CN113910044B

CN113910044B - Steel sheet face up welding seam frock of polishing

Info

Publication number: CN113910044B
Application number: CN202111188451.9A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 李喆; 孙胜波; 梁康; 朱翔洋; 张智伟
Original assignee: Jiangnan Shipyard Group Co Ltd
Current assignee: Jiangnan Shipyard Group Co Ltd
Priority date: 2021-10-12
Filing date: 2021-10-12
Publication date: 2022-08-16
Anticipated expiration: 2041-10-12
Also published as: CN113910044A

Abstract

The invention provides a steel plate overhead welding seam polishing tool which comprises a rack, a sliding mechanism, a height adjusting mechanism and a polishing mechanism, wherein the sliding mechanism is arranged on the rack; the frame is provided with an adsorption mechanism which can be adsorbed on the steel plate; the sliding mechanism comprises a suspension guide rail fixed below the rack and a sliding block arranged on the suspension guide rail in a sliding manner; the polishing mechanism is arranged at the top of the sliding block through the height adjusting mechanism so as to polish the welding seam on the steel plate; according to the steel plate polishing device, the suspension guide rail is fixed below the steel plate through the magnet, the polishing device is supported and moved through the cooperation of the sliding blocks, the height position of the polishing device is adjusted through the height adjusting mechanism to polish the welding seam at the bottom of the steel plate, an operator does not need to lift the polishing machine in real time to polish in the whole polishing process, the labor intensity of the operator is greatly reduced, the polishing efficiency is improved, and the operator is effectively prevented from being injured by falling and crashing of the polishing machine.

Description

Steel sheet face up welding seam frock of polishing

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of weld joint polishing devices, and particularly relates to a steel plate overhead welding weld joint polishing tool.

Background

Welding steel plates is an important process in the ship building process, and the welding seams need to be ground and polished after welding in order to be smooth and flat. The existing welding seam polishing mode of a shipyard is that operators hold a polishing machine to polish, and the efficiency is not high; when the welding seam of being polished is located operating personnel top, need lift the polisher and look up and polish (carry out the welding seam of looking up promptly and polish), intensity of labour is great for operating personnel is very easily tired out, not only reduces the efficiency of polishing, and the polisher very easily drops moreover and injures operating personnel by a crashing object.

Disclosure of Invention

In view of the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide the tool for polishing the welding seam of the overhead welding of the steel plate, which is simple in structure and convenient to operate, supports and moves the polishing device by matching the suspension guide rail fixed on the steel plate in an adsorption manner with the sliding block, does not need an operator to lift the polishing machine in real time for polishing, greatly reduces the labor intensity of the operator, improves the polishing efficiency, and effectively prevents the operator from being injured by falling of the polishing machine.

In order to achieve the above and other related purposes, the invention provides a steel plate overhead welding seam polishing tool, which comprises a frame, a sliding mechanism, a height adjusting mechanism and a polishing mechanism, wherein the frame is provided with a sliding groove; the frame is provided with an adsorption mechanism which can be adsorbed on the steel plate; the sliding mechanism comprises a suspension guide rail fixed below the rack and a sliding block arranged on the suspension guide rail in a sliding manner; the polishing mechanism is arranged at the top of the sliding block through the height adjusting mechanism so as to polish the welding seam on the steel plate; according to the steel plate polishing device, the suspension guide rail is fixed below the steel plate through the magnet, the polishing device is supported and moved through the cooperation of the sliding blocks, the height position of the polishing device is adjusted through the height adjusting mechanism to polish the welding seam at the bottom of the steel plate, an operator does not need to lift the polishing machine in real time to polish in the whole polishing process, the labor intensity of the operator is greatly reduced, the polishing efficiency is improved, and the operator is effectively prevented from being injured by falling and crashing of the polishing machine.

Preferably, the rack comprises two support frames arranged at intervals, each support frame comprises a support top beam and a connecting frame, the adsorption mechanism is arranged on the support top beam, and the connecting frame is used for connecting the support top beam and the suspension guide rail; each supporting top beam is provided with an avoidance opening for containing a welding line, the central line of the avoidance opening is positioned right above the length central line of the suspension guide rail, the installation position of the rack is positioned by the aid of the avoidance opening, the welding line and the suspension guide rail are further ensured to be positioned in the same vertical plane, the positioning precision of the device is improved, and resource waste caused by repeated debugging of the installation position of the rack is avoided.

