance of
When the array surface is deformed on track, the beacon antenna and the mn-th unit of the array surface
A distance of
Thus, the wavefront distortion causes the distance between the wavefront unit and the beacon to change to
Corresponding to a compensation phase of
Thereby obtaining the distance change between the beacon and the mn-th unit of the wavefront after the wavefront deformation
10. The on-orbit correction and deformation assessment method for phased array antenna according to claim 9, wherein the coordinate position of the deformed array element pre-assessed in step (8) is expressed as
11. The phased array antenna on-orbit correction and deformation evaluation method according to claim 1, wherein the optimization problem of the positions of the array surface units in the step (9) is solved by adopting a genetic algorithm:
s.t.
Δφmn＝-φ0i+(φ2i-φ1i)
f(xmn,ymn,zmn)＝f0
wherein argmin represents the minimum value to be solved; f (x)mn,ymn,zmn)＝f0Other models are known that the wavefront satisfies after deformation of the rail structure.
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| CN117394929A (en) * | 2023-12-12 | 2024-01-12 | 南京纳特通信电子有限公司 | Phased array antenna calibration method, device, medium, equipment and calibration test method |
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| CN116953681B (en) * | 2023-09-20 | 2023-12-12 | 成都智芯雷通微系统技术有限公司 | Spherical phased array radar |
| CN117394929A (en) * | 2023-12-12 | 2024-01-12 | 南京纳特通信电子有限公司 | Phased array antenna calibration method, device, medium, equipment and calibration test method |
| CN117394929B (en) * | 2023-12-12 | 2024-02-09 | 南京纳特通信电子有限公司 | Phased array antenna calibration method, device, medium, equipment and calibration test method |
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