CN113933331A

CN113933331A - Method and device for determining formation stage of stratum and storage medium

Info

Publication number: CN113933331A
Application number: CN202111119781.2A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 董虎; 吴国强; 马克; 苏睿; 李龙生
Original assignee: Shuyan Technology Co ltd
Current assignee: Shuyan Technology Co ltd
Priority date: 2021-09-24
Filing date: 2021-09-24
Publication date: 2022-01-14

Abstract

The embodiment of the invention discloses a method, a device and a storage medium for determining a stratum diagenesis stage, wherein the method comprises the following steps: acquiring a first image and a second image of an electron microscope sheet to be analyzed; the first image and the second image are scanning electron microscope images with different resolutions; analyzing the first image by using a first processing method to obtain the mineral distribution characteristics of the stratum overall; obtaining quantitative mineral characteristics for the electron microscope sheet by using a second processing method; determining a first processing result based on the mineral distribution characteristics and the mineral quantitative characteristics; the first processing result includes: overall mineral type, mineral content distribution, mineral contact relationship; analyzing the second image by using a third processing method to obtain a second processing result; the second processing result includes: authigenic mineral type, authigenic mineral content distribution, authigenic mineral contact relation, diagenesis environment and mineral cause type; and the first processing result and the second processing result are used for determining the formation stage of the stratum.

Description

Method and device for determining formation stage of stratum and storage medium

Technical Field

The application relates to the technical field of petroleum and natural gas exploration and development, in particular to a method and a device for analyzing a stratum diagenetic stage and a storage medium.

Background

In a clastic rock oil and gas reservoir, diagenesis has a great influence on the reservoir performance and the permeability performance of the reservoir, so that diagenesis stage analysis of the clastic rock reservoir greatly contributes to the analysis and prediction of the reservoir performance. The method is important for clastic rock reservoir diagenetic stage analysis. From a cause perspective, the pores and throats necessary for hydrocarbon storage and migration are actually formed at different stages of the burial under the control of a plurality of different types of diagenesis, and therefore, the storage performance of the clastic rock reservoir has strong dependence on the division of diagenesis stages.

In the clastic reservoir diagenesis staging, several methods have been proposed. For example, a method in which an X-ray diffraction (XRD) method is combined with a cast flake, and a method in which a scanning electron microscope is combined with a cast flake.

The method comprises the steps of analyzing a diagenetic evolution stage by combining an XRD method and a cast body slice, mainly determining the type and the content of minerals by using the XRD method, observing a contact relation between the minerals through the cast body slice, and analyzing the diagenetic evolution stage of the clastic rock according to the type and diagenetic characteristics of the minerals. However, the obtained mineral types and contents of the method are different from those of the cast slice in the characterization scale, the cast slice is characterized by a two-dimensional result, the XRD method is characterized by three-dimensional mineral matter contents, and the judgment of mineral contact relationship is different from the actual condition.

The method combines a scanning electron microscope and a casting body slice to determine microscopic occurrence characteristics of different types of minerals, uses the scanning electron microscope and energy spectrum analysis as important supplements, deduces the formation sequence, mineral type and the like of the minerals, comprehensively judges the mineral type, contact relation, formation sequence and formation reason, and further comprehensively analyzes and judges the clastic rock reservoir diagenetic stage. However, this method has disadvantages in that: (1) the field of view of the scanning electron microscope is limited, only mineral types in a specific field of view can be observed, the difference with the two-dimensional rock sheet casting body sheet field of view is large, and the whole body is difficult to be inferred locally; (2) the result of quantitative characterization of minerals still has certain difference from the mineral type and plane distribution of flake distribution; (3) the mineral contact relation can only be judged by combining an electron microscope energy spectrum with manual judgment, and certain errors exist depending on manual analysis.

In summary, although the above methods achieve certain effects in the clastic rock diagenesis stage division, since the methods perform manual estimation on parameters such as transformation between minerals, pore types, size distribution and the like through observation under a mirror, the accuracy of the analysis result of the clastic rock reservoir diagenesis stage obtained based on manual mineral transformation analysis needs to be further improved.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to solve the related technical problems, embodiments of the present application provide a method and an apparatus for determining a formation phase of a formation, a communication device, and a storage medium.

The technical scheme of the embodiment of the application is realized as follows:

the embodiment of the invention provides a method for determining a stratum diagenesis stage, which comprises the following steps:

acquiring a first image and a second image of an electron microscope sheet to be analyzed; the first image and the second image are scanning electron microscope images with different resolutions;

analyzing the first image by using a first processing method to obtain the overall mineral distribution characteristics of the stratum; obtaining quantitative mineral characteristics for the electron microscope sheet by using a second processing method; determining a first processing result based on the mineral distribution characteristics and the mineral quantitative characteristics; the first processing result comprises: overall mineral type, mineral content distribution, mineral contact relationship;

analyzing the second image by using a third processing method to obtain a second processing result; the second processing result includes: authigenic mineral type, authigenic mineral content distribution, authigenic mineral contact relation, diagenesis environment and mineral cause type;

and the first processing result and the second processing result are used for determining a formation stage.

In the foregoing solution, the analyzing the first image by using the first processing method to obtain a mineral distribution characteristic includes: determining regions corresponding to different minerals according to the gray values of different regions in the first image;

the obtaining of the quantitative mineral characteristics for the electron microscope sheet by using a second processing method comprises the following steps: identifying the type of mineral elements in the electron microscope sheet by using a QEMSCAN mineral quantitative analysis method, and determining the quantitative characteristics of the mineral in the electron microscope sheet; the mineral quantification characteristics include at least: mineral type, mineral content distribution;

correspondingly, the determining a first processing result based on the mineral distribution characteristic and the mineral quantitative characteristic comprises:

and determining the general mineral type, mineral content distribution and mineral contact relation included in the electron microscope sheet according to the regions corresponding to the different minerals and the quantitative mineral characteristics.

