CN113922418A - Photo-thermal-heat storage-low-temperature waste heat power supply system and optimal control method - Google Patents
Photo-thermal-heat storage-low-temperature waste heat power supply system and optimal control method Download PDFInfo
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- 239000002918 waste heat Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 101
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/28—Arrangements for balancing of the load in a network by storage of energy
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J2300/00—Systems for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by decentralized, dispersed, or local generation
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- Y02E70/00—Other energy conversion or management systems reducing GHG emissions
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Abstract
The invention provides a photo-thermal-heat storage-low-temperature waste heat power supply system and an optimal control method, and relates to the technical field of comprehensive energy systems. The system comprises a bus, photo-thermal equipment, heat storage equipment, low-temperature waste heat power generation equipment and a system control platform; the solar-thermal equipment, the heat storage equipment and the low-temperature waste heat power generation equipment are respectively connected to the bus, and the bus, the solar-thermal equipment, the heat storage equipment and the low-temperature waste heat power generation equipment are in communication with the control platform through 5G wireless communication. The system is configured for large-scale and large-capacity low-temperature waste heat power generation equipment, and the optimized operation of the low-temperature waste heat power generation equipment is realized through the provided optimized control method.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of comprehensive energy systems, in particular to a photo-thermal-heat storage-low-temperature waste heat power supply system and an optimal control method.
Background
With the progress of society, the demand of human beings for energy rises sharply, on one hand, the traditional energy reserves are gradually exhausted, and on the other hand, the environmental pollution problem generated in the utilization process of fossil energy also increases along with the demand of energy. Solar energy is one of new energy sources, and has the characteristics of abundant resources and clean use. The solar energy is collected and converted mainly by photovoltaic and photo-thermal methods, however, the equipment required for photovoltaic power generation generates a higher amount of pollution during the manufacturing process, compared with the photo-thermal equipment, the equipment is cleaner and greener. At present, a low-temperature waste heat power generation technology provides a mode of converting heat energy into electric energy, however, the current low-temperature waste heat power generation system is small in scale and small in capacity, and the requirement that a power system uses the provided energy as stock energy is difficult to meet. The optimization scheme aiming at the grid-connected operation of the large-capacity and large-scale low-temperature waste heat power generation equipment is yet to be researched. At present, the research aiming at the combined operation of photo-thermal and low-temperature waste heat power generation is insufficient, the consideration on heat energy storage is lacked, the heat energy generated by photo-thermal is generally directly used for power generation, so that the power generation characteristic of photo-thermal equipment necessarily presents the time characteristic of solar energy irradiation, the grid-connected operation is not friendly, and the system stability is reduced.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a photo-thermal-heat storage-low-temperature waste heat power supply system and an optimal control method. The system configuration is made for large-scale and large-capacity low-temperature waste heat power generation equipment, and the optimized operation of the low-temperature waste heat power generation equipment is realized through the provided optimization control method.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
on one hand, the photo-thermal-heat storage-low temperature waste heat power supply system comprises a bus, photo-thermal equipment, heat storage equipment, low temperature waste heat power generation equipment and a control platform; the solar-thermal equipment, the heat storage equipment and the low-temperature waste heat power generation equipment are respectively connected to the bus, and the bus, the solar-thermal equipment, the heat storage equipment and the low-temperature waste heat power generation equipment are in communication with the control platform through 5G wireless communication.
The control platform comprises a user management module, an equipment information module, an alarm module and a system operation module;
the user management module manages user information;
the equipment information module is used for displaying the whole structure diagram of the system and acquiring information data of the selected equipment;
the alarm module is used for recording alarms in the system and marking the positions of alarm devices;
the system operation module is used for displaying the overall structure diagram of the system, establishing an optimal control model for the selected equipment and designing an optimal operation scheme.
