CN113913827A - Quenching and tempering zinc-plated carbon steel metallographic corrosive agent and application thereof - Google Patents
Quenching and tempering zinc-plated carbon steel metallographic corrosive agent and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention particularly relates to a metallographic corrosive agent for a galvanized carbon steel in a quenched and tempered state and application thereof, belonging to the technical field of metallographic preparation, wherein the corrosive agent comprises a corrosive agent A and a corrosive agent B; the corrosive agent A comprises ferric chloride, boric acid and a first solvent; the corrosive agent B comprises a nitric acid solution, a hydrochloric acid solution and a second solvent; two corrosive agents are adopted to sequentially corrode the sample, the corrosive agent A and the ferric chloride are taken as strong corrosive agents to perform replacement reaction with the zinc coating on the edge of the metallographic ground surface, so that a Zn simple substance is changed into Zn2+And has no corrosion effect on the carbon steel substrate. The zinc coating is replaced by Fe simple substance, and the electrochemical potential of the Fe simple substance is basically consistent with that of the alloy matrix. Then, the corrosive agent B is used, nitric acid in the corrosive agent B is used as a strong corrosive agent, and the nitric acid and the base body and the replaced Fe simple substance can generate chemical reaction, and the chemical reaction is consistent with the chemical reaction generated by the carbon steel without the coating and the corrosive agent B. Thus, the effect of the coating on the metallographic corrosion is eliminated.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of steel preparation, and particularly relates to a metallographic corrosive agent for a zinc-plated carbon steel in a quenched and tempered state and application thereof.
Background
The metallographic corrosion method of the quenched and tempered carbon steel generally uses 4 percent nitric acid alcohol solution to corrode for 2 to 4S. For the quenched and tempered carbon steel with the zinc coating, when the traditional 4% nitric acid alcohol solution is used for corrosion, if the time is set to be 2-4S, a white edge phenomenon appears, namely the metallographic structure near the coating is light in color, and the decarburization is easily judged by mistake. The reason for this phenomenon is that the zinc coating electrochemically protects the carbon steel substrate material nearby, nitric acid corrodes the zinc coating first, and the substrate material is protected so as not to be corroded easily. The traditional method for solving the phenomenon is to increase the corrosion time, which is easy to cause excessive corrosion of the core tissue and even the whole polished surface. The over-corrosion sample of the polished surface can only be ground and polished again, which greatly prolongs the preparation time of the metallographic sample and increases the labor intensity of a tester.
Disclosure of Invention
The application aims to provide a metallographic corrosive agent for the quenched and tempered galvanized carbon steel and application thereof, and aims to solve the problems that the metallographic corrosive layer of the carbon steel with a galvanized layer is too shallow, misjudgment is easy to be made as decarburization, and the corrosion time is prolonged to cause over corrosion.
The embodiment of the invention provides a metallographic corrosive agent for a quenched and tempered galvanized carbon steel, which comprises a corrosive agent A and a corrosive agent B;
the corrosive agent A comprises ferric chloride, boric acid and a first solvent, wherein 3-5g of ferric chloride is dissolved in each 100mL of the first solvent, and 0.5g of boric acid is dissolved in each 100mL of the first solvent;
the corrosive agent B comprises a nitric acid solution, a hydrochloric acid solution and a second solvent, wherein the volume ratio of the nitric acid solution to the hydrochloric acid solution to the second solvent is (2-8): 1-5: 100.
optionally, the first solvent is water; the mass fraction of the nitric acid solution is 60-70%; the mass fraction of the hydrochloric acid solution is 30-40%; the second solvent is absolute alcohol.