In the above scheme, the second image is a locally enlarged image of the first image; the second image exhibits the following mineral diagenesis characteristics:

autogenous mineral type, mineral content distribution within pores and/or fractures;

the filling degree, the filling sequence and the filling period of the mineral filling in the pores and/or the cracks are repeated;

the occurrence sequence of mineral cementation and erosion in pores and/or cracks;

the order of formation of autogenous minerals within the pores and/or fractures.

In the foregoing solution, the analyzing the second image by using the third processing method to obtain a second processing result includes:

according to a preset first rule, determining the authigenic mineral type, the authigenic mineral content distribution, the authigenic mineral contact relation, the authigenic action environment of the mineral and the mineral cause type based on the second image and the mineral diagenesis characteristics presented by QEMSCAN mineral analysis of the same vision field with the second image.

In the above scheme, the method further comprises:

according to a preset second rule, determining a formation rock stage based on at least one of the diagenesis environment of minerals, the authigenic mineral type, the total mineral type, the mineral cause type, the authigenic mineral content distribution, the mineral content distribution and the mineral contact relationship.

The embodiment of the invention provides a device for determining a diagenetic stage of a stratum, which comprises:

the first processing module is used for acquiring a first image and a second image of the electron microscope sheet to be analyzed; the first image and the second image are scanning electron microscope images with different resolutions;

the second processing module is used for analyzing the first image by using a first processing method to obtain the mineral distribution characteristics of the stratum overall; obtaining quantitative mineral characteristics for the electron microscope sheet by using a second processing method; determining a first processing result based on the mineral distribution characteristics and the mineral quantitative characteristics; the first processing result comprises: overall mineral type, mineral content distribution, mineral contact relationship;

the third processing module is used for analyzing the second image by using a third processing method to obtain a second processing result; the second processing result includes: authigenic mineral type, authigenic mineral content distribution, authigenic mineral contact relation, diagenesis environment and mineral cause type;

In the above scheme, the second processing module is configured to determine regions corresponding to different minerals according to gray values of different regions in the first image;

identifying the type of mineral elements in the electron microscope sheet by using a QEMSCAN mineral quantitative analysis method, and determining the quantitative characteristics of the mineral in the electron microscope sheet; the mineral quantification characteristics include at least: mineral type, mineral content distribution;

In the above scheme, the third processing module is configured to determine, according to a preset first rule, a authigenic mineral type, an authigenic mineral content distribution, an authigenic mineral contact relationship, a mineral diagenesis environment, and a mineral cause type based on the second image and mineral diagenesis characteristics presented by qems scan mineral analysis in the same view field as the second image.

In the above scheme, the apparatus further comprises: and the fourth processing module is used for determining a formation rock stage based on at least one of the diagenesis environment, the authigenic mineral type, the total mineral type, the mineral cause type, the self mineral content distribution, the mineral content distribution and the mineral contact relation of minerals according to a preset second rule. The invention provides a stratum diagenesis stage determination device which comprises a memory, a processor and a computer program stored on the memory and capable of running on the processor, wherein the processor executes the program to realize the steps of any one of the stratum diagenesis stage determination methods.

Embodiments of the present invention also provide a computer-readable storage medium, on which a computer program is stored, where the computer program, when executed by a processor, implements the steps of any of the above methods for determining a diagenesis phase of a formation.

The embodiment of the invention provides a method, a device and a storage medium for determining a stratum diagenesis stage, wherein the method comprises the following steps: acquiring a first image and a second image of an electron microscope sheet to be analyzed; the first image and the second image are scanning electron microscope images with different resolutions; analyzing the first image by using a first processing method to obtain mineral distribution characteristics; obtaining quantitative mineral characteristics for the electron microscope sheet by using a second processing method; determining a first processing result based on the mineral distribution characteristics and the mineral quantitative characteristics; the first processing result comprises: overall mineral type, mineral content distribution, mineral contact relationship; analyzing the second image by using a third processing method to obtain a second processing result; the second processing result includes: authigenic mineral type, authigenic mineral content distribution, authigenic mineral contact relation, diagenesis environment and mineral cause type; the first processing result and the second processing result are used for determining a formation stage; therefore, by combining the two processing methods to analyze the mineral types, the accuracy is improved, and a foundation is laid for further analysis of the stratum diagenetic stage.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a method for determining a formation phase of a formation according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 2(a) is a schematic diagram of an overall SEM image with a resolution of 200nm provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 2(b) is a schematic diagram of a 200nm resolution of the mineral filling features in a fracture according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 2(c) is a schematic diagram of a 200nm resolution pore mineral filling feature provided by an example of the present application;

FIG. 3(a) is a schematic diagram of a local scanning electron microscope image with a resolution of 10nm provided by an application example of the present invention;

FIG. 3(b) is a schematic diagram of the development characteristics of authigenic clay minerals within pores at a resolution of 10nm provided by an example of the use of the present invention;

FIG. 3(c) is a schematic diagram of a 10nm resolution hole authigenic mineral filling feature provided by an example of the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a local scanning electron microscope image and a QEMSCAN mineral quantitative analysis in the same visual field according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of another partial scanning electron microscope image and a QEMSCAN mineral quantitative analysis in the same field of view provided by the application embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 6 is a schematic flow chart of another method for determining a diagenesis stage of a formation according to an embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of a device for determining a diagenetic stage of a formation according to an embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of another device for determining a diagenesis stage of a formation according to an embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 9 is a schematic block structure diagram of processing equipment of a method for determining a formation phase of a formation according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Detailed Description

In order to make those skilled in the art better understand the technical solutions in the present specification, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present specification will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present specification, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present specification, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by a person skilled in the art based on the embodiments in the present specification without any inventive step should fall within the scope of protection of the present specification.

First, the related technical terms in the field are described.

Clastic rock: rock formed from the handling, deposition, compaction and cementation of mineral and rock fragments produced by mechanical weathering of parent rock. Its components include, in addition to the crumb particles, miscellaneous bases and cement. The clastic particles can be classified into conglomerates and breccites, sandstones, siltstones, etc. according to their size (particle size).

