CN113913817A - Wire laser cladding auxiliary device and wire laser cladding method - Google Patents
Wire laser cladding auxiliary device and wire laser cladding method Download PDFInfo
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- CN113913817A CN113913817A CN202111227926.0A CN202111227926A CN113913817A CN 113913817 A CN113913817 A CN 113913817A CN 202111227926 A CN202111227926 A CN 202111227926A CN 113913817 A CN113913817 A CN 113913817A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C26/00—Coating not provided for in groups C23C2/00 - C23C24/00
- C23C26/02—Coating not provided for in groups C23C2/00 - C23C24/00 applying molten material to the substrate
Abstract
The invention provides a wire laser cladding auxiliary device and a wire laser cladding method, and relates to the technical field of laser beam processing of high-end equipment manufacturing, wherein the laser cladding auxiliary device comprises an ultrasonic generator, an ultrasonic transducer, an ultrasonic amplitude transformer and a focused ultrasonic radiator; the focusing ultrasonic radiator comprises a body and a body connecting part, wherein a focusing ultrasonic radiation surface is formed on one surface of the body opposite to the body connecting part; the body connecting part is fixedly connected with the ultrasonic amplitude transformer, the ultrasonic amplitude transformer is fixedly connected with the ultrasonic transducer, and the power line of the ultrasonic transducer is connected with the ultrasonic generator. The wire laser cladding method applies the wire laser cladding auxiliary device. The invention achieves the beneficial effects of refining the material structure of the cladding layer, reducing the porosity of the cladding layer, reducing the microcrack and cracking tendency of the cladding layer, reducing the residual stress of the cladding layer, increasing the uniformity of the structure transition between the base metal and the cladding layer, and greatly reducing the surface roughness of the cladding layer, thereby obviously improving the quality of the cladding layer.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of laser beam processing of high-end equipment manufacturing, in particular to a wire laser cladding auxiliary device and a wire laser cladding method.
Background
The laser cladding technology is a multidisciplinary cross margin discipline technology which integrates laser technology, material surface modification technology, sensing technology, computer technology and information and intelligence, belongs to the field of high-end equipment manufacturing, and is also one of core technologies related to manufacturing in the development strategy of China manufacturing 2025. The laser cladding technology is an advanced manufacturing technology which is compatible with material increase manufacturing, 3D printing, laser stereo forming, laser direct writing technology and material increase remanufacturing and is a modern and future manufacturing technology oriented to the industrial fields of aerospace, ferrous metallurgy, electric energy, mining machinery, precise instruments, embedded sensors, medical instruments, weaponry and the like. The wear-resistant, corrosion-resistant and functional coating formed on the surface of the part is a typical application of a laser cladding technology, and compared with other coating technologies, the coating has the advantages of energy conservation, material conservation, high efficiency, low emission and the like. After decades of research and development, especially the continuous maturation of high-energy laser equipment, the laser cladding technology has already passed through a laboratory technology and gradually started to scale industrial application and application expansion. In the laser cladding technology, besides high-power laser equipment serving as a core heat source, the development of material parameters, process parameters, auxiliary physical fields, auxiliary tools and other technologies are also key factors for restricting the quality of products. On the basis of research and application of laser heat sources and material process parameters, the multi-physical field composite laser cladding technology based on multiple auxiliary physical fields is one of the future key development directions of energy-saving, material-saving and environment-friendly laser cladding technology, and the development of the composite technology and the automation and intelligent technology can promote the laser cladding technology to further become a core technology for manufacturing high-end equipment. The invention is based on the idea that focused ultrasonic radiation is introduced into the laser cladding technology to further improve the quality of the laser cladding layer.
According to the traditional wire laser cladding, a metal wire, a composite material wire or a powder core wire is used as a cladding material, a high-energy laser beam is used as a heat source, and the wire and the surface layer of a substrate of a workpiece to be clad are simultaneously melted and solidified according to a set deposition path, so that a cladding layer is formed on the surface of the workpiece to be clad.