On the other hand, the optimal control method of the photo-thermal-heat storage-low temperature waste heat power supply system is realized according to the photo-thermal-heat storage-low temperature waste heat power supply system, and comprises the following steps:
step 1: establishing an optimal control model of the photo-thermal-heat storage-low-temperature waste heat power supply system to maximize the energy utilization efficiency of the whole system; the optimization control model comprises an objective function and constraint conditions;
step 1.1: determining a target function of the photo-thermal-heat storage-low-temperature waste heat power supply system optimization control model;
the objective function is energy utilization efficiency, namely the ratio of the sum of electric energy generated by all low-temperature waste heat power generation equipment of the system in all time periods to the heat energy collected by all photo-thermal equipment of the system, and the function is expressed as:
in the formula etaAThe energy utilization efficiency of the system is improved; n is a radical oftCalculating the number of time sections for system optimization; n is a radical ofiThe number of the photo-thermal equipment in the system; n is a radical ofjFor low-temperature waste heat power generation in the systemThe number of the devices;
the heat produced by the ith photothermal device in the t time period;
the electric power generated by the jth low-temperature waste heat power generation equipment in the tth time period; Δ t calculates a single time segment length for system optimization.
Step 1.2: determining the constraint conditions of the photo-thermal-heat storage-low temperature waste heat power supply system optimization control model;
the constraint conditions include: discarding heat restriction, heat storage equipment heat storage restriction, heat storage equipment heat release restriction, heat storage equipment heat storage rate restriction, heat storage equipment heat release rate restriction, heat storage equipment heat balance restriction, heat storage equipment operation logic restriction, system electric power conservation restriction, system heat energy conservation restriction and low-temperature waste heat power generation equipment operation restriction;
the abandonment heat constraint is that the abandonment heat of any photo-thermal equipment in the system in any time period is a non-negative value, namely:
wherein
Heat was rejected for the ith photothermal unit for the t time period.
The heat storage capacity of the heat storage equipment is constrained in such a way that the heat storage capacity of any heat storage device in the system in any time period is less than or equal to the maximum heat storage capacity of the heat storage equipment and cannot be negative, namely:
wherein
For the heat of the corresponding heat storage device for the ith photothermal device during the t time period,
the maximum heat storage amount of the ith heat storage device.
The heat release amount of the heat storage equipment is constrained to be that the heat release amount of any heat storage equipment in the system in any time period is less than or equal to the maximum heat release amount of the heat storage equipment, and the heat release amount can not be negative, namely:
wherein
The heat release amount of the ith heat storage device in the t period;
the maximum heat release amount of the ith heat storage apparatus.
The heat storage rate of the heat storage equipment is constrained in such a way that the difference value of heat storage of any heat storage equipment in the system in any two continuous time periods is less than or equal to the maximum heat storage rate of the heat storage equipment, namely:
wherein
The maximum heat storage rate of the ith heat storage device;
the heat contained in the ith heat storage device in the t period; delta t is the length of a single time section calculated by system optimization;
the heat release rate of the heat storage equipment is restricted in a way that the difference value of heat release of any heat storage equipment in the system in any two continuous time periods is less than or equal to the maximum heat release rate of the heat storage equipment, namely:
wherein
The maximum heat release rate of the ith heat storage device.
The heat balance constraint of the heat storage equipment is that the contained heat of any heat storage equipment in the system in any time period is equal to the sum of the contained heat of the previous time period and the stored heat of the current time period, or the difference between the contained heat of the previous time period and the released heat of the current time period, namely:
wherein: k is a radical ofiThe heat dissipation rate of the ith heat storage device;
the heat storage efficiency of the ith heat storage device;
the heat release efficiency of the ith heat storage device;
the operating logic constraint of the heat storage equipment is that any heat storage equipment in the system can only select one of two operating states of heat storage and heat release in any time period, and can not store and release heat, namely:
the system electric power conservation constraint is that the electric power of a bus in the system must meet the electric power conservation law in any time period, namely:
wherein
Power sent for the external grid;
power required for the electrical load;
the heat energy conservation constraint of the system is that according to the energy flow topological structure of the system, the heat received by any low-temperature waste heat power generation equipment in any time period is equal to the sum of the heat emitted by all the corresponding heat storage equipment, namely:
wherein
The sum of the heat discharged by all the heat storage devices corresponding to the jth low-temperature waste heat power generation device.
The operation constraint of the low-temperature waste heat power generation equipment is that according to the organic Rankine cycle principle, the mathematical relation between the heat received by any low-temperature waste heat power generation equipment in any time period and the output electric power is expressed as follows:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the mass flow of the working medium of the jth low-temperature waste heat power generation equipment;
and the specific enthalpy value is the state point of the jth low-temperature waste heat power generation equipment.
