CN113917238A - Coal and rock dynamic disaster monitoring and early warning method based on electromagnetic radiation signal time domain-frequency domain characteristics - Google Patents

Coal and rock dynamic disaster monitoring and early warning method based on electromagnetic radiation signal time domain-frequency domain characteristics Download PDF

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CN113917238A
CN113917238A CN202010654401.4A CN202010654401A CN113917238A CN 113917238 A CN113917238 A CN 113917238A CN 202010654401 A CN202010654401 A CN 202010654401A CN 113917238 A CN113917238 A CN 113917238A
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宋大钊
何学秋
王恩元
娄全
邱黎明
刘洋
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Zhong-An Academy Of Safety Engineering
China University of Mining and Technology CUMT
University of Science and Technology Beijing USTB
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China University of Mining and Technology CUMT
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Abstract

The invention discloses a coal and rock dynamic disaster monitoring and early warning method based on electromagnetic radiation signal time domain-frequency domain characteristics. And processing the obtained signals to obtain the time domain and frequency domain distribution characteristics of the electromagnetic signals, selecting the electromagnetic radiation intensity, the pulse number and the change rate of the two parameters as electromagnetic radiation time domain characteristic parameters, and selecting the main frequency value and the main frequency value change trend as electromagnetic radiation frequency domain characteristic parameters. And selecting corresponding characteristic values to assign values to the characteristic parameters according to the actual characteristic conditions of the characteristic parameters, and applying a 1-9 scaling method and an analytic hierarchy process to obtain the electromagnetic radiation coal rock dynamic disaster time-frequency comprehensive risk coefficient K. And the coefficient is used as a prediction and early warning condition for monitoring the risk of coal and rock dynamic disasters in an early warning area, so that real-time, continuous and non-contact monitoring and early warning are realized.

Description

Coal and rock dynamic disaster monitoring and early warning method based on electromagnetic radiation signal time domain-frequency domain characteristics
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of coal rock dynamic disaster monitoring and early warning methods, in particular to a coal rock dynamic disaster monitoring and early warning method based on electromagnetic radiation signal time domain-frequency domain characteristics.
Background
The coal rock dynamic disaster is one of main disasters of coal mines in China, and is more serious along with the continuous increase of mining intensity and depth. The method effectively monitors and warns the coal and rock dynamic disasters, and is one of the keys of disaster prevention and control. The electromagnetic radiation method is used as a geophysical monitoring and early warning method, can realize dynamic, real-time and continuous monitoring and early warning, and has been widely applied to the field of coal and rock dynamic disaster monitoring and early warning.
The traditional electromagnetic radiation monitoring indexes of the coal and rock dynamic disasters are time sequence indexes of time domain statistical parameters such as counting, strength, energy and the like, lack frequency domain indexes and have certain limitations, so that a coal and rock dynamic disaster monitoring and early warning method based on electromagnetic radiation signal time domain-frequency domain characteristics is needed to be provided to solve the problems.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme: a coal and rock dynamic disaster monitoring and early warning method based on electromagnetic radiation signal time domain-frequency domain characteristics uses a broadband electromagnetic radiation three-way antenna, an electromagnetic radiation monitor, a remote monitoring computer and data processing software, and is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1, selecting a monitoring area and arranging measuring points;
the distance between each measuring point is 50m, and the error distance between each measuring point is controlled within 1m, so that effective acquisition of signals is ensured;
step 2, installing an instrument;
all the antennas are uniformly adjusted to be an x axis along the S direction of the compass, a y axis with horizontal anticlockwise 90 degrees, and the directions of the three axes of xyz of all the antennas are ensured to be consistent through a distance meter and a level meter, so that effective monitoring of a monitored area is ensured;
step 3, data acquisition;
continuously monitoring a monitored area in real time through an electromagnetic radiation three-way antenna, wherein the sampling frequency is not less than 200 kHz; collecting 3 groups of original waveforms in 3 directions with the storage time of 5min every hour; wirelessly transmitting the acquired 3 groups of electromagnetic radiation signal waveform data to a remote monitoring computer;
step 4, early warning of data processing and time-frequency fusion;
extracting effective waveforms of the 3 groups of signals through data processing software, and processing to obtain an electromagnetic radiation signal time sequence index and a frequency domain index value; and respectively carrying out critical early warning and trend early warning on the electromagnetic radiation time sequence index and the frequency domain index, and then fusing the time and frequency early warning results to realize time-frequency two-dimensional early warning of the coal and rock dynamic disaster.
