CN113922861A - User downlink transmission power control method and system - Google Patents

User downlink transmission power control method and system Download PDF

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Publication number
CN113922861A
CN113922861A CN202111076305.7A CN202111076305A CN113922861A CN 113922861 A CN113922861 A CN 113922861A CN 202111076305 A CN202111076305 A CN 202111076305A CN 113922861 A CN113922861 A CN 113922861A
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users
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satellite
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刘莹
成飞
刘培
邹兴
徐云东
周必磊
舒适
韩鸣迪
洪赞扬
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Shanghai Institute of Satellite Engineering
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/14—Relay systems
    • H04B7/15—Active relay systems
    • H04B7/185—Space-based or airborne stations; Stations for satellite systems
    • H04B7/1853—Satellite systems for providing telephony service to a mobile station, i.e. mobile satellite service
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/14—Relay systems
    • H04B7/15—Active relay systems
    • H04B7/185—Space-based or airborne stations; Stations for satellite systems
    • H04B7/1853—Satellite systems for providing telephony service to a mobile station, i.e. mobile satellite service
    • H04B7/18539—Arrangements for managing radio, resources, i.e. for establishing or releasing a connection
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/14—Relay systems
    • H04B7/15—Active relay systems
    • H04B7/185—Space-based or airborne stations; Stations for satellite systems
    • H04B7/1853—Satellite systems for providing telephony service to a mobile station, i.e. mobile satellite service
    • H04B7/18539—Arrangements for managing radio, resources, i.e. for establishing or releasing a connection
    • H04B7/18543—Arrangements for managing radio, resources, i.e. for establishing or releasing a connection for adaptation of transmission parameters, e.g. power control
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02D—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES [ICT], I.E. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES AIMING AT THE REDUCTION OF THEIR OWN ENERGY USE
    • Y02D30/00—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks
    • Y02D30/70—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks in wireless communication networks

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Abstract

The invention provides a method and a system for controlling the transmission power of a user downlink, which relate to the technical field of satellite mobile communication, and the method comprises the following steps: step S1: constructing a downlink communication and interference scene of a network user of a low-orbit constellation communication system; step S2: constructing an interference pricing function model based on satellite downlink transmission power, cost factors, channel coefficients and service levels; step S3: based on the interference pricing function model, constructing a utility function model of downlink data transmission from the satellite to cell users; step S4: generating a first sub game of a utility function model by taking the utility as a target; step S5: and converting the two sub games into a convex optimization problem, and calculating the optimal transmitting power of the satellite user downlink of the low-earth-orbit constellation system according to a convex optimization theory and a specific hypothesis condition. The invention can realize the rapid, real-time and flexible optimal power distribution of the downlink of the constellation system user.

Description

User downlink transmission power control method and system
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of satellite mobile communication, in particular to a user downlink transmission power control method for a low earth orbit constellation communication system, and particularly relates to a user downlink transmission power control method and a system.
Background
In recent years, a low-earth-orbit satellite communication constellation is in a new round of construction enthusiasm in the world, a fifth-generation mobile wireless communication technology is in continuous rapid development and gradually enters a commercial stage, a satellite network and a ground network are mutually fused, make up for deficiencies, and jointly form a world-ground integrated comprehensive information network with global seamless coverage, so that the requirements for meeting the high capacity of a wireless network and the quality of various services of users become research hotspots, and the satellite-ground integrated comprehensive information network is an important direction for the development of future wireless communication.
Due to the limited frequency resources, the satellite and the satellite, the satellite and the ground user, and the ground user share part or all of the spectrum resources, which inevitably brings interference on the same frequency band. The transmission power control is used as a key supporting technology in spectrum sharing research, and aims to reduce the transmitting power to the minimum extent, reduce system interference and increase system capacity on the premise of ensuring the communication quality of a user. On the basis of evaluating indexes such as signal-to-noise ratio, signal strength and the like, the transmitting power is changed timely, and the path loss and fading of a wireless channel are compensated so as to maintain the communication quality and ensure that no additional interference is generated on other users in wireless resources.
In the field of satellite mobile communication, due to the particularity of a channel and the complexity of a system of a satellite mobile communication system, certain difficulty is brought to effective transmission power control, the conditions of a constellation communication system are more variable and complex, and research on transmission power control of a low-orbit constellation communication system link is relatively less.
From the articles and patents retrieved, researchers in this field have proposed various methods for transmission power control of satellite system links.
The patent of invention with publication number CN111867104A discloses a power allocation method and a power allocation device for a downlink of a low earth orbit satellite, comprising: initializing a low-orbit satellite and establishing a Markov decision process; observing the current state St; randomly selecting an action or selecting an optimal action according to the probability of the exploration factor; obtaining an instant reward rt of a new state St +1 and a current state St according to the action at, and storing the (St, at, rt, St +1) quadruple into an experience pool; when the cycle period is greater than the training number, training the current network; when the current time slot is integral multiple of the update frequency of the target network, updating the parameters of the target network; increasing 1 for the current time slot; repeating the steps until the current time slot is larger than the time slot counter, the current time slot is set to be 1, and the count of the cycle period is increased by 1; the steps are repeated until the cycle period is greater than the number of training network cycles. The invention aims at the low-orbit multi-beam satellite downlink, introduces the same frequency interference influence brought by the frequency reuse among beams into a downlink power allocation mechanism, and improves the system capacity. But it is only directed to a single low-orbit satellite, and is difficult to adapt to a low-orbit constellation communication system.
