CN113932564B - 采用液化天然气蓄冷的液化空气储能系统及其方法 - Google Patents

采用液化天然气蓄冷的液化空气储能系统及其方法 Download PDF

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CN113932564B
CN113932564B CN202111050672.XA CN202111050672A CN113932564B CN 113932564 B CN113932564 B CN 113932564B CN 202111050672 A CN202111050672 A CN 202111050672A CN 113932564 B CN113932564 B CN 113932564B
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CN113932564A (zh
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张学锋
郑开云
俞国华
陶林
白江涛
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Xeca Shanghai Energy Technology Co ltd
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Abstract

本发明提出一种液化天然气蓄冷的液化空气储能系统，包括液化空气储能系统，用于将大气中的空气转化为液态空气和回收液态空气气化时的冷量；天然气管网；冷凝蒸发器，用于对液态空气气化过程和高压气态天然气液化过程进行换热；液化天然气膨胀机，用于对从冷凝蒸发器出来的高压液态天然气膨胀至低压并做功回收压力能；液化天然气储罐；液化天然气增压泵，用于将增压后的液态天然气进入液化空气储能系统，回收液态空气气化时的冷量；液态空气释能发电系统，用于对从冷凝蒸发器出来的气态压缩空气进行加热以及利用压缩空气膨胀做功发电。本发明还提出一种液化天然气蓄冷的液化空气储能方法。

Description

采用液化天然气蓄冷的液化空气储能系统及其方法
技术领域
本发明涉及储能技术领域，尤其涉及一种采用液化天然气蓄冷的液化空气储能系统及其方法。
背景技术
液化空气储能是一种新型的储能技术，储能时，系统利用电力驱动空气液化装置，产生液化空气，储存于低温储罐中，释能时，将低温储罐中液化空气加压加热，随后驱动膨胀机做功发电。由于液化空气密度大，可大幅减少储罐体积。在实现本发明过程中，发明人发现现有技术中至少存在以下问题：液化空气在气化过程中释放的冷量回收难度大，采用常规的填充床蓄冷装置，设备结构复杂，体积庞大，且由于内部的温度均一化问题，将导致冷能品位下降和不可逆损失。
发明内容
本发明旨在至少在一定程度上解决相关技术中的技术问题之一。
为此，本发明的目的在于提出一种提高蓄冷效率，提高液化空气储能的技术经济性的液化空气储能系统及其方法。
为达到上述目的，本发明提出的一种采用液化天然气蓄冷的液化空气储能系统，包括：
液化空气储能系统，用于将大气中的空气转化为液态空气和回收液态空气气化时的冷量；
天然气管网，用于输入和输出高压气态天然气；
冷凝蒸发器，用于对液态空气气化过程和高压气态天然气液化过程进行换热，其中，液态空气来自液化空气储能系统，高压气态天然气来自天然气管网；
液化天然气膨胀机，用于对从冷凝蒸发器出来的高压液态天然气膨胀至低压并做功回收压力能；
液化天然气储罐，用于储存从液化天然气膨胀机出来的液态天然气；
液化天然气增压泵，用于对从液化天然气储罐出来的液态天然气增压，并将增压后的液态天然气进入液化空气储能系统，回收液态空气气化时的冷量；
