CN113929493A - Ceramic surface toughening process based on carbon nano powder heat sink procedure - Google Patents
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- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 131
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 52
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 39
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 39
- 239000011858 nanopowder Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 34
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 50
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000004814 ceramic processing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000007598 dipping method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 44
- KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorane Chemical compound F KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 34
- 239000011805 ball Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000003760 magnetic stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011807 nanoball Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 16
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 abstract description 6
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium chloride Chemical compound [Li+].[Cl-] KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 8
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000012466 permeate Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009776 industrial production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009991 scouring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012745 toughening agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 1
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- C04B41/00—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone
- C04B41/80—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone of only ceramics
- C04B41/81—Coating or impregnation
- C04B41/85—Coating or impregnation with inorganic materials
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B41/00—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone
- C04B41/45—Coating or impregnating, e.g. injection in masonry, partial coating of green or fired ceramics, organic coating compositions for adhering together two concrete elements
- C04B41/50—Coating or impregnating, e.g. injection in masonry, partial coating of green or fired ceramics, organic coating compositions for adhering together two concrete elements with inorganic materials
- C04B41/5001—Coating or impregnating, e.g. injection in masonry, partial coating of green or fired ceramics, organic coating compositions for adhering together two concrete elements with inorganic materials with carbon or carbonisable materials
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Abstract
The invention discloses a ceramic surface toughening process based on a carbon nano powder heat sink process, which belongs to the technical field of ceramic processing and solves the problem of toughening treatment work on the ceramic surface by setting a better toughening process, then a prepared ceramic body is placed in a ceramic processing furnace, the temperature and the processing time of the processing furnace are controlled, the pre-oxidation treatment work is carried out on the outer surface of the ceramic, a pore-forming agent is adopted to carry out micro drilling treatment on the processed ceramic body, a stirring device is used for preparing mixed liquid, the ceramic body after dipping treatment is placed in a heat sink box, so that the carbon nano powder is uniformly heat-absorbed in the ceramic body, the toughening process on the ceramic body is completed, the ceramic body is firstly toughened and dried by liquid, the outer surface of the ceramic body is preliminarily toughened, then the toughening powder is injected into micropores, so that the whole outer surface of the ceramic has stronger toughness, thereby strengthening the surface toughening effect of the ceramic body and enhancing the use effect.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of ceramic processing, and particularly relates to a ceramic surface toughening process based on a carbon nano powder heat sink process.
Background
Industrial ceramics, i.e. ceramics for industrial production and industrial products, are one kind of fine ceramics, which can perform mechanical, thermal, chemical and other functions in application, and because industrial ceramics have a series of advantages of high temperature resistance, corrosion resistance, wear resistance, scouring resistance and the like, industrial ceramics can replace metal materials and organic high molecular materials to be used in harsh working environments, and become an essential important material in traditional industrial transformation, emerging industries and high and new technologies.
When the surface of the industrial ceramic is toughened, the surface is toughened in a mode of coating a toughening agent on the surface, but the toughening mode is too single-sided, so that a good toughening effect cannot be achieved, the use effect of the ceramic body is poor, and a good toughening process is not set for toughening the surface of the ceramic, so that the industrial ceramic achieves a good use effect.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems existing in the scheme, the invention provides a ceramic surface toughening process based on a carbon nano powder heat sink process.
The purpose of the invention can be realized by the following technical scheme: the ceramic surface toughening process based on the carbon nano powder heat sink procedure comprises the following steps:
s1, preparing carbon nano powder: placing the carbon nano-ball tube in a processing bin of a high-energy ball mill, introducing an external magnetic field, and processing and polishing the ball tube to prepare powder;
s2, surface pre-oxidation treatment: placing a ceramic body prepared in advance in a ceramic processing furnace, controlling the temperature and the processing time of the processing furnace, and carrying out pre-oxidation treatment on the outer surface of the ceramic;
s3, surface micropore treatment: coating a pore-forming agent on the inner surface of the ceramic to enable the pore-forming agent to be uniformly attached to the inner wall of the ceramic, and then placing the ceramic in a sintering furnace to perform sintering treatment on the whole ceramic;
s4, immersion treatment: mixing half of the prepared powder with ethanol, preparing a mixed solution by using a stirring device, and putting the treated ceramic body into the mixed solution for dipping treatment;
s5, powder heat sink working: and (3) placing the ceramic body subjected to the dipping treatment in a special powder hot caisson, and controlling the heating temperature and duration to ensure that the carbon nano powder is uniformly thermally deposited in the ceramic body so as to finish the toughening procedure of the ceramic body.
