CN113926905A - Superplastic forming die and method for variable-section titanium alloy shell part - Google Patents
Superplastic forming die and method for variable-section titanium alloy shell part Download PDFInfo
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- CN113926905A CN113926905A CN202111236144.3A CN202111236144A CN113926905A CN 113926905 A CN113926905 A CN 113926905A CN 202111236144 A CN202111236144 A CN 202111236144A CN 113926905 A CN113926905 A CN 113926905A
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- 229910001069 Ti alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 13
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011241 protective layer Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 210000001503 joint Anatomy 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 210000002268 wool Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 235000017166 Bambusa arundinacea Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000017491 Bambusa tulda Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241001330002 Bambuseae Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000015334 Phyllostachys viridis Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011425 bamboo Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008094 contradictory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012937 correction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D26/00—Shaping without cutting otherwise than using rigid devices or tools or yieldable or resilient pads, i.e. applying fluid pressure or magnetic forces
- B21D26/02—Shaping without cutting otherwise than using rigid devices or tools or yieldable or resilient pads, i.e. applying fluid pressure or magnetic forces by applying fluid pressure
- B21D26/053—Shaping without cutting otherwise than using rigid devices or tools or yieldable or resilient pads, i.e. applying fluid pressure or magnetic forces by applying fluid pressure characterised by the material of the blanks
- B21D26/055—Blanks having super-plastic properties
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D37/00—Tools as parts of machines covered by this subclass
- B21D37/10—Die sets; Pillar guides
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D37/00—Tools as parts of machines covered by this subclass
- B21D37/16—Heating or cooling
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D37/00—Tools as parts of machines covered by this subclass
- B21D37/18—Lubricating, e.g. lubricating tool and workpiece simultaneously
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
- B23P15/00—Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
- Shaping Metal By Deep-Drawing, Or The Like (AREA)
Abstract
A superplastic forming die for variable cross-section titanium alloy shell parts comprises: a forming male die and a forming female die; a male die molded surface is arranged on the forming male die, and a female die molded surface is arranged on the forming female die; a pressure cavity is arranged in the convex model surface, an air inlet hole is arranged on the forming convex die and communicated to the pressure cavity, and an air inlet pipe is arranged on the air inlet hole; and the bottom of the forming female die is provided with an exhaust hole, and the exhaust hole extends upwards to the molded surface of the female die. When superplastic forming processing is carried out, a closed pressure space is formed by the blank and a pressure cavity on the molded surface of the male die, after the blank is heated to the superplastic temperature, the blank is subjected to superplastic deformation under the action of gas pressure and completely fits the molded surface of the female die to form a semi-part of the front shell of the second section of the spray pipe, and the semi-parts of the front shell of the second section of the spray pipe are welded to obtain the front shell part of the second section of the spray pipe.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of aeroengine part forming and processing, in particular to a superplastic forming die and a superplastic forming method for a variable-section titanium alloy shell part.
Background
The front shell part of the second section of the jet pipe of the aircraft engine (the structure is shown in figures 1 and 2), the front shell of the second section of the jet pipe is a titanium alloy sheet metal part with one end being a circle and the other end being an ellipse, the major axis of the ellipse is larger than the diameter of the circle, and the minor axis of the ellipse is smaller than the diameter of the circle; the technical conditions of the parts require that no more than 2 welding seams are formed along the longitudinal direction of the bus.
The titanium alloy has the defects of difficult forming of titanium alloy parts at normal temperature and low forming precision due to strong toughness, large viscosity, poor moisture and heat conductivity, small elastic modulus and strong chemical affinity of the titanium alloy at normal temperature. The part is formed by adopting the traditional hot forming method, and the shape correction can not be realized due to the variable cross-section structural characteristics of the part, so that the part meeting the product precision requirement can not be obtained.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention mainly aims to provide a superplastic forming die and a superplastic forming method for a variable cross-section titanium alloy shell part, and aims to solve the technical problems.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides a superplastic forming die for a variable cross-section titanium alloy shell part, which comprises: a forming male die and a forming female die; a male die molded surface is arranged on the forming male die, and a female die molded surface is arranged on the forming female die; a pressure cavity is arranged in the convex model surface, an air inlet hole is arranged on the forming convex die and communicated to the pressure cavity, and an air inlet pipe is arranged on the air inlet hole; and the bottom of the forming female die is provided with an exhaust hole, and the exhaust hole extends upwards to the molded surface of the female die.