Compared with the prior art, the invention provides a coal rock dynamic disaster monitoring and early warning method based on electromagnetic radiation signal time domain-frequency domain characteristics, which has the following beneficial effects:
according to the method, the frequency domain indexes are extracted from the coal rock electromagnetic radiation frequency domain angle according to the electromagnetic radiation frequency characteristics, so that a method for early warning the coal rock dynamic disaster in a time-frequency two-dimensional mode through electromagnetic radiation is formed, an electromagnetic radiation monitoring and early warning index system for the coal rock dynamic disaster is enriched, a more effective early warning model is constructed, and accurate monitoring and early warning on the coal rock dynamic disaster are realized;
in the invention, the electromagnetic radiation intensity, the pulse number and the change rate of the two parameters are selected as the electromagnetic radiation time domain characteristic parameters, and the dominant frequency value and the change trend of the dominant frequency value are selected as the electromagnetic radiation frequency domain characteristic parameters. And selecting corresponding characteristic values to assign values to the characteristic parameters according to the actual characteristic conditions of the characteristic parameters, and applying a 1-9 scaling method and an analytic hierarchy process to obtain the electromagnetic radiation coal rock dynamic disaster time-frequency comprehensive risk coefficient K. The coefficient is used as a prediction and early warning condition for monitoring the risk of coal and rock dynamic disasters in an early warning area, so that real-time, continuous and non-contact monitoring and early warning are realized;
in addition, the method is also suitable for monitoring and early warning of rockburst disasters of non-coal mines, and can provide support for prevention and control of mine coal and rock instability damage type disasters.
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FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the present invention.
Detailed Description
Referring to fig. 1, the present invention provides a technical solution: a coal and rock dynamic disaster monitoring and early warning method based on electromagnetic radiation signal time domain-frequency domain characteristics uses a broadband electromagnetic radiation three-way antenna, an electromagnetic radiation monitor, a remote monitoring computer and data processing software, and is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1, selecting a monitoring area and arranging measuring points;
the distance between each measuring point is 50m, and the error distance between each measuring point is controlled within 1m, so that effective acquisition of signals is ensured;
step 2, installing an instrument;
all the antennas are uniformly adjusted to be an x axis along the S direction of the compass, a y axis with horizontal anticlockwise 90 degrees, and the directions of the three axes of xyz of all the antennas are ensured to be consistent through a distance meter and a level meter, so that effective monitoring of a monitored area is ensured;
step 3, data acquisition;
continuously monitoring a monitored area in real time through an electromagnetic radiation three-way antenna, wherein the sampling frequency is not less than 200 kHz; collecting 3 groups of original waveforms in 3 directions with the storage time of 5min every hour; wirelessly transmitting the acquired 3 groups of electromagnetic radiation signal waveform data to a remote monitoring computer;
step 4, early warning of data processing and time-frequency fusion;
extracting effective waveforms of the 3 groups of signals through data processing software, and processing to obtain an electromagnetic radiation signal time sequence index and a frequency domain index value; and respectively carrying out critical early warning and trend early warning on the electromagnetic radiation time sequence index and the frequency domain index, and then fusing the time and frequency early warning results to realize time-frequency two-dimensional early warning of the coal and rock dynamic disaster.
In this embodiment, in the step 4, in the early warning of data processing and time-frequency fusion,
the time sequence early warning indexes comprise electromagnetic radiation intensity and pulse number, and statistics is carried out by taking 1s as a unit.
