CN113910506A - Method for preparing large composite material mold by 3D printing technology - Google Patents
Method for preparing large composite material mold by 3D printing technology Download PDFInfo
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- CN113910506A CN113910506A CN202111167446.XA CN202111167446A CN113910506A CN 113910506 A CN113910506 A CN 113910506A CN 202111167446 A CN202111167446 A CN 202111167446A CN 113910506 A CN113910506 A CN 113910506A
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- 238000010146 3D printing Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 36
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 238000007639 printing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000004697 Polyetherimide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000004417 polycarbonate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 229920001601 polyetherimide Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000004917 carbon fiber Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229920000515 polycarbonate Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 22
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 8
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910003460 diamond Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010432 diamond Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000010009 beating Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 9
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000000498 ball milling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001680 brushing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011229 interlayer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007781 pre-processing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012827 research and development Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007641 inkjet printing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011208 reinforced composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012779 reinforcing material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007790 scraping Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C33/00—Moulds or cores; Details thereof or accessories therefor
- B29C33/38—Moulds or cores; Details thereof or accessories therefor characterised by the material or the manufacturing process
- B29C33/3842—Manufacturing moulds, e.g. shaping the mould surface by machining
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C33/00—Moulds or cores; Details thereof or accessories therefor
- B29C33/38—Moulds or cores; Details thereof or accessories therefor characterised by the material or the manufacturing process
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for preparing a large-scale composite material mold by a 3D printing technology, which comprises the following working steps: firstly, pretreating raw materials; step-by-step printing; thirdly, pressurizing the mould; fourthly, welding; fifthly, machining, wherein the raw material pretreatment in the step one comprises the following steps: drying the raw materials, wherein in the step one, the raw materials are carbon fiber reinforced polycarbonate (CF/PC) or carbon fiber reinforced polyetherimide (CF/PEI), the particle size of the raw materials is 2-10 mm, the drying temperature is 60-100 ℃, and the drying time is 2-5 h.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of composite material mold manufacturing, in particular to a method for preparing a large-scale composite material mold by a 3D printing technology.
Background
The 3D printing technology is a technology for printing layer by using materials such as plastic or metal based on a digital model, and can be divided into several types including stereolithography, melt extrusion, three-dimensional inkjet printing, digital optical processing, and the like. The melt extrusion molding method is simple, and all plastics can be printed, so that the melt extrusion molding method becomes the first choice of the 3D printing composite material;
the carbon fiber reinforced composite material mold is a mold which is made by taking resin as a base material and carbon fiber as a reinforcing material and taking a product cavity as a reference. The composite material die prepared by the 3D printing technology has the advantages of high production speed, low cost and low product density, effectively overcomes the defects of high cost, long period and high density of the traditional steel die, and has good development prospect;
at present, due to the limitation of the equipment size, the technical maturity and the like, the 3D printing technology cannot directly prepare a large composite material mold, so that the large mold is mainly a steel mold at present, and the product research and development period and the research and development cost are greatly improved.
The method for preparing the large-scale composite material mold by the 3D printing technology in the prior art has the following defects:
1. the comparison document CN108247053B discloses a method for preparing a hot-working die of a composite material with a complex shape by 3D printing, which comprises the steps of mixing and ball-milling nano Ni powder and nano TiC ceramic powder, and then adding H3 steel powder for ball-milling to obtain the composite material; drawing a three-dimensional model of a required space structure by using drawing software, pouring H3 steel powder into a 3D printer, printing a mould prototype with a complex shape, reserving 20mm of unprinted allowance at a mould cavity, pausing printing equipment, replacing the steel powder into Ni powder, and printing a layer of common pure Ni powder on the inner surface of the hot-working mould steel material at the mould cavity of the mould prototype; and pausing the printing equipment, replacing the Ni powder with the composite material, continuously printing on the surface of the printed pure Ni layer, cleaning the powder, scraping and polishing the formed die piece, and finely polishing the die to obtain the composite material hot work die with the complex shape. The complex-shape composite material hot-working die prepared by the method has uniform structure and good die performance, and in the device, the size of printing equipment is still limited during use, so that the manufacturing cost and period of the die are increased;
2. in the method for preparing the large-scale composite material mold by using the 3D printing technology in the prior art, when the mold is used, the problem of uneven temperature exists in most of 3D printing equipment, and the processing efficiency of the device is influenced;
3. in the method for preparing the large-scale composite material mold by the 3D printing technology in the prior art, the interlayer gaps on the sub-molds in part of 3D printing equipment are more, and the interlayer strength of the mold is insufficient.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for preparing a large composite material mold by using a 3D printing technology, so as to solve the problems in the background technology.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme, a method for preparing a large-scale composite material mold by using a 3D printing technology comprises the following working steps:
firstly, pretreating raw materials;
step-by-step printing;
thirdly, pressurizing the mould;
fourthly, welding;
fifthly, machining.