The invention patent with publication number CN108900237B discloses a multi-beam satellite communication system resource allocation method, which comprises the following steps: s1: modeling controller-selection variables for satellite beams; s2: modeling a user-controller and user-satellite beam association variables; s3: modeling a multi-beam satellite system and a rate; s4: modeling user-controller-satellite beam association constraints and resource allocation constraints; s5: user association and resource allocation policies are determined based on user and rate maximization. The invention comprehensively considers the association condition among users, satellite transmitting power, a controller and satellite beams, realizes the rate maximization and can improve the system efficiency. However, this method does not sufficiently consider interference between the satellite and the user, and is not suitable for a low-earth-orbit satellite communication system.
The invention patent with publication number CN112399541A discloses an uplink power control method and device suitable for non-terrestrial networks, wherein an uplink power control method includes that a terminal device on the ground receives uplink power control information including power adjustment information, and the power adjustment information is used for compensating power deviation caused by transmission delay of a satellite communication link; and the terminal equipment determines the uplink transmission power according to the uplink power control information and transmits a signal according to the power. The control of the user downlink transmission power and the constellation communication system are not involved, and the problem of the control of the user downlink transmission power facing the low-orbit constellation system cannot be solved.
The invention patent with publication number CN112911714A discloses a decoding method of NOMA two-user downlink based on power allocation, comprising the following steps: step S1: a base station generates two user signals to be transmitted and performs LDPC channel coding on the user signals; step S2: the optimal distribution of the power of two users is obtained by adopting a power distribution optimization algorithm based on a fairness coefficient power distribution optimization algorithm and an interruption probability power distribution optimization algorithm and changing the fairness coefficient and the interruption probability numerical value; step S3: modulating two user signals, and enabling the modulated user signals to reach receiving ends of a user 1 and a user 2 through a channel; step S4: and the receiving end adopts the SIC strategy to decode different user signals.
Therefore, most of the existing methods for controlling the transmission power of the user link of the satellite communication system aim at a single satellite and an uplink scene, and only consider the factors such as signal-to-noise ratio, signal strength, channel conditions and the like, so that the method is difficult to adapt to the application requirements of future low-earth constellation communication systems and multi-service multi-user grades.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention provides a method and a system for controlling the transmission power of a user downlink.
According to the method and system for controlling the downlink transmission power of the user, the scheme is as follows:
in a first aspect, a method for controlling user downlink transmission power is provided, the method comprising:
step S1: constructing a downlink communication and interference scene of a network user of a low-orbit constellation communication system;
step S2: constructing an interference pricing function model based on satellite downlink transmission power, cost factors, channel coefficients and service levels;
step S3: based on the interference pricing function model, constructing a utility function model of downlink data transmission from the satellite to cell users;
step S4: generating a first sub game of a utility function model by taking the utility as a target;
step S5: the cost which needs to be paid by the low-orbit satellite for interference of other users in the cell covered by the low-orbit satellite is decided, and a second sub game of the interference pricing function model is generated;
step S6: according to the convex optimization theory, the first sub game is converted into the power P about the transmission of n users in the i to s cells of the low-orbit satellitesat(i, n, s) to obtain the optimal transmitting power function of the low-orbit satellite from the i to the n users in the s cell
Figure BDA0003262326890000031
The optimal transmitting power function is Lagrange multiplier lambda and cost factor costsat(i, n, s);
step S7: according to the convex optimization theory, the second sub game is converted into the cost factor cost of n users in the cell from the low-orbit satellite i to the ssat(i, n, s) convex optimization problem in combination with the optimal transmit power function
Figure BDA0003262326890000032
Obtaining an optimal cost factor function by matching with Karush-Kuhn-Tucker (KKT) conditions
Figure BDA0003262326890000033
The function is a function of lagrange multipliers λ and μ;
step S8: based on specific hypothesis conditions, specific values of lambda and mu are calculated, and then an optimal cost factor function is obtained
Figure BDA0003262326890000034
Step S9: based on the lambda,
Figure BDA0003262326890000035
To obtain
Figure BDA0003262326890000036
Should satisfy
Figure BDA0003262326890000037
Psat-maxRepresenting the maximum transmitting power of the current low-orbit satellite; at this time
Figure BDA0003262326890000038
The optimal transmission power of the low-earth satellite from i to n users in the s cell.
Preferably, in step S1, the downlink communication and interference scenario of the network user of the low-orbit constellation communication system mainly includes:
a downlink communication link from a low-orbit satellite i to n users in an s cell covered by the low-orbit satellite i;
interference links from other satellites j using the same frequency band in the constellation to n users in the s cell;
and (3) interference links generated by the satellite i to other co-frequency ground network users in the s cell.
Preferably, the interference pricing function model is embodied as
Figure BDA0003262326890000039
Figure BDA0003262326890000041
Wherein, PFsat(i, n, s) is an interference pricing function of a low-orbit satellite i to n users in an s cell covered by the low-orbit satellite;
i ═ 1,. and I), which represents the ith low-orbit satellite in the low-orbit constellation system;
s ═ 1,. multidot.s, meaning the S-th cell under the coverage of a single satellite in a low-orbit constellation system;
n ═ 1,. ·, N, denotes the nth user of a certain cell in the low-orbit constellation system;
cos tsat(i, n, s) are cost factors and represent cost coefficients needed to be paid when the low-earth orbit satellite i transmits data to n users in the s cell covered by the low-earth orbit satellite i;
q (i, n, s) is the service level of n users in an s cell under the coverage of the low-orbit satellite i;
Psat(i, n, s) is the transmission power of the low-orbit satellite from i to n users in the s cell;
hsat(i,s)-user(m,s)the channel coefficient between the low orbit satellite i and m, m ≠ n users in the s cell.
Preferably, the interference pricing function model introduces a user service grade Q (i, n, s), wherein Q (i, n, s) is more than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to 1;
when the user level is higher, the value of Q (i, n, s) is smaller, priority can be given to the Q, and the payment cost is relatively smaller; meanwhile, the higher the required service quality is, the larger the value of Q (i, n, s) is, and the larger the cost is.
