CN113919749A - Carbon neutralization evaluation method for listed companies - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of carbon neutralization evaluation, in particular to a carbon neutralization evaluation method for listed companies, which comprises the steps of collecting a bottom layer data source, calculating a bottom layer index score according to the bottom layer data source, using an analytic hierarchy process according to the bottom layer index score, weighting the different scores to obtain a four-level index score, applying an analytic hierarchy process according to the four-level index score, the invention uses natural language processing technique, pressure testing method and AHP layer analysis method to collect detailed traditional data and other data of listed company, and (3) calculating the weighted score of each level from bottom to top by setting a four-level scoring index system, and evaluating the key role played by the listed company in the carbon neutralization field.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of carbon neutralization evaluation, in particular to a carbon neutralization evaluation method for a company on the market.
Background
Carbon neutralization means that carbon dioxide emission generated by human activities is counteracted in modes of afforestation, environment-friendly travel, energy conservation, emission reduction and the like within a certain period, and the net emission of carbon dioxide is reduced to zero. In the process of realizing the aim of carbon neutralization, the method can promote energy production and consumption revolution, green industrial system creation and urbanization low-carbon development, gradually reverse the situation of rapid increase of greenhouse gas emission, effectively promote the synergy of economic high-quality development and high-level protection of ecological environment, and promote the economic and social development efficiency and benefit by gradually realizing the 'unhooking' of economic growth and greenhouse gas emission.
At present, the carbon neutralization of the listed companies is measured and calculated, the greenhouse gas emission of the listed companies is mainly measured and calculated, and the CO combustion of fossil fuel of the companies is measured and calculated by a professional carbon monitoring mechanism2CO emission and carbonate use process2Discharge, anaerobic treatment of wastewater CH4Exhaust, CH4Recovery and destruction of CO2The amount of recycling, net purchase of electricity and thermal implicit CO2 emissions, and the method of assessment of the significant role, investment opportunities and development potential of the market companies in carbon and development are missing.
Therefore, a carbon neutralization evaluation method for the listed companies needs to be designed, and a key role and long-term advantage performance of the listed companies in the carbon neutralization field are evaluated by using a unique evaluation system and method, so that an important reference role is played for potential mining and investment opportunities of the listed companies in the carbon neutralization field.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art, provides a carbon neutralization evaluation method for a listed company, evaluates the key role and long-term advantage performance of the listed company on the carbon neutralization field by using a unique evaluation system and method, and plays an important reference role in potential mining and investment opportunity of the listed company in the carbon neutralization field.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides a carbon neutralization evaluation method for listed companies, which comprises the following steps of constructing a four-level index system from top to bottom and integrating traditional data and alternative data for comprehensive evaluation:
s1: collecting a bottom layer data source;
s2: calculating a bottom index score according to a bottom data source;
s3: according to the bottom-layer index score, an analytic hierarchy process is applied, wherein the analytic hierarchy process combines qualitative factors and quantitative factors, mainly judges the importance of indexes, compares the importance of different indexes, gives different weights to different indexes, and weights different scores to obtain a four-level index score;
s4: and weighting the different scores by using an analytic hierarchy process according to the scores of the four-level indexes to obtain scores of the three-level indexes, and calculating the scores of the two-level indexes and the one-level indexes according to the weights in sequence.
Calculating the underlying indicator score comprises:
s10: identifying alternative data by using a Natural Language Processing (NLP) technology, scoring partial indexes of a bottom layer data source by using a keyword matching technology, and identifying whether a listed company is classified into industries of water, electricity, photovoltaic, wind power, new energy, nuclear power, energy conservation and environmental protection;
s20: through news and official websites, information whether the coal consumption of enterprises and the emission standard reach the standard in the past period is collected;
s30: identifying the carbon emission, carbon emission reduction, greenhouse gas emission, emission of each clean energy consumption and tonnage of emission reduction of an enterprise by using a keyword technology;
s40: performing character recognition on annual newspapers of all listed companies by using a PDF character recognition technology, and recognizing the energy consumption amount;
s50: monte Carlo simulation is used, which is a random sampling or statistical test method, and takes a probability model as a basis and a simulation experiment as an approximate solution of a problem. Different simulation is carried out on different climatic environments of listed companies, and various estimators are established, so that the listed companies are subjected to climate pressure test;
s60: and collecting environmental violation information such as punishment and punishment of the listed company in real time, and evaluating the environmental violation information of the listed company.