Preferably, the female die surface comprises a first area and second areas on the front side and the rear side of the first area; the shape of the first area is consistent with that of a front housing half part of the second section of the spray pipe, and the second area is in smooth transition with the first area; and the clearance between the male die molded surface and the female die molded surface is 1.0-1.1 times of the thickness of half part of the front shell of the second section of the spray pipe.
Preferably, the second areas on the front side and the rear side of the first area are respectively provided with a rib groove; ribs are arranged on the molded surface of the male die; the left end and the right end of the rib groove on the two sides of the first area extend to the top surface of the forming female die and are connected to form a sealed ring shape; the left side and the right side of the forming male die are provided with lug plates, and two ends of the upper rib of the molded surface of the male die extend to the lower surfaces of the lug plates at two sides of the forming male die and are connected to form a closed ring; the rib groove corresponds to the position of the rib.
Preferably, the exhaust holes are located between two side edges of the first area and the rib grooves.
Preferably, a lightening hole is arranged on the forming male die.
Preferably, an exhaust groove is formed in the bottom plane of the forming female die, and the exhaust hole is communicated with the exhaust groove.
Preferably, a baffle is arranged on the front surface of the forming female die; when the forming male die and the forming female die are matched, the baffle abuts against the front end face of the forming male die.
Preferably, the forming male die and the forming female die are respectively provided with a lifting bolt.
The invention also provides a superplastic forming method of the variable cross-section titanium alloy shell part, which adopts the superplastic forming die of the variable cross-section titanium alloy shell part and comprises the following steps:
step S1: preparing a blank: the blank material includes cone section of thick bamboo portion and flange limit, and blank material preparation step is: calculating the size of a plate according to the development size of the half part of the front shell of the second section of the spray pipe and the machining allowance, blanking the plate to obtain fan-shaped rough materials, rolling and bending the fan-shaped rough materials to form a cone-shaped cylinder part, and then bending to form a flange edge;
step S2: coating a protective layer and a graphite layer: coating Ti-1# protective layers on the upper and lower surfaces of a blank material, the upper male die profile, the female die profile, the top surface of a forming female die and the lower surface of an upper lug plate of a forming male die, coating a graphite aqueous solution lubricant after drying, and naturally drying at room temperature;
step S3: superplastic forming: the method comprises the following steps that a superplastic forming die is arranged on a workbench of a hot press machine, an air pipe of the hot press machine is in butt joint with an air inlet pipe of the die, the hot press machine and the superplastic forming die are heated to a first set temperature, a blank material is placed in the superplastic forming die and is subjected to heat preservation, the flange edge of a blank material is placed on the top surface of a forming female die, the rest part of the upper conical cylinder part of the blank material is placed on a second area of the molded surface of the female die, after the blank material is heated to the first set temperature, the forming male die and the forming female die are closed to tightly press the blank material, argon is filled into the air inlet pipe and subjected to pressure preservation, when the temperature is reduced to a second set temperature, a part is taken out, and a semi-formed part is obtained after natural cooling;
step S4: cleaning the semi-formed part obtained in the step S3 to remove graphite; and after scribing, performing line cutting to obtain the front half part of the second section of the spray pipe, and welding the front half parts of the second sections of the two spray pipes to obtain the front half part of the second section of the spray pipe.
Preferably, in step S1, a TA15 plate is adopted for blanking; in step S3, the first set temperature is 800 to 1000 ℃, and the second set temperature is 400 to 700 ℃; the welding mode in step S4 is laser welding.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) when the superplastic forming die provided by the invention is used for superplastic forming processing, a closed pressure space is formed by the blank and the pressure cavity on the molded surface of the male die, the blank is heated to the superplastic temperature and is subjected to superplastic deformation under the action of gas pressure to be completely attached to the molded surface of the female die of the forming female die to obtain the front half part of the front part of the second section of the spray pipe, and the front half parts of the front part of the second section of the spray pipe are welded to obtain the front part of the second section of the spray pipe.