Step 2: the control platform collects various data of the photo-thermal equipment, the heat storage equipment and the low-temperature waste heat power generation equipment;
the data comprises the operation parameters of all devices in the system in the step 1 and the solar direct radiation intensity prediction data which is obtained from the outside and sent to the control platform.
And step 3: solving by using a cuckoo search algorithm according to an objective function and constraint conditions of the optimization control model to obtain a system optimization operation scheme;
step 3.1: setting cuckoo search algorithm parameters, randomly generating positions of N bird eggs, randomly generating m initial solutions, calculating the fitness of each bird egg, and finding out the position with the optimal corresponding fitness as the current optimal solution, wherein the fitness is a value obtained after the solution is substituted into a target function;
step 3.2: keeping the current optimal solution position unchanged, and updating positions of the rest positions according to Levy flight to newly generate m-1 new eggs;
step 3.3: calculating the fitness of m-1 newly-generated new eggs, comparing the fitness with the current optimal solution, and reselecting the current optimal solution;
step 3.4: according to the set probability of finding the bird egg, finding the bird egg at the current position, discarding the found bird egg, and flying according to Levy to generate a new solution;
step 3.5: reselecting the current optimal solution according to the position with the optimal corresponding fitness;
step 3.6: judging whether the algorithm meets the requirement that the current iteration times reach the maximum iteration times, if so, outputting an optimal solution, finishing the algorithm, and skipping to the step 4; otherwise, returning to the step 1.2.
And 4, step 4: according to the system optimization operation scheme, the control platform realizes control operation through each system equipment control unit;
the system equipment control unit comprises a solar incident angle PID control unit of photo-thermal equipment, a heat storage valve PID control unit of heat storage equipment and a PID control unit of a heat release valve; the data of each system equipment control unit is provided by the optimization result of the control platform, and after the calculation instruction is completed, the instruction is sent to the corresponding control unit by using a GPRS wireless communication signal, so that the local control of the system is realized.
Adopt the produced beneficial effect of above-mentioned technical scheme to lie in:
the invention provides a photo-thermal-heat storage-low-temperature waste heat power supply system and an optimal control method, which have the following beneficial effects:
(1) the system can be configured for large-scale and large-capacity low-temperature waste heat power generation equipment, and an effective scheme is provided for grid connection of the large-scale and large-capacity low-temperature waste heat power generation equipment.
(2) The solar energy power generation system can effectively utilize solar energy, improves the permeability of new energy of a power system, improves the problem of power environmental pollution, combines heat energy and electric energy, and replaces the traditional mode for power generation by clean energy power generation. Meanwhile, the heat energy converted from solar energy is buffered and stored by the application of the heat storage equipment, and compared with the direct power generation of the traditional photo-thermal equipment, the solar energy utilization efficiency can be further improved.
(3) The photo-thermal-heat storage-low-temperature waste heat power supply system and the optimal control method can provide a reasonable control scheme for the system, and compared with the traditional optimal control scheme, the system can improve the use requirement of a load side on electric energy generated by new energy, so that the utilization degree of solar energy is improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a photothermal-thermal storage-low temperature waste heat power supply system according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic information flow diagram of a photothermal-thermal storage-low temperature waste heat power supply system according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a state point of a low temperature cogeneration apparatus in an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic front page of a photo-thermal-storage-low temperature waste heat power supply system control platform according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of a detailed information page of the device of the photo-thermal-storage-low-temperature waste heat power supply system control platform according to the embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of an alarm page of a control platform of the photothermal-thermal storage-low temperature waste heat power supply system according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of a system operation plan/history page of a photo-thermal-storage-low-temperature waste heat power supply system control platform according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 8 is a schematic diagram illustrating various control modes in the photo-thermal-storage-low-temperature waste heat power supply system according to the embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of embodiments of the present invention is provided in connection with the accompanying drawings and examples. The following examples are intended to illustrate the invention but are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
On one hand, the photo-thermal-heat storage-low temperature waste heat power supply system comprises a bus, photo-thermal equipment, heat storage equipment, low temperature waste heat power generation equipment and a control platform; as shown in fig. 1 and 2, the photothermal device, the heat storage device and the low-temperature waste heat power generation device are respectively connected to the bus, and the bus, the photothermal device, the heat storage device and the low-temperature waste heat power generation device communicate with the control platform through 5G wireless.
