CN113922071A - Mushroom-shaped structural unit with offset through hole, antenna and phase adjusting method - Google Patents
Mushroom-shaped structural unit with offset through hole, antenna and phase adjusting method Download PDFInfo
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- CN113922071A CN113922071A CN202111110992.XA CN202111110992A CN113922071A CN 113922071 A CN113922071 A CN 113922071A CN 202111110992 A CN202111110992 A CN 202111110992A CN 113922071 A CN113922071 A CN 113922071A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
- H01Q1/38—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith formed by a conductive layer on an insulating support
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
- H01Q3/26—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture
- H01Q3/30—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture varying the relative phase between the radiating elements of an array
- H01Q3/32—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture varying the relative phase between the radiating elements of an array by mechanical means
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Abstract
The invention discloses a mushroom-shaped structural unit of an offset through hole, which comprises a metal patch layer, a dielectric plate and a metal ground, wherein the metal patch layer, the dielectric plate and the metal ground are sequentially arranged from top to bottom; taking the center of the upper surface of the dielectric slab as an original point, setting the center as a z-axis along the height direction of the dielectric slab, setting the center as a y-axis and a x-axis along the length direction and the width direction of the dielectric slab respectively, and arranging through holes on two sides of the original point along the x-axis and/or the y-axis, wherein the through holes vertically penetrate through the metal layer and the dielectric slab; by setting the offset distance of the through holes, the mushroom-shaped structural units present different electromagnetic wave reflection phases. The invention also provides a method for adjusting the reflection phase of the plane wave. The mushroom-shaped structural unit of the offset through hole can realize stable phase change at a specified frequency by adjusting the offset distance, has a large unit phase modulation phase range, small insertion loss, a smooth unit phase curve and relatively uniform phase distribution, and can be suitable for various reflective array antennas.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of electromagnetic fields and waves, and particularly relates to a mushroom-shaped structural unit of an offset through hole, an antenna and a phase adjusting method.
Background
Due to the characteristics of high gain, electric control beam scanning and the like, the phased array antenna has wide application in the fields of wireless communication, radar detection, remote sensing imaging and the like. The electromagnetic band gap structure can realize higher surface impedance performance in a specific frequency band, and thus realizes a specific electromagnetic wave reflection phase, so that the electromagnetic band gap structure can be applied to the unit design of a phased array.
Generally, the metal patch, the dielectric layer and the via are three important elements constituting the electromagnetic bandgap structure, and the mushroom-shaped structural unit is a classic electromagnetic bandgap structure having three important elements of the electromagnetic bandgap structure. In the conventional mushroom structure design, the through hole is generally arranged at the right center, and the phase modulation of the electromagnetic wave reflection phase is difficult to realize.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the technical problems that the through hole is generally arranged at the right center position in the conventional mushroom structure design in the prior art and the phase modulation of the electromagnetic wave reflection phase is difficult to realize, the invention aims to provide a mushroom-shaped structure unit with offset through holes, an antenna and a phase modulation method.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides a mushroom-shaped structural unit of an offset through hole, which comprises a metal patch layer, a dielectric plate and a metal ground, wherein the metal patch layer, the dielectric plate and the metal ground are sequentially arranged from top to bottom; taking the center of the upper surface of the dielectric slab as an original point, setting the center as a z-axis along the height direction of the dielectric slab, setting the center as a y-axis and a x-axis along the length direction and the width direction of the dielectric slab respectively, and arranging through holes on two sides of the original point along the x-axis and/or the y-axis, wherein the through holes vertically penetrate through the metal layer and the dielectric slab; by setting the offset distance of the through holes, the mushroom-shaped structural units present different electromagnetic wave reflection phases.