A hydrocarbon reservoir: a formation having interconnected pores allowing the storage and percolation of hydrocarbons therein. The reservoir capacity is determined by the petrophysical properties of the reservoir, typically including its porosity, permeability; porosity determines the size of the reservoir storage capacity and permeability determines the permeability of the reservoir.

Diagenesis: diagenesis of a reservoir refers to all physical and chemical (or biological) processes that occur after deposit deposition until rock consolidation. Including physical diagenesis, chemical diagenesis and biological diagenesis.

And (3) a clastic rock diagenetic stage: refers to different geological historical evolution stages which are undergone after the detritus sediment is deposited and is transformed through various diagenesis until metamorphic action is achieved. Can be divided into a contemporaneous diagenesis stage, an early diagenesis stage, a middle diagenesis stage, a late diagenesis stage and a surface diagenesis stage.

The diagenetic stage is divided according to the following steps: distributing and forming autogenous minerals; (ii) clay mineral combination, illite/smectite (I/S) mixed-layer clay mineral conversion and illite crystallinity; structure, structural characteristics and pore types of the rock; fourthly, organic matter maturity; ancient temperature: homogeneous temperature of fluid inclusion, authigenic mineral formation temperature, evolution of illite/smectite mixed-layer clay mineral (according to oil and gas industry standard SY/T5477-2003).

Rock thin slice: the emphasis is on observing and researching the structure, mineral components and symbiotic combination of the rock, researching the phenomena of metamorphism and alteration of the mineral, determining the names of the rock and the mineral, comparing strata and the rock, and the like.

In pore-type and fracture-pore-type clastic rock oil reservoirs, pores and/or pore-fracture storage spaces greatly contribute to the productivity, and the development of the pore-fracture storage spaces is obviously controlled by the diagenesis of different diagenesis stages, so that the accurate determination of the diagenesis stages of the clastic rock oil reservoirs is very important from a microscopic perspective. The applicant has found that from a genesis perspective, the development of pores and/or fracture reservoir spaces within a clastic rock reservoir is actually a residue of the cementing growth of diagenetic-controlled authigenic minerals within the pores, and that the division into diagenetic stages is essentially an acquisition of the conditions in which different types of authigenic minerals are located within the formation, and that the analysis of reservoir spaces has a strong dependence on the diagenetic stages of the formation.

While some methods which have been proposed at present, such as an XRD experiment and a mineral judgment and diagenetic stage determination method combining optical slice analysis, achieve certain effects in the aspect of diagenetic stage division of a clastic rock reservoir, on the one hand, because all the methods are subjected to strong human factor intervention, different researchers have certain deviations between the types of minerals and diagenetic stages obtained by adopting the method and the actual situation. For example, an XRD diffraction experiment is combined with a cast body slice and an optical slice to analyze a diagenetic stage, a conventional optical microscope and an X-ray diffraction method are mainly applied, the obtained data are in different dimensions, and then the mineral type, occurrence state and contact relation are judged through manual analysis.

Based on the method provided by the embodiment of the invention, the method for acquiring the mineral characteristics acquires the gray images through the scanning electron microscope images with different resolutions and different ranges of view areas, and further acquires the specific mineral type, mineral content, plane distribution and inter-mineral contact relation and the filling relation of pores and/or cracks through QEMSCAN mineral quantitative analysis in the same view area. The obtained result is objective and real and is not transferred by the analysis of a researcher, so that the diagenetic stage is determined more accurately, and the interference of human factors of the researcher is greatly reduced.

The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to examples. Although the present invention provides the method operation steps or means, system structure, etc. as shown in the following embodiments or figures, more or less operation steps or module units after partial combination may be included in the method or means based on the conventional or non-inventive labor. In the case of steps or structures which do not logically have the necessary cause and effect relationship, the execution sequence of the steps or the module structure of the apparatus is not limited to the execution sequence or structure shown in the embodiment or the drawings in this specification. When the apparatus, server, system or end product of the method or system architecture is applied in an actual device, server, system or end product, the method or module architecture according to the embodiment or the drawings may be executed sequentially or executed in parallel (for example, in an environment of parallel processors or multi-thread processing, or even in an environment of distributed processing, server clustering, or implementation in combination with cloud computing or block chain technology).

Of course, the following description of the embodiments does not limit other scalable solutions obtained based on the embodiments of the present disclosure. Specifically, fig. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a method for determining a formation phase of a formation according to an embodiment of the present invention; as shown in fig. 1, the method is applied to an electronic device; the method may include:

step 101, acquiring a first image and a second image of an electron microscope sheet to be analyzed; the first image and the second image are scanning electron microscope images with different resolutions;

102, analyzing the first image by using a first processing method to obtain the overall mineral distribution characteristics of the stratum; obtaining quantitative mineral characteristics for the electron microscope sheet by using a second processing method; determining a first processing result based on the mineral distribution characteristics and the mineral quantitative characteristics; the first processing result comprises: overall mineral type, mineral content distribution, mineral contact relationship;

103, analyzing the second image by using a third processing method to obtain a second processing result; the second processing result includes: authigenic mineral type, authigenic mineral content distribution, authigenic mineral contact relation, diagenesis environment and mineral cause type;

Here, acquiring the first image and the second image (grayscale image) of the electron microscope sheet to be analyzed may include:

acquiring an electron microscope image obtained by scanning a standard electron microscope sheet sample at a resolution of 200nm and an electron microscope image obtained by scanning a standard electron microscope sheet sample at a resolution of 10nm as a first image and a second image respectively; the range of sample views can be 12mm x 12mm and 800 μm x 800 μm, respectively.

The first image is an integral image of the electron microscope sheet, and the first image is analyzed to obtain the general mineral type, mineral content distribution and mineral contact relation corresponding to the electron microscope sheet;

and the second image is a local image of the electron microscope sheet, and the type, content distribution and contact relation of the authigenic minerals corresponding to the local part of the electron microscope sheet are obtained through analysis of the local image.