Preferably, the raw material pretreatment in the step one comprises: and drying the raw materials.
Preferably, the step two of stepwise printing includes: the mould is divided into a plurality of sub-moulds for printing the sub-moulds step by step, the raw materials are extruded after being heated on line when the sub-moulds print, and finally, the raw materials are shaped by beating at a high speed.
Preferably, the step three of pressurizing the mold comprises: and (5) pressurizing and compacting the sub-die by using an autoclave.
Preferably, the welding in the fourth step comprises: and implanting the resistance wire into the splicing surface of the sub-die, splicing and compressing the sub-die by adopting a compressing tool, and then welding the spliced part.
Preferably, the step five additionally comprises the following steps: and (5) processing the welding mould by using a CNC numerical control machine tool.
Preferably, in the fifth step, a diamond cutter is adopted for machining, and the machining position is a use surface of the mold.
Preferably, in the first step, the raw material is carbon fiber reinforced polycarbonate (CF/PC) or carbon fiber reinforced polyetherimide (CF/PEI), the particle size of the raw material is 2-10 mm, the drying temperature is 60-100 ℃, and the drying time is 2-5 h.
Preferably, in the second step, 3D printing is carried out by adopting a melt extrusion method, wherein the online heating temperature of CF/PC is 200-300 ℃, and the online heating temperature of CF/PEI is 250-400 ℃;
in the second step, a 3D printing sub-mold is reserved with an organic allowance, and the allowance is 10-40 mm;
in the second step, the extrusion temperature of the raw materials is 20-50 ℃ lower than the online heating temperature, and the extrusion speed of the raw materials is 5-50 Kg/h;
and in the second step, after the neutron mold is flapped and formed, the mold needs to be cooled for 10-20 hours at room temperature.
Preferably, in the third step, the mold pressurization temperature is 70-100 ℃, the pressure is 0.3-0.6 Mpa, and the pressure maintaining time is 1-4 h.
Preferably, in the fourth step, resistance wires are reserved on the splicing surfaces of the sub-dies before splicing, and the wire connectors are positioned on the non-working surfaces of the dies;
in the fourth step, resin is coated on the surface of the resistance wire by a hot melting method, and the type of the resin is consistent with that of the mold resin;
the splicing tool in the fourth step is connected with a hydraulic device, and the hydraulic device generates welding pressure which is 0.2-0.8 Mpa;
the resistance wire material in the fourth step is a copper net or a nickel net, the heating power is 500W-2000W, and the heating time is 30-200 s;
the step four middle-middle dies adopt step welding, namely the sub-die 1 is integrally welded with the sub-die 3 after the sub-die 2 is welded, and so on until the sub-dies are completely welded.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. according to the invention, the 3D printing technology is combined with the resistance welding technology, the size limit of 3D printing equipment is effectively broken through, the large-scale composite material die can be directly prepared, the time for preparing the die is short, the cost is low, the density is low, and the manufacturing cost and the period of the large-scale die are greatly reduced;
2. according to the invention, the splicing surfaces of the sub-dies are welded by the resin-coated resistance wires, so that the phenomenon of uneven temperature caused by current leakage of the resistance wires can be effectively reduced;
3. after the sub-mold finishes printing, the autoclave is used for pressurizing and heating, so that the gaps between the sub-mold layers are effectively reduced, and the strength between the mold layers is increased.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the working steps of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the welding of the sub-mold of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "upper", "lower", "inner", "outer", "front", "rear", "both ends", "one end", "the other end", and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience of description and simplicity of description, but do not indicate or imply that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed in a specific orientation, and be operated, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "disposed," "connected," and the like are to be construed broadly, such as "connected," which may be fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in specific cases to those skilled in the art.