The control platform system comprises a user management module, an equipment information module, an alarm module and a system operation module;
the user management module is used for identifying a user name and a password, completing login operation of a user, displaying current time, a system overall structure schematic diagram and information of each device in the system, and providing a link button for the user to log out and modify the user information;
the equipment information module is used for displaying the overall structure schematic diagram of the system and the detailed information of the selected equipment;
the alarm module is used for displaying the overall structural schematic diagram of the system, the alarm records in the system and marking the positions of the alarm devices in the overall structural schematic diagram of the system;
the system operation module is used for displaying the overall structure schematic diagram of the system and displaying the operation plan or the historical plan of the system in a selected time period on the schematic diagram.
On the other hand, the optimal control method of the photo-thermal-heat storage-low temperature waste heat power supply system is realized according to the photo-thermal-heat storage-low temperature waste heat power supply system, and comprises the following steps:
step 1: establishing an optimal control model of the photo-thermal-heat storage-low-temperature waste heat power supply system to maximize the energy utilization efficiency of the whole system; and the decision variables are the abandoned heat of all the photothermal equipment in all the calculation time periods and the specific enthalpy value of all the low-temperature waste heat power generation equipment at each state point in all the time periods. The optimization control model comprises an objective function and constraint conditions;
step 1.1: determining a target function of the photo-thermal-heat storage-low-temperature waste heat power supply system optimization control model;
the objective function is energy utilization efficiency, namely the ratio of the sum of electric energy generated by all low-temperature waste heat power generation equipment of the system in all time periods to the heat energy collected by all photo-thermal equipment of the system, and the function is expressed as:
in the formula etaAThe energy utilization efficiency of the system is improved; n is a radical oftCalculating the number of time sections for system optimization; n is a radical ofiThe number of the photo-thermal equipment in the system; n is a radical ofjThe number of low-temperature waste heat power generation equipment in the system is shown;
the heat produced by the ith photothermal device in the t time period;
the electric power generated by the jth low-temperature waste heat power generation equipment in the tth time period; Δ t calculates a single time segment length for system optimization.
Wherein
The calculation method comprises the following steps:
in the formula
The mirror field optical efficiency for the ith photothermal device;
geometric efficiency of the mirror field for the ith photothermal device at time t;
(ii) the solar direct radiation intensity for the mirror field of the ith photothermal device at the t time period;
the collector heat collection area of the ith photothermal device.
Because the heat collected by any photo-thermal equipment in the system in any time period is equal to the sum of the heat output to the corresponding heat storage equipment and the waste heat, the system has the advantages of simple structure, low cost and high efficiency
There is another equation expression, namely:
in the formula
The heat of the corresponding heat storage device for the ith photothermal device during the t time period,
heat was rejected for the ith photothermal unit for the t time period.
in the formula betaiThe absorptivity of the coating of the heat collecting tube of the ith photo-thermal device; rhoiThe condenser specular reflectance for the ith photothermal device; gamma rayiThe condenser optical intercept factor of the ith photothermal device;
the condenser mirror transmittance of the ith photothermal device;
glass cover penetration rate for the ith photothermal device;
the cleanliness of a reflecting mirror surface of the ith photo-thermal equipment;
the glass cover surface cleanliness of the ith photothermal device.
in the formula
An end loss of the collector for the ith photothermal device during the t time period;
is the line-to-line shading coefficient of the ith photothermal device;
an incident angle correction coefficient for the ith photothermal device; thetai,tThe solar angle of incidence for the ith photothermal device.
in the formula fiIs the condenser focal length of the ith photothermal device; liCondenser length for the ith photothermal device; w is aiThe concentrator opening chord length of the ith photothermal device.
wherein d is the condenser interval of the ith photothermal device;
solar declination angle for the ith photothermal device at time period t.
cosθi,tthe calculation method comprises the following steps:
wherein: deltai,tSolar azimuth for the ith photothermal device at time t; omegai,tThe solar hour angle for the ith photothermal device at time t.
