CN113934042A - Polymer dispersed liquid crystal film, light field display system and method - Google Patents
Polymer dispersed liquid crystal film, light field display system and method Download PDFInfo
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- 239000004983 Polymer Dispersed Liquid Crystal Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 74
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1334—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods based on polymer dispersed liquid crystals, e.g. microencapsulated liquid crystals
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B30/00—Optical systems or apparatus for producing three-dimensional [3D] effects, e.g. stereoscopic images
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B30/00—Optical systems or apparatus for producing three-dimensional [3D] effects, e.g. stereoscopic images
- G02B30/20—Optical systems or apparatus for producing three-dimensional [3D] effects, e.g. stereoscopic images by providing first and second parallax images to an observer's left and right eyes
- G02B30/26—Optical systems or apparatus for producing three-dimensional [3D] effects, e.g. stereoscopic images by providing first and second parallax images to an observer's left and right eyes of the autostereoscopic type
- G02B30/27—Optical systems or apparatus for producing three-dimensional [3D] effects, e.g. stereoscopic images by providing first and second parallax images to an observer's left and right eyes of the autostereoscopic type involving lenticular arrays
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/13306—Circuit arrangements or driving methods for the control of single liquid crystal cells
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Abstract
The invention discloses a polymer dispersed liquid crystal film, a light field display system and a light field display method, wherein the polymer dispersed liquid crystal film adopts a liquid crystal material with the mass ratio of 55: 45 nematic liquid crystal E7 and ultraviolet photosensitive monomer NOA65, and a transmission type polymer dispersed liquid crystal film prepared by a polymer induced phase separation PIPS method. The high-resolution light field display system based on the polymer dispersed liquid crystal film comprises a backlight source, a display panel, a micro-lens array and the polymer dispersed liquid crystal film. And the parallel light emitted by the backlight source reaches the display panel, illuminates the element image array on the display panel, is further converged by the micro-lens array, and finally enters the polymer liquid crystal film to realize the reconstruction display of the three-dimensional image point.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of three-dimensional display, in particular to a polymer dispersed liquid crystal film, a high-resolution light field display system based on the polymer dispersed liquid crystal film and a light field display method.
Background
In the real world, human eyes see that objects in space are three-dimensional, and the traditional display technology only can provide two-dimensional plane image display and lacks depth information, which is not in line with the visual habit of human eyes for watching three-dimensional objects. When human eyes watch objects at different distances, ciliary muscles in the eyeballs adjust the shape of crystalline lenses to focus images of the objects on retinas, meanwhile, the two eyeballs rotate inwards when watching the objects at the near position and rotate outwards when watching the objects at the far position, and the phenomenon is called convergence effect. The focusing and the convergence always occur simultaneously, and are adjusted in matching with each other. However, the conventional two-dimensional flat display is prone to visual fatigue of human eyes due to the lack of depth information and the convergence and convergence of the focus.
The light field display technology is a technology for reproducing an original object by recording three-dimensional position information of object information in a propagation process, and if light rays with seven dimensions in a full light function can be collected and projected, all people in the environment can obtain an immersive brand new visual experience at the same time. The light field as an ideal three-dimensional display technology is obviously different from the traditional two-dimensional display technology: traditional two-dimensional displays can only provide psycho-visual information such as affine, occlusion, lighting shadow, texture, and the like. The light field display technology can generate all information of a traditional two-dimensional display, can provide physiological visual information of binocular parallax, mobile parallax and focus blurring, and can provide more real viewing experience for an observer. And a large amount of experimental data is needed to be used as theoretical support for constructing a light field display system, so that a three-dimensional light field display simulation technology appears.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention mainly aims to provide a high-resolution light field display system and a light field display method based on a polymer dispersed liquid crystal film, which can better perform three-dimensional square display.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a polymer dispersed liquid crystal film is provided, which adopts a mass ratio of 55: 45 nematic liquid crystal E7 and ultraviolet photosensitive monomer NOA65, and a transmission type polymer dispersed liquid crystal film prepared by a polymer induced phase separation PIPS method.