The traditional wire laser cladding technology is characterized in that wire molten drops melted by laser beams naturally fall into a molten pool of a substrate of a workpiece to be clad under the action of gravity and/or atmosphere, and are cooled and solidified to form a cladding layer. The wire laser cladding method at least has the following defects: the size of the molten drop of the wire molten by the laser beam is larger, so that the formed cladding layer material has a large structure, is easy to form air holes, is easy to form micro cracks or cracks, has larger residual stress of the cladding layer, has large surface roughness of the cladding layer and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a wire laser cladding auxiliary device and a wire laser cladding method, which are used for refining the structure of a cladding layer material, reducing the porosity of a cladding layer, reducing the microcrack and cracking tendency of the cladding layer, reducing the residual stress of the cladding layer, increasing the uniformity of the tissue transition between a base material and the cladding layer, and greatly reducing the surface roughness of the cladding layer, thereby obviously improving the quality of the cladding layer.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the embodiment of the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
in a first aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a wire laser cladding auxiliary device, including an ultrasonic generator, an ultrasonic transducer, an ultrasonic horn and a focused ultrasonic radiator;
the focusing ultrasonic radiator comprises a body and a body connecting part connected with the body, and a focusing ultrasonic radiation surface is formed on one surface of the body opposite to the body connecting part;
the body connecting part is fixedly connected with the output end of the ultrasonic amplitude transformer, the input end of the ultrasonic amplitude transformer is fixedly connected with the output end of the ultrasonic transducer, and the input end of the ultrasonic transducer is connected with the ultrasonic generator through a power line.
In an alternative embodiment, the focused ultrasound radiation surface is formed as an arc-shaped surface recessed toward the body connection portion.
In an alternative embodiment, the focused ultrasound radiation surface is formed as a plane.
In an alternative embodiment, the focused ultrasound radiation surface is formed as a stepped surface.
In an alternative embodiment, the focused ultrasound radiation surface is formed as a corrugated surface.
In an alternative embodiment, the ultrasonic resonance frequency of the ultrasonic transducer is 15kHz to 40 kHz.
In an alternative embodiment, the ultrasonic vibration amplitude of the output end of the ultrasonic horn is 10 μm to 40 μm.
In a second aspect, embodiments of the present invention provide a wire laser cladding method using the wire laser cladding auxiliary device of any one of the preceding embodiments; the wire laser cladding method comprises the following steps:
and (3) aligning: aligning a laser beam light outlet of a laser to the surface of a workpiece to be clad; aligning a cladding end, which is close to a molten pool on the surface of a workpiece to be clad, of a cladding wire material sent out from a wire feeding mechanism with the molten pool; adjusting the position of a shell of the ultrasonic transducer through the ultrasonic transducer connecting handle to enable a focused ultrasonic radiation surface of a body of the focused ultrasonic radiator to be aligned with a molten pool and a melt of a cladding wire material;
and cladding: connecting an ultrasonic generator with a power frequency alternating current power supply, turning on the ultrasonic generator and adjusting the amplitude to be a set value; after the focused ultrasonic radiator vibrates stably, the laser, the wire feeding mechanism and the driving transmission assembly connected with the shell of the ultrasonic transducer are started, so that the laser, the wire feeding mechanism and the body of the focused ultrasonic radiator synchronously move according to a preset path to carry out laser cladding operation, and a cladding layer is formed on the surface of a clad workpiece.
In an optional embodiment, the aligning step further includes:
an included angle between the ultrasonic amplitude transformer and the current cladding point outer normal line on the surface of the workpiece to be clad is alpha, and alpha is more than or equal to 0 degree and less than or equal to 70 degrees;
and/or the distance between the lowest point of the focused ultrasonic radiation surface of the body of the focused ultrasonic radiator and the cladding point on the surface of the workpiece to be clad is h, and h is more than or equal to 5mm and less than or equal to 50 mm;
and/or an included angle beta is formed between a laser beam emitted by the laser and the current outer normal line of the cladding point on the surface of the workpiece to be clad, and beta is more than or equal to 0 degree and less than or equal to 60 degrees;
and/or the included angle theta between the axis of the cladding end of the cladding wire material and the tangent plane at the current cladding point on the surface of the workpiece to be clad is equal to or larger than 0 degree and equal to or smaller than 65 degrees;
in this alternative embodiment, "and/or" means that the above-mentioned four parameters of "0. ltoreq. alpha. ltoreq.70 degrees", "5 mm. ltoreq. h.ltoreq.50 mm", "0. ltoreq. beta. ltoreq.60 degrees", and "0. ltoreq. theta. ltoreq.65 degrees" satisfy the corresponding ranges either simultaneously or in combination of two or arbitrary three or more.