(2) The rib and the rib groove compress the blank material and play a role in sealing during die assembly by arranging the rib on the forming convex die and the rib groove on the forming concave die, so that the sealing performance of the superplastic forming die is enhanced.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the structures shown in the drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a front view of a front housing part of a second section of a nozzle;
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view A-A of the front housing part of FIG. 1 of the second section of the nozzle;
FIG. 3 is a schematic perspective view of a superplastic forming die for a titanium alloy shell part with a variable cross-section according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a front view of a superplastic forming die for a variable cross-section titanium alloy shell part provided by the invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic structural view of a forming punch in the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of the structure of the forming die of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view taken along line B-B of FIG. 4;
FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view taken along line C-C of FIG. 4
FIG. 9 is a front elevational view of a front housing half of the second section of the nozzle;
FIG. 10 is a left side elevational view of the forward housing half of the second section of the spout;
FIG. 11 is a front view of a blank of the present invention;
FIG. 12 is a right side view of the blank of the present invention;
FIG. 13 is a top view of a blank of the present invention;
FIG. 14 is a front view of a semi-formed part of the present invention;
FIG. 15 is a cross-sectional view taken along line D-D of FIG. 14;
FIG. 16 is a top view of a semi-formed part of the invention;
the reference numbers illustrate: 1-front housing parts of the second section of the nozzle; 2-the front shell of the second section of the spray pipe is divided into half parts; 3-blank of wool; 31-a cone portion; 32-flanged edge; 4-semi-formed part-; 100-forming a male die; 101-a male die profile; 102-a pressure chamber; 103-air inlet hole; 104-an air inlet pipe; 105-ribs; 106-lightening holes; 107-ear plate; 200-forming a female die; 201-a female die profile; 2011-first region; 2012-a second region; 202-vent hole; 203-rib grooves; 204-an exhaust groove; 300-a baffle; 400-hoisting bolt.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
It should be noted that all the directional indicators (such as up, down, left, right, front, and rear … …) in the embodiment of the present invention are only used to explain the relative position relationship between the components, the movement situation, etc. in a specific posture (as shown in the drawing), and if the specific posture is changed, the directional indicator is changed accordingly.
In addition, the descriptions related to "first", "second", etc. in the present invention are for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one such feature. In addition, technical solutions between various embodiments may be combined with each other, but must be realized by a person skilled in the art, and when the technical solutions are contradictory or cannot be realized, such a combination should not be considered to exist, and is not within the protection scope of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1, the structural schematic diagram of a front housing part 1 of a second section of the nozzle is shown, the part is a titanium alloy sheet metal part with one end being a circle and the other end being an ellipse, the major axis of the ellipse is larger than the diameter of the circle, the minor axis of the ellipse is smaller than the diameter of the circle, namely, the positive end of the part in the X direction is a circle, the negative end of the part in the X direction is an ellipse, and the part gradually transitions from the ellipse to the circle along the X direction; front housing part 1 of nozzle section ii is made of TA 15.
Fig. 9 and 10 show a structural schematic diagram of a second-stage front housing half-part 2 of the spray pipe, where the second-stage front housing half-part 2 of the spray pipe is a half-part of the second-stage front housing part 1 of the spray pipe divided into two parts along a symmetry plane where a major axis of an ellipse is located, a positive end in the X direction is semicircular, a negative end in the X direction is semielliptical, and the second-stage front housing half-part 2 of the spray pipe gradually transitions from semielliptical to semicircular along the X direction.
As shown in fig. 11 to 13, which are schematic structural views of the blank 3 in the present invention, the structure of the blank 3 includes a half cone-shaped cone portion 31 and flange edges 32 on both sides of the cone portion 31.