The energy consumption amount comprises power consumption, fuel oil consumption, coal consumption and natural gas consumption.
The pressure test in the S50 comprises the steps of simulating climatic conditions, simulating different scene settings for air temperature, precipitation and typhoon, and calculating the influence of the carbon emission right trading price on the property profitability (ROA) of the listed company.
The four-level index system comprises 1 first-level index system, 6 second-level index systems, 15 third-level index systems and 29 fourth-level index systems.
The primary index system includes an overall rating and an overall score.
The secondary index system comprises carbon neutralization dominance industry, carbon emission performance, emission reduction performance, energy consumption dominance, environmental performance and carbon emission efficiency.
The three-level indexes comprise industry advantage evaluation, key carbon emission field, enterprise energy consumption, energy consumption cost, carbon emission of listed companies, emission reduction, project emission reduction, energy consumption saving, environmental protection information disclosure, climate risk expression, ESG tail risk expression, environmental protection violation expression, enterprise operation state and enterprise carbon emission performance expression.
The four-level indexes comprise industry energy consumption evaluation, carbon neutralization prospect industry, carbon neutralization growth benefit industry, carbon neutralization dominant business, key carbon development field, key new energy industry, coal consumption, energy consumption amount, listed company greenhouse gas and carbon emission, listed company carbon emission reduction, listed company key project carbon emission reduction, total energy consumption, total electricity consumption, coal carbon usage, natural gas consumption, fuel oil consumption, electricity consumption saving, climate information disclosure, environmental social information disclosure, climate change risk, climate pressure test, ESG tail risk, pollution discharge, environmental protection overproof performance, other violations, enterprise operation listed state, performance-industry income ranking, performance-net profit ranking and performance-income.
The traditional data comprises carbon emission of listed companies and specific tonnage of carbon emission reduction, and the other data comprises data obtained by classifying the text data of the listed companies by applying NLP technology.
Compared with the prior art, the method provided by the invention has the advantages that the detailed traditional data and the alternative data of the listed company are collected by using a natural language processing technology, a pressure testing method and an AHP hierarchical analysis method, the weighted score of each hierarchy is calculated from bottom to top by setting a four-level scoring index system, and the key role of the listed company in the carbon neutralization field is evaluated.
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FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the key index of the rating of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention will now be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The invention provides a carbon neutralization evaluation method for a listed company, which is characterized in that a four-level index system is constructed from top to bottom for the listed company, and traditional data and alternative data are integrated for comprehensive evaluation, and the method specifically comprises the following steps:
s1: collecting a bottom layer data source;
s2: calculating a bottom index score according to a bottom data source;
s3: according to the bottom-layer index score, an analytic hierarchy process is applied, wherein the analytic hierarchy process combines qualitative factors and quantitative factors, mainly judges the importance of indexes, compares the importance of different indexes, gives different weights to different indexes, and weights different scores to obtain a four-level index score;
s4: according to the score of the four-level index, an analytic hierarchy process is applied, according to the score of the four-level index, the analytic hierarchy process is applied, different scores are weighted to obtain a score of the three-level index, a second-level index and a first-level index score are sequentially calculated according to the weight, the weighting rule is that the four-level index is weighted to obtain the score of the three-level index, the third-level index is weighted to obtain the score of the second-level index, and the score of the second-level index is weighted to obtain the score of the overall first-level index; for example, the emission reduction performance of the secondary index company is that the emission reduction performance of the following three-level index company is overall emission reduction and company project emission reduction, and when the two indexes are measured, the overall emission reduction of the company is more important than the emission reduction of a single project of the company, so that higher weight is given.