In some embodiments, the method further comprises: samples of electron microscope slides of the rock to be analyzed (e.g., clastic rock) are prepared for analysis at the formation stage.

Here, the sample of electron microscope flakes needs to meet the nanometer scale experimental accuracy requirements. The preparation process generally comprises the following steps: cutting, cold inlaying, multiple grinding, argon ion polishing and carbon film plating. The obtained sample of the electron microscope sheet has higher requirements on flatness and conductivity, and the contact relation between the shape and distribution characteristics of the mineral crystals and minerals in the field of view of a scanning electron microscope can be observed more clearly through the preparation of the sample of the electron microscope sheet.

The above preparation process is only an example provided, and other schemes can be adopted to meet the requirement of nanometer experimental precision, which is not limited herein.

The first image and the second image are nano-scale scanning electron microscope images.

Specifically, a large-area scanning electron microscope image of a scanning electron microscope two-dimensional map imaging (MAPS) is obtained for an electron microscope sheet, and the whole scanning electron microscope image with the resolution of 200nm is used as a first image; a local sem image with a resolution of 10nm was used as the second image.

The number of the first images and the second images may be plural; the second image may be a locally enlarged image for a different region in the first image. The processing of

steps

102 and 103 described below may be performed for each of the first image and the second image.

The principle of scanning electron microscope two-dimensional map imaging (MAPS) is that thousands of small images with the same size and ultra-high resolution are arranged and scanned in a selected area, and the small images are spliced into a two-dimensional back-scattered electron image with ultra-high resolution and ultra-large area.

In some embodiments, the analyzing the first image using a first processing method to obtain a mineral distribution characteristic comprises:

and determining regions corresponding to different minerals according to the gray values of different regions in the first image.

The scanning electron microscope image is a gray image, and the distribution characteristics of different types of minerals and the filling characteristics of cracks and pores formed under the influence of diagenesis can be determined on the whole through the difference of the gray values of the whole scanning electron microscope image (black in the electron microscope sheet sample is the cold-inlaid epoxy resin).

As shown in FIG. 2, a schematic of a scanning electron microscope image of a whole with a resolution of 200nm is provided; FIG. 2(a) is a scanning electron microscope image of the whole showing an example of the distribution characteristics of the whole clastic rock; FIG. 2(b) may present an example of mineral filling characteristics in a fracture of clastic rock; fig. 2(c) may present an example of the mineral filling characteristics in the pores of clastic rock. The obtaining of the quantitative mineral characteristics for the electron microscope sheet by using a second processing method comprises the following steps:

identifying the type of mineral elements in the electron microscope sheet by using a QEMSCAN mineral quantitative analysis method, and determining the quantitative characteristics of the mineral in the electron microscope sheet; the mineral quantification characteristics include at least: overall mineral type, mineral content distribution (i.e. mineral content and planar distribution).

The mineral types, including the types of minerals included in the rock, are: quartz, calcite, muscovite, albite, and the like;

the mineral content distribution comprises the position and percentage of mineral distribution in the rock.

Here, considering that a large-area scanning electron microscope image (i.e., a first image) due to the MAPS is a grayscale image, there is a certain error in the accurate determination of the mineral type. Therefore, the QEMSCAN mineral quantitative analysis of the contract view is provided in the embodiment of the invention, so that the data can be supplemented powerfully, and the accuracy of mineral type identification is improved.

The principle of the qems can Quantitative mineral analysis (qems can) is that a full set of mineralogical parameters and elemental analysis results can be obtained by combining the intensity of the backscattered Electron image and the intensity of the X-rays, and the results are converted into mineral phases.

And (3) as shown in the combined graph of fig. 4, scanning the local scanning image with the resolution of 10nm by using the same visual field to obtain quantitative analysis of the minerals matched with the MAPS scanning electron microscope image. Especially, the method is more accurate after multiple periods of diagenesis such as simultaneous filling of various authigenic minerals, mineral corrosion ion in-situ cementing refilling and the like, and the interference of human factors in diagenesis mineral discrimination is completely eliminated in the analysis process.

The mineral contact relationship refers to the contact relationship between different minerals.

Specifically, the method is combined with a first processing method (namely, mineral distinguishing is carried out according to different gray values of a scanning electron microscope image) and a second processing method (namely, QEMSCAN mineral quantitative analysis technology is used for analyzing mineral types and the like), the minerals in the same region are analyzed, the minerals of different types, the mineral content distribution and the mineral contact relation are accurately distinguished, and the existing clastic rock reservoir diagenesis stage analysis method is supplemented and improved, so that clastic rock reservoir diagenesis stage division is more accurate, and clastic rock diagenesis stage analysis is more accurate.

Therefore, in the embodiment of the invention, in the process of determining the mineral type and the mineral contact relationship, the scanning electron microscope image and the QEMSCAN mineral quantitative analysis result are combined for determination, so that the interference of human factors is effectively avoided; and support is provided for the accuracy of the analysis result later.

In some embodiments, the second image is a locally enlarged image of the first image; the second image exhibits the following mineral diagenesis characteristics:

Specifically, the image of the MAPS scanning electron microscope is a gray image, and the causative characteristics of mineral occurrence can be determined according to the gray value of the mineral. Therefore, in the embodiment of the present invention, the determining of the diagenetic characteristics of the mineral by further acquiring a local electron microscope image with a resolution of 10nm specifically includes: fracture diagenesis characteristics, pore internal diagenesis characteristics.

As shown in fig. 3, a schematic view of a local scanning electron microscope with a resolution of 10nm is provided, fig. 3(a) is a scanning electron microscope image of pores and/or cracks with a resolution of 10nm, which shows the filling condition of different authigenic types of minerals (different gray levels) of local clastic rock in the pores and/or cracks (black is cold-inlaid epoxy resin); FIG. 3(b) is a view showing the pore and/or crack in which the authigenic clay mineral (kaolinite) is completely cemented and filled; FIG. 3(c) is an incomplete cement pack of authigenic mineral quartz in the pores.

