CN113933527A - Particle speed discriminator and discrimination method - Google Patents
Particle speed discriminator and discrimination method Download PDFInfo
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- CN113933527A CN113933527A CN202010615535.5A CN202010615535A CN113933527A CN 113933527 A CN113933527 A CN 113933527A CN 202010615535 A CN202010615535 A CN 202010615535A CN 113933527 A CN113933527 A CN 113933527A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01P—MEASURING LINEAR OR ANGULAR SPEED, ACCELERATION, DECELERATION, OR SHOCK; INDICATING PRESENCE, ABSENCE, OR DIRECTION, OF MOVEMENT
- G01P3/00—Measuring linear or angular speed; Measuring differences of linear or angular speeds
- G01P3/02—Devices characterised by the use of mechanical means
- G01P3/04—Devices characterised by the use of mechanical means by comparing two speeds
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Abstract
The invention discloses a particle speed discriminator and a discrimination method, which discriminate particles with different speeds by utilizing two coaxially rotating slits. In the particle flow passing through the first slit, only particles meeting a specific speed can pass through the second slit, so that the screening of the particles with the specific speed is completed. The magnetic suspension detector comprises an incident slit, an emergent slit, a diaphragm, magnetic suspension bearings, a rotating shaft and a detector, wherein the magnetic suspension bearings are respectively installed at two ends of the rotating shaft, and the detector is arranged on the outer side of one end of the rotating shaft. An emergent slit, an incident slit and a diaphragm are sequentially arranged along the axial direction of the rotating shaft. The beneficial effects are that: the method can screen particles with specific speed and reduce or eliminate the influence of non-target particles on signals. Particularly, when neutral particles are screened, the neutral particles do not need to be ionized in advance, and the complexity of the system is reduced. The particles with different speeds can be screened by adjusting the rotating speed omega, the slit distance L and the included angle theta between the slits.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of particle detection, and particularly relates to a particle speed discriminator and a discrimination method thereof.
Background
The human understanding of the material world has evolved continuously, owing to the mutual promotion of experiments and theories, and owing to the continuous construction and development of particle accelerators and particle detectors. In addition to the physics of the structure of a substance, particle detection technology has many applications in the national economy field, such as nuclear power plant for measuring reactor power by measuring nuclear reactor neutron flux, medical measurement of human physiological indexes by isotope tracing, and the like.
In studying the high temperature plasma generated by a fusion device, plasma parameters can be inferred by measuring and analyzing various particles emitted by the plasma. Particles that leak from the plasma include ions, electrons, neutrals, neutrons, photons, and the like. When certain particles (such as high-energy particles) are detected and researched, if the particle screening device is not provided, the particles enter the detector, and the influence of non-target particles is difficult to eliminate, so that the data analysis is difficult and the reliability of the result is high. Therefore, in conducting a probing study of a certain particle, there is a need for a device that distinguishes the target particle by particle, so as to reduce or eliminate the effect of other particles.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a particle speed discriminator and a discrimination method, which are used for discriminating particles with different speeds by utilizing two coaxially rotating slits. In the particle flow passing through the first slit, only particles meeting a specific speed can pass through the second slit, so that the screening of the particles with the specific speed is completed.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: the particle speed discriminator comprises an incident slit, an emergent slit, a diaphragm, magnetic suspension bearings, a rotating shaft and a detector, wherein the magnetic suspension bearings are respectively installed at two ends of the rotating shaft, and the detector is arranged on the outer side of one end of the rotating shaft.
An emergent slit, an incident slit and a diaphragm are sequentially arranged along the axial direction of the rotating shaft.
The distance between the entrance slit and the exit slit is L.
The included angle between the incident slit and the emergent slit is theta.
A particle speed discrimination method comprises the following steps:
step 1: adjusting the distance L between the entrance slit and the exit slit and the included angle theta, and setting the rotation speed omega of the rotating shaft according to a formula
The calculated particle velocity v meets the requirements of a user;
step 2: placing a particle speed discriminator in the advancing direction of a particle swarm to be discriminated;
and step 3: starting the particle speed discriminator to enable the rotating shaft to rotate at a high speed, and simultaneously starting a detector power supply;
and 4, step 4: and the detector receives the particles with the velocity v and outputs signals to the outside to finish the discrimination of the particles with the velocity v in the particle swarm to be discriminated.
In the step 2, the rotating shaft is parallel to the advancing direction of the particles, and the diaphragm faces the advancing direction of the particle swarm.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the method can screen particles with specific speed and reduce or eliminate the influence of non-target particles on signals. Particularly, when neutral particles are screened, the neutral particles do not need to be ionized in advance, and the complexity of the system is reduced. The particles with different speeds can be screened by adjusting the rotating speed omega, the slit distance L and the included angle theta between the slits.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of components of a particle velocity discriminator provided by the present invention at time 0;
FIG. 2 shows a particle velocity discriminator provided by the present invention with parts at t0Schematic diagram of time;
fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of components of a particle velocity discriminator at time t according to the present invention.