The invention can realize stable phase change at the appointed frequency by changing the position of the offset through hole, namely the offset distance, the phase shift is close to 360 degrees, the insertion loss is smaller, the unit phase curve is smooth, the phase distribution is relatively uniform, and the invention can be suitable for various reflective array antennas. In addition, the mushroom-shaped structural units of any frequency are realized by changing the period of the mushroom-shaped structural units, the sizes of the metal patch layers and the through holes, the thickness of the dielectric plate and the relative dielectric constant.
Furthermore, the upper surface of the dielectric plate is square, a pair of through holes are respectively arranged along the x-axis direction and the y-axis direction, the through holes in the x-axis direction are symmetrical about the y-axis, and the through holes in the y-axis direction are symmetrical about the x-axis.
Further, the offset distances of the through holes in the x-axis and y-axis directions are the same, so that the mushroom-shaped structural units realize the same beam emergence direction.
Further, the offset distances of the through holes in the x-axis direction and the y-axis direction are different, so that the mushroom-shaped structural units respectively realize different beam emitting directions under different polarizations.
Further, the through holes in the x-axis direction are asymmetrically arranged with respect to the y-axis and/or the through holes in the y-axis direction are asymmetrically arranged with respect to the x-axis.
Further, the metal patch layer is one of a square, a rectangle, a circle, an ellipse or a rhombus.
The invention provides a method for adjusting plane wave reflection phase, which is characterized in that the mushroom-shaped structure unit presents different electromagnetic wave reflection phases by adjusting the offset distance of a through hole in the mushroom-shaped structure unit, namely the distance between the through hole and the origin, so as to achieve the purpose of adjusting the plane wave reflection phase.
The invention provides a reflective array antenna which comprises a reflective array, wherein the reflective array is composed of mushroom-shaped structural units with offset through holes.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the technical effects that: the mushroom-shaped structural unit of the offset through hole can realize stable phase change at a specified frequency by adjusting the offset distance, has a large unit phase modulation phase range, small insertion loss, a smooth unit phase curve and relatively uniform phase distribution, and can be suitable for various reflective array antennas. The invention also provides a method for adjusting the reflection phase of the plane wave and a reflection array antenna.
Drawings
The foregoing and/or additional aspects and advantages of the present invention will become apparent and readily appreciated from the following description of the embodiments, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings of which:
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a four offset through hole mushroom unit;
FIG. 2 is a side view of a four offset through hole mushroom-shaped unit;
FIG. 3 is a side view of a four offset through hole mushroom unit of different offsets;
FIG. 4 is a simulation diagram of reflection amplitude curves of a mushroom-shaped structure unit with four offset through holes under 8-16 GHz;
FIG. 5 is a phase curve simulation diagram of a mushroom-shaped structure unit with four offset through holes under 8-16 GHz;
FIG. 6 is a simulation graph of the reflection amplitude curves of a four-offset through-hole mushroom-shaped structure unit at 12.5 GHz;
FIG. 7 is a phase curve simulation plot of a four-offset via mushroom-shaped building block at 12.5 GHz;
FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram showing the arrangement positions of a pair of symmetrical through holes distributed along the x-axis;
FIG. 9 is a simulation graph of the variation curve of the reflection phase of TE and TM incident waves at 12.5GHz with the offset of through holes of a mushroom-shaped structural unit with a pair of symmetrical through holes distributed along the x-axis;
FIG. 10 is a schematic view of the distribution of two pairs of symmetrical vias with different offsets;
FIG. 11 is a TE, TM reflection phase simulation plot of a four offset via mushroom-shaped building block varying only the offset of vias disposed along the x-axis direction;
fig. 12 is a TE, TM reflection phase simulation diagram in which four offset via mushroom-shaped structural units change only the offset amount of vias arranged in the y-axis direction.
Description of reference numerals:
the metal patch layer comprises a metal patch layer 1, a dielectric plate 2, a metal ground 3, a through hole 4, an offset t, a dielectric plate height h and a metal patch layer side length w.