In this embodiment, in the step 4, in the early warning of data processing and time-frequency fusion,
the critical early warning of the time sequence index specifically comprises the following steps: according to the electromagnetic radiation signal intensity statistical result, taking the maximum intensity value within 5min as E, and taking the maximum intensity value as E<10mV、10mV≤E<The intensity E is divided into three conditions by more than or equal to 30mV and more than or equal to 30mV, which correspond to V scales of 1-9 respectivelyE1, 5, 9;
according to the statistical result of the pulse number of the electromagnetic radiation signal, taking the maximum value of the pulse number within 5min as N, and taking N as<N is 100 times/s and 100 times/s is less than or equal to<Dividing the pulse number N into three conditions with the number of times/s 500 and the number of times/s N not less than 500, wherein the three conditions correspond to the scales V of 1-9 respectivelyN1, 5, 9;
then for a waveform of 5min for one monitoring period, 3 sets of V in 3 directions can be obtainedEAnd VN。
In this embodiment, in the step 4, in the early warning of data processing and time-frequency fusion,
the time sequence index trend early warning specifically comprises the following steps: for the result of the electromagnetic radiation signal intensity E, according to
Figure BDA0002575329540000041
In the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
Figure BDA0002575329540000045
-the maximum value of signal strength, in units, V, of the nth monitoring period;
Figure BDA0002575329540000042
-the average, in units, V of the maximum values of the intensity of each monitoring period within 48h before the nth monitoring period;
RCE-rate of change of electromagnetic radiation signal intensity E;
calculating the rate of change RC of the electromagnetic radiation signal intensity EEAnd divide (|)<20％、20％≤|RCE RCE|<40％、|RCE(ii) a rate of change RC of | > 40 |)EThe method is divided into three cases which respectively correspond to 1-9 scales
Figure BDA0002575329540000043
1, 5, 9;
for the result of the number N of pulses of the electromagnetic radiation signal, based on
Figure BDA0002575329540000044
In the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
Figure BDA0002575329540000054
-the maximum value of the number of pulses of the signal in the nth monitoring period, unit, times/s;
Figure BDA0002575329540000051
-the average, unit, times/s of the maximum value of the number of pulses of each monitoring period within 48h before the nth monitoring period;
RCN-rate of change of the number N of pulses of the electromagnetic radiation signal;
calculating the change rate RC of the pulse number N of the electromagnetic radiation signalNAnd with | RCN|<20％、20％≤|RCN|<40％、|RCN(ii) a rate of change RC of | > 40 |)NThe method is divided into three cases which respectively correspond to 1-9 scales
Figure BDA0002575329540000055
1, 5, 9;
for a waveform of 5min for one monitoring period, 3 sets of 3 directions can be obtained
Figure BDA0002575329540000057
And
Figure BDA0002575329540000056
in this embodiment, in the step 4, in the early warning of data processing and time-frequency fusion,
the critical early warning of the frequency domain indexes comprises the following specific steps: extracting effective waveforms of 3 groups of signals, calculating power spectral density curve of the effective waveforms, extracting main frequency of the effective waveforms, taking the minimum main frequency of a single group of waveforms as MF, and using the MF as the MF<40kHz、40kHz≤MF<The main frequency MF is divided into three conditions with 100kHz and MF being more than or equal to 100kHz, and the three conditions respectively correspond to the scales V of 1-9MFIs 9, 5, 1;
then for a waveform of 5min for one monitoring period, 3V for 3 directions can be obtainedMF。
In this embodiment, in the step 4, in the early warning of data processing and time-frequency fusion,
the frequency domain index trend early warning specifically comprises the following steps: for the results of the main frequency MF of the electromagnetic radiation signal
Figure BDA0002575329540000052
In the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
Figure BDA0002575329540000058
-minimum dominant frequency, in units, kHz, of the nth monitoring period;
Figure BDA0002575329540000053
-the average value, in units, kHz of the minimum dominant frequency of each monitoring period within 48h before the nth monitoring period;
RCMF-rate of change of electromagnetic radiation signal dominant frequency MF;
calculating the rate of change RC of the main frequency MF of the electromagnetic radiation signalMFAnd with | RCMF|<20％、20％≤|RCMF|<40％、|RCMF(ii) a rate of change RC of | > 40 |)MFThe method is divided into three cases which respectively correspond to 1-9 scales
Figure BDA0002575329540000061
1, 5, 9;
then for a waveform of 5min for one monitoring period, 3 directions of 3 can be obtained
Figure BDA0002575329540000062
In this embodiment, in the step 4, in the early warning of data processing and time-frequency fusion,
the time-frequency fusion early warning specifically comprises the following steps: according to the analytic hierarchy process, the comprehensive risk coefficient
Figure BDA0002575329540000063
3 Ks in 3 directions can be obtained for a waveform of a monitoring time period of 5min, and the maximum K value is taken as a final early warning result;
the relationship between the electromagnetic radiation coal rock dynamic disaster comprehensive early warning result and the electromagnetic radiation coal rock dynamic disaster time-frequency two-dimensional comprehensive risk coefficient K is shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1 comprehensive early warning result table
Figure BDA0002575329540000064
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art can substitute or change the technical solution of the present invention and the inventive concept within the technical scope of the present invention, and the technical solution and the inventive concept thereof should be covered by the scope of the present invention.