In the figure, 1 an entrance slit, 2 an exit slit, 3 a diaphragm, 4 a magnetic suspension bearing, 5 a rotating shaft and 6 a detector.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the figures and the embodiments.
Various particles emitted from the fusion plasma have different speeds, and target particles (such as high-energy particles) can be screened out by using the characteristic, so that the influence of other particles is reduced or eliminated, and the reliability of an experimental result is improved. The particle speed discriminator provided by the invention is used for discriminating particles with different speeds according to the characteristics.
The particle speed discriminator, namely the particle speed discriminator, can discriminate particles with specific speed. The invention adopts the following mode: two slits which rotate coaxially, are spaced at a certain distance and form a certain angle with each other are utilized, so that the particles with the specific speed passing through the first slit just pass through the second slit after moving for a certain distance, and then the screening of the particles with the specific speed is completed. The particles with different speeds can be screened by adjusting the rotating speed, the distance between the slits and the included angle between the two slits.
The particle velocity discrimination method utilizing the particle velocity discriminator provided by the invention comprises the following steps
Step 1: adjusting the distance L between the entrance slit 1 and the exit slit 2 and the included angle theta, and setting the rotation speed omega of the rotating shaft in the control system according to a formula
The calculated particle velocity v meets the requirements of the user.
Step 2: and placing the particle speed discriminator in the advancing direction of the particle swarm to be discriminated, wherein the rotating shaft is parallel to the advancing direction of the particles, and the diaphragm faces the advancing direction of the particle swarm.
And step 3: and starting the particle speed discriminator to enable the rotating shaft to rotate at a high speed, and simultaneously starting the detector power supply.
And 4, step 4: and the detector receives the particles with the velocity v and outputs signals to the outside, so that the discrimination of the particles with the velocity v in the particle swarm to be discriminated is completed.
As shown in fig. 1 to 3, a particle velocity discriminator includes an entrance slit 1, an exit slit 2, a diaphragm 3, magnetic bearings 4, a rotating shaft 5 and a detector 6, the magnetic bearings 4 are respectively installed at two ends of the rotating shaft 5, the detector 6 is installed at the outer side of one end of the rotating shaft, and the exit slit 2, the entrance slit 1 and the diaphragm 3 are sequentially installed along the axial direction of the rotating shaft 5. The distance between the incident slit 1 and the emergent slit 2 is L, and the included angle is theta;
as shown in fig. 1: at the time 0, the particle swarm emitted from the particle source passes through the diaphragm 3 and then reaches the entrance slit 1, at this time, the entrance slit 1 and the exit slit 2 fixed on the rotating shaft 5 rotate counterclockwise at the angular velocity ω, the entrance slit 1 is in a vertical state, the exit slit 2 is not yet rotated to the vertical state, and the included angle between the exit slit 2 and the entrance slit is θ.
As shown in fig. 2: elapsed time t0After that, the particles A, B, C each enter the space between the entrance slit 1 and the exit slit 2. The particles a are the fastest and have reached the exit slit support, but are blocked by the exit slit support because the exit slit 2 has not yet turned in the vertical direction and cannot reach the detector 6 through the exit slit. Particles B and C still move towards the exit slit support at the respective velocities when passing through the entrance slit.
As shown in fig. 3: after time t, when the exit slit 2 has reached the vertical position, the particle B with velocity v passing through the entrance slit 1 just reaches the exit slit 2 and can pass through the exit slit 2 to enter the detector 6. At this time, the particle a has been reflected by the exit slit support and moved toward the entrance slit 1, and the particle C has not yet reached the exit slit support. This completes the discrimination of the particle B having the velocity v among the particles A, B, C passing through the entrance slit 1.
The core of the particle speed discriminator comprises an entrance slit 1, an exit slit 2, a rotating shaft 5 and a magnetic suspension bearing 4. The entrance slit 1 and the exit slit 2 are fixed on a rotating shaft 5 through corresponding supporting pieces, and the rotating shaft 5 is supported by a magnetic suspension bearing 4. The distance between the incident slit 1 and the emergent slit 2 is L, the included angle is theta, and the rotating speed of the rotating shaft is omega.
When the incident particle group reaches the diaphragm 3, only the particles with the speed direction parallel to the axis of the rotating shaft can pass through, and the diaphragm 3 has the collimation effect.
When the entrance slit 1 rotates to an angle of 0 degrees with the diaphragm 3, the particle (A, B, C in the schematic diagram) passing through the diaphragm can enter a speed discrimination interval between the entrance slit 1 and the exit slit 2 through the entrance slit 1.
Elapsed time t0After that, the entrance slit 1 and the exit slit 2 are both rotated by θ0At this time, the particle a with the highest speed reaches the exit slit 2 support after passing through the path L, but the exit slit 2 is not yet rotated to the vertical position, and the particle a cannot pass through the exit slit 2 and is blocked by the exit slit support. The particles B and C have not yet reached the exit slit support and move in the velocity discrimination interval toward the exit slit support at the velocity at which they each pass through the entrance slit.