Preferably, the adsorption mechanism comprises a magnet mounting seat arranged on the supporting top beam, a first movable hole is formed in the bottom of the magnet mounting seat, a second movable hole is formed in the top of the first movable hole, the aperture of the first movable hole is larger than that of the second movable hole, and the first movable hole is communicated with the second movable hole to form a stepped through hole; the magnet is arranged in the stepped through hole and slides along the axial direction of the stepped through hole, and comprises a first magnet movably arranged in the first movable hole and a second magnet movably arranged in the second movable hole; the first magnet and the second magnet are integrally formed to form a stepped structure; the height of the second magnet is equal to that of the second movable hole; the magnet mounting seat is made of a non-magnetic material; when the second magnet of magnet adsorbs on the steel sheet, the axial displacement of the first magnet of magnet and steel sheet cooperation restriction magnet mount pad avoids adsorption mechanism when adsorbing in the steel sheet bottom, and the magnet mount pad separates with magnet under the action of gravity.

Preferably, a third movable hole is formed in the bottom of the magnet, a piston sliding along the axial direction of the third movable hole is arranged in the third movable hole, and a piston rod is connected to the piston; a stop piece for limiting the lowest stroke position of the piston is further arranged in the third movable hole, and a through hole for the piston rod to pass through is formed in the stop piece; the support top beam is provided with a support ring, a lever penetrates through the support ring and is provided with a first end and a second end, the first end of the lever is hinged to the bottom end of the piston rod, the second end of the lever is a force application end, and the lever is used for applying downward movement acting force to the piston rod to overcome the adsorption force of the magnet, so that the magnet is separated from the steel plate, and the aim of reducing the dismantling strength of operators is fulfilled.

Preferably, the levers are arranged in one-to-one correspondence with the magnet mounting seats; four magnets are movably arranged on each magnet mounting seat, and the four magnets are distributed on the corresponding magnet mounting seats in a centrosymmetric manner; the axial center line of the piston rod is collinear with the axial center line of the corresponding magnet; a square pressing plate is arranged below each magnet mounting seat, and the lever is hinged with four piston rods on the corresponding magnet mounting seats through the square pressing plates; the first end of the lever is hinged to the center of the bottom of the square pressing plate, the bottom ends of the four piston rods are hinged to the top of the square pressing plate, and the hinged positions of the four piston rods and the square pressing plate are symmetrical about the center of the square pressing plate so that the four magnets on the magnet mounting seat are separated from the steel plate through the cooperation of the lever and the square pressing plate.

Preferably, the four stop parts on the magnet mounting seat are all located at different height positions, so that the four magnets are sequentially separated from the steel plate, the acting force exerted on the lever is reduced, and the labor intensity of operators is reduced.

Preferably, four magnets on the magnet mounting seat enclose the square that closes formation and have first diagonal and second diagonal, and the stop part that is arranged in two magnets on same diagonal is in the same high position, and the stop part that is arranged in the magnet on different diagonals is in not co-altitude position to two magnets on same diagonal separate with the steel sheet simultaneously, guarantee the levelness of square clamp plate, avoid because of the piston rod fracture that the uneven slope of square clamp plate atress leads to, improve the life of piston rod.

Preferably, height adjusting mechanism is including fixing the mounting at the slider top and the gliding moving part about the relative mounting, the moving part top is equipped with the backup pad, grinding mechanism articulates the one end in the backup pad, the other end of backup pad is equipped with the first spring of being connected with grinding mechanism, adjusts grinding device's height through height adjusting mechanism, makes first spring compress under the combined action of height adjusting mechanism and welding seam, along with the increase of the thickness of polishing, welding seam and emery wheel thickness reduce, and grinding device is compressed tightly on the welding seam all the time, need not operating personnel and adjusts grinding device height according to the thickness of polishing in real time.

Preferably, the fixed part is a fixed rod, the moving part is a movable sleeve sleeved on the fixed rod in a movable mode, a limiting bolt hole is formed in the movable sleeve, and a limiting bolt which can be close to or far away from the fixed rod is screwed in the limiting bolt hole so as to lock and adjust the relative distance between the fixed part and the moving part and reduce cost.

Preferably, the height adjusting mechanism is an air cylinder, a hydraulic cylinder or an electric push rod, and the height of the polishing device is automatically adjusted.