Claims (7)

1. A coal and rock dynamic disaster monitoring and early warning method based on electromagnetic radiation signal time domain-frequency domain characteristics uses a broadband electromagnetic radiation three-way antenna, an electromagnetic radiation monitor, a remote monitoring computer and data processing software, and is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1, selecting a monitoring area and arranging measuring points;
the distance between each measuring point is 50m, and the error distance between each measuring point is controlled within 1m, so that effective acquisition of signals is ensured;
step 2, installing an instrument;
all the antennas are uniformly adjusted to be an x axis along the S direction of the compass, a y axis with horizontal anticlockwise 90 degrees, and the directions of the three axes of xyz of all the antennas are ensured to be consistent through a distance meter and a level meter, so that effective monitoring of a monitored area is ensured;
step 3, data acquisition;
continuously monitoring a monitored area in real time through an electromagnetic radiation three-way antenna, wherein the sampling frequency is not less than 200 kHz; collecting 3 groups of original waveforms in 3 directions with the storage time of 5min every hour; wirelessly transmitting the acquired 3 groups of electromagnetic radiation signal waveform data to a remote monitoring computer;
step 4, early warning of data processing and time-frequency fusion;
extracting effective waveforms of the 3 groups of signals through data processing software, and processing to obtain an electromagnetic radiation signal time sequence index and a frequency domain index value; and respectively carrying out critical early warning and trend early warning on the electromagnetic radiation time sequence index and the frequency domain index, and then fusing the time and frequency early warning results to realize time-frequency two-dimensional early warning of the coal and rock dynamic disaster.
2. The coal rock dynamic disaster monitoring and early warning method based on the electromagnetic radiation signal time domain-frequency domain features as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in the step 4, in the early warning of data processing and time-frequency fusion,
the time sequence early warning indexes comprise electromagnetic radiation intensity and pulse number, and statistics is carried out by taking 1s as a unit.
3. The coal rock dynamic disaster monitoring and early warning method based on the electromagnetic radiation signal time domain-frequency domain features as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in the step 4, in the early warning of data processing and time-frequency fusion,
the critical early warning of the time sequence index specifically comprises the following steps: according to the electromagnetic radiation signal intensity statistical result, taking the maximum intensity value within 5min as E, and taking the maximum intensity value as E<10mV、10mV≤E<The intensity E is divided into three conditions by more than or equal to 30mV and more than or equal to 30mV, which correspond to V scales of 1-9 respectivelyE1, 5, 9;
according to the statistical result of the pulse number of the electromagnetic radiation signal, taking the maximum value of the pulse number within 5min as N, and taking N as<N is 100 times/s and 100 times/s is less than or equal to<Dividing the pulse number N into three conditions with the number of times/s 500 and the number of times/s N not less than 500, wherein the three conditions correspond to the scales V of 1-9 respectivelyN1, 5, 9;
then for a waveform of 5min for one monitoring period, 3 sets of V in 3 directions can be obtainedEAnd VN。
4. The coal rock dynamic disaster monitoring and early warning method based on the electromagnetic radiation signal time domain-frequency domain features as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in the step 4, in the early warning of data processing and time-frequency fusion,
the time sequence index trend early warning specifically comprises the following steps: for the result of the electromagnetic radiation signal intensity E, according to
Figure FDA0002575329530000021
In the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
Figure FDA0002575329530000022
-the maximum value of signal strength, in units, V, of the nth monitoring period;
Figure FDA0002575329530000023
-the average, in units, V of the maximum values of the intensity of each monitoring period within 48h before the nth monitoring period;
RCE-rate of change of electromagnetic radiation signal intensity E;
calculating a variation of the electromagnetic radiation signal intensity EConversion rate RCEAnd divide (|)<20％、20％≤|RCE RCE|<40％、|RCE(ii) a rate of change RC of | > 40 |)EThe method is divided into three cases which respectively correspond to 1-9 scales