In connection with the above technical scheme, the preparation process of the polymer dispersed liquid crystal film is as follows:
and (2) mixing the components in a mass ratio of 55: 45 nematic liquid crystal E7 and ultraviolet photosensitive monomer NOA65 are mixed by multiple oscillations;
controlling the thickness of the mixture to be 7.5 mu m;
forming a polymer dispersed liquid crystal film under the action of an ultraviolet lamp.
According to the technical scheme, the ordinary refractive index n of the nematic liquid crystal E7 is at 20 ℃ and 589nme1.7472 extraordinary refractive index no＝1.5217。
The invention also provides a high-resolution light field display system based on the polymer dispersed liquid crystal film, which comprises a backlight source, a display panel, a micro-lens array and the polymer dispersed liquid crystal film;
the backlight source is positioned right on the left side of the display panel, is formed by circularly arranging one or more point-shaped light sources and is lightened simultaneously;
the display panel is used for displaying an element image array, and the element image array is an element image array formed by a plurality of image elements acquired by a light field;
the micro-lens array is formed by arranging a plurality of micro-lens photosensitive elements at equal intervals and is used for converging incident parallel light to generate a light source array with a specific propagation direction and a specific divergence angle, aperture images on the micro-lens photosensitive elements are arranged in a hexagon shape, regular conversion is carried out on hexagonal image blocks, and finally orthogonal image arrangement is obtained;
the polymer dispersed liquid crystal film according to claim 1, 2 or 3, wherein a driving voltage is applied to the outside of the polymer dispersed liquid crystal film, a three-dimensional coordinate system is established with the center of the polymer dispersed liquid crystal film as an origin, and an element image array is displayed on the polymer dispersed liquid crystal film through a microlens array to display a three-dimensional image.
In the above technical solution, the refractive index of the microlens array is 1.5, and the scattering loss is 0.01.
According to the technical scheme, the element image array is obtained by acquiring the appointed three-dimensional object through the virtual camera array, the scene is detected before acquisition, necessary distortion inspection and correction processing are carried out on a lens on the premise that the camera array can normally operate, the acquisition system is corrected, and finally the single element image array is obtained.
According to the technical scheme, the distance between two adjacent micro lenses in the micro lens array is 0.15mm, the focal length of the micro lens array is 5.2mm, and the number of the micro lens arrays is 60 multiplied by 60.
The invention also provides a light field display method of the high-resolution light field display system based on the polymer dispersed liquid crystal film, which comprises the following steps:
acquiring light field information of a three-dimensional object through a virtual camera array, and constructing an element array image through three-dimensional software;
refreshing the element array image on the display panel;
converging the incident element array image through a micro-lens array, and then injecting the converged element array image onto a polymer dispersed liquid crystal film;
the applied voltage of the polymer dispersed liquid crystal film is changed at a high speed, and high-resolution three-dimensional display is realized.
The invention has the following beneficial effects: the invention adjusts the transmissivity of the polymer dispersed liquid crystal film by changing the voltage of the polymer dispersed liquid crystal film; and then the image information before and after modulation is fused by using the persistence/afterglow effect of human eyes, so that a high-resolution three-dimensional display result can be formed. Compared with the traditional light field display method, the light field display system provided by the patent carries out light field modulation through the polymer dispersed liquid crystal film, can obtain the light field display result with continuous parallax information, and supports multiple people to watch in real time. In addition, aiming at the problem of insufficient brightness of the traditional light field display method, the external light source is arranged to improve the brightness of the display screen so as to obtain a clearer display result; in addition, the light field display system provided by the patent can watch the three-dimensional image displayed on the screen by naked eyes without wearing external equipment.
Drawings
The invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples, in which:
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a high-resolution optical field display system based on a polymer dispersed liquid crystal film according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of a high-resolution optical field display method based on a polymer dispersed liquid crystal film according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
The invention provides a novel polymer dispersed liquid crystal film, which adopts a liquid crystal material with the mass ratio of 55: 45 nematic liquid crystal E7 and ultraviolet photosensitive monomer NOA65, and a transmission type polymer dispersed liquid crystal film prepared by a polymer induced phase separation PIPS method.
The material used for the polymer dispersed liquid crystal film can be selected from nematic liquid crystal E7 and ultraviolet photosensitive monomer NOA65, wherein, the ordinary refractive index n of the nematic liquid crystal E7 at 20 ℃ and 589nm wavelengthe1.7472 extraordinary refractive index no1.5217. A transmission-type PDLC film is prepared by a PIPS method (Polymer Induced Phase Separation).