Fig. 1 to 8 show a specific embodiment of a superplastic forming die for a titanium alloy shell part with a variable cross-section, the superplastic forming die includes: a forming male die 100 and a forming female die 200; a male die surface 101 is arranged on the forming male die 100, and a female die surface 201 is arranged on the forming female die 200; a pressure cavity 102 is arranged in the male die surface 101, an air inlet hole 103 is arranged on the forming male die 100 and communicated with the pressure cavity 102, and an air inlet pipe 105 is arranged on the air inlet hole 103; on the bottom of the forming die 200, there are vent holes 202, said vent holes 202 extending up to said die profile 201.
In the present embodiment, as shown in fig. 5 and fig. 6, the female mold surface 201 includes a first region 2011 and second regions 2012 at the front and back sides of the first region 2011; the shape of the first region 2011 is consistent with that of a front housing half part of the second section of the spray pipe, and the second region 2012 is in smooth transition with the first region 2011; the clearance between the male die molded surface 101 and the female die molded surface 201 is 1.0-1.1 times of the thickness of half parts of a front shell of a second section of the spray pipe, in the embodiment, the forming male die 100 and the forming female die 200 are made of Ni7N, the scaling coefficient is calculated according to the die material and the linear expansion coefficient of TA15, and the scaling coefficient of the female die molded surface 201 and the male die molded surface 101 is 0.8-1.0.
In the present embodiment, as shown in fig. 5 and 6, the rib grooves 203 are respectively provided on the second regions 2012 at the front and rear sides of the first region 2011, and the distance from the rib groove 203 to the edge of the first region 2011 in the X direction is 20 mm; in addition, the projected area of the pressure chamber 102 on the XY plane is larger than the projected area of the first region 2011 on the XY plane, and the edge of the pressure chamber 102 on the punch profile 101 is 15mm away from the edge of the first region 2011 in the X direction. Ribs 105 are arranged on the male die surface 101; the left and right ends of the rib grooves 203 on the two sides of the first region 2011 extend to the top surface of the forming female die 200 and are connected to form a closed ring; ear plates 107 are arranged on the left side and the right side of the forming male die 100, and two ends of an upper rib 105 of the male die profile 101 extend to the lower surfaces of the ear plates 107 on the two sides of the forming male die 100 and are connected to form a closed ring; the rib grooves 203 correspond to the positions of the ribs 105. When the blank 3 is subjected to superplastic forming processing, the flange 31 of the blank 3 is placed on the top surface of the forming female die 200, the surplus part of the upper tapered barrel part 31 of the blank 3 is placed on the second region 2012 of the female die profile 201, when the forming male die 100 is matched with the forming female die 200, the lower surfaces of the lug plates 107 on two sides of the forming male die 100 press the flange 31 of the blank 3 on the top surfaces on two sides of the forming female die 200, the surplus part of the upper tapered barrel part 31 of the blank 3 is pressed on the second region 2012 of the female die profile 201 by the region except for the pressure cavity 102 on the male die profile 101, and the pressure cavity 102 forms a closed pressure space through the structure that the rib groove 203 is matched with the rib 105.
In this embodiment, as shown in fig. 6, the exhaust holes 202 are located between two side edges of the first area 2011 and the rib grooves 203, specifically, the number of the exhaust holes 202 is two, which are distributed along the X direction and located at two sides of the first area 2011, and the distance from the exhaust holes 202 to the edge of the first area 2011 is 10 mm. The exhaust hole 202 is located outside the first area 2011, so that the exhaust hole 202 can be prevented from damaging the surface of the molded part.
In the present embodiment, as shown in fig. 5, a lightening hole 106 is provided in the forming punch 100. The lightening holes 106 are provided for the purpose of lightening the weight of the forming punch 100 and facilitating the lifting movement of the die.
In this embodiment, as shown in fig. 6, an exhaust groove 205 is provided on the bottom plane of the forming die 200, and the exhaust hole 202 is communicated to the exhaust groove 205.
In the present embodiment, as shown in fig. 1 and 2, a baffle 300 is provided on the front surface of the forming die 100; when the forming male die 100 and the forming female die 200 are assembled, the baffle 300 is abutted against the front end face of the forming male die 100, specifically, the baffle 300 is arranged on the end face of the semicircular end face of the female die profile 201, and because the female die profile 201 is in a downward inclined shape along the positive direction X, the baffle 300 can be arranged to position the forming male die 100 during assembling and position the blank 3 during placing the blank 3.