In the 10nm resolution local scanning electron microscope image shown in fig. 3, the filling degree, the filling sequence and the filling period of the crack and pore filling minerals are determined through the microscopic features (such as different morphological types) of the local diagenesis authigenic minerals; the occurrence sequence of the autogenous minerals, cracks and erosion action in the cracks of the sample of the electron microscope sheet can be clearly determined through the filling relation (such as the relation among minerals with different shapes) and the growth space and contact relation required by the autogenous minerals in pores and/or cracks; finally, the forming sequence of the autogenous mineral is determined by the filling relation of a plurality of autogenous filling minerals.

In some embodiments, the analyzing the second image using a third processing method to obtain a second processing result includes:

When the method is applied, the mineral diagenesis characteristics can be analyzed according to a preset first rule, namely at least one of the following characteristics is determined:

the order of formation of autogenous minerals within the pores and/or fractures;

and further determining the diagenesis environment and the mineral cause type by combining the characteristics.

Specifically, the QEMSCAN mineral analysis image has deterministically acquired the plane distribution image of the mineral, i.e. the mineral type is accurately located. The diagenesis environment, the mineral origin type and the like can be determined by combining the determined mineral types through the reaction among minerals and based on the related acid-base reaction formulas among the compounds. And will not be described in detail herein.

The first rule is used for explaining the relation between different mineral microcosmic characteristics (such as different crystal morphologies) and filling degrees (slight filling, half filling and full filling) of cracks, pore filling minerals, filling sequence and filling period; illustrating the relationship between the filling relationship (such as the relationship between minerals of different shapes) and the occurrence sequence of autogenous minerals, cracks and erosion in the cracks; the relationship between the filling relationship of plural types of autogenous filling minerals and the formation order of the autogenous mineral in the fracture will be described. That is, the 10nm resolution local scanning electron microscope image shown in fig. 3 may be analyzed based on the first rule.

The first rule is also used for explaining the relationship between the characteristics of the mineral diagenesis and diagenesis environment, mineral cause types and the like.

When the method is applied, diagenetic action environments and mineral cause types can be determined by various researchers based on the first rule and the deterministic mineral types and the second images. Particularly, researchers with little research experience or in crossed fields can obtain mineral types, plane distribution and mineral contact relation intuitively, quantitatively and deterministically, and the method is easy to carry out the deterministic research of the formation stage on the basis of the second rule. In the embodiment of the invention, for convenience of operation, a processing model can be provided in a neural network training mode; and training the neural network through a preset training set to obtain a processing model for analyzing the second image to obtain a second processing result. For example, the training set includes: at least one set of mineral microfeatures and their corresponding fractures, the degree of filling of the pore filling minerals, the order of filling, and the number of filling sessions (as labels).

In some embodiments, the method further comprises:

and according to a preset second rule, determining the formation rock stage based on at least one of the diagenesis environment of the minerals, the authigenic mineral type, the overall mineral type, the mineral origin type, the authigenic mineral content distribution, the mineral content distribution and the mineral contact relation.

Here, the second rule is used for explaining the clastic rock formation stages corresponding to different diagenesis environments, mineral types, mineral origin types, mineral content distribution and mineral contact relations. The second rule can be particularly an oil and gas industry standard (SY/T5477-2003) for carrying out clastic rock formation stage division on the basis of at least one of the rock formation environment, mineral type, mineral cause type, mineral content distribution and mineral contact relation.

According to the method provided by the embodiment of the invention, the mineral type and the mineral contact relation are determined based on the combination of the first processing method and the second processing method, so that the interference of human factors is effectively avoided; by adopting the first image and the second image, the distribution and the coexistence relation of minerals can be revealed from a nanoscale scale; furthermore, the authenticity of the obtained analysis result in the diagenetic stage is high.

Experiments show that the method is highly consistent with the conventional experimental method, has higher precision and eliminates the interference of artificial factors; the method provided by the embodiment of the invention is simple, convenient and efficient to operate and is suitable for various clastic rock reservoirs and various researchers.

FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a local scanning electron microscope image and a QEMSCAN mineral quantitative analysis in the same visual field according to an embodiment of the present invention; the left side is the electron microscope image (different grey values of different minerals) and the right side is the result of qems scan quantitative analysis of minerals, which marks the distribution of different minerals.

In practical application, the QEMSCAN mineral quantitative analysis result passes through RGB color images, different types of minerals have different RGB numerical values and correspond to different colors correspondingly, and the name of the mineral corresponding to each color is marked; the method is presented together with an electron microscope image, and various researchers can directly know the mineral type, the mineral contact relation and the like.

For example, dark green characterizes chlorite, pink characterizes quartz, red characterizes kaolinite, blue characterizes albite, white characterizes voids, black characterizes cold-set epoxy, yellow characterizes siderite, and the like.

The following description will take a specific onshore oil field in china as an example to illustrate the implementation and technical effects of the present specification. As shown in fig. 5, the stratum where the target reservoir of the research of the oil field is a clastic rock reservoir, and the diagenetic staging work of the target layer sample is performed on the clastic rock sample of the stratum by using the method of the embodiment of the present specification. The oil field cracks do not develop, and the storage space is mainly micron-sized pores. And determining that authigenic minerals mainly comprise quartz, kaolinite and illite by the second image and the homoscopy domain QEMSCAN, determining that the quartz minerals are corroded, wherein the chemical reaction can only occur in an alkaline environment, the kaolinite, the illite and the quartz are sequentially cemented in pores, and determining that the stratum where the sample is located is in the middle diagenesis stage B by contrasting ' petroleum and gas industry standard SY/T5477-2003 clastic rock diagenesis stage division ' of the people's republic of China. Is consistent with the conclusion publicly published by geological researchers by adopting the original method.