wherein:
The decision variable of the objective function is that all photo-thermal equipment abandons heat in all calculation time periods
Solar incident angle theta of photothermal devicei,tAnd specific enthalpy values of all low-temperature waste heat power generation equipment at all state points in all time periods
And
step 1.2: determining the constraint conditions of the photo-thermal-heat storage-low temperature waste heat power supply system optimization control model;
the constraint conditions include: discarding heat restriction, heat storage equipment heat storage restriction, heat storage equipment heat release restriction, heat storage equipment heat storage rate restriction, heat storage equipment heat release rate restriction, heat storage equipment heat balance restriction, heat storage equipment operation logic restriction, system electric power conservation restriction, system heat energy conservation restriction and low-temperature waste heat power generation equipment operation restriction;
the abandonment heat constraint is that the abandonment heat of any photo-thermal equipment in the system in any time period is a non-negative value, namely:
wherein
Heat was rejected for the ith photothermal unit for the t time period.
The heat storage capacity of the heat storage equipment is constrained in such a way that the heat storage capacity of any heat storage device in the system in any time period is less than or equal to the maximum heat storage capacity of the heat storage equipment and cannot be negative, namely:
wherein
For the heat of the corresponding heat storage device for the ith photothermal device during the t time period,
the maximum heat storage amount of the ith heat storage device.
The heat release amount of the heat storage equipment is constrained to be that the heat release amount of any heat storage equipment in the system in any time period is less than or equal to the maximum heat release amount of the heat storage equipment, and the heat release amount can not be negative, namely:
wherein
The heat release amount of the ith heat storage device in the t period;
the maximum heat release amount of the ith heat storage apparatus.
The heat storage rate of the heat storage equipment is constrained in such a way that the difference value of heat storage of any heat storage equipment in the system in any two continuous time periods is less than or equal to the maximum heat storage rate of the heat storage equipment, namely:
wherein
The maximum heat storage rate of the ith heat storage device;
the heat contained in the ith heat storage device in the t period; delta t is the length of a single time section calculated by system optimization;
the heat release rate of the heat storage equipment is restricted in a way that the difference value of heat release of any heat storage equipment in the system in any two continuous time periods is less than or equal to the maximum heat release rate of the heat storage equipment, namely:
wherein
The maximum heat release rate of the ith heat storage device.
The heat balance constraint of the heat storage equipment is that the contained heat of any heat storage equipment in the system in any time period is equal to the sum of the contained heat of the previous time period and the stored heat of the current time period, or the difference between the contained heat of the previous time period and the released heat of the current time period, namely:
wherein: k is a radical ofiThe heat dissipation rate of the ith heat storage device;
the heat storage efficiency of the ith heat storage device;
the heat release efficiency of the ith heat storage device;
the operating logic constraint of the heat storage equipment is that any heat storage equipment in the system can only select one of two operating states of heat storage and heat release in any time period, and can not store and release heat, namely:
the system electric power conservation constraint is that the electric power of a bus in the system must meet the electric power conservation law in any time period, namely:
wherein
Power sent for the external grid;
power required for the electrical load;
the heat energy conservation constraint of the system is that according to the energy flow topological structure of the system, the heat received by any low-temperature waste heat power generation equipment in any time period is equal to the sum of the heat emitted by all the corresponding heat storage equipment, namely:
wherein
The sum of the heat discharged by all the heat storage devices corresponding to the jth low-temperature waste heat power generation device.
The operation constraint of the low-temperature waste heat power generation equipment is that according to the organic Rankine cycle principle, the mathematical relation between the heat received by any low-temperature waste heat power generation equipment in any time period and the output electric power is expressed as follows:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the mass flow of the working medium of the jth low-temperature waste heat power generation equipment;
and the specific enthalpy value is the state point of the jth low-temperature waste heat power generation equipment.
Step 2: the control platform collects various data of the photo-thermal equipment, the heat storage equipment and the low-temperature waste heat power generation equipment;
the data includes the operating parameters of the devices in the system in step 1 and the solar direct radiation intensity prediction data acquired from the outside, which is collected by the meteorological device and sent to the control platform in this embodiment.