The key process for preparing the transmission type PDLC film is as follows:
the mass ratio of E7 to NOA65 is 55: 45, mixing by multiple oscillations;
the mixture was irradiated under an ultraviolet lamp 36W @365nm for 20 minutes to form a polymer dispersed liquid crystal film having a thickness of 7.5 μm.
In polymer dispersed liquid crystal films, monomer molecules are induced by external UV light with polymer-forming poly(s)Combining the abilities; as the degree of polymerization increases, the solubility of the liquid crystal molecules decreases. When the solubility is less than a certain threshold value, liquid crystal molecules are separated out; finally, the liquid crystal molecules are dispersed in the polymer. Let the chemical potentials of the liquid crystal and the monomer be respectively muLCAnd muM：
In the formula, LC represents liquid crystal; m represents a monomer;
is the chemical potential energy in the pure liquid crystal state;
is the chemical potential energy in the pure monomer state; n is a radical ofLCDenotes the number of liquid crystal molecules in the mixture, NMDenotes the number of monomer molecules in the mixture, K is the Boltzmann constant, and T denotes the absolute temperature. When the polymer dispersed liquid crystal film is in a thermal equilibrium state, the chemical potentials of the components in the film are all equal. In the weak illumination area, the monomers are polymerized under the action of external ultraviolet light to gradually form polymers, and the number of the monomers in the area is reduced. As the chemical potential energy of the monomer is gradually reduced, the monomer is transferred from the weak illumination area to the strong illumination area according to the formula 1 and the heat balance principle, and the chemical potential energy of the monomer is compensated. Similarly, in the strong illumination area, the chemical potential energy of the liquid crystal is gradually increased due to the reduction of the number of the monomers, and the liquid crystal is transferred from the strong illumination area to the weak illumination area based on the heat balance principle, so that the chemical potential energy of the liquid crystal is compensated, and the phase separation is finally completed.
Under the condition of voltage turn-off, the director in the liquid crystal microdroplets in the polymer dispersed liquid crystal film is in a random direction, namely the effective refractive index value of the liquid crystal is different from the refractive index of the polymer network, and at the moment, incident light can be scattered or reflected; in the voltage-on state, the liquid crystal droplets will rearrange in the direction of the electric field, i.e. the effective refractive index of the liquid crystal is exactly the same as the refractive index of the polymer network, forming a transparent state, through which the incident light will pass directly.
The incident light is gradually attenuated after passing through the liquid crystal molecules, and the attenuation degree is closely related to the transmissivity of the polymer dispersed liquid crystal film. Among them, the transmittance of the polymer dispersed liquid crystal film changes with the change of the applied electric signal. Is provided with LoRepresenting the transmission, L representing the maximum transmission, there are:
L0＝L(Epdlc) (2)
where eta is the density of the liquid crystal molecules, s represents the cross-sectional area of the average scattering, EpdlcAnd D represents the applied voltage, and the thickness of the liquid crystal D-type optical element, namely the light propagation path. When the polymer dispersed liquid crystal film is loaded with an external voltage, the transmissivity of the polymer dispersed liquid crystal film is improved. By changing the applied voltage of the polymer dispersed liquid crystal film at a high speed and the afterglow effect of human eyes, the display results are fused in the human brain, and finally, a three-dimensional display result with high resolution can be obtained.
As shown in fig. 1, the high-resolution light field display system based on the polymer dispersed liquid crystal film according to the embodiment of the invention includes a backlight, a display panel, a microlens array and the polymer dispersed liquid crystal film. The backlight source is positioned at the leftmost side, and the display panel, the micro-lens array and the polymer dispersed liquid crystal film are arranged in sequence from the right side to the left side.
And the backlight source is positioned right on the left side of the display panel, is formed by circularly arranging single or a plurality of point-shaped light sources and is lightened simultaneously.
The display panel is used for displaying an element image array, and the element image array is a micro image array formed by a plurality of image elements acquired by a light field.