Based on the same invention concept, the embodiment of the invention also provides an application of the corrosive agent for the quenched and tempered galvanized carbon steel, wherein the application comprises the step of applying the corrosive agent to the preparation of a metallographic sample of the quenched and tempered galvanized carbon steel;
the corrosive agent comprises corrosive agent A and corrosive agent B;
the corrosive agent A comprises ferric chloride, boric acid and a first solvent, wherein 3-5g of ferric chloride is dissolved in each 100mL of the first solvent, and 0.5g of boric acid is dissolved in each 100mL of the first solvent;
the corrosive agent B comprises a nitric acid solution, a hydrochloric acid solution and a second solvent, wherein the volume ratio of the nitric acid solution to the hydrochloric acid solution to the second solvent is (2-8): 1-5: 100.
optionally, the metallographic structure of the quenched and tempered galvanized carbon steel is tempered sorbite or tempered troostite.
Optionally, the thickness of the zinc coating layer of the quenched and tempered zinc-plated carbon steel is 10-35 μm.
Optionally, the base material of the quenched and tempered zinc-plated carbon steel comprises, by mass: c: 0.15-0.55%, Si is less than or equal to 1%, Mn: 1.0-2.0%, P is less than or equal to 0.05%, S is less than or equal to 0.05%, Cr: 0.2% -2.5%, Ni: 0.1% -4.5%, Mo: 0.2 to 0.6 percent of the total weight of the alloy, less than or equal to 0.6 percent of N, less than or equal to 0.3 percent of Cu, less than or equal to 1.5 percent of W, less than or equal to 0.5 percent of V, and the balance of Fe and other inevitable impurity elements.
Optionally, the preparing of the metallographic specimen of the quenched and tempered galvanized carbon steel specifically includes:
obtaining a corrosive agent A and a corrosive agent B;
carrying out coarse grinding, fine grinding and polishing on the sample, and then carrying out first washing and drying to obtain the sample with a polished surface;
and placing the polished surface of the sample with the polished surface in the corrosive A, then placing the polished surface of the sample with the polished surface in the corrosive B, and then carrying out second washing and drying to obtain the metallographic sample.
Optionally, the time for placing the polishing surface of the sample with the polishing surface in the etchant A is 1s-2 s.
Optionally, the time for placing the polished surface of the sample with the polished surface in the corrosive agent B is 2s-3 s.
Optionally, the flushing fluid of the first flushing comprises absolute alcohol; the flushing liquid of the second flushing comprises water and a flushing agent, and the flushing agent is absolute alcohol or acetone.
One or more technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention have at least the following technical effects or advantages:
the quenching and tempering state galvanized carbon steel metallographic corrosive provided by the embodiment of the invention comprises a corrosive A and a corrosive B; the corrosive agent A comprises ferric chloride, boric acid and a first solvent, wherein 3-5g of ferric chloride is dissolved in each 100mL of the first solvent, and 0.5g of boric acid is dissolved in each 100mL of the first solvent; the corrosive agent B comprises a nitric acid solution, a hydrochloric acid solution and a second solvent, wherein the volume ratio of the nitric acid solution to the hydrochloric acid solution to the second solvent is (2-8): 1-5: 100, respectively; two corrosive agents are adopted to sequentially corrode the sample, the corrosive agent A and the ferric chloride are taken as strong corrosive agents to perform replacement reaction with the zinc coating on the edge of the metallographic ground surface, so that a Zn simple substance is changed into Zn2+And has no corrosion effect on the carbon steel substrate. The zinc coating is replaced by Fe simple substance, and the electrochemical potential of the Fe simple substance is basically consistent with that of the alloy matrix. Then using corrosive agent B, nitric acid in the corrosive agent B as strong corrosive agent and making it produce chemical reaction with base body and substituted Fe simple substance, said chemical reaction and non-coating carbon steel and corrosive agent BThe chemical reactions that occur are consistent. Thus, the effect of the coating on the metallographic corrosion is eliminated.