In this embodiment, the user management module, the device information module, the alarm module and the system operation module in the control platform system are respectively a home page, a device information page, an alarm page and a system operation plan/history page;
the schematic diagram of the user management module is shown in fig. 4, and besides the title and time displayed in the tab, a link button for modifying the user information and logging out is provided. The tabs also include buttons to return to the home page, go to the device details page, go to the alarm page, and go to the system operating plan/history page. The home page also comprises a system overall structure schematic diagram, and brief information is displayed in corresponding areas of all the devices. The control platform displays the current running state, the current power consumption, the calculation of the direct solar radiation and the prediction of the direct solar radiation; the power load displays the last communication time, the current power demand and the load prediction state; the external power grid displays the last communication time, the current voltage, the current output active power and the current output reactive power; the bus displays the current voltage, the current active power, the current reactive power and the current frequency; all low-temperature waste heat power generation equipment in the system displays the current running state, the last communication time, the current output power and the current input heat; all heat storage equipment in the system displays the current running state, the last communication time, the current output heat and the current input heat; all photo-thermal equipment in the system displays the current running state, the last communication time, the current output heat and the current abandon heat.
The device detail information page schematic diagram is shown in fig. 5, and the content of the device detail information page includes the name of the selected device and all system parameters and operation parameters thereof, in addition to the tab and the overall structure schematic diagram of the system. The system parameters comprise parameters of all the devices in the step 1 and topological structure information of the system; the operation parameters comprise the current operation state of the equipment, the last communication time and all decision variables of the equipment in all the steps 1.
The alarm page is shown in fig. 6, and the alarm page content includes an alarm information list, a serial number of the recorded alarm information, the occurrence time, the device sending the alarm, and the alarm information, in addition to the tab and the overall structure of the system.
The system operation plan/history page schematic diagram is shown in fig. 7, and the system operation plan/history page content includes, in addition to the tab and the system overall structure schematic diagram, an additional tab for viewing the selected plan/history plan, including six viewing modes of current, yesterday, last week, month, quarter, and selected time period. And displaying the operation plan of each device in the system in the overall system structure diagram and the detailed information bar. The operating plan includes plots of all decision variables versus parameter versus time in step 1 for the selected plant over the selected time period.
And step 3: solving by using a cuckoo search algorithm according to an objective function and constraint conditions of the optimization control model to obtain a system optimization operation scheme;
step 3.1: setting cuckoo search algorithm parameters, randomly generating positions of N bird eggs, randomly generating m initial solutions, calculating the fitness of each bird egg, and finding out the position with the optimal corresponding fitness as the current optimal solution, wherein the fitness is a value obtained after the solution is substituted into a target function;
step 3.2: keeping the current optimal solution position unchanged, and updating positions of the rest positions according to Levy flight to newly generate m-1 new eggs;
step 3.3: calculating the fitness of m-1 newly-generated new eggs, comparing the fitness with the current optimal solution, and reselecting the current optimal solution;
step 3.4: according to the set probability of finding the bird egg, finding the bird egg at the current position, discarding the found bird egg, and flying according to Levy to generate a new solution;
step 3.5: reselecting the current optimal solution according to the position with the optimal corresponding fitness;
step 3.6: judging whether the algorithm meets the requirement that the current iteration times reach the maximum iteration times, if so, outputting an optimal solution, finishing the algorithm, and skipping to the step 4; otherwise, returning to the step 1.2.
In this embodiment, the eggs correspond to the set of decision variables in step 1; the fitness corresponds to an objective function value calculated after the decision variable and other variables in the step 1 are substituted into the objective function; the optimal means that the value of the target function is lowest under the current solution set.
And 4, step 4: according to the system optimization operation scheme, the control platform realizes control operation through each system equipment control unit, as shown in fig. 8;
the system equipment control unit comprises a solar incident angle PID control unit of photo-thermal equipment, a heat storage valve PID control unit of heat storage equipment and a PID control unit of a heat release valve; the data of each system equipment control unit is provided by the optimization result of the control platform, and after the calculation instruction is completed, the instruction is sent to the corresponding control unit by using a GPRS wireless communication signal, so that the local control of the system is realized.
The foregoing description is only exemplary of the preferred embodiments of the disclosure and is illustrative of the principles of the technology employed. It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the scope of the invention in the embodiments of the present disclosure is not limited to the specific combination of the above-mentioned features, but also encompasses other embodiments in which any combination of the above-mentioned features or their equivalents is made without departing from the inventive concept as defined above. For example, the above features and (but not limited to) technical features with similar functions disclosed in the embodiments of the present disclosure are mutually replaced to form the technical solution.