In an alternative embodiment, the wire feeder used in the aligning step comprises a wire feeding wheel and a wire feeding head; and the wire feeding head is provided with a wire feeding hole or a wire feeding hook, and the cladding wire is conveyed to the wire feeding hole or the wire feeding hook on the wire feeding head by the wire feeding wheel and conveyed to the laser beam.
The embodiment of the invention can realize the following beneficial effects:
in a first aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a wire laser cladding auxiliary device, which includes an ultrasonic generator, an ultrasonic transducer, an ultrasonic horn, and a focused ultrasonic radiator. Specifically, the focusing ultrasonic radiator comprises a body and a body connecting part connected with the body, wherein a focusing ultrasonic radiation surface is formed on one surface of the body opposite to the body connecting part; the body connecting part is fixedly connected to the output end of the ultrasonic amplitude transformer, the input end of the ultrasonic amplitude transformer is fixedly connected to the output end of the ultrasonic transducer, and the input end of the ultrasonic transducer is connected to the ultrasonic generator through a power line.
The wire laser cladding auxiliary device provided by the embodiment of the invention is adopted to carry out wire laser cladding operation, an ultrasonic transducer irradiates a melt melted by a laser beam through focused ultrasonic waves emitted by a focused ultrasonic radiator, so that the melt is sheared and peeled off from a wire end under the driving of the sound pressure of the focused ultrasonic waves to form a refined molten drop, and the focused ultrasonic waves simultaneously act on a molten pool and the surface of the flattened molten drop to make the melt in the molten pool generate ultrasonic vibration. Therefore, the beneficial effects of refining the structure of the cladding layer material, reducing the porosity of the cladding layer, reducing the microcrack and cracking tendency of the cladding layer, reducing the residual stress of the cladding layer, increasing the uniformity of the structure transition between the base metal and the cladding layer, and greatly reducing the surface roughness of the cladding layer can be achieved, thereby obviously improving the quality of the cladding layer.
In addition, a second aspect of the embodiments of the present invention further provides a wire laser cladding method, which applies the wire laser cladding auxiliary device provided in the first aspect; its functional effect that can reach includes the functional effect that silk material laser cladding auxiliary device that above-mentioned first aspect provided can reach.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings can be obtained by those skilled in the art without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of an overall structure of a wire laser cladding auxiliary device provided in an embodiment of the present invention in a state of cooperating with a laser and a wire feeder to clad a workpiece to be clad;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the working principle of a focused ultrasonic irradiation droplet and a molten pool of the auxiliary device for wire laser cladding provided by the embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a first alternative structure of a focused ultrasound radiation surface of a focused ultrasound radiator in the auxiliary device for wire laser cladding provided by the embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a second alternative structure of a focused ultrasound radiation surface of a focused ultrasound radiator in the auxiliary device for wire laser cladding provided by the embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a third alternative structure of a focused ultrasound radiation surface of a focused ultrasound radiator in the auxiliary device for wire laser cladding provided in the embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a fourth alternative structural diagram of a focused ultrasound radiation surface of a focused ultrasound radiator in the auxiliary device for wire laser cladding provided by the embodiment of the invention.