Preferably, the utility function model in step S3 is specifically:
Figure BDA0003262326890000042
wherein, Usat(i, n, s) is a utility function of a low-orbit satellite i to n users in an s cell covered by the low-orbit satellite;
Psat(i, n, s) is the transmission power of the low-orbit satellite from i to n users in the s cell;
Psat(j, n, s) is the transmission power of the low orbit satellite j to n users in the s cell;
Gsat(i, n, s) are the gains of the transmitting antennas of the low-orbit satellites from i to n users in the s cell;
Gsat(j, n, s) are the transmitting antenna gains of n users in the cells from j to s of the low orbit satellite;
Guser(n, s) is the receive antenna gain of n users in s cell;
hsat(i,s)-user(n,s)channel coefficients of a low-orbit satellite i and n users in an s cell;
hsat(j,s)-user(n,s)the channel coefficient of a low orbit satellite j, j is not equal to i and n users in an s cell;
Pngaussian white noise power is added.
Preferably, the first sub-game in step S4 is:
Figure BDA0003262326890000051
s.t.0≤Psat(i,n,s)≤Psat-max (1)
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure BDA0003262326890000052
representing the transmission power P of n users in an i-to-s cell with a low earth orbit satellitesat(i, n, s) is the utility maximization problem of the optimization parameters;
s.t.0≤Psat(i,n,s)≤Psat-maxrepresenting the transmission power P of i-to-s-users in a cell of a low-earth satellitesatThe limiting conditions (i, n, s) should be more than 0 and less than the maximum transmitting power P of the current low-orbit satellitesat-max；
Meanwhile, a second sub game is generated based on the interference pricing function model, namely
Figure BDA0003262326890000053
Figure BDA0003262326890000054
Wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure BDA0003262326890000055
represents the cost factor cost needed to be paid when transmitting data to n users in the s cell covered by the low-orbit satellite isat(i, n, s) is a maximization problem of the optimization parameters;
n represents the number of users of a single cell of the low-orbit satellite;
Isat-maxthe maximum interference threshold which can be borne by a certain cell of the low-orbit satellite is represented;
Figure BDA0003262326890000056
when a low earth orbit satellite i transmits data to n users in an s cell covered by the low earth orbit satellite i, the condition that the sum of interference generated to other users in the cell should satisfy is as follows: not exceeding the maximum interference threshold which can be borne by the cell;
the maximum cost of the low-orbit satellite i for the interference of other users in the s cell covered by the low-orbit satellite i is decided.
Preferably, the step of calculating the optimal transmission power from the low earth orbit satellite i to the n users in the S cell in the step S9 mainly includes the following steps:
step S9.1: according to the convex optimization theory, the first sub game is converted into the power P about the transmission of n users in the i to s cells of the low-orbit satellitesatLagrangian functions of (i, n, s), i.e.
Figure BDA0003262326890000061
Wherein λ is the transmitting power P of the low-orbit satellite isat(i, n, s) related lagrange multipliers;
step S9.2: based on the Lagrangian function L (P)sat(i, n, s), λ) versus transmit power PsatThe first derivative of (i, n, s) is equal to 0, and the optimal transmission power of the low-earth satellite from i to n users in s cell can be obtained as follows:
Figure BDA0003262326890000062
wherein A ═ Gsat(i,n,s)×Guser(n,s)×|hsat(i,s)-user(n,s)|2；
Figure BDA0003262326890000063
Figure BDA0003262326890000064
Figure BDA0003262326890000065
Expression [ 2 ]]The result of the internal formula is a value of 0 or more;
step S9.3: convert the second sub-game to a convex optimization problem and convert
Figure BDA0003262326890000066
Substituting equation (3) to obtain the transformed function:
Figure BDA0003262326890000067
Figure BDA0003262326890000068
step S9.4: based on the function converted by the second sub game and the Karush-Kuhn-Tucker (KKT) condition, the cost is obtainedsatLagrangian functions of (i, n, s), i.e.
Figure BDA0003262326890000069
Wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure BDA00032623268900000610
mu is and costsat(i, n, s) related lagrange multipliers;
step S9.5: based on the Lagrangian function L (cost)sat(i, n, s), μ) to costsatThe first derivative of (i, n, s) is equal to 0, yielding the optimal costsat(i, n, s) are as follows:
Figure BDA0003262326890000071
step S9.6: so as to be Psat(i, n, s) equal to Psat-maxAt the same time, costsatAssuming that (i, n, s) is equal to 0, the lagrange multiplier λ is calculated as follows:
Figure BDA0003262326890000072
step S9.7: by costsatUnder the assumption that (i, n, s) is not less than 0, the Lagrange multiplier mu is calculated as follows:
Figure BDA0003262326890000073
step S9.8: giving the maximum transmitting power P of a low-orbit constellation communication system satellite i in a cell ssat-maxAnd the maximum interference tolerance I of other users of cell s to satellite Isat-maxCalculating specific values of lambda and mu;
step S9.9: substituting lambda and mu into equation (7) to obtain
Figure BDA0003262326890000074
It should satisfy:
Figure BDA0003262326890000075
step S9.10: mixing lambda, mu,
Figure BDA0003262326890000076
Substituting into equation (4) to obtain
Figure BDA0003262326890000077
Should satisfy
Figure BDA0003262326890000078
At this time
Figure BDA0003262326890000079
The optimal transmission power of the low-earth satellite from i to n users in the s cell.