Claims (7)
1. The photo-thermal-heat storage-low-temperature waste heat power supply system is characterized by comprising a bus, photo-thermal equipment, heat storage equipment, low-temperature waste heat power generation equipment and a control platform; the solar thermal equipment, the heat storage equipment and the low-temperature waste heat power generation equipment are respectively connected to the bus, and the bus, the solar thermal equipment, the heat storage equipment and the low-temperature waste heat power generation equipment are in communication with the control platform through 5G wireless communication;
the control platform comprises a user management module, an equipment information module, an alarm module and a system operation module;
the user management module manages user information;
the equipment information module is used for displaying the whole structure diagram of the system and acquiring information data of the selected equipment;
the alarm module is used for recording alarms in the system and marking the positions of alarm devices;
the system operation module is used for displaying the overall structure diagram of the system, establishing an optimal control model for the selected equipment and designing an optimal operation scheme.
2. An optimal control method of a photo-thermal-heat storage-low temperature waste heat power supply system is realized based on the photo-thermal-heat storage-low temperature waste heat power supply system of claim 1, and is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1: establishing an optimal control model of the photo-thermal-heat storage-low-temperature waste heat power supply system to maximize the energy utilization efficiency of the whole system; the optimization control model comprises an objective function and constraint conditions;
step 2: the control platform collects various data of the photo-thermal equipment, the heat storage equipment and the low-temperature waste heat power generation equipment;
the data comprises the operation parameters of all devices in the system in the step 1 and solar direct radiation intensity prediction data which is obtained from the outside and sent to the control platform;
and step 3: solving by using a cuckoo search algorithm according to an objective function and constraint conditions of the optimization control model to obtain a system optimization operation scheme;
and 4, step 4: and according to the system optimization operation scheme, the control platform realizes control operation through the equipment control units of all the systems.
3. The photo-thermal-storage-low-temperature waste heat power supply system optimization control method as claimed in claim 2, wherein the step 1 specifically comprises the following steps:
step 1.1: determining a target function of the photo-thermal-heat storage-low-temperature waste heat power supply system optimization control model;
the objective function is energy utilization efficiency, namely the ratio of the sum of electric energy generated by all low-temperature waste heat power generation equipment of the system in all time periods to the heat energy collected by all photo-thermal equipment of the system, and the function is expressed as:
in the formula etaAAs a system energy sourceUtilization efficiency; n is a radical oftCalculating the number of time sections for system optimization; n is a radical ofiThe number of the photo-thermal equipment in the system; n is a radical ofjThe number of low-temperature waste heat power generation equipment in the system is shown;
the heat produced by the ith photothermal device in the t time period;
the electric power generated by the jth low-temperature waste heat power generation equipment in the tth time period; delta t is the length of a single time section calculated by system optimization;
step 1.2: and determining the constraint conditions of the photo-thermal-heat storage-low temperature waste heat power supply system optimization control model.
4. The photo-thermal-storage-low-temperature waste heat power supply system optimization control method as claimed in claim 3, wherein the constraint conditions in step 1.2 include: the method is characterized in that the heat constraint, the heat storage device heat storage constraint, the heat storage device heat release constraint, the heat storage device heat storage rate constraint, the heat storage device heat release rate constraint, the heat storage device heat balance constraint, the heat storage device operation logic constraint, the system electric power conservation constraint, the system heat energy conservation constraint and the low-temperature waste heat power generation device operation constraint are abandoned.