Preferably, in the step S1, the internal rotation speed of the high-energy ball mill is set at 150-.
Preferably, the pre-oxidation temperature in the ceramic processing furnace in the step S2 is set at 180-320 ℃, the pre-oxidation time is set at 1-2h, and after the pre-oxidation is completed, the temperature needs to be kept for 2-4 h.
Preferably, in the step S3, the pore-forming agent contains hydrofluoric acid as a main component, the mass fraction of the hydrofluoric acid is 10-15%, the hydrofluoric acid is placed inside the whole ceramic blank, the hydrofluoric acid is completely permeated into the ceramic blank, the ceramic blank is kept stand for 5-10min, carbon nano powder is coated on the inner surface of the ceramic blank, and after the coating is uniformly completed, the sintering operation is performed, and the sintering time is controlled within 30-40 min.
Preferably, the mass fraction of the ethanol solution in the step S4 is 40-90%, the stirring device is a magnetic stirrer, and the rotating speed of an internal motor is set at 200-300 r/min.
Preferably, when the mixed solution is prepared in step S4, ethanol is heated in advance to 30-45 ℃, and then the prepared powder is put into ethanol and the mixed solution is stirred by magnetic stirring.
Preferably, when the powder dedicated heat sink box is used in step S5, the ceramic body needs to be clamped and fixed in advance, the internal heating temperature is controlled at 100-.
Preferably, in the step S5, a vibrator is disposed inside the dedicated hot caisson, the vibrator is configured to uniformly scatter the powder inside the ceramic body, and after scattering of the powder is completed, the surface of the ceramic body is cleaned and polished.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the processed ceramic body is subjected to surface smearing treatment by using a pore-forming agent, and the pore-forming agent contains hydrofluoric acid which has strong corrosivity and can generate corrosion micropores on the inner wall of the ceramic surface, so that carbon nano-powder can permeate into the micropores in the micropore forming process, external magnetic fields are arranged on two sides of a high-energy ball mill to form relative magnetic fields for attaching the powder to the output end of the ball mill, the grinding effect of the whole powder can be better, and the powder is prevented from being distributed around the ball mill to cause the grinding effect to be poor;
make the even heat sink of carbon nano-powder inside ceramic body, accomplish the process of toughening to ceramic body, to ceramic body earlier with liquid to toughening and drying, make ceramic body surface accomplish tentatively toughening, inject into again to its micropore and toughen the powder, make whole ceramic surface have stronger toughness to strengthen ceramic body's surface toughening effect, reinforcing result of use.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of the method of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the following embodiments, and it should be understood that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The invention provides two embodiments
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1, the ceramic surface toughening process based on the carbon nano-powder heat sink procedure comprises the following steps:
s1, preparing carbon nano powder: placing the carbon nano-ball tube in a processing bin of a high-energy ball mill, introducing an external magnetic field, and processing and polishing the ball tube to prepare powder;
s2, surface pre-oxidation treatment: placing a ceramic body prepared in advance in a ceramic processing furnace, setting the pre-oxidation temperature at 180 ℃ and the pre-oxidation time duration at 1h, and carrying out pre-oxidation treatment on the outer surface of the ceramic;
s3, surface micropore treatment: coating a pore-forming agent on the inner surface of the ceramic to enable the pore-forming agent to be uniformly attached to the inner wall of the ceramic, and then placing the ceramic in a sintering furnace to perform sintering treatment on the whole ceramic;
s4, immersion treatment: mixing half of the prepared powder with ethanol, preparing a mixed solution by using a stirring device, and putting the treated ceramic body into the mixed solution for dipping treatment;
s5, powder heat sink working: and (3) placing the ceramic body after the dipping treatment in a special powder hot caisson, controlling the heating temperature at 100 ℃ and the heating time at 30min, so that the carbon nano powder is uniformly thermally deposited in the ceramic body, and completing the toughening procedure of the ceramic body.
