CN113933997A - Near-to-eye display device based on double-channel waveguide - Google Patents
Near-to-eye display device based on double-channel waveguide Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
A near-to-eye display device based on a dual-channel waveguide comprises a projector and two layers of waveguides, wherein the projector comprises: the field angle comprises two field angles, the light rays of the two field angles respectively have corresponding polarization states, and the first polarization state and the second polarization state are orthogonal to each other; a first waveguide: the surface of the first coupling-in grating is provided with a first coupling-out grating which only reflects or transmits light with a first polarization state, so that light with a first viewing angle of the projector can propagate inside the first coupling-in grating; a second waveguide: the surface of which is provided with a second incoupling grating and a second outcoupling grating which only reflect or transmit light having a second polarization state, so that light of a second field angle of the projector can propagate inside it. The device divides the field angle into two parts through the coupling-in grating and the coupling-out grating with polarization selectivity, and the propagation angles of the field angles of the two parts in the waveguide are completely the same, so that the upper limit of the field angle is greatly improved, and the brightness uniformity at the exit pupil is ensured.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a wearable display technology facing to augmented/virtual/mixed reality, in particular to a near-to-eye display device based on a dual-channel waveguide.
Background
Near-Eye Display (NED) can bring immersion to users, which not only can improve user experience, but also can improve productivity. To achieve the immersion, the near-eye display needs to have a large Field angle (FOV). The prior art typically does this by increasing the refractive index of the waveguide or by directing light directly from the in-coupling grating to the out-coupling grating, thereby avoiding total reflection. Most of the light rays of the waveguide-based near-eye display device are always complete in the angle of view when propagating in the waveguide. The disadvantage of this type of solution is that the field angle is limited by the total reflection conditions and is usually small. The diffraction waveguide adopted by the existing HoloLens2 technology divides the field angle into two parts and propagates in two different directions respectively. The scheme can improve the field angle to a certain extent, but has the defect that the left and right field angles propagating along two different directions are difficult to coincide, so that the brightness uniformity at the exit pupil is poor.
The search of the prior art shows that chinese patent document No. CN111007589A published japanese 2020.04.14 discloses a waveguide module, a waveguide-based display module, and a near-eye display device, which are based on the principles of wavelength division multiplexing and polarization splitting, so that an optical fiber scanning module modulates a mixed light beam including at least two sets of sub-field images with different wavelengths, and further polarizes the light with specific wavelength to a coupled state through a polarization state generator, and couples the light into a corresponding waveguide through a coupling-in unit, the waveguide module includes multiple layers of waveguides, each layer of waveguides is coupled with light with different wavelength ranges, and the emergent images of the mixed light beam of the image to be displayed generated by the optical fiber scanning module after being coupled out through a waveguide module coupling-out unit are spliced to obtain the image to be displayed. However, the main problem of this prior art is that the number of light sources and waveguides required is too large: the light source comprises N groups, wherein N is an integer greater than or equal to 2, and each group of light source at least comprises R, G, B three light-emitting units; the waveguide comprises 3N layers, and each layer of waveguide corresponds to a light emitting unit of one color. This increases the complexity of the device and is not conducive to cost and yield control of the product.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above-mentioned disadvantages of the prior art, the present invention proposes a near-eye display device based on a dual-channel waveguide, in which a viewing angle is divided into two parts by an incoupling grating and an outcoupling grating having polarization selectivity, and the viewing angles of the two parts propagate in the waveguide in the same direction. Therefore, the restriction of the waveguide total reflection condition on the incident view field angle is relieved, the upper limit of the view field angle is greatly improved, and meanwhile, the brightness uniformity at the exit pupil is also ensured.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
the invention relates to a near-to-eye display device based on a dual-channel waveguide, which only consists of a projector, a first waveguide and a second waveguide, wherein:
a projector: the field angle comprises a first field angle and a second field angle, the light ray of the first field angle has a first polarization state, the light ray of the second field angle has a second polarization state, and the first polarization state and the second polarization state are orthogonal to each other;
a first waveguide: the surface of the first coupling-in grating is provided with a first coupling-out grating which only reflects or transmits light with a first polarization state, so that light with a first viewing angle of the projector can propagate inside the first coupling-in grating;
a second waveguide: the surface of which is provided with a second incoupling grating and a second outcoupling grating which only reflect or transmit light having a second polarization state, so that light of a second field angle of the projector can propagate inside it.
