CN113913654A - Preparation method of 6-series aluminum plate for battery pack lower shell of electric automobile - Google Patents
Preparation method of 6-series aluminum plate for battery pack lower shell of electric automobile Download PDFInfo
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
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- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
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- C21D8/02—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
- C21D8/0221—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips characterised by the working steps
- C21D8/0226—Hot rolling
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- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/02—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
- C21D8/0221—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips characterised by the working steps
- C21D8/0236—Cold rolling
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/02—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
- C21D8/0247—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips characterised by the heat treatment
- C21D8/0268—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips characterised by the heat treatment between cold rolling steps
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- C22C1/02—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
- C22C1/026—Alloys based on aluminium
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- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/002—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working by rapid cooling or quenching; cooling agents used therefor
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/04—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
- C22F1/047—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon of alloys with magnesium as the next major constituent
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
- H01M50/218—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders characterised by the material
- H01M50/22—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders characterised by the material of the casings or racks
- H01M50/222—Inorganic material
- H01M50/224—Metals
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
- H01M50/244—Secondary casings; Racks; Suspension devices; Carrying devices; Holders characterised by their mounting method
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
- H01M50/249—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders specially adapted for aircraft or vehicles, e.g. cars or trains
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
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Abstract
The invention provides a preparation method of a 6-series aluminum alloy plate for a battery pack lower shell of an electric automobile, which comprises the following preparation processes: carrying out casting, surface milling, homogenization heat treatment, hot rolling, cold rolling, solution quenching, cold rolling, stretching and straightening, transverse cutting and artificial aging according to the determined chemical components to obtain an aluminum alloy plate; the method comprises the steps of firstly, reasonably optimizing the Mg/Si ratio and the Cu content in alloy components and adopting a high-temperature solid solution mode, then combining the deformation strengthening of plastic deformation with the phase change strengthening after solid solution quenching treatment, rolling at a processing rate of 8-10% after quenching, then stretching by 1.2-1.5%, and finally adopting an artificial aging treatment process at 160 +/-3 ℃ for 15 hours to enable the 6-series aluminum alloy battery pack lower shell to achieve comprehensive performances of high strength, low residual stress and good corrosion resistance; the problem that the common 6-series aluminum alloy plate prepared by the existing processing technology is low in strength, poor in corrosion resistance and large in residual stress and cannot meet the requirements of customers on the lower shell of the battery pack is solved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of aluminum alloy processing, and particularly relates to a preparation method of a 6-series aluminum plate for a battery pack lower shell of an electric automobile.
Background
At present, the pure electric vehicles (mainly taxis) in developed areas in China realize the quick replacement of battery packs, the vehicle owner can quickly replace the undercharged battery packs in a few minutes at the replacement point, and the replaced battery packs are recharged and then continuously put into use. The battery pack of the pure electric vehicle is replaced quickly and recycled, so that higher requirements are provided for the protection grade of the electric vehicle, the battery pack and a vehicle body bottom plate of the vehicle are integrated, the traditional vehicle body concept is changed, the lower shell of the battery pack becomes a part of the vehicle body, namely, the lower shell of the battery pack directly forms the vehicle body bottom plate, and the strength, the rigidity and the collision safety of the whole vehicle are greatly influenced.
The battery pack lower shell is the most main component of the battery pack shell, statistical data of China automobile industry Association show that the holding capacity of new energy vehicles mainly including pure electric vehicles is rapidly increased in recent 6 years, the delivery volume of battery pack shell suppliers is rapidly increased, and early lower shell manufacturing is mainly formed by performing stamping forming on low-carbon steel or high-strength steel and then performing tailor welding, but the lower shell is not in line with the long-distance aim of light weight. The lightweight target of the current battery pack shell material is to use aluminum alloy, only the processes used by different enterprises are different, the processes adopted at present mainly comprise an aluminum profile extrusion type, an integral casting molding type and an aluminum alloy frame and aluminum plate welding structure, and the like, but the integral casting type and the profile type can only produce some small battery pack shells due to the limitation of a grinding tool, the product sealing performance after casting and extrusion is poor, the material strength and the elongation rate are low, the cracking after deformation is easy to occur after collision, and the large-capacity battery tray can not be produced by adopting the method due to the limitation of the casting and extrusion processes.
