CN113933267B - Zigzag step multimode fiber dual-channel SPR sensor and manufacturing method thereof - Google Patents
Zigzag step multimode fiber dual-channel SPR sensor and manufacturing method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
- G01N21/55—Specular reflectivity
- G01N21/552—Attenuated total reflection
- G01N21/553—Attenuated total reflection and using surface plasmons
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01D—MEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01D5/00—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable
- G01D5/26—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light
- G01D5/32—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light
- G01D5/34—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells
- G01D5/353—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells influencing the transmission properties of an optical fibre
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/01—Arrangements or apparatus for facilitating the optical investigation
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- G—PHYSICS
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the field of optical fiber sensing, and mainly relates to a zigzag step multimode optical fiber dual-channel SPR sensor; the device comprises a sensing optical fiber and a light receiving step multimode optical fiber which are connected in sequence; wherein, the sensing optical fiber is carved with a sawtooth-shaped area and the surface of the optical fiber cladding layer 2cm after sawtooth-shaped is plated with a sensing metal film. The invention cuts the zigzag on the sensing optical fiber, effectively couples the light in the fiber core into the cladding, and solves the difficult problem that the evanescent field of the cladding type optical fiber SPR sensor is difficult to obtain; meanwhile, the zigzag is engraved to the step multimode fiber core, and the zigzag itself has an angle, which can change the SPR incidence angle of SPR effect on the fiber core, thereby completely separating from the SPR resonance valley wavelength of the cladding region, and realizing dual-channel sensing.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of optical fiber sensors, and particularly relates to a zigzag step multimode optical fiber dual-channel SPR sensor and a manufacturing method thereof.
Background
The Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) technology becomes a research hot spot because of the advantages of high sensitivity, electromagnetic interference resistance, no need of marking, long-distance measurement and the like. The SPR sensing principle is as follows: when light waves are emitted from an optically dense medium to an optically sparse medium, reflection and refraction occur at the interface of the two mediums, if the incident angle is larger than a critical angle, refraction does not occur, the reflected light waves and the incident light wave energy are equal, the phenomenon is called total reflection, when total reflection occurs, after the incident light irradiates the interface of the two mediums, the light wave energy is totally reflected back to the optically dense medium, but is not reflected back at the interface, but penetrates a very thin layer in the optically sparse medium, the thickness is in the order of the wavelength of the light wave, the partially penetrated electromagnetic wave is called evanescent wave, the evanescent wave excites surface plasmas on the metal surface, resonance occurs between the evanescent wave and the metal surface plasmas under certain conditions, at this time, the energy of the reflected light is reduced due to partial absorption of the incident light energy, resonance peaks are formed, and when the refractive indexes of the optical medium are different, the resonance peaks are deviated, and the principle of detecting refractive index parameters of the medium to be detected by the optical fiber SPR sensor is the principle of detecting the refractive index parameter of the medium to be detected.
The structural conditions under which SPR occurs are: the evanescent wave needs to enter the metal film, namely, the evanescent wave contacts the metal film when the total reflection of transmitted light is required. In the case of an optical fiber waveguide, the transmission light is totally reflected at the interface between the fiber core and the cladding, so that the transmission light is transmitted in the fiber core, and the transmission light is not transmitted in the cladding, and when the structure of the optical fiber SPR sensor is constructed, the problem to be solved is how to make the transmission light contact with the gold film when totally reflected.
There are two approaches to solving this problem: firstly, removing an optical fiber cladding, plating a metal film on the surface of an optical fiber core so as to realize contact with a gold film when transmitting light in the optical fiber core is totally reflected; and secondly, the transmission light in the fiber core is coupled to the fiber cladding in a leakage way, and a metal film is directly plated on the surface of the fiber cladding, so that the contact with the metal film is realized when the light coupled to the fiber cladding in a leakage way is transmitted in a total reflection way. The optical fiber type SPR sensor may be classified into a core type SPR sensor and a clad type SPR sensor according to the position of a sensing substrate. The fiber core type optical fiber SPR sensor needs to remove the optical fiber cladding so that an evanescent field contacts with a metal film to generate an SPR effect, and currently used methods are corrosion, polishing and grinding of the side surface of the optical fiber or grinding of the optical fiber, but the processing methods have the problems of difficult processing, reduced mechanical strength of the optical fiber, poor repeatability and the like. The cladding type optical fiber SPR sensor needs to couple transmission light leakage in an optical fiber core into an optical fiber cladding so that an evanescent field contacts a metal film to generate an SPR effect, and the existing method comprises a tapering structure, a heterogeneous core structure and a U-shaped structure, but the optical fiber SPR sensor with the tapering structure is easy to break and has poor recycling property; the heterogeneous core structure is usually a multimode-single mode-multimode optical fiber structure, and SPR sensing on the multimode optical fiber cladding cannot be realized by the method; the U-shaped structure is difficult to repeatedly manufacture and generates bending loss.