The micro-lens array is formed by arranging a plurality of lens elements at equal intervals and used for converging incident parallel light to generate a light source array with a specific propagation direction and a specific divergence angle, aperture images on the micro-lens photosensitive element are arranged in a hexagon shape, regular conversion is carried out on hexagonal image blocks, and finally orthogonal image arrangement is obtained, wherein the refractive index of the micro-lens array is 1.5, and the scattering loss is 0.01.
The polymer-dispersed liquid crystal film (i.e., the liquid crystal film of the above-described example) was subjected to three-dimensional coordinate system establishment with the center of the polymer-dispersed liquid crystal film as the origin, and an array of elemental images was displayed on the polymer-dispersed liquid crystal film through the microlens array, from which a three-dimensional image was observed by the human eye.
The parallel light emitted by the backlight source reaches the display panel and then illuminates the element image array on the display panel, the light source of the element image array is further converged by the micro-lens array, and finally the element image array is incident on the polymer liquid crystal film to realize the reconstruction display of the three-dimensional image point.
The element image array can be obtained by acquiring a light field of a specified three-dimensional object through the virtual camera array, a scene needs to be detected before acquisition, namely, necessary distortion inspection and correction processing are carried out on a lens on the premise that the camera array can normally run, an acquisition system is corrected, and finally a single element image array is obtained.
Wherein, light field collection mainly includes the following steps:
1) acquiring a white image, setting the white image before the whole light field imaging system is started, and using the white image as a physical through inspection of a light field acquisition system;
2) and calculating the coordinates of the central point of the white image, performing necessary distortion inspection and correction processing on the lens on the premise of ensuring the normal operation of the light field acquisition system after acquiring the white image, and acquiring the light field information of the three-dimensional object by adopting a light field camera and a micro-lens array.
3) And the synthetic aperture digital focusing is used for acquiring the four-dimensional light field image through the synthetic aperture digital focusing technology while calculating the coordinates of the central point of the white image, and the spatial resolution of the image is improved on the premise of ensuring the luminous flux.
4) And the synchronous terminal response is used for storing and managing the received light field information, reconstructing and displaying the acquired light field information in the synchronous terminal, performing data analysis and threshold setting on the acquired light field information, and displaying a final target scene image, namely an element image array.
In this embodiment, in order to generate an elemental image array of a three-dimensional object, a virtual camera array is provided in the 3DMAX2016 software. The number of the virtual camera arrays is 60 multiplied by 60, the focal length of the virtual cameras is 5.2mm, the distance between the virtual cameras is 0.15mm, the visual angle of the virtual cameras is 45 degrees, and the resolution of the virtual cameras is 600 multiplied by 600. In 3DMAX2016, the resolution of the rendered image is set to 200 × 200.
The light field display method of the high-resolution light field display system based on the polymer dispersed liquid crystal film according to the embodiment as shown in fig. 2 includes the following steps:
s1, acquiring light field information of the three-dimensional object through the virtual camera array, and constructing an element array image through three-dimensional software;
s2, refreshing the element array image on the display panel;
s3, converging the incident element array image through the micro-lens array, and then injecting the converged element array image onto the polymer dispersed liquid crystal film;
and S4, changing the applied voltage of the polymer dispersed liquid crystal film at a high speed to realize high-resolution three-dimensional display. A high resolution three dimensional display image may be captured by an industrial camera.
At the light field display end, the parameters of the glass type micro-lens array are as follows: the distance between two adjacent unit micro lenses is 0.15mm, the focal length of the micro lens array is 5.2mm, the number of the micro lens arrays is 60 multiplied by 60, the refractive index of the micro lens array is 1.5, and the scattering loss of the micro lens array is 0.01. The driving voltage of the PDLC film is 12Vrms, and the electric field frequency of the driving voltage is 1 KHz. The final light field display results can be captured by an industrial camera (pixel size 2.2 μm, optical size 1/2.5(CMOS, resolution 2592 pixels 1244 pixels)).
And after the display is finished, judging whether to continue to operate, if so, continuing to return to the initial state, reselecting a target three-dimensional object to acquire the light field information, and if not, ending the processing process.