Preferably, a vertical hole is formed in the bottom of the avoidance opening, a second spring is arranged at the bottom of the vertical hole, a thimble is arranged at the top of the second spring and clings to the welding line of the steel plate under the action of the second spring, and the axial center line of the thimble and the center line of the welding line are located in the same vertical plane.

As above, the tool for polishing the welding seam of the overhead welding of the steel plate has the following beneficial effects:

(1) the tool for polishing the welding seam of the overhead welding of the steel plate is simple in structure and convenient to operate, the supporting and moving of the polishing device are realized through the matching of the sliding block and the suspension guide rail which is fixed on the steel plate in an adsorption mode, the polishing machine does not need to be lifted in real time by an operator in the whole polishing process, the labor intensity of the operator is greatly reduced, the polishing efficiency is improved, and the operator is effectively prevented from being injured by falling of the polishing machine;

(2) the arrangement of the lever structure reduces the difficulty of magnet separation;

(3) the arrangement of the avoiding port and the ejector pin reduces the positioning difficulty of the rack and improves the positioning efficiency.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a perspective view of the grinding tool of the present invention mounted on a steel plate.

FIG. 2 is a front view of the sanding tool of the present invention mounted on a steel plate.

Fig. 3 is a side view of the mounting of the supporting cap on the steel plate.

Fig. 4 is a partially enlarged view of a portion a in fig. 3.

Fig. 5 is a partially enlarged view of fig. 3 at B.

Description of the reference numerals

The steel plate 01, a welding seam 02, a support frame 1, a support top beam 11, an avoidance opening 111, a connecting frame 12, a suspension guide rail 21, a sliding block 22, a height adjusting mechanism 3, a fixed part 31, a movable part 32, a support plate 33, a first spring 34, a grinding mechanism 4, an adsorption mechanism 5, a magnet mounting seat 51, a stepped through hole 511, a magnet 52, a third movable hole 523, a piston 524, a piston rod 525, a stop part 526, a support ring 6, a lever 61, a square pressure plate 62, a second spring 71 and a thimble 72.

Detailed Description

The following description of the embodiments of the present invention is provided for illustrative purposes, and other advantages and effects of the present invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art from the present disclosure.

Please refer to fig. 1 to 5. It should be understood that the structures, ratios, sizes, and the like shown in the drawings and described in the specification are only used for matching with the disclosure of the specification, so as to be understood and read by those skilled in the art, and are not used to limit the conditions under which the present invention can be implemented, so that the present invention has no technical significance, and any structural modification, ratio relationship change, or size adjustment should still fall within the scope of the present invention without affecting the efficacy and the achievable purpose of the present invention. In addition, the terms "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "middle" and "one" used in the present specification are for clarity of description, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and the relative relationship between the terms and the terms is not to be construed as a scope of the present invention.

As shown in fig. 1 to 5, the invention provides a steel plate overhead welding seam polishing tool, which comprises a frame, a sliding mechanism, a height adjusting mechanism 3 and a polishing mechanism 4; an adsorption mechanism 5 which can be adsorbed on the steel plate 01 is arranged on the frame; the sliding mechanism comprises a suspension guide rail 21 fixed below the frame and a sliding block 22 arranged on the suspension guide rail 21 in a sliding manner; the grinding mechanism 4 is arranged on the top of the sliding block 22 through the height adjusting mechanism 3 to grind the welding seam 02 at the bottom of the steel plate 01.

Specifically, as shown in fig. 1, 3 and 4, the rack includes two support frames 1 arranged at intervals along the length direction of the weld seam 02, the support frames 1 include a support top beam 11 and a connecting frame 12, and the adsorption mechanism 5 is arranged on the support top beam 11; the connecting frame 12 is used for connecting the supporting top beam 11 and the suspension guide rail 21; every be equipped with on the support back timber 11 and be used for holding the dodging mouth 111 of welding seam 02, the central line of dodging mouth 111 is located suspension guide 21 length central line directly over, through dodging the mounted position of mouthful 111 assistance-localization real-time frock of polishing, guarantees that suspension guide 21 and welding seam 02 are located the same vertical plane.

It can be understood that, in order to ensure the stability of the suspension rail 21, the support frame 1 formed by the support top beam 11 and the connecting frame 12 is a stable triangular support frame or a square support frame, which is not limited in this respect; in order to save material and weight, the present embodiment is preferably provided as a triangular support.