Calculating the underlying indicator score comprises:
s10: identifying alternative data by using a Natural Language Processing (NLP) technology, scoring partial indexes of a bottom layer data source by using a keyword matching technology, and identifying whether a listed company is classified into industries of water, electricity, photovoltaic, wind power, new energy, nuclear power, energy conservation and environmental protection;
s20: through news and official websites, information whether the coal consumption of enterprises and the emission standard reach the standard in the past period is collected;
s30: identifying the carbon emission, carbon emission reduction, greenhouse gas emission, emission of each clean energy consumption and tonnage of emission reduction of an enterprise by using a keyword technology;
s40: performing character recognition on annual newspapers of all listed companies by using a PDF character recognition technology, and recognizing the energy consumption amount;
s50: monte Carlo simulation is used, which is a random sampling or statistical test method, and takes a probability model as a basis and a simulation experiment as an approximate solution of a problem. Different simulation is carried out on different climatic environments of listed companies, and various estimators are established, so that the listed companies are subjected to climate pressure test;
s60: and collecting environmental violation information such as punishment and punishment of the listed company in real time, and evaluating the environmental violation information of the listed company.
The energy consumption amount comprises power consumption, fuel oil consumption, coal consumption and natural gas consumption.
The pressure test in the S50 comprises the steps of simulating climatic conditions, simulating different scene settings for air temperature, precipitation and typhoon, and calculating the influence of the carbon emission right trading price on the property profitability (ROA) of the listed company.
The four-level index system comprises 1 first-level index system, 6 second-level index systems, 15 third-level index systems and 29 fourth-level index systems.
The primary index system includes an overall rating and an overall score.
The secondary index system comprises carbon neutralization dominance industry, carbon emission performance, emission reduction performance, energy consumption dominance, environmental performance and carbon emission efficiency.
The three-level indexes comprise industry advantage evaluation, key carbon emission field, enterprise energy consumption, energy consumption cost, carbon emission of listed companies, emission reduction, project emission reduction, energy consumption saving, environmental protection information disclosure, climate risk expression, ESG tail risk expression, environmental protection violation expression, enterprise operation state and enterprise carbon emission performance expression.
The four-level indexes comprise industry energy consumption evaluation, carbon neutralization prospect industry, carbon neutralization growth benefit industry, carbon neutralization dominant business, key carbon development field, key new energy industry, coal consumption, energy consumption amount, listed company greenhouse gas and carbon emission, listed company carbon emission reduction, listed company key project carbon emission reduction, total energy consumption, total electricity consumption, coal carbon usage, natural gas consumption, fuel oil consumption, electricity consumption saving, climate information disclosure, environmental social information disclosure, climate change risk, climate pressure test, ESG tail risk, pollution discharge, environmental protection overproof performance, other violations, enterprise operation listed state, performance-industry income ranking, performance-net profit ranking and performance-income.
The traditional data comprises carbon emission of listed companies and specific tonnage of carbon emission reduction, and the other data comprises data obtained by classifying the text data of the listed companies by applying NLP technology.
Example (b):
the present invention is further illustrated by the following examples, which are intended to be illustrative only and are not intended to be limiting.