The foregoing description is only an overview of the technical solutions of the present invention, and the embodiments of the present invention are described below in order to make the technical means of the present invention more clearly understood and to make the above and other objects, features, and advantages of the present invention more clearly understandable.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments are briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to derive other drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a metallographic specimen preparation method provided by an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a microstructure of a metallographic specimen according to the invention as provided in example 1;
FIG. 3 is a microstructure of a metallographic specimen according to the invention as provided in example 1;
FIG. 4 is a microstructure of a metallographic specimen according to comparative example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a microstructure of a metallographic specimen according to comparative example 1 of the present invention, FIG. 2;
FIG. 6 is a microstructure of a metallographic specimen according to comparative example 2 of the present invention, FIG. 1;
fig. 7 is a microstructure of a metallographic specimen provided in comparative example 2 of the present invention, fig. 2.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments and examples, and the advantages and various effects of the present invention will be more clearly apparent therefrom. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that these specific embodiments and examples are for the purpose of illustrating the invention and are not to be construed as limiting the invention.
Throughout the specification, unless otherwise specifically noted, terms used herein should be understood as having meanings as commonly used in the art. Accordingly, unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. If there is a conflict, the present specification will control.
Unless otherwise specifically stated, various raw materials, reagents, instruments, equipment and the like used in the present invention are commercially available or can be prepared by existing methods.
In order to solve the technical problems, the general idea of the embodiment of the application is as follows:
according to an exemplary embodiment of the invention, the corrosive agent for the quenched and tempered galvanized carbon steel metallographic phase is characterized by comprising a corrosive agent A and a corrosive agent B;
the corrosive agent A comprises ferric chloride, boric acid and a first solvent, wherein 3-5g of ferric chloride is dissolved in each 100mL of the first solvent, and 0.5g of boric acid is dissolved in each 100mL of the first solvent;
the corrosive agent B comprises a nitric acid solution, a hydrochloric acid solution and a second solvent, wherein the volume ratio of the nitric acid solution to the hydrochloric acid solution to the second solvent is (2-8): 1-5: 100.
as an alternative embodiment, the first solvent is water; the mass fraction of the nitric acid solution is 60-70%; the mass fraction of the hydrochloric acid solution is 30-40%; the second solvent is absolute alcohol.
According to another exemplary embodiment of the invention, an application of the corrosive agent for the metallographic phase of the galvanized carbon steel in the quenched and tempered state is provided, which is characterized in that the application comprises the steps of applying the corrosive agent to the preparation of the metallographic phase sample of the galvanized carbon steel in the quenched and tempered state;
the corrosive agent comprises corrosive agent A and corrosive agent B;
the corrosive agent A comprises ferric chloride, boric acid and a first solvent, wherein 3-5g of ferric chloride is dissolved in each 100mL of the first solvent, and 0.5g of boric acid is dissolved in each 100mL of the first solvent;
the corrosive agent B comprises a nitric acid solution, a hydrochloric acid solution and a second solvent, wherein the volume ratio of the nitric acid solution to the hydrochloric acid solution to the second solvent is (2-8): 1-5: 100.
specifically, the metallographic structure of the quenched and tempered galvanized carbon steel is a tempered sorbite or a tempered troostite; the thickness of the zinc coating layer of the quenched and tempered zinc-plated carbon steel is 10-35 mu m; the base material of the quenched and tempered zinc-plated carbon steel comprises the following components in mass: c: 0.15-0.55%, Si is less than or equal to 1%, Mn: 1.0-2.0%, P is less than or equal to 0.05%, S is less than or equal to 0.05%, Cr: 0.2% -2.5%, Ni: 0.1% -4.5%, Mo: 0.2 to 0.6 percent of the total weight of the alloy, less than or equal to 0.6 percent of N, less than or equal to 0.3 percent of Cu, less than or equal to 1.5 percent of W, less than or equal to 0.5 percent of V, and the balance of Fe and other inevitable impurity elements.
In actual operation, the method comprises the following steps:
1. preparation of corrosive agents
1) Corrosive agent A: 3-5g of high ferric chloride solid, 0.5g of boric acid and 100ml of distilled water are sequentially added, uniformly stirred, and are used after all the solid is dissolved and is kept stand for 30 minutes.