In order to solve the problems, the aluminum alloy extrusion frame and the aluminum plate welding structure are adopted to produce the lower shell of the battery pack in the whole vehicle enterprise at present. The reinforcing ribs are arranged in the length direction of the mode, the periphery of the bottom plate is provided with the extruded section, and the extruded section is connected with the bottom plate in a continuous arc welding mode. However, the difficulty of the structure and the process is that the battery pack lower shell is directly used as a whole vehicle bottom plate, and the battery pack lower shell is required to have extremely high strength, low residual stress and good corrosion resistance to complex environments, wherein the warp deformation resistance is caused by full welding of the bottom plate and peripheral sectional materials. At present, the common 6-series aluminum alloy in the market mostly takes 6061 as the main part, the strength in the T6 state is mostly 290-320MPa, and the strength, the residual stress after quenching and the corrosion resistance can not reach the harsh requirements of a power battery manufacturer on high strength, low residual stress and good corrosion resistance of a lower shell.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provide a preparation method of a 6-series aluminum plate for a battery pack lower shell of an electric automobile, which has high strength, low residual stress and good corrosion resistance.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a preparation method of a 6-series aluminum plate for a battery pack lower shell of an electric automobile comprises the following preparation processes:
s1, preparing raw materials according to the following weight percentage: 0.63-0.68% of Si, less than or equal to 0.15% of Fe, less than or equal to 0.18% of Cu, 0.10-0.15% of Mn, 1.10-1.15% of Mg, 0.25-0.30% of Cr, 0.025-0.035% of Ti, Al and other inevitable elements, less than or equal to 0.05% of other inevitable elements, and less than or equal to 0.15% of the total; the addition ratio of Mg to Si is not less than 1.73;
s2, putting the raw materials prepared in the step S1 into a smelting furnace, smelting at the temperature of 700 plus 750 ℃, then refining, degassing, slagging off and filtering to obtain aluminum liquid, and then casting the aluminum liquid into aluminum alloy ingots;
s3, milling the aluminum alloy ingot prepared in the S2, and then carrying out homogenization heat treatment to obtain a pretreated aluminum alloy ingot;
s4, carrying out hot rolling on the pretreated aluminum alloy ingot obtained in the step S3 to 8.0-12mm to obtain a hot rolled blank, wherein the final temperature of the hot rolling is more than 260 ℃;
s5, cold-rolling the S4 hot-rolled blank to a coil with the middle thickness according to the reduction ratio of not less than 50 percent;
s6, carrying out solid solution quenching treatment on the coil with the middle thickness obtained in the step S5 on a continuous quenching line under the conditions that the solid solution temperature is 555 +/-5 ℃ and the heat preservation time is 5-15min to obtain a quenched coil;
s7, cold-rolling the quenched coil obtained in the step S6 on a cold rolling mill according to the cold rolling reduction rate of 8-10% to obtain a finished product thickness coil;
and S8, sequentially carrying out cleaning, stretching and straightening, transverse shearing, straightening and cutting and artificial aging treatment on the finished coil obtained in the S7 to obtain a finished plate.
Further, in the step S8, the elongation at the time of performing the cleaning stretch straightening is 1.2 to 1.5%.