In the step S1, the internal rotating speed of the high-energy ball mill is set at 150r/min, and external magnetic fields are arranged on two sides of the high-energy ball mill to form relative magnetic fields for attaching the powder to the output end of the ball mill, so that the whole powder grinding effect is better, and the powder is prevented from being distributed around the ball mill to cause the grinding effect to be poor.
And (S2) after the pre-oxidation of the ceramic body is finished, heat preservation is needed for 2 hours, the heat preservation ensures that the surface of the ceramic body is pre-oxidized more thoroughly, and a better pre-oxidation treatment effect can be achieved.
In the step S3, the pore former mainly contains hydrofluoric acid with the internal main component of 10% by mass, and also contains lithium chloride and water respectively, the content ratio of the lithium chloride to the water is 2: 1, the hydrofluoric acid is placed in the whole ceramic blank and evenly coated on the inner wall of the ceramic blank, so that the hydrofluoric acid completely permeates into the ceramic blank, the ceramic blank is kept stand for 5min, carbon nano-powder is coated on the inner surface of the ceramic blank, sintering is carried out after the coating is even, the sintering time is controlled within 30min, the pore former can evaporate and disappear in the sintering process, after the pore former disappears, a plurality of nano-micropores can be left in the ceramic, and the carbon nano-powder can permeate into the micropores in the micropore forming process.
In the step S4, the mass fraction of the ethanol solution is 40%, the stirring device is a magnetic stirrer, the rotating speed of an internal motor is set at 200r/min, the magnetic stirrer has a good stirring effect on the whole solution, the powder and the ethanol solution are better and fully contacted in the stirring process, and the magnetic stirrer is used for simultaneously heating and stirring the liquid or the solid-liquid mixture with low viscosity.
When the mixed solution is prepared in step S4, ethanol needs to be heated in advance to 30 ℃, the prepared powder is put into ethanol, and the mixed solution is stirred by magnetic stirring, wherein the heating of ethanol is used to reach a better fusion point between ethanol and powder, so that the powder can be rapidly fused in the ethanol solution, thereby improving the fusion degree.
When the special heat sink box for powder is used in the step S5, the ceramic body needs to be clamped and fixed in advance, the clamping and fixing mechanism is arranged inside the special heat sink box and can clamp the ceramic body, the clamping and fixing mechanism is in a rotatable state when clamping is carried out, when the special heat sink box rotates, the powder is enabled to uniformly scatter on the outer surface of the ceramic body and to be uniformly embedded into the micropores, and a good reinforcing and toughening effect is achieved.
In the step S5, an oscillator is arranged inside the special hot caisson, the oscillator is used for uniformly scattering the powder inside the ceramic body, and after the powder is completely scattered, the surface of the ceramic body is cleaned and polished;
the internal portion of oscillator is provided with leaks the net, leaks the even carbon nanometer powder of laying in net upper end, and the oscillator is when swinging, alright make the powder evenly spill, and the ceramic body is in the rotation state, and the ceramic body can make the powder imbed to the micropore in rotating the in-process, and outside personnel carry out the little processing of polishing to the ceramic body surface again, again carry out coating film mopping treatment work on whole ceramic body surface, accomplish the surface toughening work to whole ceramic body, reach better toughening effect.