The existing optical fiber SPR sensor is basically a single sensing channel, compared with the optical fiber SPR sensor with the single sensing channel, the optical fiber SPR sensor with the single sensing channel has the advantages that on one hand, parallel detection of multiple analytes is promoted, on the other hand, one channel of the optical fiber SPR sensor with the multiple channels can be used as a reference channel to effectively avoid influences of a background refractive index and an external environment temperature, and detection accuracy is improved.
To achieve two-channel cascade sensing, two stages of resonant wavelengths need to be sufficiently separated.
The multichannel optical fiber SPR sensor is manufactured by cascading two or more sub-channel sensing probes, the resonance wavelength ranges of the sub-channel sensing probes are required to be separated obviously, and the wavelength division multiplexing technology can detect samples in different resonance wavelength ranges simultaneously. Thus, it is important for a multi-channel optical fiber SPR sensor to adjust the resonance range of each sub-channel so that it can be significantly separated and distinguished after cascading. For cascading problems, the problem to be solved is how to separate the two-stage resonance valleys sufficiently. There are five methods currently available for tuning the resonance wavelength range. The first approach is to change the refractive index of the resonant substrate, which is typically the fiber core of a fiber SPR sensor, which has a very limited range of refractive indices. The second method is to add a modulating layer on the metal surface, but the modulating layer can weaken the energy of resonance between the evanescent wave and the substance to be measured. A third method is to coat different kinds of metal films, such as gold film and silver film in different channels, but many metal films are easily oxidized to fail. The fourth method is to change the thickness of the metal film, the thickness of the metal film is different, and the occurrence wave bands of resonance wavelengths are different. A fifth method is to change the angle of incidence, which is typically achieved by grinding the end face of the fiber to an angle that produces a different range of resonant wavelengths, but which is typically achieved with special fibers and is not readily available.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the present invention aims to provide a multimode optical fiber dual-channel SPR sensor based on wavelength division multiplexing technology, which can effectively couple light in a fiber core into a cladding, and solve the problem that the evanescent field of the cladding type optical fiber SPR sensor is difficult to obtain.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
the zigzag step multimode fiber dual-channel SPR sensor comprises a sensing fiber and a light receiving step multimode fiber which are connected in sequence; wherein, a zigzag area is carved on the sensing optical fiber, and a sensing metal film is plated on the surface of the optical fiber cladding of 1.5cm-2.5cm behind the zigzag area and the zigzag area; the sensing fiber receives and transmits a light beam emitted by the light source, which, when passing through the saw tooth structure, couples light from the core into the cladding.
Preferably, the sensing optical fiber is a step multimode optical fiber, the fiber core diameter is 40 μm, the cladding diameter is 125 μm, and the numerical aperture is 0.22.
Preferably, the sensing metal film is a 50nm gold film.
Preferably, the fiber core diameter of the light-receiving step multimode fiber is 105 μm, the cladding diameter is 125 μm, and the numerical aperture is 0.22.
As a preferable scheme, the manufacturing method comprises the following steps:
s1, taking a section of step multimode optical fiber, stripping one end of the step multimode optical fiber by 10cm to form a section of coating layer, and placing the bare fiber with the coating layer stripped in CO 2 Laser, process to
The zigzag region is used for obtaining a step multimode optical fiber with a zigzag structure;
s2, taking a section of large-core-diameter step multimode optical fiber, and performing cutting and leveling treatment on two ends of the large-core-diameter step multimode optical fiber;
and S3, directly welding and fixing one end of the prepared step multimode fiber with the zigzag structure and one end of the step multimode fiber with the large core diameter, and circularly plating a 50nm gold film on a wrapping layer area which is 1.5cm-2.5cm behind the zigzag area to finish the manufacturing of the step multimode fiber double-channel SPR sensor.