Further, in the step S8, when the artificial aging treatment is performed, the aging temperature is 160 ± 3 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 15 ± 0.5 hours.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. when the ratio of Mg/Si is less than 1.73, the 6-series aluminum alloy precipitates Mg simultaneously at grain boundaries2Si phase and Si particles, corrosion first being in Mg2No precipitation zone is generated on the surface of the Si phase and the edge of the Si particle, then the Si particle grows along the grain boundary, and the existence of the Si particle can synergistically promote Mg2Anodic dissolution of Si with no bands of precipitates at the edges, that is to say the presence of Si particles, can promote the development of corrosion, resulting in alloys exhibiting severe sensitivity to intergranular corrosion; therefore, the present invention prevents excess Si by controlling the Mg/Si ratio in the 6-series alloy to not less than 1.73, and forms only Mg after solution aging of the 6-series alloy2Si phase, the 6 series aluminum alloy can only form discontinuous distribution of Mg at grain boundary2Si particles, so that a continuous corrosion channel cannot be formed, and the aluminum alloy does not show an intergranular corrosion tendency;
2. the invention strictly controls the content of Cu within 0.18 percent, and effectively avoids forming CuAl on the grain boundary2Phase and thus avoidThe aluminum alloy has obvious intercrystalline corrosion sensitivity;
3. in the solid solution quenching process, the solid solution temperature is increased from the traditional 525 ℃ to 555 +/-5 ℃ so that the aluminum alloy is fully solid-dissolved, and the undissolved phase Mg in the matrix is enabled to be2Si is greatly reduced, the size of a grain boundary precipitated phase is increased, and Mg2The distribution type of Si is changed from continuous distribution to point distribution, so that a corrosion channel cannot be formed, and the corrosion resistance is effectively improved;
4. after the solution quenching treatment, the cold rolling with the working rate of 8-10% is carried out, the cold deformation with the working rate of 8-10% is introduced after the solution quenching by combining the phase change strengthening during the heat treatment and the deformation strengthening of the plastic deformation, the dislocation density of the material is improved during the cold deformation, and the dislocation network caused by the cold deformation enables the desolventizing phase nucleation to be more extensive and uniform, thereby being beneficial to improving the strength performance of the finished aluminum alloy plate, the final tensile strength of the material reaches more than 350MPa, and the hardness HV reaches more than 110;
5. after solution quenching, cold rolling is carried out according to the working ratio of 8-10%, and then stretching straightening treatment with the stretching ratio of 1.2-1.5% is carried out, so that the residual stress of the quenched material is reduced to a certain extent, and finally the residual stress of the prepared 6-series aluminum alloy plate reaches the low stress standard within +/-20 MPa;
6. in the aging process, the intergranular corrosion in underaging and the pitting corrosion in overaging are avoided by controlling the aging temperature and the aging time;
in a word, the preparation method of the 6-series aluminum plate for the battery pack lower shell of the electric automobile, provided by the invention, has the advantages that the corrosion resistance of the 6-series aluminum alloy product is effectively improved by controlling the addition amounts of Mg, Si and Cu, the temperature of solid solution quenching and the temperature and time of an aging process, the mechanical strength of the finished plate is effectively improved by a cold rolling process after high-temperature solid solution and quenching, and the residual stress of the finished plate is effectively reduced by 8-10% cold rolling after quenching and 1.2-1.5% tensile straightening treatment.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1
A preparation method of a 6-series aluminum plate for a battery pack lower shell of an electric automobile comprises the following preparation processes:
s1, preparing raw materials according to the following weight percentage: 0.65% of Si, less than or equal to 0.15% of Fe, less than or equal to 0.18% of Cu, 0.15% of Mn, 1.14% of Mg, 0.25% of Cr, 0.025% of Ti, Al and other unavoidable elements, wherein the content of the other unavoidable elements is less than or equal to 0.05%, and the total content is less than or equal to 0.15%; the addition ratio of Mg to Si is 1.754;
s2, putting the raw materials prepared in the step S1 into a smelting furnace, smelting at the temperature of 700 plus 750 ℃, then refining, degassing, slagging off and filtering to obtain aluminum liquid, and then casting the aluminum liquid into aluminum alloy ingots;
s3, milling the aluminum alloy ingot prepared in the S2, and then carrying out homogenization heat treatment to obtain a pretreated aluminum alloy ingot;
s4, carrying out hot rolling on the pretreated aluminum alloy ingot obtained in the step S3 to 8.0mm to obtain a hot rolled blank, wherein the final hot rolling temperature is more than 260 ℃;
s5, cold-rolling the S4 hot-rolled blank to a coil with the thickness of 3.3mm and the middle thickness;
s6, keeping the solid solution temperature of the coil with the middle thickness obtained in the S5 on a continuous quenching line at 555 +/-5 ℃ for 5min to obtain a quenched coil;
s7, cold-rolling the quenched coil obtained in the step S6 on a cold rolling mill according to the cold rolling reduction rate of 9.1% to obtain a finished product thickness coil with the thickness of 3.0 mm;
s8, sequentially carrying out cleaning, stretching and straightening, transverse shearing, straightening and cutting and artificial aging treatment on the finished coiled material obtained in the S7 to obtain a finished plate; wherein the stretching ratio is 1.2% when cleaning, stretching and straightening are carried out, the aging temperature is 160 +/-3 ℃ when artificial aging is carried out, and the heat preservation time is 15 +/-0.5 h.