2) Corrosive agent B: adding 2-8ml of 65% nitric acid solution, 1-5ml of 34% hydrochloric acid solution and 100ml of distilled water in sequence, stirring uniformly, and standing for 20 minutes for use.
3) The components of the two corrosive agents can be enlarged or reduced in equal proportion.
2. Preparation of metallographic specimen
Mechanically and coarsely grinding, finely grinding and polishing or electropolishing the sample by adopting a conventional metallographic preparation method until the surface of the sample has no defects such as scratches, pits, stains and the like, and washing and blow-drying the polished surface by using absolute alcohol for later use.
3. Metallographic corrosion
1) Using an etchant a: preparing a corrosive solution according to the weight ratio of ferric chloride g to boric acid g to distilled water ml being 3-5:1:100, standing for 30 minutes, putting the ground surface of the sample which is washed by absolute ethyl alcohol and dried by blowing into the corrosive solution for 1-2 seconds, and taking out quickly.
2) Using an etchant B: immediately putting the test just taken out of the corrosive liquid A into the corrosive agent B, corroding for 2S-3S, quickly taking out, washing the corroded surface by using a large amount of distilled water, washing the corroded surface by using absolute ethyl alcohol or acetone, and drying.
3) And observing by using an optical metallographic microscope after corrosion.
The metallic corrosive agent for the quenched and tempered galvanized carbon steel and the application thereof will be described in detail with reference to examples, comparative examples and experimental data.
Example 1
A metallographic corrosion method for quenched and tempered galvanized carbon steel comprises the following steps:
1. preparation of corrosive agents
1) Corrosive agent A: 3.5g of high ferric chloride solid, 0.5g of boric acid and 100ml of distilled water are sequentially added, stirred uniformly, and are used after all the solid is dissolved and kept stand for 30 minutes.
2) Corrosive agent B: 7ml of 65% nitric acid solution, 2.5ml of 34% hydrochloric acid solution and 100ml of distilled water are added in sequence, stirred uniformly and kept stand for 20 minutes for use.
3) The components of the two corrosive agents can be enlarged or reduced in equal proportion.
2. Preparation of metallographic specimen
And (3) adopting a conventional metallographic preparation method to mechanically and coarsely grind, finely grind and polish or electropolish the sample until the sample surface has no defects such as scratches, pits, stains and the like, washing with absolute alcohol and blow-drying the polished surface for later use, wherein the grade of the quenched and tempered galvanized carbon steel is 20Mn, and the thickness of the galvanized layer is 15 microns.
3. Metallographic corrosion
1) Using an etchant a: preparing a corrosive solution according to the weight ratio of ferric chloride g to boric acid g to distilled water ml being 5:1:100, standing for 30 minutes, putting the ground surface of the quenched and tempered zinc-plated carbon steel sample which is washed by absolute ethyl alcohol and dried by blowing into the corrosive solution for 2 seconds, and taking out quickly.
2) Using an etchant B: immediately putting the quenched and tempered galvanized carbon steel sample which is just taken out of the corrosive liquid A into the corrosive agent B, corroding for 2 seconds, quickly taking out, washing the corroded surface by using a large amount of distilled water, washing the corroded surface by using absolute ethyl alcohol or acetone, and drying.
3) And observing by using an optical metallographic microscope after corrosion.
Comparative example 1
A metallographic corrosion method for quenched and tempered galvanized carbon steel comprises the following steps:
1. corrosive agent: 4% Nitro alcohol solution
2. Preparation of metallographic specimen
And (3) adopting a conventional metallographic preparation method to mechanically and coarsely grind, finely grind and polish or electropolish the sample until the sample surface has no defects such as scratches, pits, stains and the like, washing with absolute alcohol and blow-drying the polished surface for later use, wherein the grade of the quenched and tempered galvanized carbon steel is 20Mn, and the thickness of the galvanized layer is 15 microns.