液态空气释能发电系统，用于对从冷凝蒸发器出来的气态压缩空气进行加热以及利用压缩空气膨胀做功发电。
本发明通过采用液化天然气来回收液化空气气化时的冷量，简化了设备，提高了蓄冷效率，有助于提高液化空气储能的技术经济性，并加快其推广应用。
根据本发明的一个实施例，所述液化空气储能系统包括：
空气压缩机组，用于将大气中的空气压缩为高温高压的气态空气；
热能回收装置，用于对空气压缩过程中产生的热能进行收集；
增压膨胀机，包括增压端和膨胀端，增压端用于增加空气压缩机组排出的气态空气的压力，并将经过冷却器的气态空气进入主换热器进行深冷降温；膨胀端用于将经过深冷降温的一股液态空气进行膨胀做功，产生的功推动增压端以及使膨胀至低压的空气进入气液分离器；
液化空气膨胀机，用于将经过深冷降温的一股液态空气膨胀至低压并回收压力能，推动增压端以及使膨胀至低压的空气进入气液分离器；
气液分离器，用于液态空气和气态空气的分离，并使分离出的气态空气流入主换热器复热，然后再进入空气压缩机组中；
液化空气储罐，用于储存从气液分离器分离出的液态空气；
液化空气增压泵，用于对从液化空气储罐出来的液态空气进行增压，使增压后的液态空气进入所述冷凝蒸发器；
冷罐，设置在所述液态空气释能发电系统和热能回收装置之间，用于存储低温换热介质；
热罐，设置在所述液态空气释能发电系统和热能回收装置之间，用于存储高温换热介质。
根据本发明的一个实施例，所述空气压缩机组包括空压机、空冷塔和循环增压机，所述热能回收装置包括第一后冷器和第二后冷器，空压机的出口空气依序经过第一后冷器、空冷塔、循环增压机、第二后冷器后进入所述增压端中；第一后冷器和第二后冷器的入水口都连接至冷罐，第一后冷器和第二后冷器的出水口都连接至热罐。
第一后冷器用于回收空压机出口空气的热量；空冷塔用于冷却第一后冷器出来的空气；循环增压机用于将空冷塔出来的空气进一步增压；第二后冷器用于回收循环增压机出口空气中的热量。
根据本发明的一个实施例，所述空压机的入口连接有空气过滤器，用于对来自大气中的空气进行过滤处理以除去颗粒物；所述空冷塔和所述循环增压机之间设置有分子筛吸附器，用于吸附空气中的水分、二氧化碳和碳氢化合物，分子筛吸附器在生产液态空气时吸附，在不生产液态空气时解析，交替运行。
根据本发明的一个实施例，所述液态空气释能发电系统包括透平进气加热器和透平发电机组，透平进气加热器，用于加热进入透平发电机组的压缩空气，透平发电机组用于压缩空气膨胀做功发电。
根据本发明的一个实施例，一个所述透平进气加热器和一个所述透平发电机组相连组成一段发电单元；发电单元相互串联；所述液态空气释能发电系统包括至少两段发电单元。
根据本发明的一个实施例，每一段发电单元的所述透平进气加热器的入水口都连接至所述热罐的出口，所述透平进气加热器的出水口都连接至所述冷罐的入口。
根据本发明的一个实施例，所述天然气管网和所述冷凝蒸发器之间设置有天然气净化装置，天然气净化装置用于深度脱除天然气中的水、二氧化碳、硫化氢组分。
根据本发明的另一方面，提供一种采用液化天然气蓄冷的液化空气储能方法，根据上述任意一种采用液化天然气蓄冷的液化空气储能系统完成，该方法包括以下步骤：
储能步骤:将大气中的空气压缩为高温高压的气态空气；将空气压缩过程中产生的热能进行收集，热罐存储该热能；将从第二后冷器出来的压缩空气进入主换热器中冷却，从主换热器出来的一股空气从主换热器中间抽出进入膨胀端膨胀至低压后进入气液分离器，另一股空气出来后被液化，进入液化空气膨胀机膨胀至低压后进入气液分离器，气液分离器顶部出来的气态空气经主换热器复热后进入循环增压机，气液分离器底部出来的液态空气进入液化空气储罐；从液化天然气储罐出来的液化天然气经液化天然气增压泵增压后进入主换热器复热，再进入天然气管网；
释能步骤：液化空气气化膨胀发电，并用液化空气气化冷量生产液化天然气。