In this embodiment, a hook bolt 400 is provided on each of the forming punch 100 and the forming die 200. The lifting bolt 400 is arranged to facilitate lifting movement of the mold.
The invention also provides a superplastic forming method of the variable cross-section titanium alloy shell part, which adopts the superplastic forming die of the variable cross-section titanium alloy shell part and comprises the following steps:
step S1: preparation of a wool blank 3: the blank 3 comprises a cone part 31 and a flange edge 32, and the blank material preparation steps are as follows: calculating the size of a plate according to the expanded size of the front half part 2 of the front shell of the second section of the spray pipe and the machining allowance, blanking by adopting a TA15 plate to obtain fan-shaped rough materials, rolling and bending the fan-shaped rough materials to form a cone-shaped cylinder part 31, and then bending to form a flange edge 32;
step S2: coating a protective layer and a graphite layer: coating Ti-1# protective layers on the upper and lower surfaces of the blank 3, the upper male die molded surface 101 of the superplastic forming die, the female die molded surface 201, the top surface of the forming female die 200 and the lower surface of the upper lug plate 107 of the forming male die 100, coating a graphite aqueous solution lubricant after drying, and naturally drying at room temperature;
step S3: superplastic forming: the method comprises the following steps that a superplastic forming die is arranged on a working table of a hot press, an air pipe of the hot press is in butt joint with an air inlet pipe 103 of the die, the hot press equipment and the superplastic forming die are heated to a first set temperature of 800-1000 ℃, a blank 3 is placed in the superplastic forming die and is subjected to heat preservation, a flange edge 31 of the blank 3 is placed on the top surface of a forming female die 200, the rest part of a cone part 31 on the blank 3 is placed on a second area 2012 of a female die molded surface 201, after the blank 3 is heated to the first set temperature of 800-1000 ℃, the forming male die 100 and the forming female die 200 are closed to compress the blank 3, argon gas is filled into the air inlet pipe 103 and is subjected to pressure preservation, the part is taken out when the temperature is reduced to a second set temperature of 400-700 ℃, and the half-formed part 4 is obtained after natural cooling;
step S4: cleaning the semi-formed part 4 obtained in step S3 to remove graphite; and after scribing, performing line cutting to obtain a front half part 2 of the second section of the spray pipe, and performing laser welding on the front half part 2 of the second section of the two spray pipes to obtain a front half part 1 of the second section of the spray pipe.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and all modifications and equivalents of the present invention, which are made by the contents of the present specification and the accompanying drawings, or directly/indirectly applied to other related technical fields, are included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides a variable cross section titanium alloy casing part superplastic forming die which characterized in that includes: a forming male die (100) and a forming female die (200);
a male die surface (101) is arranged on the forming male die (100), and a female die surface (201) is arranged on the forming female die (200);
a pressure cavity (102) is arranged in the male die molded surface (101), an air inlet hole (103) is arranged on the forming male die (100) and communicated with the pressure cavity (102), and an air inlet pipe (105) is arranged on the air inlet hole (103);
an exhaust hole (202) is arranged at the bottom of the forming female die (200), and the exhaust hole (202) extends upwards to the female die surface (201).
2. The superplastic forming die for a variable cross-section titanium alloy shell part as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the female die surface (201) comprises a first area (2011) and second areas (2012) on the front side and the rear side of the first area (2011); the shape of the first area (2011) is consistent with that of a front casing half part of the second section of the nozzle, and the second area (2012) is smoothly transited with the first area (2011); the clearance between the male die molded surface (101) and the female die molded surface (201) is 1.0-1.1 times of the thickness of half part of the front shell of the second section of the spray pipe.