3. Metallographic corrosion
Putting the prepared quenched and tempered galvanized carbon steel sample into a 4% nitric acid alcohol solution, corroding for 3S, quickly taking out, washing the corroded surface by using a large amount of distilled water, washing the corroded surface by using anhydrous alcohol or acetone, and drying. And observing by using an optical metallographic microscope after corrosion.
Comparative example 2
A metallographic corrosion method for quenched and tempered galvanized carbon steel comprises the following steps:
1. corrosive agent: 4% Nitro alcohol solution
2. Preparation of metallographic specimen
And (3) adopting a conventional metallographic preparation method to mechanically and coarsely grind, finely grind and polish or electropolish the sample until the sample surface has no defects such as scratches, pits, stains and the like, washing with absolute alcohol and blow-drying the polished surface for later use, wherein the grade of the quenched and tempered galvanized carbon steel is 20Mn, and the thickness of the galvanized layer is 15 microns.
3. Metallographic corrosion
And putting the prepared quenched and tempered galvanized carbon steel sample into a 4% nitric acid alcohol solution, corroding for 10 seconds, quickly taking out, washing the corroded surface by using a large amount of distilled water, washing the corroded surface by using absolute ethyl alcohol or acetone, and drying. And observing by using an optical metallographic microscope after corrosion.
Detailed description of the drawings 2-7:
as shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, the microstructure of the quenched and tempered zinc-coated carbon steel in the example 1 was shown. As can be seen from the figure, the corrosion degree of the coating edge and the core structure of the matrix is basically consistent;
as shown in FIGS. 4 and 5, the microstructure of the quenched and tempered zinc-coated carbon steel in the example of comparative example 1 was shown. As can be seen from the figure, the corrosion of the coating edge is obviously shallow, the whitening phenomenon occurs, and the decarburization is easily judged according to the decarburization layer depth measuring method of the standard GB/T224-1008 steel. The core part is a tempered sorbite.
As shown in FIGS. 6 and 7, the microstructure of the quenched and tempered zinc-coated carbon steel in the example of comparative example 1 was shown. As can be seen, the matrix structure cannot be judged after the whole body is corroded.
One or more technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention at least have the following technical effects or advantages:
(1) the corrosive provided by the embodiment of the invention has simple preparation method and high corrosion efficiency, can eliminate the influence of a zinc coating on the corrosion of a nearby matrix, eliminates the decarburization false image nearby the coating and avoids the phenomenon of over-corrosion easily caused by long-time corrosion;
(2) the corrosive provided by the embodiment of the invention adopts two corrosive agents to corrode a sample successively, the corrosive A and ferric chloride as strong corrosive agents perform replacement reaction with a zinc coating on the edge of a metallographic ground surface, so that a Zn simple substance is changed into Zn2+And has no corrosion effect on the carbon steel substrate. The zinc coating is replaced by Fe simple substance, and the electrochemical potential of the Fe simple substance is basically consistent with that of the alloy matrix. Then, the corrosive agent B is used, nitric acid in the corrosive agent B is used as a strong corrosive agent, and the nitric acid and the base body and the replaced Fe simple substance can generate chemical reaction, and the chemical reaction is consistent with the chemical reaction generated by the carbon steel without the coating and the corrosive agent B. Thus, the effect of the coating on the metallographic corrosion is eliminated.
Finally, it should also be noted that the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.
While preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described, additional variations and modifications in those embodiments may occur to those skilled in the art once they learn of the basic inventive concepts. Therefore, it is intended that the appended claims be interpreted as including preferred embodiments and all such alterations and modifications as fall within the scope of the invention.
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made in the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Thus, if such modifications and variations of the present invention fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention and their equivalents, the present invention is also intended to include such modifications and variations.