In a second aspect, a user downlink transmission power control system is provided, the system comprising:
module M1: constructing a downlink communication and interference scene of a network user of a low-orbit constellation communication system;
module M2: constructing an interference pricing function model based on satellite downlink transmission power, cost factors, channel coefficients and service levels;
module M3: based on the interference pricing function model, constructing a utility function model of downlink data transmission from the satellite to cell users;
module M4: generating a first sub game of a utility function model by taking the utility as a target;
module M5: the cost which needs to be paid by the low-orbit satellite for interference of other users in the cell covered by the low-orbit satellite is decided, and a second sub game of the interference pricing function model is generated;
module M6: according to the convex optimization theory, the first sub game is converted into the power P about the transmission of n users in the i to s cells of the low-orbit satellitesat(i, n, s) to obtain the optimal transmitting power function of the low-orbit satellite from the i to the n users in the s cell
Figure BDA0003262326890000081
The optimal transmitting power function is Lagrange multiplier lambda and cost factor costsat(i, n, s);
module M7: according to the convex optimization theory, the second sub game is converted into the cost factor cost of n users in the cell from the low-orbit satellite i to the ssat(i, n, s) convex optimization problem in combination with the optimal transmit power function
Figure BDA0003262326890000082
Obtaining an optimal cost factor function by matching with Karush-Kuhn-Tucker (KKT) conditions
Figure BDA0003262326890000083
The function is a function of lagrange multipliers λ and μ;
module M8: based on specific hypothesis conditions, specific values of lambda and mu are calculated, and then an optimal cost factor function is obtained
Figure BDA0003262326890000084
Module M9: based on the lambda,
Figure BDA0003262326890000085
To obtain
Figure BDA0003262326890000086
Should satisfy
Figure BDA0003262326890000087
Psat-maxRepresenting the maximum transmitting power of the current low-orbit satellite; at this time
Figure BDA0003262326890000088
The optimal transmission power of the low-earth satellite from i to n users in the s cell.
Preferably, the downlink communication and interference scenario of the network user of the low-orbit constellation communication system in the module M1 mainly includes:
a downlink communication link from a low-orbit satellite i to n users in an s cell covered by the low-orbit satellite i;
interference links from other satellites j using the same frequency band in the constellation to n users in the s cell;
and (3) interference links generated by the satellite i to other co-frequency ground network users in the s cell.
Preferably, the interference pricing function model is embodied as
Figure BDA0003262326890000089
Figure BDA00032623268900000810
Wherein, PFsat(i, n, s) is an interference pricing function of a low-orbit satellite i to n users in an s cell covered by the low-orbit satellite;
i ═ 1,. and I), which represents the ith low-orbit satellite in the low-orbit constellation system;
s ═ 1,. multidot.s, meaning the S-th cell under the coverage of a single satellite in a low-orbit constellation system;
n ═ 1,. ·, N, denotes the nth user of a certain cell in the low-orbit constellation system;
cos tsat(i, n, s) are cost factors and represent cost coefficients needed to be paid when the low-earth orbit satellite i transmits data to n users in the s cell covered by the low-earth orbit satellite i;
q (i, n, s) is the service level of n users in an s cell under the coverage of the low-orbit satellite i;
Psat(i, n, s) is the transmission power of the low-orbit satellite from i to n users in the s cell;
hsat(i,s)-user(m,s)the channel coefficient between the low orbit satellite i and m, m ≠ n users in the s cell.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the method comprehensively considers factors such as the relation between an interference link and a communication link, channel conditions, user service grades, transmission power, system capacity and the like, and gives an optimal transmission power control algorithm by establishing an interference pricing function model and a utility function model of a user downlink of a low-orbit constellation system to obtain the optimal power transmitted by the satellite user downlink;
2. the invention reduces the same frequency interference between the satellite and the satellite, and between the satellite and the ground system, realizes the sharing of partial or all frequency spectrum resources, and meets the requirements of downlink data transmission capacity and user multi-service quality to the maximum extent;
3. the invention has the advantages of simple realization and flexible application, and provides reference and basis for service application of the low-orbit constellation system and fusion design with a ground network.
Drawings
Other features, objects and advantages of the invention will become more apparent upon reading of the detailed description of non-limiting embodiments with reference to the following drawings:
fig. 1 is a schematic view of a user downlink communication link and an interference link in a low-earth constellation communication system according to the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic flow chart of a user downlink transmission power control method for a low-earth constellation communication system according to the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a user downlink optimal transmit power calculation process according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to specific examples. The following examples will assist those skilled in the art in further understanding the invention, but are not intended to limit the invention in any way. It should be noted that it would be obvious to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications can be made without departing from the spirit of the invention. All falling within the scope of the present invention.
The embodiment of the invention provides a user downlink transmission power control method, which is based on a non-cooperative Starkeberg game theory and a convex optimization theory, establishes a user downlink utility function model of a low-orbit constellation system, introduces an interference pricing mechanism, and obtains the optimal power transmitted by a satellite user downlink through an optimal transmission power control algorithm.
Referring to fig. 1 and 2, the method specifically includes the following steps:
step S1: constructing a downlink communication and interference scene of a network user of a low-orbit constellation communication system; the downlink communication and interference scene of the network user of the low-orbit constellation communication system mainly comprises the following steps: a downlink communication link from a low-orbit satellite i to n users in an s cell covered by the low-orbit satellite i; interference links from other satellites j using the same frequency band in the constellation to n users in the s cell; and (3) interference links generated by the satellite i to other co-frequency ground network users in the s cell.