Icon: 1-a workpiece to be clad; 2-cladding the wire material; 3-a molten pool; 4-molten dripping; 5-a laser beam; 6-a laser; 7-a focused ultrasound radiator; 8-ultrasonic amplitude transformer; 9-an ultrasonic transducer; 10-focused ultrasound; 11-flattening the droplet; 12-a filament feeding head; 13-cladding layer; 14-a wire feeding wheel; 15-power supply line; 16-an ultrasonic generator; 17-an ultrasound transducer connection stem; 18-focused ultrasound radiation surface.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the present invention. The components of embodiments of the present invention generally described and illustrated in the figures herein may be arranged and designed in a wide variety of different configurations.
Thus, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention, presented in the figures, is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, as claimed, but is merely representative of selected embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
It should be noted that: like reference numbers and letters refer to like items in the following figures, and thus, once an item is defined in one figure, it need not be further defined and explained in subsequent figures.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "upper", "lower", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings or orientations or positional relationships conventionally laid out when products of the present invention are used, and are only for convenience of description and simplicity of description, and do not indicate or imply that the referred devices or elements must have a specific orientation, be constructed in a specific orientation, and be operated, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and the like are used merely to distinguish one description from another, and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
Furthermore, the terms "horizontal", "vertical" and the like do not imply that the components are required to be absolutely horizontal or pendant, but rather may be slightly inclined. For example, "horizontal" merely means that the direction is more horizontal than "vertical" and does not mean that the structure must be perfectly horizontal, but may be slightly inclined.
In the description of the present invention, it should also be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "disposed," "mounted," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, e.g., as meaning fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in specific cases to those skilled in the art.
Some embodiments of the invention are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The embodiments described below and the features of the embodiments can be combined with each other without conflict.
Example one
The present embodiment provides a wire laser cladding auxiliary device, and referring to fig. 1 and 2, the wire laser cladding auxiliary device includes an ultrasonic generator 16, an ultrasonic transducer 9, an ultrasonic horn 8, and a focused ultrasonic radiator 7. Specifically, the focusing ultrasonic radiator 7 comprises a body and a body connecting part connected with the body, wherein a focusing ultrasonic radiation surface 18 is formed on one surface of the body opposite to the body connecting part; the body connecting part is fixedly connected with the output end of the ultrasonic amplitude transformer 8, the input end of the ultrasonic amplitude transformer 8 is fixedly connected with the output end of the ultrasonic transducer 9, and the input end of the ultrasonic transducer 9 is connected with the ultrasonic generator 16 through a power line 15.
In this embodiment, the focused ultrasound radiation surface 18 of the focused ultrasound radiator 7 has various alternative forms, for example, but not limited to, as shown in fig. 3, the focused ultrasound radiation surface 18 is formed as an arc surface which is concave toward the body connecting portion, the arc surface may be a spherical surface, a paraboloid surface, or the like, or, as shown in fig. 4, the focused ultrasound radiation surface 18 is formed as a plane surface, or, as shown in fig. 5, the focused ultrasound radiation surface 18 is formed as a step surface, or, as shown in fig. 6, the focused ultrasound radiation surface 18 is formed as a corrugated surface, and the outer contour of the focused ultrasound radiation surface 18 is preferably spherical or horn-shaped.
When the auxiliary device for laser cladding of the wire provided by the embodiment is used:
referring to fig. 1, a laser beam 5 light outlet of a laser 6 is aligned to the upper surface of a workpiece 1 to be clad; aligning the cladding end of a cladding wire 2 sent out from a wire feeding mechanism, which is close to a molten pool 3 on the surface of a workpiece 1 to be clad, with the molten pool 3; the shell position of the ultrasonic transducer 9 is adjusted through the ultrasonic transducer connecting handle 17, so that the focused ultrasonic radiation surface 18 of the body of the focused ultrasonic radiator 7 is aligned with the melt at the cladding end of the molten pool 3 and the cladding wire material 2; connecting an ultrasonic generator 16 with a power frequency alternating current power supply, turning on the ultrasonic generator 16 and adjusting the amplitude to a set value, wherein an ultrasonic transducer 9 generates same-frequency ultrasonic vibration under the excitation of the ultrasonic generator 16, and pushes a focusing ultrasonic radiator 7 to generate same-frequency ultrasonic vibration after amplitude amplification is carried out by an ultrasonic amplitude transformer 8, so that a focusing ultrasonic radiation surface 18 generates high-power focusing ultrasonic waves 10; after the focused ultrasonic radiator 7 vibrates stably, the laser 6, the wire feeding mechanism and a driving transmission component connected with a shell of the ultrasonic transducer 9, such as a mechanical arm or other driving transmission components, are started, so that the bodies of the laser 6, the wire feeding mechanism and the focused ultrasonic radiator 7 synchronously move according to a preset path to carry out laser cladding operation, and the focused ultrasonic radiator 7 carries out ultrasonic radiation on the surfaces of the molten drop 4, the molten pool 3 and the flattened molten drop 11, thereby continuously improving the quality of the wire laser cladding layer 13.