Therefore, the method for determining the formation stage of the stratum provided by the embodiment of the invention can rapidly determine the formation stage of the clastic rock reservoir, the result is consistent with that of the traditional method, the method is high in precision and reliability, the mineral content, type, contact relation and plane distribution are obtained deterministically, the method does not depend on the experience of geological researchers, the operation is simple, convenient and efficient, and the method is more suitable for researchers in the geological field and the cross field to rapidly carry out related work.

The embodiments of the method of the present invention are described in a progressive manner, and the same and similar parts among the embodiments are referred to each other, and each embodiment focuses on the differences from the other embodiments. Reference is made to the description of the method embodiments. It is understood that all or part of the steps of the method described in the above embodiments may be performed by transmission on a computing device of a certain participant or by computation and communication among multiple participants, may be performed by a server of a third party, or may be performed by a third server and one or more participants (e.g., a platform used by the participants).

The method embodiments provided by the embodiments of the present invention may be implemented in mobile and stationary computer terminals, servers, server clusters, blockchain nodes, distributed networks, or similar computing devices. The apparatus may include a system, software (application), module, component, server, etc. that uses embodiments of the present description in conjunction with hardware implementations as necessary.

Fig. 6 is a schematic flow chart of another method for determining a diagenesis stage of a formation according to an embodiment of the present invention; as shown in fig. 6, the method for determining the formation phase includes:

step 601, preparing an electron microscope sheet;

step 602, obtaining a MAPS large-area scanning electron microscope image;

the method specifically comprises the steps of obtaining a whole scanning electron microscope image (namely a first image) with the resolution of 200nm and a local scanning electron microscope image (namely a second image) with the resolution of 10 nm;

wherein, the integral scanning electron microscope image with the resolution of 200nm is used for mineral distinguishing through different gray values.

Step 603, QEMSCAN same-view-area mineral quantitative analysis;

Step 604, determining the mineral type, mineral contact relation and mineral content distribution;

and determining the mineral type, the mineral contact relation and the mineral content distribution by combining the processing result of the integral scanning electron microscope image with the resolution of 200nm and the result of quantitative analysis of QEMSCAN co-visual-domain minerals.

The determination of the mineral type, the mineral contact relationship, and the mineral content distribution is described in the method shown in fig. 1, and specifically, the first processing method (i.e., performing mineral differentiation according to different gray values of a scanning electron microscope image) and the second processing method (i.e., performing analysis such as mineral type by using qems sensor area mineral quantitative analysis technology) are combined to analyze the minerals in the same area, so as to accurately distinguish the minerals of different types, the mineral content distribution, and the mineral contact relationship, which is not described herein again.

605, obtaining the results of the diagenesis stage and the diagenesis stage;

here, the mineral diagenetic characteristics can be presented by local sem images at 10nm resolution, including: fracture diagenesis characteristics and pore diagenesis characteristics; the method specifically comprises the following steps: autogenous mineral type, mineral content distribution within pores and/or fractures;

According to the characteristics and the mineral types, the diagenesis environment, the mineral origin type, the form type and the like can be determined.

The determination of the mineral cause type, the morphological type and the feature of the authigenic mineral occurring simultaneously (i.e. the above-mentioned fracture diagenetic feature and the above-mentioned pore diagenetic feature) has been described in the method shown in fig. 1, and is specifically determined by analyzing the local scanning electron microscope image (e.g. the above-mentioned second image) with the resolution of 10nm by applying the first rule, for example, the mineral cause type is determined by different morphological types (i.e. cone shape in fig. 3) in the enlarged resolution of 10nm, and the like, which is not described herein again.

Finally, clastic rock diagenesis stage division can be carried out according to the oil and gas industry standard (SY/T5477-2003) based on the characteristics of the simultaneous occurrence of authigenic minerals of various diagenesis causes.

The oil and gas industry standard (SY/T5477-2003) at least defines what mineral is in what form at what stage, so that the formation stage times, formation stage results and the like can be determined by combining the above mineral cause types, form types, mineral content distribution, mineral types, formation action environments and the like.

By utilizing the method provided by the embodiment of the invention, the diagenetic stages of different types of reservoirs can be effectively determined, the prediction result is real and accurate, the method is highly consistent with other determination methods, and is simple, convenient and efficient, the predictions with different resolution precision can be formed, the visualized contrast analysis of the diagenetic stages of different reservoirs can be further carried out, and the prediction precision of diagenetic stage division is improved.

Fig. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of a device for determining a diagenetic stage of a formation according to an embodiment of the present invention; as shown in fig. 7, the apparatus includes:

Specifically, the second processing module is configured to determine regions corresponding to different minerals according to gray values of different regions in the first image;

Specifically, the second image is a locally enlarged image of the first image; the second image exhibits the following mineral diagenesis characteristics:

Specifically, the third processing module is configured to determine, according to a preset first rule, a authigenic mineral type, an authigenic mineral content distribution, an authigenic mineral contact relation, a mineral diagenesis environment, and a mineral cause type based on the second image and mineral diagenesis characteristics presented by the qems scan mineral analysis in the same view field as the second image.

Specifically, the apparatus further comprises: and the fourth processing module is used for determining a formation rock stage based on at least one of the diagenesis environment, the authigenic mineral type, the total mineral type, the mineral cause type, the self mineral content distribution, the mineral content distribution and the mineral contact relation of minerals according to a preset second rule.

It should be noted that: in the formation phase determining apparatus provided in the above embodiment, when the corresponding formation phase determining method is implemented, only the division of the program modules is illustrated, and in practical applications, the processing may be performed by different program modules according to needs, that is, the internal structure of the apparatus is divided into different program modules, so as to perform all or part of the processing described above. In addition, the apparatus provided by the above embodiment and the embodiment of the corresponding method belong to the same concept, and the specific implementation process thereof is described in the method embodiment, which is not described herein again.