A specific example of a carbon neutralization evaluation method of a listed company:
firstly, collecting and selling bottom-layer data sources of a listed company, including annual reports of the company, social responsibility reports, announcements, databases of various information providers, public disclosure news and official authority websites, and calculating bottom-layer scores according to the bottom-layer data sources, wherein a Natural Language Processing (NLP) technology is used for identifying other data, and the other data score partial indexes of the bottom-layer data sources through a keyword matching technology and keywords such as carbon emission, energy-saving equipment and the like, so as to identify whether the listed company is classified into industries of hydropower, photovoltaic, wind power, new energy, nuclear power, energy conservation and environmental protection;
through public information such as news and official websites, information on whether the coal consumption of enterprises and the emission standard reach the standard in a period of time in the past is collected;
identifying the carbon emission, carbon emission reduction, greenhouse gas emission, emission of each clean energy consumption and tonnage of emission reduction of an enterprise by using a keyword technology;
performing character recognition on annual newspapers of all listed companies by using a PDF character recognition technology, and recognizing energy consumption amount, including cost amount related to carbon neutralization energy consumption such as power consumption, fuel oil, fire coal and natural gas consumption;
simulating weather conditions by using Monte Carlo simulation, simulating different scene settings for air temperature, rainfall and typhoon, calculating the influence of the carbon emission right transaction price on the asset profitability (ROA) of the listed company, testing the weather pressure of the listed company, and evaluating the weather risk of the listed company;
and collecting environmental violation information such as punishment and punishment of the listed company in real time, and evaluating the environmental violation information of the listed company.
And finally, weighting the different scores according to the four-level index score by using an analytic hierarchy process to obtain a three-level index score, and calculating a second-level index and a first-level index score according to the weights in sequence.
Specifically, for example, the bottom layer index indicates that carbon dioxide is emitted by a certain listed company for a certain year, the carbon dioxide emission of the certain year of the listed company is found by collecting the bottom layer data source of the listed company, identifying characters in annual newspapers and social responsibility reports by using natural language processing, and outputting the carbon dioxide emission as structured data. Judging the carbon dioxide emission data of the listed companies, if the carbon dioxide emission data is between 10 and 30 million tons, ranking lower in the carbon dioxide emission of the listed companies, and giving a higher score of-85 points. And similarly, collecting other bottom-layer indexes such as coal consumption, electricity consumption, waste gas, waste water, illegal violation data and the like to obtain corresponding scores, weighting the scores according to a certain weight to obtain a third-level index, and weighting sequentially to obtain a second-level index and a first-level index total score.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is only used to help understanding the method and the core idea of the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and all technical solutions belonging to the idea of the present invention belong to the protection scope of the present invention. It should be noted that modifications and embellishments within the scope of the invention may occur to those skilled in the art without departing from the principle of the invention, and are considered to be within the scope of the invention.
The method solves the problem that the existing evaluation method for the important role, investment opportunity and development potential of enterprises in carbon neutralization development in carbon neutralization evaluation and calculation is lacked, calculates the market potential and contribution of listed companies in the carbon neutralization field through a scientific index system and a data collection and rating method, and provides a method and a tool for financial investment institutions to explore the listed companies playing a key role in the carbon neutralization field.
Claims (10)
1. A carbon neutralization evaluation method for a listed company is characterized by comprising the following steps: a four-level index system is constructed from top to bottom for a company on the market, and traditional data and alternative data are integrated for comprehensive evaluation, and the method specifically comprises the following steps:
s1: collecting a bottom layer data source;
s2: calculating a bottom index score according to a bottom data source;
s3: according to the bottom-layer index score, an analytic hierarchy process is applied, wherein the analytic hierarchy process combines qualitative factors and quantitative factors, mainly judges the importance of indexes, compares the importance of different indexes, gives different weights to different indexes, and weights different scores to obtain a four-level index score;
s4: according to the four-level index score, weighting different scores by using an analytic hierarchy process to obtain a three-level index score, and calculating a second-level index and a first-level index score according to weights in sequence, wherein the weighting rule is that the four-level index is weighted to obtain the three-level index score, the three-level index is weighted to obtain the second-level index score, and the second-level index score is weighted to obtain the total first-level index score.