根据本发明的一个实施例，所述释能步骤具体包括：
从液化空气储罐出来的液态空气经液化空气增压泵增压后进入冷凝蒸发器气化，同时从天然气管网出来的高压天然气经天然气净化装置净化后进入冷凝蒸发器液化，再经液化天然气膨胀机膨胀后进入液化天然气储罐，气化后的空气经透平进气加热器加热后进入透平发电机组膨胀发电，同时从热罐中出来的高温换热介质经透平进加热器将热量传递给空气后变成低温换热介质，再进入冷罐储存。
本发明附加的方面和优点将在下面的描述中部分给出，部分将从下面的描述中变得明显，或通过本发明的实践了解到。
附图说明
本发明上述的和/或附加的方面和优点从下面结合附图对实施例的描述中将变得明显和容易理解，其中：
图1是本发明一实施例提出的采用液化天然气蓄冷的液化空气储能系统的结构示意图。
附图标记说明：
空气过滤器1、空压机2、第一后冷器3、空冷塔4、分子筛吸附器5、循环增压机6、第二后冷器7、增压端8、冷却器9、主换热器10、膨胀端11、液化空气膨胀机12、气液分离器13、液化空气储罐14、液化天然气储罐15、液化天然气增压泵16、冷罐17、热罐18、液化空气增压泵21、冷凝蒸发器22、天然气净化装置23、天然气管网24、液化天然气膨胀机25、透平进气加热器26、透平发电机组27。
具体实施方式
下面详细描述本发明的实施例，所述实施例的示例在附图中示出，其中自始至终相同或类似的标号表示相同或类似的元件或具有相同或类似功能的元件。下面通过参考附图描述的实施例是示例性的，仅用于解释本发明，而不能理解为对本发明的限制。相反，本发明的实施例包括落入所附加权利要求书的精神和内涵范围内的所有变化、修改和等同物。
图1是本发明一实施例提出的的采用液化天然气蓄冷的液化空气储能系统的结构示意图。
参见图1，本发明第一方面提供一种采用液化天然气蓄冷的液化空气储能系统，包括：液化空气储能系统、天然气管网24、液化天然气膨胀机25、液化天然气储罐15、液化天然气增压泵16和液态空气释能发电系统。其中，液化空气储能系统，用于将大气中的空气转化为液态空气和回收液态空气气化时的冷量；天然气管网24，用于输入和输出高压气态天然气；冷凝蒸发器22，用于对液态空气气化过程和高压气态天然气液化过程进行换热，其中，液态空气来自液化空气储能系统，高压气态天然气来自天然气管网24；液化天然气膨胀机25，用于对从冷凝蒸发器22出来的高压液态天然气膨胀至低压并做功回收压力能；液化天然气储罐15，用于储存从液化天然气膨胀机25出来的液态天然气；液化天然气增压泵16，用于对从液化天然气储罐15出来的液态天然气增压，并将增压后的液态天然气进入液化空气储能系统，回收液态空气气化时的冷量；液态空气释能发电系统，用于对从冷凝蒸发器22出来的气态压缩空气进行加热以及利用压缩空气膨胀做功发电。
基于本发明上述实施例提供的液化空气储能系统，通过采用液化天然气来回收液化空气气化时的冷量，简化了设备，提高了蓄冷效率，有助于提高液化空气储能的技术经济性。
作为一种可能实现的方式，天然气管网24和冷凝蒸发器22之间设置有天然气净化装置23，天然气净化装置23可以深度脱除天然气中的水、二氧化碳、硫化氢等组分，防止破坏系统运转。
在一些实施例中，液化空气储能系统包括：空气压缩机组、增压膨胀机、液化空气膨胀机12、气液分离器13、液化空气储罐14、液化空气增压泵21、冷罐17和热罐18。其中空气压缩机组，用于将大气中的空气压缩为高温高压的气态空气。
热能回收装置，用于对空气压缩过程中产生的热能进行收集。
增压膨胀机，包括增压端8和膨胀端11，增压端8用于增加空气压缩机组排出的气态空气的压力，并将经过冷却器9的气态空气进入主换热器10进行深冷降温；膨胀端11用于将经过深冷降温的一股液态空气进行膨胀做功，产生的功推动增压端8以及使膨胀至低压的空气进入气液分离器13。