Preferably, the laser 6, the wire feeding mechanism and the driving transmission assembly connected with the housing of the ultrasonic transducer 9 are connected through a linkage mechanism and move synchronously; as shown in fig. 1, an ultrasonic transducer connecting handle 17 is connected to a housing of the ultrasonic transducer, and the ultrasonic transducer 9 connecting plate is connected to a transmission mechanism such as a mechanical arm, so that the ultrasonic radiator, the laser 6 and the wire feeding mechanism are linked to work, and the ultrasonic radiator is matched with the laser 6 and the wire feeding mechanism to continuously and synchronously radiate the surfaces of the molten drop 4, the molten pool 3 and the flattened molten drop 11.
Referring to fig. 1 and 2, the wire laser cladding auxiliary device provided by the embodiment of the invention is used for wire laser cladding operation, and can be used for exciting an ultrasonic radiator with the same frequency by an ultrasonic transducer 9 and an ultrasonic amplitude transformer 8 to generate high-power focused ultrasonic waves 10 on the basis of traditional wire laser cladding, and carrying out ultrasonic radiation on end melt of a cladding wire 2 and a molten pool 3 melted by a laser beam 5. Under the sound pressure driving of the focused ultrasonic wave 10, the melt is sheared and peeled from the end part of the wire to form refined molten drops 4, and the material structure of the cladding layer 13 can be refined and the surface roughness of the cladding layer 13 can be greatly reduced due to the refinement or atomization of the molten drops 4; meanwhile, under the driving of the sound pressure of the focused ultrasonic wave 10, the melt in the molten pool 3 forms micro-amplitude ultrasonic vibration to generate acoustic current, mechanical stirring, ultrasonic cavitation and thermal action, so that the solidification process of the melt is modulated by the ultrasonic wave to interfere the growth of dendrites, increase the exhaust action and homogenize the tissue transition between the base material of the fused workpiece 1 and the cladding layer 13, thereby being beneficial to reducing the porosity of the cladding layer 13, reducing the microcrack and cracking tendency of the cladding layer 13, reducing the residual stress of the cladding layer 13 and increasing the uniformity of the tissue transition between the base material and the cladding layer 13, and further achieving the purpose of improving the quality of the wire laser cladding layer 13.
In conclusion, the wire laser cladding auxiliary device provided by the embodiment is adopted to carry out wire laser cladding operation, so that the beneficial effects of refining the structure of the cladding layer material, reducing the porosity of the cladding layer, reducing the microcrack and cracking tendency of the cladding layer, reducing the residual stress of the cladding layer, increasing the uniformity of the structure transition between the base metal and the cladding layer, and greatly reducing the surface roughness of the cladding layer can be achieved, and the quality of the cladding layer is obviously improved; the embodiment can be particularly applied to the fields of additive manufacturing, remanufacturing, 3D printing and the like.
In an optional implementation manner of this embodiment, it is preferable, but not limited to, that the ultrasonic resonant frequency of the used ultrasonic transducer 9 is 15kHz to 40kHz, and may be adjusted according to specific applications to optimize the cladding process; in an optional embodiment of this embodiment, preferably, but not limited to, the amplitude of the ultrasonic vibration at the output end of the ultrasonic horn 8 is 10 μm to 40 μm, and may be set by adjusting the output current of the ultrasonic generator 16 according to a specific application, so as to optimize the cladding process.