2. The method for carbon neutralization evaluation by marketable companies according to claim 1, wherein: the calculating the underlying metric score comprises:
s10: identifying alternative data by using a Natural Language Processing (NLP) technology, scoring partial indexes of a bottom layer data source by using a keyword matching technology, and identifying whether a listed company is classified into industries of water, electricity, photovoltaic, wind power, new energy, nuclear power, energy conservation and environmental protection;
s20: through news and official websites, information whether the coal consumption of enterprises and the emission standard reach the standard in the past period is collected;
s30: identifying the carbon emission, carbon emission reduction, greenhouse gas emission, emission of each clean energy consumption and tonnage of emission reduction of an enterprise by using a keyword technology;
s40: performing character recognition on annual newspapers of all listed companies by using a PDF character recognition technology, and recognizing the energy consumption amount;
s50: monte Carlo simulation is used, which is a random sampling or statistical test method, and takes a probability model as a basis and a simulation experiment as an approximate solution of a problem. Different simulation is carried out on different climatic environments of listed companies, and various estimators are established, so that the listed companies are subjected to climate pressure test;
s60: and collecting environmental violation information such as punishment and punishment of the listed company in real time, and evaluating the environmental violation information of the listed company.
3. The method for carbon neutralization evaluation of a listed company according to claim 2, wherein: the energy consumption amount comprises power consumption, fuel oil consumption, coal consumption and natural gas consumption.
4. The method for carbon neutralization evaluation of a listed company according to claim 2, wherein: the pressure test in the S50 comprises the steps of simulating weather conditions, simulating different scene settings for air temperature, precipitation and typhoon, and calculating the influence of the carbon emission right transaction price on the property profitability (ROA) of the listed company.
5. The method for carbon neutralization evaluation by marketable companies according to claim 1, wherein: the four-level index system comprises 1 first-level index system, 6 second-level index systems, 15 third-level index systems and 29 fourth-level index systems.
6. The method for carbon neutralization evaluation of a listed company according to claim 5, wherein: the primary index system includes a total rating and a total score.
7. The method for carbon neutralization evaluation of a listed company according to claim 5, wherein: the secondary index system comprises carbon neutralization dominance industry, carbon emission performance, emission reduction performance, energy consumption dominance, environmental performance and carbon emission efficiency.
8. The method for carbon neutralization evaluation of a listed company according to claim 5, wherein: the three-level indexes comprise industry advantage evaluation, key carbon emission field, enterprise energy consumption, energy consumption cost, carbon emission of listed companies, emission reduction, project emission reduction, energy consumption saving, environmental protection information disclosure, climate risk performance, ESG tail risk performance, environmental protection violation performance, enterprise operation state and enterprise carbon emission performance.
9. The method for carbon neutralization evaluation of a listed company according to claim 5, wherein: the four-level indexes comprise industry energy consumption evaluation, carbon neutralization prospect industry, carbon neutralization growth benefit industry, carbon neutralization dominant business, key carbon development field, key new energy industry, coal consumption, energy consumption amount, listed company greenhouse gas and carbon emission, listed company carbon emission reduction, listed company key project carbon emission reduction, total energy consumption, total electricity consumption, coal carbon usage, natural gas consumption, fuel oil consumption, electricity consumption saving, climate information disclosure, environmental social information disclosure, climate change risk, climate pressure test, ESG tail risk, pollution discharge, environmental protection overproof performance, other violations, enterprise operation listed state, performance-industry income ranking, performance-net profit ranking and performance-income.
10. The method for carbon neutralization evaluation by marketable companies according to claim 1, wherein: the traditional data comprises carbon emission of listed companies and specific tonnage of carbon emission reduction, and the alternative data comprises data obtained by classifying the text data of the listed companies by applying NLP technology.
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| CN116777483A (en) * | 2023-08-22 | 2023-09-19 | 中央财经大学 | Three-dimensional stereoscopic image system for describing carbon emission reduction planning and behavior characteristics of marketing company |
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