Step S2: providing an interference pricing function model based on satellite downlink transmission power, cost factors, channel coefficients and service levels, specifically
Figure BDA0003262326890000101
Figure BDA0003262326890000102
Wherein, PFsat(i, n, s) is lowAn interference pricing function from an orbiting satellite i to n users in an s cell covered by the orbiting satellite; the method is mainly influenced by satellite downlink transmission power, cost factors, channel coefficients and service levels;
i ═ 1,. and I), which represents the ith low-orbit satellite in the low-orbit constellation system;
s ═ 1,. multidot.s, meaning the S-th cell under the coverage of a single satellite in a low-orbit constellation system;
n ═ 1,. ·, N, denotes the nth user of a certain cell in the low-orbit constellation system;
cos tsat(i, n, s) are cost factors and represent cost coefficients needed to be paid when the low-earth orbit satellite i transmits data to n users in the s cell covered by the low-earth orbit satellite i;
q (i, n, s) is the service level of n users in an s cell under the coverage of the low-orbit satellite i;
Psat(i, n, s) is the transmission power of the low-orbit satellite from i to n users in the s cell;
hsat(i,s)-user(m,s)the channel coefficient between the low orbit satellite i and m, m ≠ n users in the s cell.
Introducing user service grade Q (i, n, s) into the interference pricing function model, wherein Q (i, n, s) is more than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to 1; when the user level is higher, the value of Q (i, n, s) is smaller, priority can be given to the Q (i, n, s), and the payment cost is relatively smaller; meanwhile, the method is also influenced by the service quality requirement, the higher the required service quality is, the larger the value of Q (i, n, s) is, and the larger the cost is.
Step S3: based on the interference pricing function model, a utility function model of downlink data transmission from the satellite to cell users is provided; the method specifically comprises the following steps:
Figure BDA0003262326890000103
wherein, Usat(i, n, s) is a utility function of a low-orbit satellite i to n users in an s cell covered by the low-orbit satellite;
Psat(i, n, s) is the transmission power of the low-orbit satellite from i to n users in the s cell;
Psat(j, n, s) for low earth orbit satellites j to s for n in a cellThe transmit power of the user;
Gsat(i, n, s) are the gains of the transmitting antennas of the low-orbit satellites from i to n users in the s cell;
Gsat(j, n, s) are the transmitting antenna gains of n users in the cells from j to s of the low orbit satellite;
Guser(n, s) is the receive antenna gain of n users in s cell;
hsat(i,s)-user(n,s)channel coefficients of a low-orbit satellite i and n users in an s cell;
hsat(j,s)-user(n,s)the channel coefficient of a low orbit satellite j, j is not equal to i and n users in an s cell;
Pngaussian white noise power is added.
Step S4: generating a first sub game of the utility function model by taking the maximum utility as a target;
Figure BDA0003262326890000111
s.t.0≤Psat(i,n,s)≤Psat-max (1)
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure BDA0003262326890000112
representing the transmission power P of n users in an i-to-s cell with a low earth orbit satellitesat(i, n, s) is the utility maximization problem of the optimization parameters;
s.t.0≤Psat(i,n,s)≤Psat-maxrepresenting the transmission power P of i-to-s-users in a cell of a low-earth satellitesatThe limiting conditions (i, n, s) should be more than 0 and less than the maximum transmitting power P of the current low-orbit satellitesat-max。
Meanwhile, a second sub game is generated based on the interference pricing function model, namely
Figure BDA0003262326890000113
Figure BDA0003262326890000114
Wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure BDA0003262326890000115
represents the cost factor cost needed to be paid when transmitting data to n users in the s cell covered by the low-orbit satellite isat(i, n, s) is a maximization problem of the optimization parameters;
n represents the number of users of a single cell of the low-orbit satellite;
Isat-maxthe maximum interference threshold which can be borne by a certain cell of the low-orbit satellite is represented;
Figure BDA0003262326890000116
when a low earth orbit satellite i transmits data to n users in an s cell covered by the low earth orbit satellite i, the condition that the sum of interference generated to other users in the cell should satisfy is as follows: not exceeding the maximum interference threshold which can be borne by the cell;
the maximum cost of the low-orbit satellite i for the interference of other users in the s cell covered by the low-orbit satellite i is decided.
Step S5: the cost which needs to be paid by the low-orbit satellite for interference of other users in the cell covered by the low-orbit satellite is decided, and a second sub game of the interference pricing function model is generated;
step S6: according to the convex optimization theory, the first sub game is converted into the power P about the transmission of n users in the i to s cells of the low-orbit satellitesat(i, n, s) to obtain the optimal transmitting power function of the low-orbit satellite from the i to the n users in the s cell
Figure BDA0003262326890000121
The optimal transmitting power function is Lagrange multiplier lambda and cost factor costsat(i, n, s);
step S7: according to the convex optimization theory, the second sub game is converted into the cost factor cost of n users in the cell from the low-orbit satellite i to the ssat(i, n, s) convex optimization problem in combination with the optimal transmit power function
Figure BDA0003262326890000122
The method is similar to Karush-Kuhn-Tucker (KKT) condition (KKT condition is a method used for solving the optimization problem, and generally, for a given certain function, the global minimum value of the given function on a specified scope is solved) to obtain the optimal cost factor function
Figure BDA0003262326890000123
The function is a function of lagrange multipliers λ and μ;
step S8: based on specific hypothesis conditions, specific values of lambda and mu are calculated, and then an optimal cost factor function is obtained
Figure BDA0003262326890000124
Step S9: based on the lambda,
Figure BDA0003262326890000125
To obtain
Figure BDA0003262326890000126
Should satisfy
Figure BDA0003262326890000127
Psat-maxRepresenting the maximum transmitting power of the current low-orbit satellite; at this time
Figure BDA0003262326890000128
The optimal transmission power of the low-earth satellite from i to n users in the s cell.