Example two
The embodiment provides a wire laser cladding method, which applies the wire laser cladding auxiliary device provided by any one of the optional embodiments in the embodiment.
The wire laser cladding method comprises a contraposition step and a cladding step.
Specifically, the alignment step includes: aligning a light outlet of a laser beam 5 of a laser 6 to the surface of a workpiece 1 to be clad; aligning the cladding end of a cladding wire 2 sent out from a wire feeding mechanism, which is close to a molten pool 3 on the surface of a workpiece 1 to be clad, with the molten pool 3; the shell position of the ultrasonic transducer 9 is adjusted through the ultrasonic transducer connecting handle 17, so that the focused ultrasonic radiation surface 18 of the body of the focused ultrasonic radiator 7 is aligned with the molten pool 3 and the melt at the cladding end of the cladding wire material 2.
The cladding step comprises: connecting an ultrasonic generator 16 with a power frequency alternating current power supply, turning on the ultrasonic generator 16 and adjusting the amplitude to be a set value; after the focused ultrasonic radiator 7 vibrates stably, the laser 6, the wire feeding mechanism and the driving transmission assembly connected with the shell of the ultrasonic transducer 9 are started, so that the bodies of the laser 6, the wire feeding mechanism and the focused ultrasonic radiator 7 perform laser cladding operation according to a preset path, and a cladding layer 13 is formed on the surface of the clad workpiece 1, preferably, the laser 6, the wire feeding mechanism and the driving transmission assembly connected with the shell of the ultrasonic transducer 9 are connected through a linkage mechanism to enable the three to move synchronously.
The effect which can be achieved by the wire laser cladding method provided by the embodiment can be obtained by referring to the effect which can be achieved by the embodiment I.
In this embodiment, before cladding the workpiece 1 to be clad, if the surface of the workpiece 1 to be clad is not clean, the surface of the workpiece 1 to be clad needs to be subjected to degreasing and derusting pretreatment to form a clean surface of the workpiece 1 to be clad, and then cladding operation is performed.
In an optional implementation manner of this embodiment, referring to fig. 1, the aligning step further includes: an included angle between the ultrasonic amplitude transformer 8 and the current cladding point outer normal line of the surface of the workpiece 1 to be clad is alpha, alpha is more than or equal to 0 degree and less than or equal to 70 degrees, and ultrasonic waves are focused on a melt pool 3 and a melt and a molten drop 4 at the cladding end of the cladding wire 2 and a flattened molten drop 11 by adjusting the included angle alpha according to specific application so as to optimize the cladding process.
In an optional implementation manner of this embodiment, the aligning step further includes: referring to fig. 2, the distance between the lowest point of the focused ultrasonic radiation surface 18 of the body of the focused ultrasonic radiator 7 and the cladding point on the surface of the clad workpiece 1 is h, and h is more than or equal to 5mm and less than or equal to 50mm, and ultrasonic waves can be focused on a molten pool 3, a melt and a molten drop 4 at the cladding end of the clad wire 2 and a flattened molten drop 11 by adjusting the distance h according to specific application so as to optimize the cladding process.
In an optional implementation manner of this embodiment, referring to fig. 1, the aligning step further includes: an included angle beta between a laser beam 5 emitted by a laser 6 and the current outer normal line of a cladding point on the surface of a workpiece 1 to be clad meets the requirement that the included angle beta is more than or equal to 0 degree and less than or equal to 60 degrees, a cladding process can be optimized by adjusting the included angle beta according to specific application, and meanwhile, the laser beam 5 is ensured not to interfere with an ultrasonic amplitude transformer 8 and a focusing ultrasonic radiator 7.
In an optional implementation manner of this embodiment, referring to fig. 1, the aligning step further includes: an included angle between the axis of the cladding end of the cladding wire material 2 and the tangent plane at the current cladding point on the surface of the workpiece 1 to be clad is theta, theta is more than or equal to 0 degree and less than or equal to 65 degrees, and optimization and adjustment can be carried out according to specific application.