Fig. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of another device for determining a diagenesis stage of a formation according to an embodiment of the present invention, and as shown in fig. 8, the device 80 includes: a processor 801 and a memory 802 for storing computer programs operable on the processor; the processor 801 is configured to, when running the computer program, perform: acquiring a first image and a second image of an electron microscope sheet to be analyzed; the first image and the second image are scanning electron microscope images with different resolutions;

In an embodiment, the processor 801 is further configured to execute, when running the computer program, the following: determining regions corresponding to different minerals according to the gray values of different regions in the first image;

In an embodiment, the processor 801 is further configured to execute, when running the computer program, the following: according to a preset first rule, determining the authigenic mineral type, the authigenic mineral content distribution, the authigenic mineral contact relation, the authigenic action environment of the mineral and the mineral cause type based on the second image and the mineral diagenesis characteristics presented by QEMSCAN mineral analysis of the same vision field with the second image.

In an embodiment, the processor 801 is further configured to execute, when running the computer program, the following: according to a preset second rule, determining a formation rock stage based on at least one of the diagenesis environment of minerals, the authigenic mineral type, the total mineral type, the mineral cause type, the authigenic mineral content distribution, the mineral content distribution and the mineral contact relationship.

In practical applications, the apparatus 80 may further include: at least one network interface 803. The various components of the device 80 are coupled together by a bus system 804. It is understood that the bus system 804 is used to enable communications among the components. The bus system 804 includes a power bus, a control bus, and a status signal bus in addition to a data bus. For clarity of illustration, however, the various buses are labeled as bus system 804 in FIG. 8. The number of the processors 801 may be at least one. The network interface 803 is used for wired or wireless communication between the apparatus 80 and other devices.

The memory 802 in embodiments of the present invention is used to store various types of data to support the operation of the device 80.

The methods disclosed in the embodiments of the present invention described above may be implemented in the processor 801 or implemented by the processor 801. The processor 801 may be an integrated circuit chip having signal processing capabilities. In implementation, the steps of the above method may be performed by integrated logic circuits of hardware or instructions in the form of software in the processor 801. The Processor 801 may be a general purpose Processor, a DiGital Signal Processor (DSP), or other programmable logic device, discrete gate or transistor logic device, discrete hardware components, or the like. Processor 801 may implement or perform the methods, steps, and logic blocks disclosed in embodiments of the present invention. A general purpose processor may be a microprocessor or any conventional processor or the like. The steps of the method disclosed by the embodiment of the invention can be directly implemented by a hardware decoding processor, or can be implemented by combining hardware and software modules in the decoding processor. The software modules may be located in a storage medium that is located in the memory 802, and the processor 801 reads the information in the memory 802 to perform the steps of the aforementioned methods in conjunction with its hardware.

In an exemplary embodiment, the apparatus 80 may be implemented by one or more Application Specific Integrated Circuits (ASICs), DSPs, Programmable Logic Devices (PLDs), Complex Programmable Logic Devices (CPLDs), Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs), general purpose processors, controllers, Micro Controllers (MCUs), microprocessors (microprocessors), or other electronic components for performing the foregoing methods.

Based on the description of the embodiment of the formation diagenesis stage division method, the description also provides a device for processing the first image, the second image and the QEMSCAN mineral analysis image required by the formation diagenesis stage. The device can be used in a multi-party participating data sharing application scenario.

The apparatus may include systems (including distributed systems), software (applications), modules, components, servers, clients, etc. that use the methods described in the embodiments of the present specification in conjunction with any necessary apparatus to implement the hardware. Based on the same innovative conception, embodiments of the present specification provide apparatuses in one or more embodiments as described in the following embodiments. Since the implementation scheme for solving the problem of the device is similar to that of the method, the specific implementation of the device in the embodiment of the present specification may refer to the implementation of the foregoing method, and repeated details are not repeated. As used hereinafter, the term "unit" or "module" may be a combination of software and/or hardware that implements a predetermined function. Although the means described in the embodiments below are preferably implemented in software, an implementation in hardware, or a combination of software and hardware is also possible and contemplated.

Specifically, fig. 9 is a schematic block structure diagram of an embodiment of an image processing apparatus of a method for determining a diagenetic stage of a formation layer, as shown in fig. 9, the apparatus may include:

the scanning electron microscope image acquisition module 91 with different resolutions is used for acquiring mineral gray images under different resolutions;

the same-view-field QEMSCAN mineral quantitative analysis module 92 is used for acquiring deterministic mineral information of the mineral gray level images of the first image and the second image and distinguishing colors according to RGB color values;

and the diagenetic stage determining module 93 is used for determining the diagenetic stage of the stratum when the image acquisition and the mineral quantitative analysis precision and the matching degree reach the required conditions.

It should be noted that the above-mentioned device may also include other implementation manners according to the description of the method embodiment, or may also include, for example, a processing module (shown in dashed lines in fig. 9) to implement relevant steps of the method embodiment. The specific implementation manner may refer to the description of the related method embodiment, and is not described in detail herein.

The embodiments of the apparatus according to the embodiments of the present invention are all described in a progressive manner, and the same and similar parts among the embodiments are described with reference to or with reference to the corresponding method embodiments, and each embodiment focuses on differences from other embodiments. Reference is made to the description of the method embodiments. The specific details can be obtained according to the descriptions of the foregoing method embodiments, and all of them should fall within the scope of the implementation protected by this application, and no further description is given to implementation schemes of the embodiments one by one.

An embodiment of the present invention further provides a computer-readable storage medium, on which a computer program is stored; the computer program, when executed by a processor, performs: acquiring a first image and a second image of an electron microscope sheet to be analyzed; the first image and the second image are scanning electron microscope images with different resolutions;

analyzing the second image by using a third processing method to obtain a second processing result; the second processing result includes: authigenic mineral type, authigenic mineral content, authigenic mineral contact relation, diagenesis environment and mineral cause type;

In one embodiment, the computer program, when executed by the processor, performs: determining regions corresponding to different minerals according to the gray values of different regions in the first image;

In one embodiment, the computer program, when executed by the processor, performs: according to a preset first rule, determining the authigenic mineral type, the authigenic mineral content distribution, the authigenic mineral contact relation, the authigenic action environment of the mineral and the mineral cause type based on the second image and the mineral diagenesis characteristics presented by QEMSCAN mineral analysis of the same vision field with the second image.