Specifically, referring to fig. 3, two sub-games are converted into a convex optimization problem, the optimal transmission power of the downlink of the satellite user of the low earth orbit constellation system is calculated according to a convex optimization theory and a specific hypothesis, and the optimal transmission power of n users in the cells from the low earth orbit satellites i to s is calculated:
step S9.1: according to the convex optimization theory, the first sub game is converted into the power P about the transmission of n users in the i to s cells of the low-orbit satellitesatLagrangian functions of (i, n, s), i.e.
Figure BDA0003262326890000129
Wherein λ is the transmitting power P of the low-orbit satellite isat(i, n, s) related lagrange multipliers;
step S9.2: based on the Lagrangian function L (P)sat(i, n, s), λ) versus transmit power PsatThe first derivative of (i, n, s) is equal to 0, and the optimal transmission power of the low-earth satellite from i to n users in s cell can be obtained as follows:
Figure BDA00032623268900001210
wherein A ═ Gsat(i,n,s)×Guser(n,s)×|hsat(i,s)-user(n,s)|2；
Figure BDA0003262326890000131
Figure BDA0003262326890000132
Figure BDA0003262326890000133
Expression [ 2 ]]The result of the internal formula is a value of 0 or more;
step S9.3: convert the second sub-game to a convex optimization problem and convert
Figure BDA0003262326890000134
Substituting equation (3) to obtain the transformed function:
Figure BDA0003262326890000135
Figure BDA0003262326890000136
step S9.4: based on the function converted by the second sub game and the Karush-Kuhn-Tucker (KKT) condition, the cost is obtainedsatLagrangian functions of (i, n, s), i.e.
Figure BDA0003262326890000137
Wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure BDA0003262326890000138
mu is and costsat(i, n, s) related lagrange multipliers;
step S9.5: based on the Lagrangian function L (cost)sat(i, n, s), μ) to costsatThe first derivative of (i, n, s) is equal to 0, yielding the optimal costsat(i, n, s) are as follows:
Figure BDA0003262326890000139
step S9.6: so as to be Psat(i, n, s) equal to Psat-maxAt the same time, costsatAssuming that (i, n, s) is equal to 0, the lagrange multiplier λ is calculated as follows:
Figure BDA00032623268900001310
step S9.7: by costsatUnder the assumption that (i, n, s) is not less than 0, the Lagrange multiplier mu is calculated as follows:
Figure BDA0003262326890000141
step S9.8: giving the maximum transmitting power P of a low-orbit constellation communication system satellite i in a cell ssat-maxAnd the maximum interference tolerance I of other users of cell s to satellite Isat-maxCalculating the lambda and mu specificA value;
step S9.9: substituting lambda and mu into equation (7) to obtain
Figure BDA0003262326890000142
It should satisfy:
Figure BDA0003262326890000143
step S9.10: mixing lambda, mu,
Figure BDA0003262326890000144
Substituting into equation (4) to obtain
Figure BDA0003262326890000145
Should satisfy
Figure BDA0003262326890000146
At this time
Figure BDA0003262326890000147
The optimal transmission power of the low-earth satellite from i to n users in the s cell.
The embodiment of the invention provides a user downlink transmission power control method and a user downlink transmission power control system, which are based on a non-cooperative Starkeberg game theory and a convex optimization theory, establish a user downlink utility function model of a low earth orbit constellation system, introduce an interference pricing mechanism, and obtain the optimal power transmitted by a satellite user downlink through an optimal transmission power control algorithm. Therefore, the same frequency interference between the satellite and between the satellite and the ground system is reduced, partial or all spectrum resources are shared, and the requirements of downlink data transmission capacity and user multi-service quality are met to the maximum extent. The method has the advantages of simple implementation and flexible application, and provides reference and basis for service application of the low-orbit constellation communication system and fusion design with a ground network.
Those skilled in the art will appreciate that, in addition to implementing the system and its various devices, modules, units provided by the present invention as pure computer readable program code, the system and its various devices, modules, units provided by the present invention can be fully implemented by logically programming method steps in the form of logic gates, switches, application specific integrated circuits, programmable logic controllers, embedded microcontrollers and the like. Therefore, the system and various devices, modules and units thereof provided by the invention can be regarded as a hardware component, and the devices, modules and units included in the system for realizing various functions can also be regarded as structures in the hardware component; means, modules, units for performing the various functions may also be regarded as structures within both software modules and hardware components for performing the method.
The foregoing description of specific embodiments of the present invention has been presented. It is to be understood that the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments described above, and that various changes or modifications may be made by one skilled in the art within the scope of the appended claims without departing from the spirit of the invention. The embodiments and features of the embodiments of the present application may be combined with each other arbitrarily without conflict.

Claims (10)

1. A method for controlling downlink transmission power of a user, comprising:
step S1: constructing a downlink communication and interference scene of a network user of a low-orbit constellation communication system;
step S2: constructing an interference pricing function model based on satellite downlink transmission power, cost factors, channel coefficients and service levels;
step S3: based on the interference pricing function model, constructing a utility function model of downlink data transmission from the satellite to cell users;
step S4: generating a first sub game of a utility function model by taking the utility as a target;
step S5: the cost which needs to be paid by the low-orbit satellite for interference of other users in the cell covered by the low-orbit satellite is decided, and a second sub game of the interference pricing function model is generated;
step S6: according to the convex optimization theory, the first sub game is converted into the power P about the transmission of n users in the i to s cells of the low-orbit satellitesatConvex optimization problem of (i, n, s)Obtaining the optimal transmitting power function of n users in the cells from the i to s of the low-orbit satellite
Figure FDA0003262326880000011
The optimal transmitting power function is Lagrange multiplier lambda and cost factor costsatFunction of (i, n, s), costsat(i, n, s) represents the cost factor of a low-orbit satellite from i to n users in s cell;
step S7: according to the convex optimization theory, the second sub game is converted into the cost factor cost of n users in the cell from the low-orbit satellite i to the ssat(i, n, s) convex optimization problem in combination with the optimal transmit power function
Figure FDA0003262326880000012
Obtaining an optimal cost factor function by matching with Karush-Kuhn-Tucker (KKT) conditions
Figure FDA0003262326880000013
The function is a function of lagrange multipliers λ and μ;
step S8: based on specific hypothesis conditions, specific values of lambda and mu are calculated, and then an optimal cost factor function is obtained
Figure FDA0003262326880000014
Step S9: based on the lambda,
Figure FDA0003262326880000015
To obtain
Figure FDA0003262326880000016
Should satisfy
Figure FDA0003262326880000017
Psat-maxRepresenting the maximum transmitting power of the current low-orbit satellite; at this time
Figure FDA0003262326880000018
Is a low railOptimal transmit power for n users in a satellite i to s cell.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the downlink communication and interference scenario of the network users of the low earth constellation communication system in step S1 mainly includes:
a downlink communication link from a low-orbit satellite i to n users in an s cell covered by the low-orbit satellite i;
interference links from other satellites j using the same frequency band in the constellation to n users in the s cell;
and (3) interference links generated by the satellite i to other co-frequency ground network users in the s cell.
3. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the interference pricing function model is specifically defined as
Figure FDA0003262326880000021
Figure FDA0003262326880000022
Wherein, PFsat(i, n, s) is an interference pricing function of a low-orbit satellite i to n users in an s cell covered by the low-orbit satellite;
i ═ 1,. and I), which represents the ith low-orbit satellite in the low-orbit constellation system;
s ═ 1,. multidot.s, meaning the S-th cell under the coverage of a single satellite in a low-orbit constellation system;
n ═ 1,. ·, N, denotes the nth user of a certain cell in the low-orbit constellation system;
cos tsat(i, n, s) are cost factors and represent cost coefficients needed to be paid when the low-earth orbit satellite i transmits data to n users in the s cell covered by the low-earth orbit satellite i;
q (i, n, s) is the service level of n users in an s cell under the coverage of the low-orbit satellite i;
Psat(i, n, s) is the transmission power of the low-orbit satellite from i to n users in the s cell;
hsat(i,s)-user(m,s)the channel coefficient between the low orbit satellite i and m, m ≠ n users in the s cell.
4. The method of claim 3, wherein the interference pricing function model introduces a user traffic class Q (i, n, s), 0 ≦ Q (i, n, s) ≦ 1;
when the user level is higher, the value of Q (i, n, s) is smaller, priority can be given to the Q, and the payment cost is relatively smaller; meanwhile, the higher the required service quality is, the larger the value of Q (i, n, s) is, and the larger the cost is.
5. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the utility function model in step S3 is specifically:
Figure FDA0003262326880000023
wherein, Usat(i, n, s) is a utility function of a low-orbit satellite i to n users in an s cell covered by the low-orbit satellite;
Psat(i, n, s) is the transmission power of the low-orbit satellite from i to n users in the s cell;
Psat(j, n, s) is the transmission power of the low orbit satellite j to n users in the s cell;
Gsat(i, n, s) are the gains of the transmitting antennas of the low-orbit satellites from i to n users in the s cell;
Gsat(j, n, s) are the transmitting antenna gains of n users in the cells from j to s of the low orbit satellite;
Guser(n, s) is the receive antenna gain of n users in s cell;
hsat(i,s)-user(n,s)channel coefficients of a low-orbit satellite i and n users in an s cell;
hsat(j,s)-user(n,s)the channel coefficient of a low orbit satellite j, j is not equal to i and n users in an s cell;
Pngaussian white noise power is added.
6. The method for controlling downlink transmission power of users according to claim 1, wherein the first sub-game in step S4 is:
Figure FDA0003262326880000031
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure FDA0003262326880000032
representing the transmission power P of n users in an i-to-s cell with a low earth orbit satellitesat(i, n, s) is the utility maximization problem of the optimization parameters;
s.t.0≤Psat(i,n,s)≤Psat-maxrepresenting the transmission power P of i-to-s-users in a cell of a low-earth satellitesatThe limiting conditions (i, n, s) should be more than 0 and less than the maximum transmitting power P of the current low-orbit satellitesat-max；
Meanwhile, a second sub game is generated based on the interference pricing function model, namely
Figure FDA0003262326880000033
Wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure FDA0003262326880000034
represents the cost factor cost needed to be paid when transmitting data to n users in the s cell covered by the low-orbit satellite isat(i, n, s) is a maximization problem of the optimization parameters;
n represents the number of users of a single cell of the low-orbit satellite;
Isat-maxthe maximum interference threshold which can be borne by a certain cell of the low-orbit satellite is represented;
Figure FDA0003262326880000035
indicating low earth orbit satellite i-passWhen data is transmitted to n users in the s cell covered by the data transmission device, the condition that the sum of interference generated to other users in the cell should meet is as follows: not exceeding the maximum interference threshold which can be borne by the cell;
the maximum cost of the low-orbit satellite i for the interference of other users in the s cell covered by the low-orbit satellite i is decided.
7. The method according to claim 1, wherein the step of calculating the optimal transmit power of the i-to-S-users in the low earth orbit satellite in step S9 mainly comprises the following steps:
step S9.1: according to the convex optimization theory, the first sub game is converted into the power P about the transmission of n users in the i to s cells of the low-orbit satellitesatLagrangian functions of (i, n, s), i.e.