The first embodiment is as follows:
(1) preprocessing raw materials, namely, adopting CF/PC as a 3D printing raw material, wherein the particle size of the raw material is 2-10 mm, and drying the raw material at the drying temperature of 80 ℃ for 2h before printing;
(2) step-by-step printing, namely dividing the mould into 2 sub-moulds (a sub-mould 1 and a sub-mould 2) to print the sub-moulds step by step, wherein the allowance of a 3D printing design machine is 20mm, the heating temperature of CF/PC is 220 ℃, the extrusion temperature of the raw material is 200 ℃, the extrusion speed is 40Kg/h, and after flap forming, the raw material is cooled for 12h at room temperature;
(3) pressurizing the mold, namely cooling the sub mold, and heating and pressurizing by using an autoclave at the temperature of 70 ℃ and the pressure of 0.4MPa for 2 h;
(4) welding, namely brushing a layer of PC film on the surface of a copper mesh as a resistance wire heating device by a hot melting method, then pasting the PC film on the splicing surface of the copper mesh with the sub-mold 1, placing a wire joint on the non-working surface of the mold, connecting a pressing tool with a hydraulic device, splicing the sub-mold 1 and the sub-mold 2 by the pressing tool, controlling the welding pressure to be 0.3Mpa by the hydraulic device, switching on a power supply of the copper mesh and controlling the heating power to be 800W, and heating for 60 s;
(5) and (4) machining, namely machining the welding mould on the CNC numerical control machine tool, wherein the machining working surface is a mould use surface, and the machining cutter is a diamond cutter.
Example two:
(1) preprocessing raw materials, namely, taking CF/PEI as a 3D printing raw material, wherein the particle size of the raw material is 2-5 mm, and drying the raw material at 100 ℃ for 2.5 hours before printing;
(2) step-by-step printing, namely dividing the mould into 3 sub-moulds (a sub-mould 1, a sub-mould 2 and a sub-mould 3) to print the sub-moulds step by step, wherein the allowance of a 3D printing design machine is 30mm, the heating temperature of CF/PEI is 300 ℃, the extrusion temperature of the raw material is 260 ℃, the extrusion speed is 30Kg/h, and after the mould is flapped and formed, the mould is cooled for 20h at room temperature;
(3) pressurizing the mold, namely cooling the sub mold, and heating and pressurizing by using an autoclave at the heating temperature of 80 ℃ and the pressure of 0.6MPa for 3 h;
(4) welding, namely brushing a PEI film on the surface of a copper mesh as a resistance wire heating device by a hot melting method, then pasting the PEI film on a splicing surface of a sub-mold 1, placing a wire joint on a non-working surface of the mold, connecting a pressing tool with a hydraulic device, then splicing the sub-mold 1 and a sub-mold 2 by the pressing tool, controlling the welding pressure to be 0.4Mpa by the hydraulic device, switching on a copper mesh power supply, controlling the heating power to be 1500W, heating for 120s, and after the welding of the mold 1 and the sub-mold 2 is finished, integrally welding with the sub-mold 3 again, wherein the welding pressure is 0.5Mpa, the welding power is 1500W, and the welding time is 120 s;
(5) and (4) machining, namely machining the welding mould on the CNC numerical control machine tool, wherein the machining working surface is a mould use surface, and the machining cutter is a diamond cutter.
It will be evident to those skilled in the art that the invention is not limited to the details of the foregoing illustrative embodiments, and that the present invention may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential attributes thereof. The present embodiments are therefore to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive, the scope of the invention being indicated by the appended claims rather than by the foregoing description, and all changes which come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are therefore intended to be embraced therein. Any reference sign in a claim should not be construed as limiting the claim concerned.
Claims (10)
1. A method for preparing a large-scale composite material mold by using a 3D printing technology comprises the following working steps:
firstly, pretreating raw materials;
step two, step printing:
thirdly, pressurizing the mould;
fourthly, welding;
fifthly, machining.
2. The method for preparing a large composite mold according to the 3D printing technology, which is characterized in that: the raw material pretreatment in the first step comprises the following steps: and drying the raw materials.
3. The method for preparing a large composite mold according to the 3D printing technology, which is characterized in that: the step-by-step printing in the second step comprises the following steps: the mould is divided into a plurality of sub-moulds for printing the sub-moulds step by step, the raw materials are extruded after being heated on line when the sub-moulds print, and finally, the raw materials are shaped by beating at a high speed.
4. The method for preparing a large composite mold according to the 3D printing technology, which is characterized in that: the step three is that the mould pressurization comprises the following steps: and (5) pressurizing and compacting the sub-die by using an autoclave.
5. The method for preparing a large composite mold according to the 3D printing technology, which is characterized in that: welding in the fourth step comprises the following steps: and implanting the resistance wire into the splicing surface of the sub-die, splicing and compressing the sub-die by adopting a compressing tool, and then welding the spliced part.