The angle of the light ray with the first visual angle when propagating in the first waveguide is the same as the angle of the light ray with the second visual angle when propagating in the second waveguide.
The first angle of view and the second angle of view of the projector can be output simultaneously or in a time-sharing manner.
The first polarization state and the second polarization state are linearly polarized light or circularly polarized light.
The first waveguide and the second waveguide are composed of a plurality of planes, curved surfaces or surfaces with any shapes.
The first incoupling grating and the first outcoupling grating are cholesteric liquid crystal gratings, and only the first incoupling grating and the first outcoupling grating are reflectedLight of polarization state with central wavelength lambda of reflection spectrumBAnd angle of incidence thetaiSatisfies the following conditions:
wherein: m is diffraction order, p is chiral period of liquid crystal, neAnd noRespectively, the extraordinary and ordinary refractive indices of the liquid crystal.
The second incoupling grating and the second outcoupling grating are cholesteric liquid crystal gratings, only reflect the light with the second polarization state, and the central wavelength lambda of the reflection spectrumBAnd angle of incidence thetaiSatisfies the following conditions:
wherein: m is diffraction order, p is chiral period of liquid crystal, neAnd noRespectively, the extraordinary and ordinary refractive indices of the liquid crystal.
The first coupling-in grating, the first coupling-out grating, the second coupling-in grating and the second coupling-out grating have a multi-period structure, so that a wider spectrum is covered.
The first coupling-out grating and the second coupling-out grating are both composed of single or a plurality of sub-gratings, wherein: the position, grating vector and diffraction efficiency of each sub-grating can be independently adjusted, so that uniform exit pupil expansion is realized.
The minimum angle theta of the light ray with the first visual angle when propagating in the first waveguideminCritical angle for total reflection, maximum angle thetamaxSatisfies the following conditions:
wherein: w1Is the length, D, of the first out-coupling grating1Is the thickness, N, of the first waveguide1Is the number of total reflections that occur at the first outcoupling grating.
The minimum angle theta of the light ray with the second visual field angle is in the second waveguideminCritical angle for total reflection, maximum angle thetamaxSatisfies the following conditions:
wherein: w2Is the length, D, of the second out-coupling grating2Is the thickness, N, of the second waveguide2Is the number of total reflections occurring at the second outcoupling grating.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a diagram of a grating layout of an embodiment;
FIG. 3 is a wave vector diagram of an embodiment;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the angle of view, exit pupil distance, and exit pupil of an embodiment;
FIG. 5 is a graph of wavelength versus reflectivity for an example grating;
FIG. 6 is a graph of incident angle (relative to the grating normal) versus reflectivity for an example grating;
FIG. 7 is a ray trace diagram of an embodiment;
fig. 8 is a luminance distribution diagram of the exit pupil region after the exit pupil expansion or the duplication according to the embodiment.
Detailed Description
As shown in fig. 1, the present embodiment relates to a near-eye display device based on a dual-channel waveguide, which includes:
the projector 101: the field angles of the two-dimensional optical system comprise a first field angle 102 and a second field angle 103, the light ray of the first field angle 102 has a first polarization state, the light ray of the second field angle 103 has a second polarization state, and the first polarization state and the second polarization state are orthogonal to each other;
first waveguide 201: the surface of which is prepared with a first in-coupling grating 202 and a first out-coupling grating 203 that only reflect light with a first polarization state, so that light of the first field angle 102 of the projector 101 can propagate inside thereof;
second waveguide 301: the surfaces thereof are prepared with a second incoupling grating 302 and a second outcoupling grating 303 that reflect only light having the second polarization state, so that light of the second field angle 103 of the projector 101 can propagate inside thereof.
The first and second incoupling gratings 202 and 302 and the first and second outcoupled lightsThe gratings 203, 303 are preferably cholesteric liquid crystal gratings, reflecting only light of a first or second polarization state, with a central wavelength λ of the reflection spectrumBAnd angle of incidence thetaiSatisfies the following conditions:
wherein: m is diffraction order, p is chiral period of liquid crystal, neAnd noRespectively, the extraordinary and ordinary refractive indices of the liquid crystal.