Preferably, the CO 2 The laser processing parameters were set to 800 mm/s processing speed, 50% power, frequency 5KHz.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: by CO 2 The laser processes the zigzag on the sensing fiber, effectively coupling the light in the core into the cladding. The sawtooth is carved into the fiber core of the step multimode fiber, and the sawtooth itself has an angle, which can change the SPR incidence angle of SPR effect on the fiber core, the incidence angle is changed, the SPR resonance valley is changed, thus the wavelength of SPR resonance valley is completely separated from the cladding region, and the dual-channel sensing can be realized.
Additional advantages, objects, and features of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows and in part will become apparent to those having ordinary skill in the art upon examination of the following or may be learned from practice of the invention. The objects and other advantages of the invention may be realized and obtained by means of the instrumentalities and combinations particularly pointed out in the specification.
Drawings
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantageous effects of the present invention more clear, the present invention provides the following drawings for description:
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall composition of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a zigzag step multimode fiber dual channel SPR sensor probe.
Detailed Description
Other advantages and effects of the present invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art from the following disclosure, which describes the embodiments of the present invention with reference to specific examples. The invention may be practiced or carried out in other embodiments that depart from the specific details, and the details of the present description may be modified or varied from the spirit and scope of the present invention. It should be noted that the illustrations provided in the following embodiments merely illustrate the basic idea of the present invention by way of illustration, and the following embodiments and features in the embodiments may be combined with each other without conflict.
Wherein the drawings are for illustrative purposes only and are shown in schematic, non-physical, and not intended to limit the invention; for the purpose of better illustrating embodiments of the invention, certain elements of the drawings may be omitted, enlarged or reduced and do not represent the size of the actual product; it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that certain well-known structures in the drawings and descriptions thereof may be omitted.
The same or similar reference numbers in the drawings of embodiments of the invention correspond to the same or similar components; in the description of the present invention, it should be understood that, if there are terms such as "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "front", "rear", etc., that indicate an azimuth or a positional relationship based on the azimuth or the positional relationship shown in the drawings, it is only for convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, but not for indicating or suggesting that the referred device or element must have a specific azimuth, be constructed and operated in a specific azimuth, so that the terms describing the positional relationship in the drawings are merely for exemplary illustration and should not be construed as limiting the present invention, and that the specific meaning of the above terms may be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art according to the specific circumstances.
Preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Referring to fig. 1 and 2, reference numerals in the drawings denote: the device comprises a broad spectrum light source 1, a sensing optical fiber 2, a light receiving step multimode optical fiber 3, a spectrometer 4, a test box 5 and a test box 6.
The sensing optical fiber 2 has a zigzag structure, and can effectively couple light in the fiber core intoIn the cladding, the sensing optical fiber 2 is a step multimode optical fiber, the diameter of the fiber core is 40 mu m, the diameter of the cladding is 125 mu m, and the numerical aperture is 0.22; the manufacturing method of the zigzag comprises the following steps: placing bare fiber with stripped coating layer in CO 2 On a three-dimensional micro-motion stage below a laser, one end of a bare fiber is fixed by an optical fiber clamp, and a light weight is hung at the other end of the optical fiber to ensure that the optical fiber keeps constant axial stress in the heating process and is always in a horizontal straight line state, and a computer is used for designing CO (carbon monoxide) 2 The number and period of the saw teeth processed by the laser can be changed by changing the processing times. And the 50nm gold film is plated on the cladding at the position of 2cm behind the zigzag structure and the zigzag structure. The fiber core diameter of the light receiving step multimode fiber 3 is 105 mu m, the cladding diameter is 125 mu m, and the numerical aperture is 0.22.
The concrete connection mode is as follows: the sensing optical fiber 2 is carved with a zigzag structure, the sensing optical fiber 2 receives and transmits light beams emitted by the light source 1, light in a fiber core is coupled into a cladding when passing through the zigzag structure, a sensing metal film is plated on the surface of the fiber cladding of a zigzag region and 2cm behind the zigzag, the light is collected and transmitted by the welding continuous receiving light step multimode optical fiber 3, and finally, the signal acquisition and demodulation are carried out by the spectrometer 4.