Detailed Description
Reference will now be made in detail to embodiments of the present invention, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein like or similar reference numerals refer to the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar function throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the drawings are illustrative and intended to be illustrative of the invention and are not to be construed as limiting the invention.
A mushroom-shaped structural unit of an offset via hole proposed according to an embodiment of the present invention is described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in fig. 1-12, the mushroom-shaped structure unit of the offset via includes a metal patch layer 1, a dielectric plate 2 and a metal ground 3, which are sequentially disposed from top to bottom, wherein the dielectric plate has a square structure; taking the center of the upper surface of the dielectric slab as an original point, setting the center as a z-axis along the height direction of the dielectric slab, setting the center as a y-axis and a x-axis along the length direction and the width direction of the dielectric slab respectively, and arranging through holes 4 on two sides of the original point along the x-axis and/or the y-axis, wherein the through holes vertically penetrate through the metal layer and the dielectric slab; by setting the offset distance of the through holes, the mushroom-shaped structural units present different electromagnetic wave reflection phases. The metal patch layer is one of square, rectangle, circle, ellipse or rhombus.
A method for adjusting plane wave reflection phase is to make mushroom-shaped structure unit present different electromagnetic wave reflection phase by adjusting the offset distance of through hole in mushroom-shaped structure unit, i.e. the distance between through hole and original point, so as to achieve the purpose of adjusting plane wave reflection phase.
A mushroom-shaped building block with four offset vias is taken as an example. As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the upper surface of the dielectric plate is square, and a pair of through holes are respectively arranged along the x-axis direction and the y-axis direction, the through holes in the x-axis direction are symmetrical about the y-axis, and the through holes in the y-axis direction are symmetrical about the x-axis. Specifically, the metal patch layer is a square metal patch with a through hole removed, and the side length of the metal patch layer is w; the upper surface of the dielectric plate is square, the height of the dielectric plate is h, and the metal patch layer is pasted in the middle of the dielectric plate; a pair of through holes are respectively arranged along the x-axis direction and the y-axis direction, the through holes arranged along the x-axis direction are symmetrical about the y-axis, and the through holes arranged along the y-axis direction are symmetrical about the x-axis. The offset distances of the through holes in the x-axis direction and the y-axis direction are the same, so that the mushroom-shaped structural units achieve the same beam emitting direction, and the offset of the offset distance is t.
The principle of the mushroom-shaped structural unit of the offset through hole is that the change of the reflection phase is realized by changing the position of the offset through hole, and the regulation and control range can be close to 360 degrees theoretically. The specific way of changing the position of the through hole is shown in fig. 3, wherein the offsets shown in fig. 3(a), 3(b) and 3(c) are 0.3mm, 2.2mm and 4.1mm, respectively. According to the equivalent circuit theory, the impedance of the mushroom-shaped structural unit is equivalent to the impedance of a parallel loop of an inductor and a capacitor, so that the impedance can be changed from negative infinity to positive infinity. According to the transmission line theory, the reflection coefficient calculation formula is as follows:
wherein Z is0The characteristic impedance of the transmission line is 377 omega in vacuum; zSIs the surface impedance of the mushroom-shaped structural unit. For a real characteristic impedance and an imaginary load impedance, i.e., surface impedance, the phase of the reflection coefficient may range from 180 degrees to-180 degrees with frequency when the adjustment is from-j ∞. At this time, the position of the bias through hole is changed, and the load impedance is changed, so that the reflection coefficient phase can be changed under the same frequency.
FIGS. 4 and 5 are simulation graphs of reflection amplitude curves and phase curves of mushroom-shaped structural units at 8-16 GHz respectively. In fig. 4, the frequency corresponding to the concave point in the reflection amplitude curve is the resonance frequency, and it can be seen from fig. 4 that the resonance frequency gradually decreases as the offset increases. In fig. 5, the frequency corresponding to the point where the phase is equal to 0 is the resonance frequency. As can be understood from fig. 4 and 5, by changing the offset distance of the through hole, the resonant frequency of the mushroom-shaped structural unit can be changed, and the purpose of changing the reflection phase of the mushroom-shaped structural unit is achieved. As t increases, the resonant frequency gradually decreases. And at the resonant frequency point, the reflection phase is 0, the amplitude of the reflection coefficient is the minimum value of the full frequency band at the frequency point, and the reflection loss is less than 0.5 dB.