Figure FDA0003262326880000041
Wherein λ is the transmitting power P of the low-orbit satellite isat(i, n, s) related lagrange multipliers;
step S9.2: based on the Lagrangian function L (P)sat(i, n, s), λ) versus transmit power PsatThe first derivative of (i, n, s) is equal to 0, and the optimal transmission power of the low-earth satellite from i to n users in s cell can be obtained as follows:
Figure FDA0003262326880000042
wherein A ═ Gsat(i,n,s)×Guser(n,s)×|hsat(i,s)-user(n,s)|2；
Figure FDA0003262326880000043
Figure FDA0003262326880000044
Figure FDA0003262326880000045
Expression [ 2 ]]The result of the internal formula is a value of 0 or more;
step S9.3: convert the second sub-game to a convex optimization problem and convert
Figure FDA0003262326880000046
Substituting equation (3) to obtain the transformed function:
Figure FDA0003262326880000047
Figure FDA0003262326880000048
step S9.4: based on the function converted by the second sub game and the Karush-Kuhn-Tucker (KKT) condition, the cost is obtainedsatLagrangian functions of (i, n, s), i.e.
Figure FDA0003262326880000049
Wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure FDA0003262326880000051
mu is and costsat(i, n, s) related lagrange multipliers;
step S9.5: based on the Lagrangian function L (cost)sat(i, n, s), μ) to costsatThe first derivative of (i, n, s) is equal to 0, yielding the optimal costsat(i, n, s) are as follows:
Figure FDA0003262326880000052
step S9.6: so as to be Psat(i, n, s) equal to Psat-maxAt the same time, costsatAssuming that (i, n, s) is equal to 0, the lagrange multiplier λ is calculated as follows:
Figure FDA0003262326880000053
step S9.7: by costsatUnder the assumption that (i, n, s) is not less than 0, the Lagrange multiplier mu is calculated as follows:
Figure FDA0003262326880000054
step S9.8: giving the maximum transmitting power P of a low-orbit constellation communication system satellite i in a cell ssat-maxAnd the maximum interference tolerance I of other users of cell s to satellite Isat-maxCalculating specific values of lambda and mu;
step S9.9: substituting lambda and mu into equation (7) to obtain
Figure FDA0003262326880000055
It should satisfy:
Figure FDA0003262326880000056
step S9.10: mixing lambda, mu,
Figure FDA0003262326880000057
Substituting into equation (4) to obtain
Figure FDA0003262326880000058
Should satisfy
Figure FDA0003262326880000059
At this time
Figure FDA00032623268800000510
The optimal transmission power of the low-earth satellite from i to n users in the s cell.
8. A system for controlling downlink transmission power of a user, comprising:
module M1: constructing a downlink communication and interference scene of a network user of a low-orbit constellation communication system;
module M2: constructing an interference pricing function model based on satellite downlink transmission power, cost factors, channel coefficients and service levels;
module M3: based on the interference pricing function model, constructing a utility function model of downlink data transmission from the satellite to cell users;
module M4: generating a first sub game of a utility function model by taking the utility as a target;
module M5: the cost which needs to be paid by the low-orbit satellite for interference of other users in the cell covered by the low-orbit satellite is decided, and a second sub game of the interference pricing function model is generated;
module M6: according to the convex optimization theory, the first sub game is converted into the power P about the transmission of n users in the i to s cells of the low-orbit satellitesat(i, n, s) to obtain the optimal transmitting power function of the low-orbit satellite from the i to the n users in the s cell
Figure FDA0003262326880000061
The optimal transmitting power function is Lagrange multiplier lambda and cost factor costsat(i, n, s);
module M7: according to the convex optimization theory, the second sub game is converted into the cost factor cost of n users in the cell from the low-orbit satellite i to the ssat(i, n, s) convex optimization problem in combination with the optimal transmit power function
Figure FDA0003262326880000062
Obtaining an optimal cost factor function by matching with Karush-Kuhn-Tucker (KKT) conditions
Figure FDA0003262326880000063
The function is a function of lagrange multipliers λ and μ;
module M8: based on specific hypothesis conditions, specific values of lambda and mu are calculated, and then an optimal cost factor function is obtained
Figure FDA0003262326880000064
Module M9: based on the lambda,
Figure FDA0003262326880000065
To obtain
Figure FDA0003262326880000066
Should satisfy
Figure FDA0003262326880000067
Psat-maxRepresenting the maximum transmitting power of the current low-orbit satellite; at this time
Figure FDA0003262326880000068
The optimal transmission power of the low-earth satellite from i to n users in the s cell.
9. The system according to claim 8, wherein the downlink communication and interference scenario of users of the low earth constellation communication system network in the module M1 mainly includes:
a downlink communication link from a low-orbit satellite i to n users in an s cell covered by the low-orbit satellite i;
interference links from other satellites j using the same frequency band in the constellation to n users in the s cell;
and (3) interference links generated by the satellite i to other co-frequency ground network users in the s cell.
10. The system according to claim 8, wherein the interference pricing function model is specifically a function of the downlink transmission power of the user
Figure FDA0003262326880000069
Figure FDA00032623268800000610
Wherein, PFsat(i, n, s) is an interference pricing function of a low-orbit satellite i to n users in an s cell covered by the low-orbit satellite;
i ═ 1,. and I), which represents the ith low-orbit satellite in the low-orbit constellation system;
s ═ 1,. multidot.s, meaning the S-th cell under the coverage of a single satellite in a low-orbit constellation system;
n ═ 1,. ·, N, denotes the nth user of a certain cell in the low-orbit constellation system;
cos tsat(i, n, s) are cost factors and represent cost coefficients needed to be paid when the low-earth orbit satellite i transmits data to n users in the s cell covered by the low-earth orbit satellite i;
q (i, n, s) is the service level of n users in an s cell under the coverage of the low-orbit satellite i;
Psat(i, n, s) is the transmission power of the low-orbit satellite from i to n users in the s cell;
hsat(i,s)-user(m,s)the channel coefficient between the low orbit satellite i and m, m ≠ n users in the s cell.
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