The zigzag step multimode fiber dual-channel SPR sensor comprises a sensing fiber and a light receiving step multimode fiber which are connected in sequence; wherein, the sensing optical fiber 2 is carved with a zigzag structure, the sensing optical fiber 2 receives and transmits the light beam emitted by the light source 1, the light in the fiber core is coupled into the cladding when passing through the zigzag structure, the sensing metal film is plated on the surface of the fiber cladding of the zigzag region and the zigzag back 2cm, the light-receiving step multimode optical fiber 3 is welded for collecting and transmitting the transmitted light, and finally the spectrometer 4 performs signal acquisition and demodulation; the invention utilizes CO 2 The laser is used for carving a zigzag shape on the sensing optical fiber, so that light in the fiber core is effectively coupled into the cladding, and the problem that an evanescent field of the cladding type optical fiber SPR sensor is difficult to obtain is solved; at the same time, the zigzag is engraved to the step multimode fiber core and itself has an angle that changes the SPR incidence angle at which the SPR effect occurs on the core, the incidence angle changes, and the SPR resonance Gu FaThe surface plasmon resonance is changed, so that the surface plasmon resonance is completely separated from the cladding region, and the dual-channel sensing can be realized.
As a preferable scheme, the sensing optical fiber 2 has a zigzag structure, so that light in a fiber core can be effectively coupled into a cladding, the sensing optical fiber 2 is a step multimode optical fiber, the fiber core diameter is 40 μm, the cladding diameter is 125 μm, and the numerical aperture is 0.22; the manufacturing method of the zigzag comprises the following steps: placing bare fiber with stripped coating layer in CO 2 On a three-dimensional micro-motion stage below a laser, one end of a bare fiber is fixed by an optical fiber clamp, and a light weight is hung at the other end of the optical fiber to ensure that the optical fiber keeps constant axial stress in the heating process and is always in a horizontal straight line state, and a computer is used for designing CO (carbon monoxide) 2 The number and period of the saw teeth processed by the laser can be changed by changing the processing times.
As a preferable scheme, the 50nm gold film is plated on the cladding at the position of 2cm behind the zigzag structure and the zigzag structure.
Preferably, the diameter of the fiber core of the light-receiving step multimode fiber 3 is 105 μm, the diameter of the cladding is 125 μm, and the numerical aperture is 0.22.
The specific manufacturing method comprises the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
s1, taking a section of enough-length step multimode fiber, wherein the diameter of a fiber core is 40 mu m, the diameter of a cladding is 125 mu m, stripping a coating layer of 10cm from one end of the step multimode fiber by using a Muller clamp, dipping alcohol into non-woven fabrics, wiping the non-woven fabrics, and placing the bare fiber stripped with the coating layer in CO 2 On a three-dimensional micro-motion stage below the laser, one end of the bare fiber is fixed by an optical fiber clamp, and the other end of the optical fiber is suspended with a light weight to keep constant axial stress of the optical fiber in the heating process and always in a horizontal straight line state, and the optical fiber is in a CO (carbon monoxide) state 2 The laser processing parameters are set to 800 mm/s processing speed, 50% power and 5KHz frequency, the number and period of V-grooves are designed by a computer, and the depth of the V-grooves can be changed by changing the processing times. Taking out the optical fiber after V-groove carving (V-groove parameter: V-groove period is 571 μm, V-groove depth is 67 μm, V-groove number is 30), cutting 2cm length after V-groove by fixed length cutting device as sensing area, cutting the other end, and wiping with alcoholSetting aside for standby;
s2, taking a section of large-core-diameter step multimode optical fiber (the diameter of a fiber core is 105 mu m, the diameter of a cladding is 125 mu m) with the length of 50cm, cutting the two ends, wiping the two ends with alcohol, and placing the two ends aside for later use;
s3, directly welding one end of the prepared V-groove structure step multimode optical fiber sensing area and one end of the large-core step multimode optical fiber by utilizing an automatic welding mode of an optical fiber welding machine, wiping cleanly with alcohol after the welding is finished, placing the sensing area on a glass slide, fixing the two ends with traceless glue, placing the sensing area in a small plasma sputtering instrument (ETD-2000, externally connected with a film thickness monitor), circularly plating 50nm gold film on a V-groove area and a 2cm cladding area behind the V-groove, and finishing manufacturing the step multimode optical fiber double-channel SPR sensor;