In an alternative embodiment of this embodiment, preferably, referring to fig. 1, the wire feeding mechanism used in the alignment step includes a wire feeding wheel 14 and a wire feeding head 12; the wire feeding head 12 is provided with a wire feeding hole or a wire feeding hook, the cladding wire 2 is conveyed to the wire feeding hole or the wire feeding hook on the wire feeding head 12 by the wire feeding wheel 14 and conveyed to the laser beam 5, and the wire feeding head 12 is arranged to ensure stable wire feeding and directional wire feeding, which is beneficial to improving the cladding effect.
The method for laser cladding the wire material provided by the embodiment to clad the cladding layer formed on the workpiece proves to be significantly improved compared with the prior art, and the effect of the embodiment on improving the quality of the laser cladding layer of the wire material is further described in a specific application manner, but it should be understood that the specific application manner of the embodiment is not limited to the following application manner:
an abrasion-resistant layer with the thickness of 0.8mm is cladded on the upper surface of a 45 steel part with the size of 100 x 3000 x 50mm3, and the wire is a 20Cr13 abrasion-resistant wire with the diameter of phi 1.2 mm; the material of the used focusing ultrasonic radiator 7 is tool steel, the focusing ultrasonic radiation surface 18 is an arc surface, and the maximum excircle diameter phi of the focusing ultrasonic radiation surface 18 is 20 mm; an included angle alpha between the axis of the ultrasonic amplitude transformer 8 and the outer normal of the current cladding point on the surface of the workpiece 1 to be clad is 40 degrees, and the distance h between the lowest point of the outer circle of the focused ultrasonic radiation surface 18 and the cladding point on the surface of the workpiece 1 to be clad is 25 mm; the frequency of the ultrasonic transducer is 20kHz, the ultrasonic amplitude transformer 8 is a step type composite amplitude transformer, the diameter of the output end of the amplitude transformer is phi 6mm, the power of the ultrasonic generator is 16W, and the output amplitude of the optimized amplitude transformer is 35 mu m; the laser 6 is an optical fiber output semiconductor laser 6, the laser power is 4000 watts, the maximum laser wavelength is 1064nm, and the diameter of a light spot on the surface of the clad workpiece 1 is phi 3 mm; an included angle beta between the laser beam 5 and the current cladding point outer normal line of the surface of the workpiece 1 to be clad is 15 degrees; an included angle theta between the axis of the cladding end of the cladding wire material 2 and the tangent plane at the current cladding point on the surface of the workpiece 1 to be cladded is 40 degrees; the wire feeding speed is 5mm/s, the cladding linear speed is 50mm/s, and the overlapping rate of the cladding spiral path is 60%.
Through the sample preparation of the cladding layer, the observation and analysis of a section scanning electron microscope and the EDS energy spectrum analysis, the dilution rate of the cladding layer is less than 1.8 percent, the depth of a heat affected zone is about 0.3mm, the cladding layer and a base material are excessively uniform, and the porosity is about 0.35 percent. The cladding layer is free of macroscopic cracking and microcracking. The residual stress on the surface of the cladding layer is measured by an XRD residual stress measuring method, and the average value of 5 measuring points is 97.6 MPa. The surface roughness of the laser cladding layer of the traditional wire material under the same parameters is obviously reduced through visual observation, and the surface roughness of the cladding layer measured by a roughness measuring instrument is Ra3.8 mu m.
Finally, it should be noted that: the embodiments in the present description are all described in a progressive manner, each embodiment focuses on the differences from the other embodiments, and the same and similar parts among the embodiments can be referred to each other; the above embodiments in the present specification are only used for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention, and not for limiting the same; while the invention has been described in detail and with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some or all of the technical features may be equivalently replaced; and the modifications or the substitutions do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions depart from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A wire laser cladding auxiliary device is characterized by comprising an ultrasonic generator (16), an ultrasonic transducer (9), an ultrasonic amplitude transformer (8) and a focusing ultrasonic radiator (7);
the focusing ultrasonic radiator (7) comprises a body and a body connecting part connected with the body, and a focusing ultrasonic radiation surface (18) is formed on one surface of the body opposite to the body connecting part;
the body connecting part is fixedly connected to the output end of the ultrasonic amplitude transformer (8), the input end of the ultrasonic amplitude transformer (8) is fixedly connected to the output end of the ultrasonic transducer (9), and the input end of the ultrasonic transducer (9) is connected to the ultrasonic generator (16) through a power line (15).