Example 2
As shown in fig. 1, the ceramic surface toughening process based on the carbon nano-powder heat sink process includes the following steps:
s1, preparing carbon nano powder: placing the carbon nano-ball tube in a processing bin of a high-energy ball mill, introducing an external magnetic field, and processing and polishing the ball tube to prepare powder;
s2, surface pre-oxidation treatment: placing a ceramic body prepared in advance in a ceramic processing furnace, setting the pre-oxidation temperature at 320 ℃, setting the pre-oxidation time at 2h, and carrying out pre-oxidation treatment on the outer surface of the ceramic;
s3, surface micropore treatment: coating a pore-forming agent on the inner surface of the ceramic to enable the pore-forming agent to be uniformly attached to the inner wall of the ceramic, and then placing the ceramic in a sintering furnace to perform sintering treatment on the whole ceramic;
s4, immersion treatment: mixing half of the prepared powder with ethanol, preparing a mixed solution by using a stirring device, and putting the treated ceramic body into the mixed solution for dipping treatment;
s5, powder heat sink working: and (3) placing the ceramic body after the dipping treatment in a special powder hot caisson, controlling the heating temperature at 150 ℃ and the heating time at 40min, so that the carbon nano powder is uniformly thermally deposited in the ceramic body, and completing the toughening procedure of the ceramic body.
In step S1, the internal rotation speed of the high-energy ball mill is set at 300r/min, and external magnetic fields are arranged on two sides of the high-energy ball mill to form relative magnetic fields for attaching powder to the output end of the ball mill.
And in the step S2, after the pre-oxidation of the ceramic body is finished, heat preservation is needed for 4 hours.
In the step S3, the pore-forming agent mainly contains hydrofluoric acid with the internal main component of 15 mass percent, and also contains lithium chloride and water respectively, the content ratio of the lithium chloride to the water is 2: 1, the hydrofluoric acid is placed in the whole ceramic blank body, the hydrofluoric acid is kept standing for 10min after being completely permeated into the ceramic blank body, carbon nano powder is coated on the inner surface of the hydrofluoric acid, and after the coating is evenly completed, the sintering operation is carried out, and the sintering time is controlled within 40 min.
In the step S4, the mass fraction of the ethanol solution is 90%, the stirring device is a magnetic stirrer, and the rotating speed of an internal motor is set at 300 r/min.
When the mixed solution is prepared in step S4, ethanol needs to be heated in advance to 45 ℃, and then the prepared powder is put into ethanol, and the mixed solution is stirred by magnetic stirring.
When the powder dedicated heat sink box is used in step S5, the ceramic body needs to be clamped and fixed in advance.
And step S5, arranging an oscillator inside the special hot caisson, wherein the oscillator is used for uniformly scattering the powder inside the ceramic body, and cleaning and polishing the surface of the ceramic body after the powder is completely scattered.
The working principle is as follows: preparing and obtaining carbon nano powder in advance, placing the prepared ceramic body in a ceramic processing furnace, controlling the temperature and the processing time of the processing furnace, carrying out pre-oxidation treatment on the outer surface of the ceramic, smearing the processed ceramic body by adopting a pore-forming agent, mixing half of the prepared powder with ethanol, preparing a mixed solution by using a stirring device, placing the processed ceramic body in the mixed solution for dipping treatment, placing the dipped ceramic body in a special hot setting box for powder, controlling the heating temperature and the heating time to ensure that the carbon nano powder is uniformly heat-deposited in the ceramic body, completing the toughening process of the ceramic body, toughening and drying the ceramic body by using liquid firstly to toughen and dry the outer surface of the ceramic body preliminarily, injecting toughening powder into micropores to ensure that the outer surface of the whole ceramic has stronger toughness, thereby strengthening the surface toughening effect of the ceramic body and enhancing the use effect.
In the embodiments provided by the present invention, it should be understood that the disclosed apparatus, device and method can be implemented in other ways. For example, the above-described apparatus embodiments are merely illustrative, and for example, the division of the modules is only one logical functional division, and there may be other divisions when the actual implementation is performed; the modules described as separate parts may or may not be physically separate, and parts displayed as modules may or may not be physical units, may be located in one place, or may be distributed on a plurality of network units. Some or all of the modules may be selected according to actual needs to achieve the purpose of the method of the embodiment.