Fig. 6 and 7 are simulation diagrams of reflection amplitude and phase changes which can be realized by adjusting the offset distance at 12.5GHz by using the four-offset through-hole mushroom-shaped structural unit respectively. As can be seen from fig. 6 and 7, at the target frequency point of 12.5GHz, as the offset distance t of the through hole increases, the reflection phase also gradually increases, and the amplitude is not too low, so that the performance of the antenna is not affected.
In the mushroom structure unit with the four offset through holes, the continuous different reflection phases can be realized by changing the distance from the center of the through hole, namely the offset t of the through hole. And due to symmetry, the offset of the through holes is the same, and the phase curves of the through holes are the same when the electric fields of the through holes are along the x axis and the y axis. This means that a mushroom structure of four offset vias can be used to implement a dual polarized reflective array antenna.
Only one pair of vias is a special case of four offset vias, taking a pair of vias distributed along the x-axis as an example, as shown in fig. 8, the vias are symmetrically arranged about the y-axis. The reflection phase of the TE wave and the reflection phase of the TM wave along the distance of the through hole are compared with the change curve of the reflection phase of the TE wave and the reflection phase of the TM wave along the x axis and the TM wave along the y axis in the direction perpendicular to the electric field of the incident wave at 12.5 GHz. As shown in fig. 9, it is known that the via hole shift has a large influence on the reflection coefficient of the TE wave, but has substantially no influence on the TM wave.
When the offset distances of the through holes in the x-axis direction and the y-axis direction are different, the mushroom-shaped structure units respectively realize different beam emergent directions under different polarizations, and further realize different phase distributions. A pair of through holes are arranged along the x-axis or y-axis direction, the offset distances of the through holes are the same, namely only one pair of through holes can realize different phase distributions under different polarizations.
As shown in fig. 10, when there are two pairs of through holes, but the offset of the through holes arranged along the x-axis direction is different from the offset of the through holes arranged along the y-axis direction, assuming that a pair of through holes are distributed along the x-axis, and are symmetrical with respect to the y-axis, the pair of through holes is denoted as a pair a of through holes, and the offset of the through hole a is t 1; and the other pair of vias is distributed along the y-axis, symmetrical with respect to the x-axis, and is denoted as via pair B, which is offset by t 2. Also assume that the direction of the normal incident wave electric field is TE waves along the x-axis and TM waves along the y-axis. In the case where only t1 is changed and in the case where only t2 is changed, the changes in the reflection phases of the TE wave and the TM wave are analyzed. As can be seen from fig. 11 and 12, the offset distance t1 of the via pair a can change the phase of the TE wave, and the offset distance t2 of the via pair B can change the phase of the TM wave.
When the through holes in the x-axis direction are asymmetrically arranged relative to the y-axis and/or the through holes in the y-axis direction are asymmetrically arranged relative to the x-axis, namely when only one pair of through holes exists, the offset of the two through holes is different; when there are two pairs of through holes and the offset of the four through holes is different, the purpose of changing the reflection phase of the mushroom-shaped structural unit can be realized under the two conditions.
The invention also provides a reflective array antenna which comprises a reflective array, wherein the reflective array is composed of the mushroom-shaped structural units of the offset through holes.
In the description herein, references to the description of the term "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "an example," "a specific example," or "some examples," etc., mean that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the terms used above are not necessarily intended to refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples. Furthermore, various embodiments or examples and features of different embodiments or examples described in this specification can be combined and combined by one skilled in the art without contradiction.