Preferably, the first and second angles of view 102, 103 of the projector 101 are simultaneous outputs.
Preferably, the first polarization state is left circularly polarized light and the second polarization state is right circularly polarized light.
Preferably, the first waveguide 201 and the second waveguide 301 are each composed of a plurality of planes;
preferably, the first incoupling grating 202, the first outcoupling grating 203, the second incoupling grating 302 and the second outcoupling grating 303 have a multi-periodic structure, thereby covering a wider spectrum.
As shown in fig. 2, the first outcoupling grating 203 and the second outcoupling grating 303 each include five independent sub-gratings, that is, the position, grating vector, and diffraction efficiency of each sub-grating can be individually adjusted, so as to achieve uniform exit pupil expansion.
The specific workflow of this embodiment is described as follows: light rays of the first and second angles of view 102 and 103 emitted from the projector 101 are incident into the first waveguide 201. The light rays at the first field angle 102 have a first polarization state, i.e., left circularly polarized light. The light at the second field angle 103 has a second polarization state, i.e., right-handed circularly polarized light. When the light of the first field Angle 102 is incident on the first incoupling grating 202, it will be reflected by it, and the reflection Angle should satisfy the total reflection condition, i.e. not less than the Critical Angle (θ)c). Therefore, the light rays of the first field angle 102 continue to propagate within the first waveguide 201 by way of multiple total reflections. When the light rays of the first field angle 102 are incident on the first outcoupling grating 203, they will undergo multiple reflections and leave the first waveguide 201. Since the first outcoupling grating 203 has fiveEach sub-grating having a different efficiency. Thus, it can be ensured that the exit pupil of the first field angle 102 is expanded or replicated as uniformly as possible. On the other hand, when the light ray of the second field angle 103 is incident on the first incoupling grating 202, it can be directly transmitted therethrough. Subsequently, the light of the second field angle 103 will be incident into the second waveguide 301. When the light of the second field angle 103 enters the second incoupling grating 302, it will be reflected by it, and the reflection angle should satisfy the total reflection condition, i.e. not less than the critical angle. Therefore, the light rays of the second field angle 103 continue to propagate within the second waveguide 301 by way of multiple total reflections. When the light rays of the second field angle 103 are incident on the second outcoupling grating 303, they will undergo multiple reflections and leave the second waveguide 301. Since the second outcoupling grating 303 has five sub-gratings, wherein: the position of each sub-grating, the grating vector and the diffraction efficiency can be adjusted individually. Thus, it can be ensured that the exit pupil of the second field angle 103 is expanded or replicated as uniformly as possible. When light rays with the second field angle 103 are incident on the first outcoupling grating 203, they can be directly transmitted therethrough. The light rays of the second field of view 103 will then leave the first waveguide 201 and combine with the light rays of the first field of view 102 to a complete field of view, meaning that the human eye can see a complete image of the projector 101.
As shown in fig. 3, the Wave Vector of the first viewing angle 102 in the air (Wave Vector Domain, abbreviated as k-Domain) and the Wave Vector of the second viewing angle 103 in the air after entering the first waveguide 201 or the second waveguide 301 completely coincide with each other, that is, the angle of the light ray of the first viewing angle 102 propagating inside the first waveguide 201 is the same as the angle of the light ray of the second viewing angle 103 propagating inside the second waveguide 301.
Further, the minimum angle θ of the light ray of the first field angle 102 when propagating inside the first waveguide 201minCritical angle for total reflection, and maximum angle thetamaxSatisfies the following conditions:
wherein: w1Is the length, D, of the first out-coupling grating 2031Is the thickness, N, of the first waveguide 2011To emit light at the first coupling-outThe number of total reflections occurring on gate 203.
On the other hand, the minimum angle θ of the light ray of the second field angle 103 when propagating inside the second waveguide 301minCritical angle for total reflection, and maximum angle thetamaxSatisfies the following conditions:
wherein: w2Is the length of the second outcoupling grating 303, D2 is the thickness of the second waveguide 301, N2Is the number of total reflections occurring at the second outcoupling grating 303.