Claims (10)
1. The metallographic corrosive agent for the quenched and tempered galvanized carbon steel is characterized by comprising a corrosive agent A and a corrosive agent B;
the corrosive agent A comprises ferric chloride, boric acid and a first solvent, wherein 3-5g of ferric chloride is dissolved in each 100mL of the first solvent, and 0.5g of boric acid is dissolved in each 100mL of the first solvent;
the corrosive agent B comprises a nitric acid solution, a hydrochloric acid solution and a second solvent, wherein the volume ratio of the nitric acid solution to the hydrochloric acid solution to the second solvent is (2-8): 1-5: 100.
2. the quenched and tempered zinc-plated carbon steel metallographic corrosive agent according to claim 1, wherein the first solvent is water; the mass fraction of the nitric acid solution is 60-70%; the mass fraction of the hydrochloric acid solution is 30-40%; the second solvent is absolute alcohol.
3. The application of the corrosive agent for the metallographic phase of the galvanized carbon steel in the quenched and tempered state is characterized in that the corrosive agent is applied to the preparation of the metallographic phase sample of the galvanized carbon steel in the quenched and tempered state;
the corrosive agent comprises corrosive agent A and corrosive agent B;
the corrosive agent A comprises ferric chloride, boric acid and a first solvent, wherein 3-5g of ferric chloride is dissolved in each 100mL of the first solvent, and 0.5g of boric acid is dissolved in each 100mL of the first solvent;
the corrosive agent B comprises a nitric acid solution, a hydrochloric acid solution and a second solvent, wherein the volume ratio of the nitric acid solution to the hydrochloric acid solution to the second solvent is (2-8): 1-5: 100.
4. the use of the metallographic corrosive agent for the quality zinc-coated carbon steel according to claim 3, wherein the metallographic structure of the quality zinc-coated carbon steel is tempered sorbite or tempered troostite.
5. The use of the metallographic corrosive agent for a quality zinc-coated carbon steel according to claim 3, wherein the zinc coating layer of said quality zinc-coated carbon steel has a thickness of 10 μm to 35 μm.
6. The use of the metallographic corrosive agent for a quality zinc-coated carbon steel according to claim 3, wherein the base material composition of said quality zinc-coated carbon steel comprises, by mass: c: 0.15-0.55%, Si is less than or equal to 1%, Mn: 1.0-2.0%, P is less than or equal to 0.05%, S is less than or equal to 0.05%, Cr: 0.2% -2.5%, Ni: 0.1% -4.5%, Mo: 0.2 to 0.6 percent of the total weight of the alloy, less than or equal to 0.6 percent of N, less than or equal to 0.3 percent of Cu, less than or equal to 1.5 percent of W, less than or equal to 0.5 percent of V, and the balance of Fe and other inevitable impurity elements.
7. The application of the metallographic corrosive agent for the texture zinc-plated carbon steel as claimed in claim 3, wherein the preparation of the metallographic specimen for the texture zinc-plated carbon steel specifically comprises the following steps:
obtaining a corrosive agent A and a corrosive agent B;
carrying out coarse grinding, fine grinding and polishing on the sample, and then carrying out first washing and drying to obtain the sample with a polished surface;
and placing the polished surface of the sample with the polished surface in the corrosive A, then placing the polished surface of the sample with the polished surface in the corrosive B, and then carrying out second washing and drying to obtain the metallographic sample.
8. The use of the corrosive agent for metallographic etching of a mass-state zinc-coated carbon steel according to claim 7, wherein said time for placing the polished surface of said sample with polished surface in said corrosive agent A is 1s-2 s.
9. The use of the corrosive agent for metallographic etching of a mass-state zinc-coated carbon steel according to claim 7, wherein said time for placing the polished surface of said sample with polished surface in said corrosive agent B is 2s to 3 s.
10. The use of the metallographic etchant for a mass galvanized carbon steel according to claim 7 wherein the rinse solution for the first rinse comprises absolute alcohol; the flushing liquid of the second flushing comprises water and a flushing agent, and the flushing agent is absolute alcohol or acetone.
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