After time t, the angle between the exit slit 2 and the diaphragm 3 is 0 degrees, the particle B just arrives at the exit slit 2, the particle a is rebounded by the exit slit support and moves toward the entrance slit support, and the particle C does not yet arrive at the exit slit support and still moves toward the exit slit support at the speed when passing through the entrance slit 1. The two equations simultaneously cancel t by making the angle θ of the exit slit 2 equal to ω t and making the path L of the particle B having the velocity v equal to vt, and it is understood that the velocity of the particle B which can be received by the detector 6 through the exit slit 2 is equal to t
(particles below this velocity or above this velocity are blocked by the exit slit support and cannot enter the detector).
The above is the principle of the particle velocity discriminator, and L is 1m, and ω is 1 × 104r/min, theta is 30, and the speed v of the particles which can be discriminated by the discriminator can be calculated to be 2 multiplied by 103m/s。
Claims (6)
1. A particle velocity discriminator, characterized by: the device comprises an incident slit, an emergent slit, a diaphragm, magnetic suspension bearings, a rotating shaft and a detector, wherein the magnetic suspension bearings are respectively installed at two ends of the rotating shaft, and the detector is arranged on the outer side of one end of the rotating shaft.
2. The particle velocity discriminator of claim 1, wherein: an emergent slit, an incident slit and a diaphragm are sequentially arranged along the axial direction of the rotating shaft.
3. The particle velocity discriminator of claim 1, wherein: the distance between the entrance slit and the exit slit is L.
4. The particle velocity discriminator of claim 1, wherein: the included angle between the incident slit and the emergent slit is theta.
5. A method for particle velocity discrimination, comprising the steps of:
step 1: adjusting the distance L between the entrance slit and the exit slit and the included angle theta, and setting the rotation speed omega of the rotating shaft according to a formula
The calculated particle velocity v meets the requirements of a user;
step 2: placing a particle speed discriminator in the advancing direction of a particle swarm to be discriminated;
and step 3: starting the particle speed discriminator to enable the rotating shaft to rotate at a high speed, and simultaneously starting a detector power supply;
and 4, step 4: and the detector receives the particles with the velocity v and outputs signals to the outside to finish the discrimination of the particles with the velocity v in the particle swarm to be discriminated.
6. The particle velocity screening method of claim 5, wherein: in the step 2, the rotating shaft is parallel to the advancing direction of the particles, and the diaphragm faces the advancing direction of the particle swarm.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202010615535.5A CN113933527A (en) | 2020-06-29 | 2020-06-29 | Particle speed discriminator and discrimination method |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202010615535.5A CN113933527A (en) | 2020-06-29 | 2020-06-29 | Particle speed discriminator and discrimination method |
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| CN113933527A true CN113933527A (en) | 2022-01-14 |
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Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH1031027A (en) * | 1996-07-15 | 1998-02-03 | Ricoh Co Ltd | Rotating speed detecting device |
| CN1863936A (en) * | 2003-10-10 | 2006-11-15 | 独立行政法人科学技术振兴机构 | Film deposition apparatus having hole-like rotary filter plate for capturing fine particles, and film deposition method |
| CN103471748A (en) * | 2013-08-09 | 2013-12-25 | 西北农林科技大学 | Raindrop kinetic energy determination apparatus |
| CN109387654A (en) * | 2018-12-06 | 2019-02-26 | 济南大学 | It is a kind of to carry out the method and device that shot-peening tests the speed using associated rotary motion |
| CN109406817A (en) * | 2018-12-06 | 2019-03-01 | 济南大学 | A kind of method and device using rotary motion test shot peening velocity |
-
2020
- 2020-06-29 CN CN202010615535.5A patent/CN113933527A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH1031027A (en) * | 1996-07-15 | 1998-02-03 | Ricoh Co Ltd | Rotating speed detecting device |
| CN1863936A (en) * | 2003-10-10 | 2006-11-15 | 独立行政法人科学技术振兴机构 | Film deposition apparatus having hole-like rotary filter plate for capturing fine particles, and film deposition method |
| CN103471748A (en) * | 2013-08-09 | 2013-12-25 | 西北农林科技大学 | Raindrop kinetic energy determination apparatus |
| CN109387654A (en) * | 2018-12-06 | 2019-02-26 | 济南大学 | It is a kind of to carry out the method and device that shot-peening tests the speed using associated rotary motion |
| CN109406817A (en) * | 2018-12-06 | 2019-03-01 | 济南大学 | A kind of method and device using rotary motion test shot peening velocity |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| 高著秀: "等离子体驱动微小碎片加速器上碎片按速度的筛选", 《科技创新导报》 * |
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Application publication date: 20220114 |