It can be understood that, in order to ensure the adsorption stability of the rack and the stress balance of each adsorption mechanism 5, the central line of the avoidance opening 111 and the perpendicular bisector of the support top beam 11 are located in the same vertical plane, and the number of the adsorption mechanisms 5 is even, all the adsorption mechanisms 5 are centrally and symmetrically distributed on the whole top of the rack, the specific number of the adsorption mechanisms 5 is not limited, and the embodiment is preferably four.

As shown in fig. 1, 2, 3 and 5, the adsorption mechanism 5 includes a magnet mounting seat 51 disposed on the support top beam 11, a first movable hole is disposed at the bottom of the magnet mounting seat 51, a second movable hole is disposed at the top of the first movable hole, the aperture of the first movable hole is larger than that of the second movable hole, and the first movable hole and the second movable hole are communicated to form a stepped through hole 511 with a positioning step; the magnet 52 sliding along the axial direction of the stepped through hole 511 is arranged in the stepped through hole 511, and the magnet 52 comprises a first magnet movably arranged in the first movable hole and a second magnet movably arranged in the second movable hole; the first magnet and the second magnet are integrally formed to form a stepped structure with a supporting shaft shoulder; the height of the second magnet is equal to that of the second movable hole; the magnet mounting seat 51 is made of a non-magnetic material; when the second magnet of magnet 52 adsorbs on steel sheet 01, the support shaft shoulder on magnet 52 supports magnet mount pad 51 with the cooperation of the location step on the ladder through-hole 511, avoids this frock of polishing high altitude to fall to injure operating personnel by a crashing object.

The magnet mounting seat 51 is convenient to replace and mount the magnet 52, and the replacement difficulty of the magnet 52 is reduced.

It can be understood that, in order to prevent the magnet mounting seat 51 from moving radially relative to the magnet 52 after the magnet 52 is attached to the steel plate 01, the inner wall of the first movable hole is attached to the outer wall of the first magnet and/or the inner wall of the second movable hole is attached to the outer wall of the second magnet.

It is to be understood that the nonmagnetic material is various materials that do not attract the magnet, such as austenitic stainless steel and aluminum alloy, and is not limited thereto, and in order to ensure strength, the nonmagnetic material in the present embodiment is preferably austenitic stainless steel.

As shown in fig. 5, a third movable hole 523 is disposed at the bottom of the magnet 52, a piston 524 that slides along the third movable hole 523 in the axial direction is disposed in the third movable hole 523, and a piston rod 525 is connected to the piston 524; a stop member 526 for limiting the lowest stroke position of the piston 524 is further arranged in the third movable hole 523; the stop piece 526 is provided with a through hole for the piston rod 525 to pass through; the supporting top beam 11 is provided with a supporting ring 6, a lever 61 penetrates through the supporting ring 6, the lever 61 is provided with a first end and a second end, the first end of the lever 61 is hinged with the bottom end of the piston rod 525, the second end of the lever 61 is a force application end, and the levers 61 are used for separating the magnets 52 adsorbed on the steel plate 01 one by one, so that the dismantling strength of operators is effectively reduced; in this embodiment, the stop 526 is an O-plug.

It is understood that the piston 524 and the piston rod 525 are made of non-magnetic material, and they may be integrally formed, or may be fixed together by welding, etc., which is not limited to this, and the present embodiment preferably configures the piston 524 and the piston rod 525 as an integral molding.

As shown in fig. 1, 2, 3 and 5, the levers 61 are arranged in one-to-one correspondence with the magnet mounting seats 51; each magnet mounting seat 51 is movably provided with four magnets 52, and the four magnets 52 are distributed on the corresponding magnet mounting seat 51 in a central symmetry manner; the axial center line of the piston rod 525 is collinear with the axial center line of the corresponding magnet 52; a square pressing plate 62 is arranged below each magnet mounting seat 51, and the lever 61 is hinged with four piston rods 525 on the corresponding magnet mounting seat 51 through the square pressing plate 62; the first end of the lever 61 is hinged at the bottom center of the square pressing plate 62, the bottom ends of the four piston rods 525 are hinged at the top of the square pressing plate 62, and the hinged positions of the four piston rods 525 and the square pressing plate 62 are symmetrical about the center of the square pressing plate 62, so that the number of the levers 61 is reduced, and the mutual interference of the levers 61 is avoided.