液化空气膨胀机12，用于将经过深冷降温的一股液态空气膨胀至低压并回收压力能，推动增压端8以及使膨胀至低压的空气进入气液分离器13。
气液分离器13，用于液态空气和气态空气的分离，并使分离出的气态空气流入主换热器10复热，然后再进入空气压缩机组中。
液化空气储罐14，用于储存从气液分离器13分离出的液态空气。
液化空气增压泵21，用于对从液化空气储罐14出来的液态空气进行增压，使增压后的液态空气进入冷凝蒸发器22。
冷罐17，设置在液态空气释能发电系统和热能回收装置之间，用于存储低温换热介质。
热罐18，设置在液态空气释能发电系统和热能回收装置之间，用于存储高温换热介质。
在一些实施例中，空气压缩机组包括空压机2、空冷塔4和循环增压机6，热能回收装置包括第一后冷器3和第二后冷器7，空压机2的出口空气依序经过第一后冷器3、空冷塔4、循环增压机6、第二后冷器7后进入增压端8中；第一后冷器3和第二后冷器7的入水口都连接至冷罐17，第一后冷器3和第二后冷器7的出水口都连接至热罐18。
第一后冷器3用于回收空压机2出口空气的热量；空冷塔4用于冷却第一后冷器3出来的空气；循环增压机6用于将空冷塔4出来的空气进一步增压；第二后冷器7用于回收循环增压机6出口空气中的热量。
可以理解的是，由于空压机2和循环增压机6的排气温度都很高，因此必须进行降温前处理。
在一些实施例中，空压机2的入口连接有空气过滤器1，空气过滤器1可以对来自大气中的空气进行过滤处理以除去颗粒物，减少对空压机2的损害。空冷塔4和循环增压机6之间设置有分子筛吸附器5，分子筛吸附器5可以吸附空气中的水分、二氧化碳和碳氢化合物，分子筛吸附器5在生产液态空气时吸附，在不生产液态空气时解析，交替运行。
在一些实施例中，液态空气释能发电系统包括透平进气加热器26和透平发电机组27，透平进气加热器26，用于加热进入透平发电机组27的压缩空气，透平发电机组27用于压缩空气膨胀做功发电。
作为一种可能实现的方式，一个透平进气加热器26和一个透平发电机组27相连组成一段发电单元；发电单元相互串联；液态空气释能发电系统包括至少两段发电单元。通过增加发电单元的段数，可以进一步提升发电系统的发电能力。
在一些实施例中，每一段发电单元的透平进气加热器26的入水口都连接至热罐18的出口，透平进气加热器26的出水口都连接至冷罐17的入口。也就是说，透平进气加热器26的加热热量来自热罐18。
本发明的第二方面提供一种采用液化天然气蓄冷的液化空气储能方法，根据任意一种采用液化天然气蓄冷的液化空气储能系统完成，该方法包括以下步骤：
储能步骤:将大气中的空气压缩为高温高压的气态空气；将空气压缩过程中产生的热能进行收集，热罐18存储该热能；将从第二后冷器7出来的压缩空气进入主换热器10中冷却，从主换热器10出来的一股空气从主换热器10中间抽出进入膨胀端11膨胀至低压后进入气液分离器13，另一股空气出来后被液化，进入液化空气膨胀机12膨胀至低压后进入气液分离器13，气液分离器13顶部出来的气态空气经主换热器10复热后进入循环增压机6，气液分离器13底部出来的液态空气进入液化空气储罐14；从液化天然气储罐15出来的液化天然气经液化天然气增压泵16增压后进入主换热器10复热，再进入天然气管网24。
释能步骤：液化空气气化膨胀发电，并用液化空气气化冷量生产液化天然气。释能步骤具体包括：从液化空气储罐14出来的液态空气经液化空气增压泵21增压后进入冷凝蒸发器22气化，同时从天然气管网24出来的高压天然气经天然气净化装置23净化后进入冷凝蒸发器22液化，再经液化天然气膨胀机25膨胀后进入液化天然气储罐15，气化后的空气经透平进气加热器26加热后进入透平发电机组27膨胀发电，同时从热罐18中出来的高温换热介质经透平进加热器26将热量传递给空气后变成低温换热介质，再进入冷罐17储存。