Example 2
A preparation method of a 6-series aluminum plate for a battery pack lower shell of an electric automobile comprises the following preparation processes:
s1, preparing raw materials according to the following weight percentage: 0.64% of Si, less than or equal to 0.15% of Fe, less than or equal to 0.18% of Cu, 0.12% of Mn, 1.14% of Mg, 0.30% of Cr, 0.03% of Ti, A1 and other inevitable elements, wherein the other inevitable elements are less than or equal to 0.05%, and the total is less than or equal to 0.15%; the adding proportion of the Mg to the Si is 1.781;
s2, putting the raw materials prepared in the step S1 into a smelting furnace, smelting at the temperature of 700 plus 750 ℃, then refining, degassing, slagging off and filtering to obtain aluminum liquid, and then casting the aluminum liquid into aluminum alloy ingots;
s3, milling the aluminum alloy ingot prepared in the S2, and then carrying out homogenization heat treatment to obtain a pretreated aluminum alloy ingot;
s4, carrying out hot rolling on the pretreated aluminum alloy ingot obtained in the step S3 to 9.0mm to obtain a hot rolled blank, wherein the final hot rolling temperature is over 260 ℃;
s5, cold-rolling the S4 hot-rolled blank to a coil with the thickness of 4.35mm and the middle thickness;
s6, keeping the solid solution temperature of the coil with the middle thickness obtained in the step S5 at 555 +/-5 ℃ on a continuous quenching line, and keeping the temperature for 10min to obtain a quenched coil;
s7, cold-rolling the quenched coil obtained in the step S6 on a cold rolling mill according to the cold rolling reduction rate of 8% to obtain a finished product thickness coil with the thickness of 4.0 mm;
s8, sequentially carrying out cleaning, stretching and straightening, transverse shearing, straightening and cutting and artificial aging treatment on the finished coiled material obtained in the S7 to obtain a finished plate; wherein the stretching ratio is 1.5% when cleaning, stretching and straightening are carried out, the aging temperature is 160 +/-3 ℃ when artificial aging is carried out, and the heat preservation time is 15 +/-0.5 h.
Example 3
A preparation method of a 6-series aluminum plate for a battery pack lower shell of an electric automobile comprises the following preparation processes:
s1, preparing raw materials according to the following weight percentage: 0.63% of Si, less than or equal to 0.15% of Fe, less than or equal to 0.18% of Cu, 0.10% of Mn, 1.10% of Mg, 0.30% of Cr, 0.035% of Ti, Al and other inevitable elements, wherein the other inevitable elements are less than or equal to 0.05%, and the total is less than or equal to 0.15%; the addition ratio of Mg to Si is 1.746;
s2, putting the raw materials prepared in the step S1 into a smelting furnace, smelting at the temperature of 700 plus 750 ℃, then refining, degassing, slagging off and filtering to obtain aluminum liquid, and then casting the aluminum liquid into aluminum alloy ingots;
s3, milling the aluminum alloy ingot prepared in the S2, and then carrying out homogenization heat treatment to obtain a pretreated aluminum alloy ingot;
s4, carrying out hot rolling on the pretreated aluminum alloy ingot obtained in the step S3 to 12mm to obtain a hot rolled blank, wherein the final hot rolling temperature is over 260 ℃;
s5, cold-rolling the S4 hot-rolled blank to a coil with the thickness of 5.56mm and the middle thickness;
s6, carrying out solid solution quenching treatment on the coil with the intermediate thickness obtained in the step S5 on a continuous quenching line under the conditions that the solid solution temperature is 555 +/-5 ℃ and the heat preservation time is 15min to obtain a quenched coil;
s7, cold-rolling the quenched coil obtained in the step S6 on a cold rolling mill according to the cold rolling reduction rate of 10% to obtain a finished product thickness coil with the thickness of 5.0 mm;
s8, sequentially carrying out cleaning, stretching and straightening, transverse shearing, straightening and cutting and artificial aging treatment on the finished coiled material obtained in the S7 to obtain a finished plate; wherein the stretching ratio is 1.4% when cleaning, stretching and straightening are carried out, the aging temperature is 160 +/-3 ℃ when artificial aging is carried out, and the heat preservation time is 15 +/-0.5 h.