It will be appreciated that the arrangement of four stops 526 on the same magnet mount 51 has two options, the first being: the four stop pieces 526 on the magnet mounting seat 51 are all located at different height positions, so that the four magnets 52 in the magnet mounting seat 51 are sequentially separated from the steel plate 01, and the dismantling strength of an operator is effectively reduced; the second scheme is as follows: the stop pieces 526 in the two magnets 52 on the same diagonal are at the same height position, and the stop pieces 526 in the magnets 52 on different diagonals are at different height positions, so that the four magnets 52 in the magnet mounting seat 51 are sequentially separated from the steel plate 01 by taking the two magnets 52 as a group, the separation difficulty is reduced, the levelness of the square pressing plate 62 is ensured, and the situation that the square pressing plate 62 is inclined due to uneven stress to cause the breakage of part of the piston rod 525 is avoided; the second arrangement is preferred for this embodiment.

It is understood that in another embodiment, the adsorption mechanism 5 may be directly provided as the magnet 52, and the magnet 52 is directly fixed to the supporting cap 11.

As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the height adjusting mechanism 3 includes a fixed member 31 fixed on the top of the sliding block 22 and a movable member 32 sliding up and down relative to the fixed member 31, a supporting plate 33 is disposed on the top of the movable member 32, the polishing mechanism 4 is detachably disposed on a jacket, the jacket is hinged to one end of the supporting plate 33, and a first spring 34 connected to the jacket is disposed on the other end of the supporting plate 33.

As shown in fig. 2, the fixing member 31 is a fixing rod, the moving member 32 is a moving sleeve movably sleeved on the fixing rod, the moving sleeve is provided with a limiting bolt hole, and a limiting bolt which can be close to or far away from the fixing rod is screwed in the limiting bolt hole to lock and adjust the relative distance between the fixing member 31 and the moving member 32, so as to meet the polishing requirements of different heights.

It is understood that the height adjusting mechanism 3 may also be a linear moving device such as an air cylinder, a hydraulic cylinder, or an electric push rod, which is not limited thereto.

As shown in fig. 4, a vertical hole is formed at the bottom of the avoiding opening 111, a second spring 71 is arranged at the bottom of the vertical hole, a thimble 72 is arranged at the top of the second spring 71, and the thimble 72 is stably attached to the weld seam 02 of the steel plate 01 under the action of the second spring 71, so that the axial center line of the thimble 72 and the center line of the weld seam 02 are located in the same vertical plane, thereby further ensuring the positioning accuracy of the grinding tool.

As shown in fig. 2, when a weld 02 at the bottom of a steel plate 01 needs to be ground, only the avoidance opening 111 and the ejector pin 72 of the support top beam 11 need to be aligned and matched with the weld 02, then the magnets 52 in the magnet mounting seats 51 are adsorbed on the steel plate 01, the magnet mounting seats 51 are fixed by matching the steel plate 01 and the magnets 52, the whole rack is fixed on the steel plate 01, then the height of the moving part 32 is adjusted, so that a grinding wheel of the grinding mechanism 4 is pressed on the weld 02, at this time, the first spring 34 is compressed, then the grinding mechanism 4 is started, the grinding wheel of the grinding mechanism 4 is always in close contact with the weld 02 under the action of the first spring 34 along with the increase of the grinding depth, and an operator does not need to adjust the height position of the grinding mechanism 4 in real time according to the grinding depth; and through hanging guide rail 21 and slider 22 cooperation regulation grinding machanism 4's position, accomplish polishing of whole welding seam 02, effectively reduce the degree of difficulty of polishing and operating personnel's intensity of labour, avoid grinding machanism to fall to injure personnel by a crashing object, improve the security of polishing.