5. The optimal control method for the photo-thermal-heat-storage-low-temperature waste heat power supply system as claimed in claim 4, wherein the waste heat constraint is that the waste heat of any photo-thermal device in the system in any time period is non-negative, namely:
wherein
For the ith photothermal deviceThe waste heat of the t time period;
the heat storage capacity of the heat storage equipment is constrained in such a way that the heat storage capacity of any heat storage device in the system in any time period is less than or equal to the maximum heat storage capacity of the heat storage equipment and cannot be negative, namely:
wherein
For the heat of the corresponding heat storage device for the ith photothermal device during the t time period,
the maximum heat storage quantity of the ith heat storage device;
the heat release amount of the heat storage equipment is constrained to be that the heat release amount of any heat storage equipment in the system in any time period is less than or equal to the maximum heat release amount of the heat storage equipment, and the heat release amount can not be negative, namely:
wherein
The heat release amount of the ith heat storage device in the t period;
the maximum heat release of the ith heat storage device;
the heat storage rate of the heat storage equipment is constrained in such a way that the difference value of heat storage of any heat storage equipment in the system in any two continuous time periods is less than or equal to the maximum heat storage rate of the heat storage equipment, namely:
wherein
The maximum heat storage rate of the ith heat storage device;
the heat contained in the ith heat storage device in the t period; delta t is the length of a single time section calculated by system optimization;
the heat release rate of the heat storage equipment is restricted in a way that the difference value of heat release of any heat storage equipment in the system in any two continuous time periods is less than or equal to the maximum heat release rate of the heat storage equipment, namely:
wherein
The maximum heat release rate of the ith heat storage device;
the heat balance constraint of the heat storage equipment is that the contained heat of any heat storage equipment in the system in any time period is equal to the sum of the contained heat of the previous time period and the stored heat of the current time period, or the difference between the contained heat of the previous time period and the released heat of the current time period, namely:
wherein: k is a radical ofiThe heat dissipation rate of the ith heat storage device;
the heat storage efficiency of the ith heat storage device;
the heat release efficiency of the ith heat storage device;
the operating logic constraint of the heat storage equipment is that any heat storage equipment in the system can only select one of two operating states of heat storage and heat release in any time period, and can not store and release heat, namely:
the system electric power conservation constraint is that the electric power of a bus in the system must meet the electric power conservation law in any time period, namely:
wherein
Power sent for the external grid;
power required for the electrical load;
the heat energy conservation constraint of the system is that according to the energy flow topological structure of the system, the heat received by any low-temperature waste heat power generation equipment in any time period is equal to the sum of the heat emitted by all the corresponding heat storage equipment, namely:
wherein
The sum of the heat discharged by all the heat storage devices corresponding to the jth low-temperature waste heat power generation device;
the operation constraint of the low-temperature waste heat power generation equipment is that according to the organic Rankine cycle principle, the mathematical relation between the heat received by any low-temperature waste heat power generation equipment in any time period and the output electric power is expressed as follows:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the mass flow of the working medium of the jth low-temperature waste heat power generation equipment;
and the specific enthalpy value is the state point of the jth low-temperature waste heat power generation equipment.
6. The photo-thermal-storage-low-temperature waste heat power supply system optimization control method as claimed in claim 2, wherein the step 3 specifically comprises the following steps:
step 3.1: setting cuckoo search algorithm parameters, randomly generating positions of N bird eggs, randomly generating m initial solutions, calculating the fitness of each bird egg, and finding out the position with the optimal corresponding fitness as the current optimal solution, wherein the fitness is a value obtained after the solution is substituted into a target function;
step 3.2: keeping the current optimal solution position unchanged, and updating positions of the rest positions according to Levy flight to newly generate m-1 new eggs;
step 3.3: calculating the fitness of m-1 newly-generated new eggs, comparing the fitness with the current optimal solution, and reselecting the current optimal solution;
step 3.4: according to the set probability of finding the bird egg, finding the bird egg at the current position, discarding the found bird egg, and flying according to Levy to generate a new solution;
step 3.5: reselecting the current optimal solution according to the position with the optimal corresponding fitness;
step 3.6: judging whether the algorithm meets the requirement that the current iteration times reach the maximum iteration times, if so, outputting an optimal solution, finishing the algorithm, and skipping to the step 4; otherwise, returning to the step 1.2.
7. The optimal control method for the photo-thermal-heat storage-low temperature waste heat power supply system according to claim 2, wherein the device control unit of the system in the step 4 comprises a photo-thermal device sun incident angle PID control unit, a heat storage device heat storage valve PID control unit and a heat release valve PID control unit; the data of each system equipment control unit is provided by the optimization result of the control platform, and after the calculation instruction is completed, the instruction is sent to the corresponding control unit by using a GPRS wireless communication signal, so that the local control of the system is realized.
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