Furthermore, the terms "first", "second" and "first" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one such feature. In the description of the present invention, "a plurality" means at least two, e.g., two, three, etc., unless specifically limited otherwise.
While embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to the embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the claims and their equivalents.
Claims (8)
1. A mushroom-shaped structural unit of an offset through hole is characterized by comprising a metal patch layer, a dielectric plate and a metal ground which are sequentially arranged from top to bottom, wherein the dielectric plate is of a square structure; taking the center of the upper surface of the dielectric slab as an origin, setting the center as a z-axis along the height direction of the dielectric slab, setting the center as a y-axis and a x-axis along the length direction and the width direction of the dielectric slab, respectively, and setting through holes on two sides of the origin along the x-axis and/or the y-axis, wherein the through holes vertically penetrate through the metal layer and the dielectric slab; the mushroom-shaped structure units present different electromagnetic wave reflection phases by setting the offset distance of the through holes.
2. The mushroom-shaped structural unit of offset via holes of claim 1, wherein an upper surface of the dielectric plate has a square shape, a pair of the via holes are respectively provided along the x-axis direction and the y-axis direction, the via holes in the x-axis direction are symmetrical with respect to the y-axis, and the via holes in the y-axis direction are symmetrical with respect to the x-axis.
3. The via-offset mushroom shaped building unit of claim 2, wherein said offset distances of said vias in said x-axis and said y-axis directions are the same, such that said mushroom shaped building units achieve the same beam exit direction.
4. The via-offset mushroom-shaped structural unit of claim 2, wherein said offset distances of said vias along said x-axis and said y-axis are different such that said mushroom-shaped structural unit achieves different beam emergence directions for different polarizations, respectively.
5. The via-offset mushroom-shaped building block of claim 1, wherein the vias in the x-axis direction are disposed asymmetrically with respect to the y-axis and/or the vias in the y-axis direction are disposed asymmetrically with respect to the x-axis.
6. The via-biased mushroom-shaped structural unit of claim 1, wherein the metal patch layer is one of square, rectangular, circular, oval, or diamond-shaped.
7. A method of adjusting the reflection phase of a plane wave, characterized in that the mushroom-shaped structural units exhibit different reflection phases of an electromagnetic wave by adjusting the offset distance of the through holes in the mushroom-shaped structural units according to any one of claims 1 to 6.
8. A reflectarray antenna comprising a reflectarray, characterized in that the reflectarray is composed of mushroom-shaped building units according to any of claims 1 to 6.
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| CN202111110992.XA CN113922071A (en) | 2021-09-18 | 2021-09-18 | Mushroom-shaped structural unit with offset through hole, antenna and phase adjusting method |
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| CN202111110992.XA CN113922071A (en) | 2021-09-18 | 2021-09-18 | Mushroom-shaped structural unit with offset through hole, antenna and phase adjusting method |
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| US20170025727A1 (en) * | 2015-07-20 | 2017-01-26 | Tsinghua University | Double-layer planar phase modulation device |
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2021
- 2021-09-18 CN CN202111110992.XA patent/CN113922071A/en active Pending
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2009218966A (en) * | 2008-03-11 | 2009-09-24 | Nec Tokin Corp | Manufacturing method of ebg structure, ebg structure, ebg structure sheet and antenna device |
| US20110115584A1 (en) * | 2009-11-17 | 2011-05-19 | Toshiba Tec Kabushiki Kaisha | Periodic structure |
| CN102118917A (en) * | 2010-01-04 | 2011-07-06 | 三星电机株式会社 | Electromagnetic bandgap structure and printed circuit board |
| US20160359232A1 (en) * | 2013-12-11 | 2016-12-08 | Denso Corporation | Antenna device having patch antenna |
| CN105206940A (en) * | 2014-06-30 | 2015-12-30 | 南京理工大学 | Low profile polarization torsion reflection plate based on artificial magnetic conductor |
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