s4, connecting the left end of the probe with the step multimode optical fiber connecting light source 1 according to the experimental device shown in FIG. 1, placing the V-groove areas in the test box 5, respectively placing the cladding areas in the test box 6, exposing the fiber core of the V-groove part and covering the sensing film when the light wave emitted by the light source 1 enters the step multimode optical fiber core and is transmitted to the V-groove, and at the moment, most of the light wave can generate total reflection on the fiber core of the V-groove part, and exciting SPR in the V-groove area. When the light wave passes through the V-groove structure, part of the high-order cladding modes are excited, at the moment, part of the light wave continues to transmit along the fiber core, and part of the light wave steadily transmits forward along the cladding. The light wave propagating steadily forward along the cladding undergoes total reflection in the cladding portion, exciting SPR in the cladding region. Finally, the light waves are collected by the light receiving multimode optical fiber 3, the transmitted reflection spectrum is collected and demodulated by the spectrometer 4, reflection spectrum data are stored, and MATLAB simulation software is utilized to process the data, so that reflection spectrum curves under different environment refractive indexes can be obtained. When the V groove region works alone, the SPR incidence angle of the SPR effect is small, the resonance wavelength is at a long wavelength, and when the cladding region works alone, the SPR incidence angle of the SPR effect is large, and the resonance wavelength is at a short wavelength, so that the step multimode fiber double-channel SPR sensor can be formed.
Finally, it is noted that the above-mentioned preferred embodiments are only intended to illustrate rather than limit the invention, and that, although the invention has been described in detail by means of the above-mentioned preferred embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and details may be made therein without departing from the scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (6)
1. The zigzag step multimode fiber dual-channel SPR sensor comprises a sensing fiber (2) and a light receiving step multimode fiber (3) which are connected in sequence; wherein, a sawtooth area is carved on the sensing optical fiber (2), and a sensing metal film is plated on the surface of the optical fiber cladding of 1.5cm-2.5cm behind the sawtooth area and the sawtooth area; the sensing optical fiber (2) receives and transmits a light beam emitted by the light source (1), and the light beam couples light in the fiber core into the cladding when passing through the zigzag structure.
2. The zigzag step multimode fiber dual channel SPR sensor of claim 1, wherein: the sensing optical fiber (2) is a step multimode optical fiber, the fiber core diameter is 40 mu m, the cladding diameter is 125 mu m, and the numerical aperture is 0.22.
3. The zigzag step multimode fiber dual channel SPR sensor of claim 1, wherein: the sensing metal film is a 50nm gold film.
4. The zigzag step multimode fiber dual-channel SPR sensor of claim 1,
the method is characterized in that: the fiber core diameter of the light receiving step multimode fiber (3) is 105 mu m, the cladding diameter is 125 mu m, and the numerical aperture is 0.22.
5. The method for manufacturing the zigzag step multimode optical fiber dual-channel SPR sensor according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps:
s1, taking a section of step multimode optical fiber, stripping one end of the step multimode optical fiber by 10cm to form a section of coating layer, and placing the bare fiber with the coating layer stripped in CO 2 The laser is used for processing a zigzag region to obtain a step multimode optical fiber with a zigzag structure;
s2, taking a section of large-core-diameter step multimode optical fiber, and performing cutting and leveling treatment on two ends of the large-core-diameter step multimode optical fiber;
and S3, directly welding and fixing one end of the prepared step multimode fiber with the zigzag structure and one end of the step multimode fiber with the large core diameter, and circularly plating a 50nm gold film on a wrapping layer area which is 1.5cm-2.5cm behind the zigzag area to finish the manufacturing of the step multimode fiber double-channel SPR sensor.
6. The method for manufacturing the zigzag step multimode optical fiber dual-channel SPR sensor according to claim 5, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the CO 2 The laser processing parameters were set to 800 mm/s processing speed, 50% power, frequency 5KHz.
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