When the three-dimensional result is observed by human eyes, the display result can be fused in human brain by changing the applied voltage of the polymer dispersed liquid crystal film at a high speed and the afterglow effect of the human eyes, and finally the high-resolution three-dimensional display result can be obtained. The initial driving voltage of the polymer dispersed liquid crystal film is 12Vrms, the change range of the external voltage can be randomly selected between 10Vrms and 14Vrms, the change of the transmissivity of the polymer dispersed liquid crystal film in the range is small, the external voltage of the polymer dispersed liquid crystal film is continuously refreshed, based on the afterglow effect of human eyes, a light field display result with high resolution can be finally obtained, and the change frequency of the external voltage can be kept consistent with the afterglow effect time of the human eyes. It will be appreciated that three-dimensional results may also be captured by the industrial camera in a corresponding setting.
The invention can obtain more complete three-dimensional images with higher resolution ratio through the light field display device based on the polymer dispersed liquid crystal film. The system has high potential and desirability in modern informatization applications such as three-dimensional measurement, three-dimensional display, medical detection and the like.
It will be understood that modifications and variations can be made by persons skilled in the art in light of the above teachings and all such modifications and variations are intended to be included within the scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.
Claims (8)
1. A polymer dispersed liquid crystal film is characterized by adopting a mass ratio of 55: 45 nematic liquid crystal E7 and ultraviolet photosensitive monomer NOA65, and a transmission type polymer dispersed liquid crystal film prepared by a polymer induced phase separation PIPS method.
2. The polymer-dispersed liquid crystal film according to claim 1, which is prepared by the following process:
and (2) mixing the components in a mass ratio of 55: 45 nematic liquid crystal E7 and ultraviolet photosensitive monomer NOA65 are mixed by multiple oscillations;
controlling the thickness of the mixture to be 7.5 mu m;
forming a polymer dispersed liquid crystal film under the action of an ultraviolet lamp.
3. The polymer-dispersed liquid crystal film according to claim 1, wherein the ordinary refractive index n of nematic liquid crystal E7 at 20 ℃ and 589nm ise1.7472 extraordinary refractive index no＝1.5217。
4. A high-resolution light field display system based on a polymer dispersed liquid crystal film is characterized by comprising a backlight source, a display panel, a micro-lens array and the polymer dispersed liquid crystal film;
the backlight source is positioned right on the left side of the display panel, is formed by circularly arranging one or more point-shaped light sources and is lightened simultaneously;
the display panel is used for displaying an element image array, and the element image array is an element image array formed by a plurality of image elements acquired by a light field;
the micro-lens array is formed by arranging a plurality of micro-lens photosensitive elements at equal intervals and is used for converging incident parallel light to generate a light source array with a specific propagation direction and a specific divergence angle, aperture images on the micro-lens photosensitive elements are arranged in a hexagon shape, regular conversion is carried out on hexagonal image blocks, and finally orthogonal image arrangement is obtained;
the polymer dispersed liquid crystal film according to claim 1, 2 or 3, wherein a driving voltage is applied to the outside of the polymer dispersed liquid crystal film, a three-dimensional coordinate system is established with the center of the polymer dispersed liquid crystal film as an origin, and an element image array is displayed on the polymer dispersed liquid crystal film through a microlens array to display a three-dimensional image.
5. The high resolution light field display system based on polymer dispersed liquid crystal film according to claim 4 wherein the refractive index of the microlens array is 1.5 and the scattering loss is 0.01.
6. The polymer dispersed liquid crystal film-based high-resolution light field display system according to claim 4, wherein the element image array is acquired by a virtual camera array for a designated three-dimensional object, a scene is detected before acquisition, necessary distortion inspection and correction processing are performed on a lens on the premise that the camera array can normally operate, the acquisition system is corrected, and finally a single element image array is obtained.
7. The high resolution light field display system based on the polymer dispersed liquid crystal film according to claim 4, wherein the distance between two adjacent microlenses in the microlens array is 0.15mm, the focal length of the microlens array is 5.2mm, and the number of the microlens array is 60 x 60.
8. A light field display method based on the polymer dispersed liquid crystal film based high resolution light field display system of claim 4, characterized by comprising the following steps:
acquiring light field information of a three-dimensional object through a virtual camera array, and constructing an element array image through three-dimensional software;
refreshing the element array image on the display panel;
converging the incident element array image through a micro-lens array, and then injecting the converged element array image onto a polymer dispersed liquid crystal film;
the applied voltage of the polymer dispersed liquid crystal film is changed at a high speed, and high-resolution three-dimensional display is realized.
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