Comparative example 1
Comparative example 1 is substantially the same as example 1 except that in S1, the raw materials were prepared in the following weight percent: 0.65% of Si, less than or equal to 0.15% of Fe, less than or equal to 0.15% of Cu, 0.15% of Mn, 0.95% of Mg, 0.25% of Cr, 0.025% of Ti, Al and other unavoidable elements, wherein the content of the other unavoidable elements is less than or equal to 0.05%, and the total content is less than or equal to 0.15%; the addition ratio of Mg to Si is 1.462; i.e. the ratio of Mg to Si added is less than 1.73.
Comparative example 2
Comparative example 2 is substantially the same as the production method of example 1 except that in the step of performing S1, raw materials were prepared to be used by the following components in percentage by weight: 0.64% of Si, less than or equal to 0.15% of Fe, 0.35% of Cu, 0.12% of Mn, 1.14% of Mg, 0.30% of Cr, 0.03% of Ti, Al and other inevitable elements, less than or equal to 0.05% of other inevitable elements, and less than or equal to 0.15% in total; the adding proportion of the Mg to the Si is 1.781; i.e. the weight percentage of Cu addition is higher than 0.18%.
Comparative example 3
Comparative example 3 is substantially the same as the production method of example 1 except that in the step of performing S6, the coil material of intermediate thickness obtained in S5 was subjected to solution quenching treatment at 525 ℃ in a continuous quenching line for 10min to obtain a quenched coil material.
Comparative example 4
Comparative example 4 is substantially the same as the production method of example 1, except that in the step of S8, the finished coil material obtained in S7 is subjected to cleaning, stretching, straightening, cross-shearing, straightening, cutting, and artificial aging treatment in this order to obtain a finished plate material; wherein the stretching ratio when cleaning, stretching and straightening is 1.2%, the aging temperature is 180 ℃ and the heat preservation time is 15h when artificial aging is carried out: i.e. the effective temperature is higher than 163 ℃.
Comparative example 5
Comparative example 5 is substantially the same as the production method of example 1, except that in the step of S8, the finished coil material obtained in S7 was subjected to cleaning, stretching, straightening, cross-shearing, straightening, cutting, and artificial aging in this order to obtain a finished plate material; wherein the stretching ratio is 1.2% when cleaning, stretching and straightening are carried out, the aging temperature is 162 ℃ when artificial aging is carried out, and the heat preservation time is 10 hours or 18 hours; namely, the heat preservation time in the artificial aging treatment is far less than or far more than 15 h.
Comparative example 6
Comparative example 6 is substantially the same as the production method of example 1 except that cold rolling is not performed upon completion of S6, and the process proceeds directly to S8.
Comparative example 7
Comparative example 7 is substantially the same as the production method of example 1, except that in S8, the finished coil obtained in S7 is subjected to cleaning, transverse shearing, straightening and cutting, and artificial aging treatment in this order to obtain a finished plate; when artificial aging is carried out, the aging temperature is 162 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 15 h; i.e. without the stretch straightening treatment.
The results of the performance test on the aluminum alloy substrates obtained in examples 1 to 4 and comparative examples 1 to 7 are shown in the following table:
the experimental data show that:
in the embodiments 1-4, the addition ratio of Mg and Si is more than 1.73, the addition percentage of Cu is controlled to be less than or equal to 0.18 percent, the solid solution temperature during the solid solution quenching is controlled to be 555 +/-5 ℃, the solid solution time is controlled to be 5-15min, the temperature of artificial aging is controlled to be 160 +/-3 ℃, the heat preservation time is 15 +/-0.5 h, and the cold rolling process with the working ratio of 8-10 percent is carried out after the solid solution quenching process, and the stretching straightening process treatment with the stretching ratio of 1.2-1.5 percent is carried out.
Comparative example 1, comparative example 1 in which the ratio of Mg to Si added was 1.462 and less than 1.73, Mg was formed due to solid solution of Mg and Si2Si, therefore, when added at the ratio of the comparative example, Si near 0.1% is excessive, and the excessive Si is easily aggregated at the grain boundary, resulting in an increase in intergranular corrosion sensitivity; on the other hand, when the ratio of Mg to Si is less than 1.73, the 6-series aluminum alloy precipitates Mg simultaneously at grain boundaries2Si phase and Si particles, corrosion first being in Mg2No precipitation zone is generated on the surface of the Si phase and the edge of the Si particle, then the Si particle grows along the grain boundary, and the existence of the Si particle can synergistically promote Mg2Anodic dissolution without precipitation zone at the edge of Si; therefore, the adding proportion of Mg and Si is controlled to be not less than 1.73, so that the Mg and Si are effectively avoidedSi is excessive, so that Si is not gathered at the crystal boundary, and the intergranular corrosion sensitivity is reduced;
comparative example 2, comparative example 2 selected a Cu content of 0.35% and above 0.18%, at which time aging would precipitate CuAl at the grain boundaries2And the phase promotes the alloy corrosion to be accelerated, and the material has obvious intergranular corrosion.