3. The superplastic forming die for a variable cross-section titanium alloy shell part as claimed in claim 2, wherein: rib grooves (203) are respectively arranged on the second regions (2012) at the front side and the rear side of the first region (2011); ribs (105) are arranged on the male die surface (101);
the left end and the right end of the rib groove (203) at the two sides of the first area (2011) extend to the top surface of the forming female die (200) and are connected to form a sealing ring shape;
ear plates (107) are arranged on the left side and the right side of the forming male die (100), and two ends of an upper rib (105) of the male die profile (101) extend to the lower surfaces of the ear plates (107) on the two sides of the forming male die (100) and are connected to form a closed ring shape;
the rib groove (203) corresponds to the position of the rib (105).
4. The superplastic forming die for a variable cross-section titanium alloy shell part as claimed in claim 3, wherein: the exhaust holes (202) are positioned between two side edges of the first area (2011) and the rib grooves (203).
5. The superplastic forming die for a variable cross-section titanium alloy shell part as claimed in claim 1, wherein: a lightening hole (106) is arranged on the forming punch (100).
6. The superplastic forming die for a variable cross-section titanium alloy shell part as claimed in claim 1, wherein: an exhaust groove (205) is formed in the bottom plane of the forming female die (200), and the exhaust hole (202) is communicated with the exhaust groove (205).
7. The superplastic forming die for a variable cross-section titanium alloy shell part as claimed in claim 1, wherein: a baffle (300) is arranged on the front surface of the forming female die (100); when the forming male die (100) and the forming female die (200) are matched, the baffle (300) is abutted against the front end face of the forming male die (100).
8. The superplastic forming die for a variable cross-section titanium alloy shell part as claimed in claim 1, wherein: and hoisting bolts (400) are respectively arranged on the forming male die (100) and the forming female die (200).
9. A superplastic forming method for a variable cross-section titanium alloy shell part is characterized in that the superplastic forming die for the variable cross-section titanium alloy shell part as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 8 is adopted, and the method comprises the following steps:
step S1: preparation of a blank (3): the blank (3) comprises a cone part (31) and a flange edge (32), and the blank preparation steps are as follows: calculating the size of a plate according to the unfolding size of the front half part (2) of the front shell of the second section of the spray pipe and the machining allowance, blanking by adopting the plate to obtain fan-shaped rough materials, rolling and bending the fan-shaped rough materials to form a cone-shaped cylinder part (31), and then bending to form a flange edge (32);
step S2: coating a protective layer and a graphite layer: coating Ti-1# protective layers on the upper and lower surfaces of a blank (3), the upper male die molded surface (101) and the female die molded surface (201) of a superplastic forming die, the top surface of a forming female die (200) and the lower surface of an upper lug plate (107) of a forming male die (100), coating a graphite aqueous solution lubricant after drying, and naturally drying at room temperature;
step S3: superplastic forming: the method comprises the following steps that a superplastic forming die is arranged on a working table of a hot press machine, an air pipe of the hot press machine is in butt joint with an air inlet pipe (103) of the die, the hot press machine and the superplastic forming die are heated to a first set temperature, a blank (3) is placed in the superplastic forming die and is subjected to heat preservation, a flange edge (31) of the blank (3) is placed on the top surface of a forming female die (200), the rest part of an upper conical cylinder part (31) of the blank (3) is placed on a second area (2012) of a female die molded surface (201), the forming male die (100) and the forming female die (200) are matched to press the blank (3) after the blank (3) is heated to the first set temperature, argon is filled into the air inlet pipe (103) and is subjected to pressure preservation, the part is taken out when the temperature is reduced to a second set temperature, and a semi-formed part (4) is obtained after natural cooling;
step S4: cleaning the semi-formed part (4) obtained in the step S3 to remove graphite; and after scribing, performing line cutting to obtain a front shell part (2) of the second section of the spray pipe, and welding the front shell parts (2) of the second sections of the two spray pipes to obtain a front shell part (1) of the second section of the spray pipe.
10. The method for superplastic forming of a titanium alloy shell part with a variable cross-section according to claim 9, wherein: in the step S1, a TA15 plate is adopted for blanking; in step S3, the first set temperature is 800 to 1000 ℃, and the second set temperature is 400 to 700 ℃; the welding mode in step S4 is laser welding.
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