6. The method for preparing a large composite mold according to the 3D printing technology, which is characterized in that: the step five is characterized by comprising the following steps: processing the welding mould by using a CNC (computer numerical control) machine tool;
and fifthly, machining by adopting a diamond cutter, wherein the machining position is the using surface of the die.
7. The method for preparing a large composite mold according to the 3D printing technology, which is characterized in that: in the first step, the raw material is carbon fiber reinforced polycarbonate (CF/PC) or carbon fiber reinforced polyetherimide (CF/PEI), the particle size of the raw material is 2-10 mm, the drying temperature is 60-100 ℃, and the drying time is 2-5 h.
8. The method for preparing a large composite mold according to the 3D printing technology, which is characterized in that: in the second step, 3D printing is carried out by adopting a melt extrusion method, wherein the online heating temperature of CF/PC is 200-300 ℃, and the online heating temperature of CF/PEI is 250-400 ℃;
in the second step, a 3D printing sub-mold is reserved with an organic allowance, and the allowance is 10-40 mm;
in the second step, the extrusion temperature of the raw materials is 20-50 ℃ lower than the online heating temperature, and the extrusion speed of the raw materials is 5-50 Kg/h;
and in the second step, after the neutron mold is flapped and formed, the mold needs to be cooled for 10-20 hours at room temperature.
9. The method for preparing a large composite mold according to the 3D printing technology, which is characterized in that: in the third step, the mold is pressurized at 70-100 ℃, the pressure is 0.3-0.6 Mpa, and the pressure maintaining time is 1-4 h.
10. The method for preparing a large composite mold according to the 3D printing technology, which is characterized in that: in the fourth step, resistance wires are reserved on the splicing surfaces of the sub-dies before splicing, and the wire connectors are positioned on the non-working surfaces of the dies;
in the fourth step, resin is coated on the surface of the resistance wire by a hot melting method, and the type of the resin is consistent with that of the mold resin;
the splicing tool in the fourth step is connected with a hydraulic device, and the hydraulic device generates welding pressure which is 0.2-0.8 Mpa;
the resistance wire material in the fourth step is a copper net or a nickel net, the heating power is 500W-2000W, and the heating time is 30-200 s;
the step four middle-middle dies adopt step welding, namely the sub-die 1 is integrally welded with the sub-die 3 after the sub-die 2 is welded, and so on until the sub-dies are completely welded.
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| CN202111167446.XA CN113910506A (en) | 2021-10-07 | 2021-10-07 | Method for preparing large composite material mold by 3D printing technology |
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| CN202111167446.XA CN113910506A (en) | 2021-10-07 | 2021-10-07 | Method for preparing large composite material mold by 3D printing technology |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2023180144A1 (en) * | 2022-03-23 | 2023-09-28 | Solvay Specialty Polymers Usa, Llc | Large fabrication molds |
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| CN109128165A (en) * | 2018-09-04 | 2019-01-04 | 华中科技大学 | A kind of mold fast processing method based on 3D printing mold core |
| CN113001964A (en) * | 2019-12-18 | 2021-06-22 | 庞巴迪运输有限公司 | Mould made by additive manufacturing technology |
| CN113370520A (en) * | 2020-03-09 | 2021-09-10 | 空中客车西班牙运营有限责任公司 | Method for manufacturing a part layer by layer using additive manufacturing technology and compaction system |
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2021
- 2021-10-07 CN CN202111167446.XA patent/CN113910506A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS5859050A (en) * | 1981-10-05 | 1983-04-07 | Hiroshima Plast Kk | Welding method for resin |
| CN101076207A (en) * | 2006-05-17 | 2007-11-21 | 法国煤气公司 | Device and method for jointing together with two polymers by molten |
| CN103587120A (en) * | 2013-11-28 | 2014-02-19 | 南京飓能电控自动化设备制造有限公司 | Vane die manufacturing system and vane die manufacturing method |
| CN109128165A (en) * | 2018-09-04 | 2019-01-04 | 华中科技大学 | A kind of mold fast processing method based on 3D printing mold core |
| CN113001964A (en) * | 2019-12-18 | 2021-06-22 | 庞巴迪运输有限公司 | Mould made by additive manufacturing technology |
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| WO2023180144A1 (en) * | 2022-03-23 | 2023-09-28 | Solvay Specialty Polymers Usa, Llc | Large fabrication molds |
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