本发明实施例的第二个方面提出的采用液化天然气蓄冷的液化空气储能方法，可以达到与之对应的前述任意系统实施例相同或者类似的效果。
需要说明的是，在本发明的描述中，术语“第一”、“第二”等仅用于描述目的，而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性。此外，在本发明的描述中，除非另有说明，“多个”的含义是两个或两个以上。
在本说明书的描述中，参考术语“一个实施例”、“一些实施例”、“示例”、“具体示例”、或“一些示例”等的描述意指结合该实施例或示例描述的具体特征、结构、材料或者特点包含于本发明的至少一个实施例或示例中。在本说明书中，对上述术语的示意性表述不一定指的是相同的实施例或示例。而且，描述的具体特征、结构、材料或者特点可以在任何的一个或多个实施例或示例中以合适的方式结合。
尽管上面已经示出和描述了本发明的实施例，可以理解的是，上述实施例是示例性的，不能理解为对本发明的限制，本领域的普通技术人员在本发明的范围内可以对上述实施例进行变化、修改、替换和变型。

Claims (9)

1.一种采用液化天然气蓄冷的液化空气储能系统，其特征在于，包括：
液化空气储能系统，用于将大气中的空气转化为液态空气和回收液态空气气化时的冷量；
天然气管网(24)，用于输入和输出高压气态天然气；
冷凝蒸发器(22)，用于对液态空气气化过程和高压气态天然气液化过程进行换热，其中，液态空气来自液化空气储能系统，高压气态天然气来自天然气管网(24)；
液化天然气膨胀机(25)，用于对从冷凝蒸发器(22)出来的高压液态天然气膨胀至低压并做功回收压力能；
液化天然气储罐(15)，用于储存从液化天然气膨胀机(25)出来的液态天然气；
液化天然气增压泵(16)，用于对从液化天然气储罐(15)出来的液态天然气增压，并将增压后的液态天然气进入液化空气储能系统，回收液态空气气化时的冷量；
液态空气释能发电系统，用于对从冷凝蒸发器(22)出来的气态压缩空气进行加热以及利用压缩空气膨胀做功发电，
所述液化空气储能系统包括：
空气压缩机组，用于将大气中的空气压缩为高温高压的气态空气；
热能回收装置，用于对空气压缩过程中产生的热能进行收集；
增压膨胀机，包括增压端(8)和膨胀端(11)，增压端(8)用于增加空气压缩机组排出的气态空气的压力，并将经过冷却器(9)的气态空气进入主换热器(10)进行深冷降温；膨胀端(11)用于将经过深冷降温的一股液态空气进行膨胀做功，产生的功推动增压端(8)以及使膨胀至低压的空气进入气液分离器(13)；
液化空气膨胀机(12)，用于将经过深冷降温的一股液态空气膨胀至低压并回收压力能，推动增压端(8)以及使膨胀至低压的空气进入气液分离器(13)；
气液分离器(13)，用于液态空气和气态空气的分离，并使分离出的气态空气流入主换热器(10)复热，然后再进入空气压缩机组中；
液化空气储罐(14)，用于储存从气液分离器(13)分离出的液态空气；
液化空气增压泵(21)，用于对从液化空气储罐(14)出来的液态空气进行增压，使增压后的液态空气进入所述冷凝蒸发器(22)；
冷罐(17)，设置在所述液态空气释能发电系统和热能回收装置之间，用于存储低温换热介质；
热罐(18)，设置在所述液态空气释能发电系统和热能回收装置之间，用于存储高温换热介质。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种采用液化天然气蓄冷的液化空气储能系统，其特征在于，所述空气压缩机组包括空压机(2)、空冷塔(4)和循环增压机(6)，所述热能回收装置包括第一后冷器(3)和第二后冷器(7)，空压机(2)的出口空气依序经过第一后冷器(3)、空冷塔(4)、循环增压机(6)、第二后冷器(7)后进入所述增压端(8)中；第一后冷器(3)和第二后冷器(7)的入水口都连接至冷罐(17)，第一后冷器(3)和第二后冷器(7)的出水口都连接至热罐(18)；