It will also be evident to those skilled in the art that the invention is not limited to the details of the foregoing illustrative embodiments, and that the present invention may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential attributes thereof.
The present embodiments are therefore to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive, the scope of the invention being indicated by the appended claims rather than by the foregoing description, and all changes which come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are therefore intended to be embraced therein. Any reference signs in the claims shall not be construed as limiting the claim concerned.
Furthermore, it is obvious that the word "comprising" does not exclude other elements or steps, and the singular does not exclude the plural. A plurality of units or means recited in the system claims may also be implemented by one unit or means in software or hardware. The second and like terms are used to denote the ceramic surface toughening process based on the carbon nanopowder heat sink procedure and do not denote any particular order.
Finally, it should be noted that the above examples are only intended to illustrate the technical process of the present invention and not to limit the same, and although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that modifications or equivalent substitutions may be made to the technical process of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical process of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. The ceramic surface toughening process based on the carbon nano powder heat sink procedure is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
s1, preparing carbon nano powder: placing the carbon nano-ball tube in a processing bin of a high-energy ball mill, introducing an external magnetic field, and processing and polishing the ball tube to prepare powder;
s2, surface pre-oxidation treatment: placing a ceramic body prepared in advance in a ceramic processing furnace, controlling the temperature and the processing time of the processing furnace, and carrying out pre-oxidation treatment on the outer surface of the ceramic;
s3, surface micropore treatment: coating a pore-forming agent on the inner surface of the ceramic to enable the pore-forming agent to be uniformly attached to the inner wall of the ceramic, and then placing the ceramic in a sintering furnace to perform sintering treatment on the whole ceramic;
s4, immersion treatment: mixing half of the prepared powder with ethanol, preparing a mixed solution by using a stirring device, and putting the treated ceramic body into the mixed solution for dipping treatment;
s5, powder heat sink working: and (3) placing the ceramic body subjected to the dipping treatment in a special powder hot caisson, and controlling the heating temperature and duration to ensure that the carbon nano powder is uniformly thermally deposited in the ceramic body so as to finish the toughening procedure of the ceramic body.
2. The ceramic surface toughening process based on the carbon nano-powder heat sink procedure as recited in claim 1, wherein in step S1, the internal rotation speed of the high-energy ball mill is set at 150-300r/min, and external magnetic fields are disposed at two sides of the high-energy ball mill to form a relative magnetic field for attaching the powder to the output end of the ball mill.
3. The ceramic surface toughening process based on the carbon nano-powder heat sink procedure as recited in claim 1, wherein the pre-oxidation temperature in the ceramic processing furnace in step S2 is set at 180-.
4. The process of claim 1, wherein the pore former in step S3 comprises hydrofluoric acid, the mass fraction of hydrofluoric acid is 10-15%, the hydrofluoric acid is placed inside the entire ceramic body, the hydrofluoric acid is uniformly applied to the inner wall of the ceramic body, the ceramic body is left standing for 5-10min, the carbon nano-powder is applied to the inner surface of the ceramic body after the hydrofluoric acid is infiltrated into the ceramic body, and the sintering operation is performed after the carbon nano-powder is uniformly applied, and the sintering time is controlled within 30-40 min.
5. The ceramic surface toughening process based on the carbon nano-powder heat sink procedure as recited in claim 1, wherein in step S4, the mass fraction of ethanol in the ethanol solution is 40-90%, the stirring device is a magnetic stirrer, and the rotation speed of the internal motor is set at 200-300 r/min.
6. The ceramic surface toughening process based on the carbon nano powder heat sink procedure of claim 1, wherein in the step S4, when preparing the mixed solution, ethanol is heated in advance to 30-45 ℃, and then the prepared powder is put into ethanol, and the mixed solution is stirred by a magnetic stirring method.
7. The ceramic surface toughening process based on the carbon nano-powder heat sink procedure as recited in claim 1, wherein when the special powder heat sink box is used in step S5, the ceramic body is clamped and fixed in advance, the internal heating temperature is controlled at 100-150 ℃, and the heating duration is controlled at 30-40 min.
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