2. The wire laser cladding auxiliary device according to claim 1, wherein the focused ultrasonic radiation face (18) is formed as an arc-shaped face recessed toward the body connecting portion.
3. The wire laser cladding assistance device of claim 1, wherein the focused ultrasound radiation face (18) is formed as a plane.
4. The wire laser cladding assistance device of claim 1, wherein the focused ultrasound radiation face (18) is formed as a stepped face.
5. The wire laser cladding auxiliary device according to claim 1, wherein the focused ultrasound radiating surface (18) is formed as a corrugated curved surface.
6. The wire laser cladding auxiliary device according to claim 1, wherein the ultrasonic resonance frequency of the ultrasonic transducer (9) is 15 kHz-40 kHz.
7. The wire laser cladding auxiliary device of claim 1, wherein the ultrasonic vibration amplitude of the output end of the ultrasonic horn (8) is 10 μm to 40 μm.
8. A wire laser cladding method, characterized in that the wire laser cladding auxiliary device of any one of claims 1 to 7 is applied; the wire laser cladding method comprises the following steps:
and (3) aligning: aligning a laser beam (5) light outlet of a laser (6) to the surface of a workpiece (1) to be clad; aiming a cladding end, close to a molten pool (3) on the surface of a workpiece (1) to be clad, of a cladding wire (2) sent out from a wire feeding mechanism at the molten pool (3); the shell position of the ultrasonic transducer (9) is adjusted through the ultrasonic transducer connecting handle (17), so that the focused ultrasonic radiation surface (18) of the body of the focused ultrasonic radiator (7) is aligned to a molten pool (3) and a melt at the cladding end of the cladding wire material (2);
and cladding: connecting an ultrasonic generator (16) with a power frequency alternating current power supply, turning on the ultrasonic generator (16) and adjusting the amplitude of the ultrasonic generator (16) to a set value; after the focused ultrasonic radiator (7) vibrates stably, the laser (6), the wire feeding mechanism and the driving transmission assembly connected with the shell of the ultrasonic transducer (9) are started, so that the bodies of the laser (6), the wire feeding mechanism and the focused ultrasonic radiator (7) synchronously move according to a preset path to carry out laser cladding operation, and a cladding layer (13) is formed on the surface of the clad workpiece (1).
9. The wire laser cladding method according to claim 8, wherein the aligning step further comprises:
an included angle between the ultrasonic amplitude transformer (8) and the current cladding point outer normal line on the surface of the workpiece (1) to be clad is alpha, and alpha is more than or equal to 0 degree and less than or equal to 70 degrees;
and/or the distance between the lowest point of the focusing ultrasonic radiation surface (18) of the body of the focusing ultrasonic radiator (7) and the surface cladding point of the clad workpiece (1) is h, and h is more than or equal to 5mm and less than or equal to 50 mm;
and/or an included angle beta is formed between a laser beam (5) emitted by the laser (6) and the current outer normal line of the cladding point on the surface of the workpiece (1) to be clad, and beta is more than or equal to 0 degree and less than or equal to 60 degrees;
and/or an included angle theta between the axis of the cladding end of the cladding wire material (2) and the tangent plane at the current cladding point on the surface of the workpiece (1) to be clad is equal to or larger than 0 degree and equal to or smaller than 65 degrees.
10. The wire laser cladding method according to claim 8, wherein the wire feeder used in the aligning step includes a wire feeding wheel (14) and a wire feeding head (12); the wire feeding head (12) is provided with a wire feeding hole or a wire feeding hook, and the cladding wire (2) is conveyed to the wire feeding hole or the wire feeding hook on the wire feeding head (12) by the wire feeding wheel (14) and conveyed to the laser beam (5).
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