第一后冷器(3)用于回收空压机(2)出口空气的热量；空冷塔(4)用于冷却第一后冷器(3)出来的空气；循环增压机(6)用于将空冷塔(4)出来的空气进一步增压；第二后冷器(7)用于回收循环增压机(6)出口空气中的热量。
3.根据权利要求2所述的一种采用液化天然气蓄冷的液化空气储能系统，其特征在于，所述空压机(2)的入口连接有空气过滤器(1)，用于对来自大气中的空气进行过滤处理以除去颗粒物；所述空冷塔(4)和所述循环增压机(6)之间设置有分子筛吸附器(5)，用于吸附空气中的水分、二氧化碳和碳氢化合物，分子筛吸附器(5)在生产液态空气时吸附，在不生产液态空气时解析，交替运行。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种采用液化天然气蓄冷的液化空气储能系统，其特征在于，所述液态空气释能发电系统包括透平进气加热器(26)和透平发电机组(27)，透平进气加热器(26)，用于加热进入透平发电机组(27)的压缩空气，透平发电机组(27)用于压缩空气膨胀做功发电。
5.根据权利要求4所述的一种采用液化天然气蓄冷的液化空气储能系统，其特征在于，一个所述透平进气加热器(26)和一个所述透平发电机组(27)相连组成一段发电单元；发电单元相互串联；所述液态空气释能发电系统包括至少两段发电单元。
6.根据权利要求5所述的一种采用液化天然气蓄冷的液化空气储能系统，其特征在于，
每一段发电单元的所述透平进气加热器(26)的入水口都连接至所述热罐(18)的出口，所述透平进气加热器(26)的出水口都连接至所述冷罐(17)的入口。
7.根据权利要求1所述的一种采用液化天然气蓄冷的液化空气储能系统，其特征在于，所述天然气管网(24)和所述冷凝蒸发器(22)之间设置有天然气净化装置(23)，天然气净化装置(23)用于深度脱除天然气中的水、二氧化碳、硫化氢组分。
8.一种采用液化天然气蓄冷的液化空气储能方法，其特征在于，根据权利要求1-7任意一项所述的一种采用液化天然气蓄冷的液化空气储能系统完成，该方法包括以下步骤：
储能步骤:将大气中的空气压缩为高温高压的气态空气；将空气压缩过程中产生的热能进行收集，热罐(18)存储该热能；将从第二后冷器(7)出来的压缩空气进入主换热器(10)中冷却，从主换热器(10)出来的一股空气从主换热器(10)中间抽出进入膨胀端(11)膨胀至低压后进入气液分离器(13)，另一股空气出来后被液化，进入液化空气膨胀机(12)膨胀至低压后进入气液分离器(13)，气液分离器(13)顶部出来的气态空气经主换热器(10)复热后进入循环增压机(6)，气液分离器(13)底部出来的液态空气进入液化空气储罐(14)；从液化天然气储罐(15)出来的液化天然气经液化天然气增压泵(16)增压后进入主换热器(10)复热，再进入天然气管网(24)；
释能步骤：液化空气气化膨胀发电，并用液化空气气化冷量生产液化天然气。
9.根据权利要求8所述的一种采用液化天然气蓄冷的液化空气储能方法，所述释能步骤具体包括：
从液化空气储罐(14)出来的液态空气经液化空气增压泵(21)增压后进入冷凝蒸发器(22)气化，同时从天然气管网(24)出来的高压天然气经天然气净化装置(23)净化后进入冷凝蒸发器(22)液化，再经液化天然气膨胀机(25)膨胀后进入液化天然气储罐(15)，气化后的空气经透平进气加热器(26)加热后进入透平发电机组(27)膨胀发电，同时从热罐(18)中出来的高温换热介质经透平进加热器(26)将热量传递给空气后变成低温换热介质，再进入冷罐(17)储存。
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