The foregoing embodiments are merely illustrative of the principles and utilities of the present invention and are not intended to limit the invention. Any person skilled in the art can modify or change the above-mentioned embodiments without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Accordingly, it is intended that all equivalent modifications or changes which can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and technical spirit of the present invention be covered by the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. The tool for polishing the weld joint of the overhead welding of the steel plate is characterized by comprising a frame, a sliding mechanism, a height adjusting mechanism (3) and a polishing mechanism (4); the frame is provided with an adsorption mechanism (5) which can be adsorbed on the steel plate (01); the sliding mechanism comprises a suspension guide rail (21) fixed below the rack and a sliding block (22) installed on the suspension guide rail (21) in a sliding manner; the height adjusting mechanism (3) is arranged at the top of the sliding block (22), and the grinding mechanism (4) is arranged at the top of the height adjusting mechanism (3) to grind a welding line (02) at the bottom of the steel plate (01); the machine frame comprises two support frames (1) which are arranged at intervals, each support frame (1) comprises a support top beam (11) and a connecting frame (12), and the adsorption mechanism (5) is arranged on the support top beam (11); the connecting frame (12) is used for connecting the supporting top beam (11) and the suspension guide rail (21); each supporting top beam (11) is provided with an avoidance opening (111) for avoiding a welding line (02), and the center line of the avoidance opening (111) is positioned right above the center line of the suspension guide rail (21) in the length direction; the adsorption mechanism (5) comprises a magnet mounting seat (51) arranged on the supporting top beam (11), four first movable holes are formed in the bottom of the magnet mounting seat (51), a second movable hole is formed in the top of the first movable hole, the aperture of the first movable hole is larger than that of the second movable hole, and the first movable hole is communicated with the second movable hole to form a stepped through hole (511); a magnet (52) which slides along the axial direction of the stepped through hole (511) is arranged in the stepped through hole (511), and the magnet (52) comprises a first magnet movably arranged in the first movable hole and a second magnet movably arranged in the second movable hole; the first magnet and the second magnet are integrally formed to form a stepped structure; the height of the second magnet is equal to that of the second movable hole; the magnet mounting seat (51) is made of a non-magnetic material; when a second magnet of the magnet (52) is adsorbed on the steel plate (01), the magnet (52) is matched with the steel plate (01) to limit the axial displacement of the magnet mounting seat (51); a third movable hole (523) is formed in the bottom of the magnet (52), a piston (524) which slides along the axial direction of the third movable hole (523) is arranged in the third movable hole (523), and a piston rod (525) is connected to the piston (524); a stop piece (526) for limiting the lowest stroke position of the piston (524) is further arranged in the third movable hole (523); the stop piece (526) is provided with a through hole for the piston rod (525) to pass through; a support ring (6) is arranged on the support top beam (11), a lever (61) penetrates through the support ring (6), the lever (61) is provided with a first end and a second end, and the second end of the lever (61) is a force application end; the levers (61) and the magnet mounting seats (51) are arranged in a one-to-one correspondence manner; the four magnets (52) are distributed on the corresponding magnet mounting seats (51) in a central symmetry way; the axial center line of the piston rod (525) is collinear with the axial center line of the corresponding magnet (52); a square pressing plate (62) is arranged below each magnet mounting seat (51), and the lever (61) is hinged with four piston rods (525) on the corresponding magnet mounting seat (51) through the square pressing plate (62); the first end of the lever (61) is hinged to the center of the bottom of the square pressing plate (62), the bottom ends of the four piston rods (525) are hinged to the top of the square pressing plate (62), and the hinged positions of the four piston rods (525) and the square pressing plate (62) are symmetrical about the center of the square pressing plate (62); the four stop members (526) on the magnet mounting seat (51) are all positioned at different height positions.

2. The tool for grinding the weld joint on the top of the steel plate according to claim 1, wherein the height adjusting mechanism (3) comprises a fixed member (31) fixed at the top of the sliding block (22) and a movable member (32) which slides up and down relative to the fixed member (31), a supporting plate (33) is arranged at the top of the movable member (32), the grinding mechanism (4) is hinged to one end of the supporting plate (33), and a first spring (34) connected with the grinding mechanism (4) is arranged at the other end of the supporting plate (33).

3. The tool for grinding the welding seam on the top of the steel plate as claimed in claim 2, wherein the fixing member (31) is a fixed rod, the moving member (32) is a movable sleeve movably sleeved on the fixed rod, a limit bolt hole is formed in the movable sleeve, and a limit bolt which can be close to or far away from the fixed rod is screwed in the limit bolt hole.

4. The tool for grinding the weld joint of the steel plate on the back according to claim 1, wherein the height adjusting mechanism (3) is an air cylinder, a hydraulic cylinder or an electric push rod.

5. The tool for grinding the welding line of the steel plate in the overhead welding process according to claim 1, wherein a vertical hole is formed in the bottom of the avoidance port (111), a second spring (71) is arranged at the bottom of the vertical hole, a thimble (72) is arranged at the top of the second spring (71), the thimble (72) is tightly attached to the welding line (02) of the steel plate (01) under the action of the second spring (71), and the axial center line of the thimble (72) and the center line of the welding line (02) are located on the same vertical plane.