Comparative example 3, comparative example 3 controlled the solid solution temperature to 525 ℃, lower than 550 ℃ of the present application; at this temperature, Mg2The Si unmelted phase is more, and the strength of the prepared 6-series aluminum alloy is lower;
comparative example 4, comparative example 4 controls the aging temperature at 180 ℃ and above 163 ℃, and the aging is carried out at the temperature, so that the strength of the prepared 6 series aluminum alloy is obviously lower;
comparative example 5, the artificial aging time of the comparative example 5 is controlled to be 10b or 18h, the temperature is obviously less than or greater than 15h, under-aging or over-aging is easy to occur in the time of the embodiment, the inter-crystal corrosion sensitivity is increased due to the under-aging, and slight pitting corrosion occurs due to the over-aging, so that the heat preservation time of the artificial aging treatment is selected to be 15h, and the local corrosion is effectively avoided;
comparative example 6, comparative example 6 does not perform the cold rolling process of 8-10% reduction ratio when S6 is completed, but directly enters the treatment process of S8, and the 6-series aluminum alloy sheet prepared at this time has large residual stress and low strength;
comparative example 7, comparative example 7 is the case where the stretch straightening process with the stretch ratio of 1.2% to 1.5% was not performed when S8 was performed, and the 6-series aluminum alloy sheet produced at this time had a large residual stress and a poor sheet shape.
Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes in the embodiments and/or modifications of the invention can be made, and equivalents and modifications of some features of the invention can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
Claims (3)
1. A preparation method of a 6-series aluminum plate for a battery pack lower shell of an electric automobile is characterized by comprising the following preparation processes:
s1, preparing raw materials according to the following weight percentage: 0.63-0.68% of Si, less than or equal to 0.15% of Fe, less than or equal to 0.18% of Cu, 0.10-0.15% of Mn, 1.10-1.15% of Mg, 0.25-0.30% of Cr, 0.025-0.035% of Ti, Al and other inevitable elements, less than or equal to 0.05% of other inevitable elements, and less than or equal to 0.15% of the total; the addition ratio of Mg to Si is not less than 1.73;
s2, putting the raw materials prepared in the step S1 into a smelting furnace, smelting at the temperature of 700 plus 750 ℃, then refining, degassing, slagging off and filtering to obtain aluminum liquid, and then casting the aluminum liquid into aluminum alloy ingots;
s3, milling the aluminum alloy ingot prepared in the S2, and then carrying out homogenization heat treatment to obtain a pretreated aluminum alloy ingot;
s4, carrying out hot rolling on the pretreated aluminum alloy ingot obtained in the step S3 to 8.0-12mm to obtain a hot rolled blank, wherein the final temperature of the hot rolling is more than 260 ℃;
s5, cold-rolling the S4 hot-rolled blank to a coil with the middle thickness according to the reduction ratio of not less than 50 percent;
s6, carrying out solid solution quenching treatment on the coil with the middle thickness obtained in the step S5 on a continuous quenching line under the conditions that the solid solution temperature is 555 +/-5 ℃ and the heat preservation time is 5-15min to obtain a quenched coil;
s7, cold-rolling the quenched coil obtained in the step S6 on a cold rolling mill according to the cold rolling reduction rate of 8-10% to obtain a finished product thickness coil;
and S8, sequentially carrying out cleaning, stretching and straightening, transverse shearing, straightening and cutting and artificial aging treatment on the finished coil obtained in the S7 to obtain a finished plate.
2. The preparation method of the 6-series aluminum plate for the battery pack lower case of the electric vehicle according to claim 1, characterized in that: in step S8, the elongation at the time of performing the cleaning stretch straightening is 1.2 to 1.5%.
3. The preparation method of the 6-series aluminum plate for the battery pack lower case of the electric vehicle according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the step S8, when the artificial aging treatment is carried out, the aging temperature is 160 +/-3 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 15 +/-0.5 hours.
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