As shown in fig. 4, if the distance between the first waveguide 201 and the second waveguide 301 is neglected, the correlation of the Field angle (FOV), Exit Pupil distance (ER) and Exit Pupil (EP) of the device in the horizontal or vertical direction is:
wherein: n isairIs the refractive index of air, nwgIs the refractive index of the first waveguide 201 or the second waveguide 301. When n isair＝1.00028、nwg＝1.91048、W1＝W 240 mm, D1When D2 is 1.67 mm, FOV is 80 degrees, ER is 10 mm, and EP is 21.43 mm.
Compared with the prior similar technical scheme, the technical innovation of the invention is mainly as follows: first, the principle of view angle division is different. Taking waveguide type near-eye display devices such as HoloLens 1, Magic Leap One, wave optics Titan and the like as examples, the field angle of the waveguide type near-eye display devices is always kept complete in the process of being coupled into and out of the waveguide. Taking a waveguide type near-eye display device such as HoloLens2 as an example, the viewing angle is divided into two parts in the process of being coupled into and out of the waveguide, and the viewing angles of the two parts propagate in different directions. In the present arrangement, the field angle is already distinguished on the projector 101 by two mutually orthogonal polarization states, the so-called dual channel, before the coupling into the waveguide. Therefore, the first and second viewing angles 102 and 103 with different polarization states can be coupled in and out by the first and second waveguides 201 and 301, respectively, and the angle of the light ray of the first viewing angle 102 propagating inside the first waveguide 201 is the same as the angle of the light ray of the second viewing angle 103 propagating inside the second waveguide 301.
Second, the grating characteristics are different. For example, waveguide type near-eye display devices such as HoloLens 1, Magic Leap One, WaveOptics Titan, and HoloLens2 have no polarization selectivity in the coupling-in and coupling-out gratings. A prior art (disclosed in CN 111007589A) waveguide type near-eye display device is exemplified, in which the in-coupling grating has polarization selectivity, and the out-coupling grating does not have polarization selectivity. The first in-coupling grating 202, the first out-coupling grating 203, the second in-coupling grating 302 and the second out-coupling grating 303 in this embodiment have polarization selectivity.
As shown in table 1, cholesteric liquid crystal grating parameters with three different periods are listed, wherein: including the corresponding color, bragg wavelength, thickness, chiral period, and thickness to period ratio. The calculation method of the cholesteric liquid crystal grating adopts a 4 multiplied by 4 matrix method. For the wavelength bandwidth of the grating, the present embodiment calculates the reflectivity for different wavelengths, as shown in fig. 5. It can be seen from the figure that the bandwidths corresponding to the red/green/blue lights with the reflectivities of 45% -50% are 47/40/34nm, respectively, which are similar to the bandwidths of Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs). This means that a single layer waveguide, i.e., the first waveguide 201 or the second waveguide 301, prepared with cholesteric liquid crystal gratings having three different periods can realize color display, thereby reducing the number of waveguides. For the angular bandwidth of the grating, the present embodiment calculates the reflectivity for different angles of incidence (relative to the grating normal), as shown in fig. 6. It can be seen that the red/green/blue light corresponds to an angular bandwidth of 50/52/52 degrees at 45% -50% reflectivity, respectively.
TABLE 1
In an optical simulation of VirtualLab Fusion, the location of the extended or replicated exit pupil can be determined by tracing rays of the central field of view, as shown in figure 7.Wherein: the entrance pupil is circular in shape and 4mm in diameter. To make the expanded or replicated exit pupil uniformly distributed, the normalized efficiency of the zeroth order reflection (R0) and first order reflection (R1) of the incoupling or outcoupling grating, respectively, can be optimally adjusted, as shown in table 2. The intensity distribution at the exit pupil after optimization can be analyzed by calculating the magnitude of the electromagnetic field at the Detector plane, as shown in fig. 8. Uniformity (Uniformity) can be calculated from the following formula
Defined, wherein: i ismaxAnd IminRepresenting maximum and minimum brightness, respectively. The brightness of the overlapping area between the different exit pupils is processed using interference superposition. Through simulation calculation, in this embodiment, Imax＝0.2337V2/m2，Imin＝0.1510V2/m2The uniformity was 79%.