In one embodiment, the computer program, when executed by the processor, performs: according to a preset second rule, determining a formation rock stage based on at least one of the diagenesis environment of minerals, the authigenic mineral type, the total mineral type, the mineral cause type, the authigenic mineral content distribution, the mineral content distribution and the mineral contact relationship.

In the several embodiments provided in the present application, it should be understood that the disclosed apparatus and method may be implemented in other ways. The above-described device embodiments are merely illustrative, for example, the division of the unit is only a logical functional division, and there may be other division ways in actual implementation, such as: multiple units or components may be combined, or may be integrated into another system, or some features may be omitted, or not implemented. In addition, the coupling, direct coupling or communication connection between the components shown or discussed may be through some interfaces, and the indirect coupling or communication connection between the devices or units may be electrical, mechanical or other forms.

The units described as separate parts may or may not be physically separate, and parts displayed as units may or may not be physical units, that is, may be located in one place, or may be distributed on a plurality of network units; some or all of the units can be selected according to actual needs to achieve the purpose of the solution of the embodiment.

In addition, all the functional units in the embodiments of the present invention may be integrated into one processing unit, or each unit may be separately regarded as one unit, or two or more units may be integrated into one unit; the integrated unit can be realized in a form of hardware, or in a form of hardware plus a software functional unit.

Those of ordinary skill in the art will understand that: all or part of the steps for realizing the method embodiments can be completed by hardware related to program instructions, the program can be stored in a computer readable storage medium, and the program executes the steps comprising the method embodiments when executed; and the aforementioned storage medium includes: a mobile storage device, a Read-Only Memory (ROM), a Random Access Memory (RAM), a magnetic disk or an optical disk, and other various media capable of storing program codes.

Alternatively, the integrated unit of the present invention may be stored in a computer-readable storage medium if it is implemented in the form of a software functional module and sold or used as a separate product. Based on such understanding, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention may be essentially implemented or a part contributing to the prior art may be embodied in the form of a software product, which is stored in a storage medium and includes several instructions for causing a computer device (which may be a personal computer, a server, or a network device) to execute all or part of the methods described in the embodiments of the present invention. And the aforementioned storage medium includes: a removable storage device, a ROM, a RAM, a magnetic or optical disk, or various other media that can store program code.

It should be noted that: "first," "second," and the like are used for distinguishing between similar elements and not necessarily for describing a particular sequential or chronological order.

The technical means described in the embodiments of the present application may be arbitrarily combined without conflict.

One skilled in the art and others skilled in the relevant art will recognize that one or more embodiments of the present description may be provided as a method, system, or computer storage product. Accordingly, one or more embodiments of the present description may take the form of an entirely hardware embodiment, an entirely software embodiment or an embodiment combining software and hardware aspects. Furthermore, one or more embodiments of the present description may take the form of a computer program product embodied on one or more computer-usable storage media (including, but not limited to, disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, and the like) having computer-usable program code embodied therein.

The embodiments in the present specification are described in a progressive manner, and the same and similar parts among the embodiments are referred to each other, and each embodiment focuses on the differences from the other embodiments. In particular, for the system embodiment, since it is substantially similar to the method embodiment, the description is simple, and for the relevant points, reference may be made to the partial description of the method embodiment. In the description of the specification, reference to the description of the term "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "an example," "a specific example," or "some examples," etc., means that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the specification. In this specification, the schematic representations of the terms used above are not necessarily intended to refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples. Furthermore, various embodiments or examples and features of different embodiments or examples described in this specification can be combined and combined by one skilled in the art without contradiction.

The above description is only for the specific embodiments of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art can easily conceive of the changes or substitutions within the technical scope of the present invention, and all the changes or substitutions should be covered within the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope of the appended claims.

Claims

1. A method for determining a diagenesis stage of a formation, comprising:

2. The method of claim 1, wherein analyzing the first image using a first processing method to obtain a mineral distribution profile comprises:

determining regions corresponding to different minerals according to the gray values of different regions in the first image;

3. The method of claim 1, wherein the second image is a locally enlarged image of the first image; the second image exhibits the following mineral diagenesis characteristics:

4. The method of claim 3, wherein analyzing the second image using a third processing method to obtain a second processing result comprises:

5. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, further comprising:

6. A formation phase determination apparatus for a formation, comprising:

7. The apparatus of claim 6, wherein the second processing module is configured to determine regions corresponding to different minerals according to gray-level values of different regions in the first image;

8. The apparatus of claim 6, wherein the second image is a locally enlarged image of the first image; the second image exhibits the following mineral diagenesis characteristics:

9. The apparatus of claim 8, wherein the third processing module is configured to determine the authigenic mineral type, the authigenic mineral content distribution, the authigenic mineral contact relationship, the authigenic environment of the mineral, and the mineral cause type according to a preset first rule based on the second image and the mineral diagenesis characteristics exhibited by the QEMSCAN mineral analysis in the same field of view as the second image.

10. The apparatus of any one of claims 6 to 9, further comprising: and the fourth processing module is used for determining a formation rock stage based on at least one of the diagenesis environment, the authigenic mineral type, the total mineral type, the mineral cause type, the self mineral content distribution, the mineral content distribution and the mineral contact relation of minerals according to a preset second rule.

11. A formation phase determination apparatus for a formation, comprising: a processor and a memory for storing a computer program operable on the processor, wherein the processor is operable to perform the steps of the method of any of claims 1 to 5 when executing the computer program.

12. A storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, the computer program, when being executed by a processor, implementing the steps of the method of any one of claims 1 to 5.