Figure FDA0002575329530000024
1, 5, 9;
for the result of the number N of pulses of the electromagnetic radiation signal, based on
Figure FDA0002575329530000025
In the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
Figure FDA0002575329530000031
-the maximum value of the number of pulses of the signal in the nth monitoring period, unit, times/s;
Figure FDA0002575329530000032
-the average, unit, times/s of the maximum value of the number of pulses of each monitoring period within 48h before the nth monitoring period;
RCN-rate of change of the number N of pulses of the electromagnetic radiation signal;
calculating the change rate RC of the pulse number N of the electromagnetic radiation signalNAnd with | RCN|<20％、20％≤|RCN|<40％、|RCN(ii) a rate of change RC of | > 40 |)NThe method is divided into three cases which respectively correspond to 1-9 scales
Figure FDA0002575329530000033
1, 5, 9;
for a waveform of 5min for one monitoring period, 3 sets of 3 directions can be obtained
Figure FDA0002575329530000034
And
Figure FDA0002575329530000035
5. the coal rock dynamic disaster monitoring and early warning method based on the electromagnetic radiation signal time domain-frequency domain features as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in the step 4, in the early warning of data processing and time-frequency fusion,
the critical early warning of the frequency domain indexes comprises the following specific steps: extracting effective waveforms of 3 groups of signals, calculating power spectral density curve of the effective waveforms, extracting main frequency of the effective waveforms, taking the minimum main frequency of a single group of waveforms as MF, and using the MF as the MF<40kHz、40kHz≤MF<The main frequency MF is divided into three conditions with 100kHz and MF being more than or equal to 100kHz, and the three conditions respectively correspond to the scales V of 1-9MFIs 9, 5, 1;
then for a waveform of 5min for one monitoring period, 3V for 3 directions can be obtainedMF。
6. The coal rock dynamic disaster monitoring and early warning method based on the electromagnetic radiation signal time domain-frequency domain features as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in the step 4, in the early warning of data processing and time-frequency fusion,
the frequency domain index trend early warning specifically comprises the following steps: for the results of the main frequency MF of the electromagnetic radiation signal
Figure FDA0002575329530000036
In the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
Figure FDA0002575329530000041
-minimum dominant frequency, in units, kHz, of the nth monitoring period;
Figure FDA0002575329530000042
-the average value, in units, kHz of the minimum dominant frequency of each monitoring period within 48h before the nth monitoring period;
RCMF-rate of change of electromagnetic radiation signal dominant frequency MF;
calculating the rate of change RC of the main frequency MF of the electromagnetic radiation signalMFAnd with | RCMF|<20％、20％≤|RCMF|<40％、|RCMF(ii) a rate of change RC of | > 40 |)MFThe method is divided into three cases which respectively correspond to 1-9 scales
Figure FDA0002575329530000043
1, 5, 9;
then for a waveform of 5min for one monitoring period, 3 directions of 3 can be obtained
Figure FDA0002575329530000044
7. The coal rock dynamic disaster monitoring and early warning method based on the electromagnetic radiation signal time domain-frequency domain features as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in the step 4, in the early warning of data processing and time-frequency fusion,
the time-frequency fusion early warning specifically comprises the following steps: according to the analytic hierarchy process, the comprehensive risk coefficient
Figure FDA0002575329530000045
3 Ks in 3 directions can be obtained for a waveform of a monitoring time period of 5min, and the maximum K value is taken as a final early warning result;
the relationship between the electromagnetic radiation coal rock dynamic disaster comprehensive early warning result and the electromagnetic radiation coal rock dynamic disaster time-frequency two-dimensional comprehensive risk coefficient K is as follows:
when the K value is in the range of 0-2, the comprehensive early warning result is risk-free;
when the K value is within the range of 2-4, the comprehensive early warning result is low risk;
when the K value is in the range of 4-6, the comprehensive early warning result is a medium risk;
and when the K value is in the range of 6-10, the comprehensive early warning result is high risk.
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