TABLE 2
| Grating numbering | R0 efficiency (%) | R1 efficiency (%) |
| Coupling grating (In-coupling) | 100 | 0 |
| Coupled-out sub-grating 1(01) | 89.687 | 10.313 |
| Coupled sub-grating 2(O2) | 90.260 | 9.740 |
| Coupled-out sub-grating 3(03) | 89.521 | 10.479 |
| Coupled-out sub-grating 4(04) | 88.285 | 11.715 |
| Coupled-out sub-grating 5(05) | 72.735 | 27.265 |
In conclusion, the device can relieve the limitation of the waveguide total reflection condition on the field angle to a certain extent, and simultaneously can remarkably improve the brightness uniformity of the exit pupil because the propagation angles of the field angles of the two channels in the waveguide are completely the same.
The foregoing embodiments may be modified in many different ways by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, which is defined by the appended claims and all changes that come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are therefore intended to be embraced therein.
Claims (10)
1. A near-to-eye display device based on a dual channel waveguide, consisting of only a projector, a first waveguide and a second waveguide, wherein:
a projector: the field angle comprises a first field angle and a second field angle, the light ray of the first field angle has a first polarization state, the light ray of the second field angle has a second polarization state, and the first polarization state and the second polarization state are orthogonal to each other;
a first waveguide: the surface of the first coupling-in grating is provided with a first coupling-out grating which only reflects or transmits light with a first polarization state, so that light with a first viewing angle of the projector can propagate inside the first coupling-in grating;
a second waveguide: a second incoupling grating and a second outcoupling grating, the surfaces of which are prepared to reflect or transmit only light having a second polarization state, so that light of a second angle of view of the projector can propagate inside thereof;
the angle of the light ray with the first visual angle when propagating in the first waveguide is the same as the angle of the light ray with the second visual angle when propagating in the second waveguide.
2. The dual channel waveguide-based near-to-eye display device of claim 1, wherein the first and second viewing angles of the projector are output simultaneously or in a time-shared manner.
3. The dual channel waveguide-based near-to-eye display device of claim 1, wherein the first and second polarization states are linearly polarized light or circularly polarized light.
4. The dual channel waveguide-based near-to-eye display device of claim 1, wherein the first waveguide and the second waveguide are comprised of a plurality of planar, curved, or arbitrarily shaped surfaces.
5. The dual channel waveguide-based near-to-eye display device of claim 1 wherein the first incoupling grating and the first outcoupling grating are cholesteric liquid crystal gratings reflecting only light of the first polarization state and having a reflection spectrum with a center wavelength λBAnd angle of incidence thetaiSatisfies the following conditions:
wherein: m is diffraction order, p is chiral period of liquid crystal, neAnd noRespectively, the extraordinary and ordinary refractive indices of the liquid crystal.
6. The near-to-eye display device of claim 1 wherein the second incoupling grating and the second outcoupling grating are cholesteric liquid crystal gratings reflecting only light of the second polarization state with a central wavelength λ of the reflection spectrumBAnd angle of incidence thetaiSatisfies the following conditions:
wherein: m is diffraction order, p is chiral period of liquid crystal, neAnd noRespectively, the extraordinary and ordinary refractive indices of the liquid crystal.
7. The two-channel waveguide-based near-to-eye display device of claim 1, wherein the first in-coupling grating, the first out-coupling grating, the second in-coupling grating and the second out-coupling grating have a multi-period structure, thereby covering a wider spectrum of light.
8. The two-channel waveguide-based near-to-eye display device of claim 1, wherein the first outcoupling grating and the second outcoupling grating are each composed of a single or a plurality of sub-gratings, wherein: the position, grating vector and diffraction efficiency of each sub-grating can be independently adjusted, so that uniform exit pupil expansion is realized.
9. The dual channel waveguide-based near-to-eye display device of claim 1 wherein the minimum angle θ for the first field of view ray propagating within the first waveguide isminCritical angle for total reflection, maximum angle thetamaxSatisfies the following conditions:
wherein: w1Is the length, D, of the first out-coupling grating1Is the thickness, N, of the first waveguide1Is the number of total reflections that occur at the first outcoupling grating.
10. The dual channel waveguide-based near-to-eye display device of claim 1 wherein the minimum angle θ for light rays at the second field of view as they travel within the second waveguideminCritical angle for total reflection, maximum angle thetamaxSatisfies the following conditions:
wherein: w2Is the length, D, of the second out-coupling grating2Is the thickness, N, of the second waveguide2Is the number of total reflections occurring at the second outcoupling grating.
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Application publication date: 20220114 |
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